JP4401532B2 - Slope formwork and slope formwork using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a slope formwork and a slope formwork method using the same, and more particularly relates to a formwork and a formwork method that enable easy assembly and removal of the formwork on the slope. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the formwork method of a slope is performed as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, first, two different-diameter reinforcing bars 15 are arranged in a lattice pattern by crossing two bars of different diameters in parallel in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the sub-anchor pins 16 driven so as to be inscribed in the respective intersections. Fasten with a cable tie or weld. Furthermore, the upper end of the main anchor pin 17 driven into the center of each intersection is bent at a right angle, and is fixed by binding or welding to a different diameter reinforcing bar. A wooden formwork (cylindrical formwork 1 in the figure) is placed on the outside of each grid-like mesh assembled in this way, fixed to each other with bolts, reinforcing the reinforcing bars as necessary, and finally the exterior of the formwork Blow concrete into. After the concrete has hardened, remove the bolts securing the mold and remove the mold. Next, a greening method such as planting is performed in each grid of the concrete frame formed in a lattice shape. However, a lot of manpower and labor are required for the work of arranging, fixing and removing a large number of molds in this way.
[0003]
As an attempt to improve this defect, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-11130, floating bars or balloons in which reinforcing bars are arranged in a lattice frame on a slope and then inflated with air in each cell. A method has been proposed in which a fixed formwork is fixed with an anchor pin, and after concrete is sprayed and hardened, the formwork is evacuated and the floating ring or balloon-like formwork is contracted and removed. However, in this construction method, an air supply device is required at the construction site, and it takes a long time to inflate with air when the floating ring shape or balloon-shaped formwork is enlarged. Furthermore, since the swelled formwork is large, the transportation work to be carried on each square becomes complicated. In addition, after concrete spraying and before it hardens, the dimensional change of the formwork occurs due to changes in the weather, and the shape of the completed lattice frame becomes uneven.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the objective of this invention is providing the formwork for slopes which can give a greening slope simply, and a formwork method using the same.
[0005]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a slope formwork that can be accurately greened and a formwork method using the same.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve various problems of the prior art, the present inventors have used a plastic mold that can be disassembled and assembled as a slope mold, and placed this mold in a predetermined place. After assembling and fixing, it was found that by applying concrete between the molds and curing the concrete, the greening slope can be applied easily and accurately, and the present invention has been completed.
[0007]
That is, the slope mold according to the present invention is a mold composed of a plurality of mold members that can be assembled, and is composed of plastic. Moreover, the said formwork may be able to connect the adjacent formwork member with a detachable coupling tool, and may be especially connected so that rotation is mutually possible. Moreover, the said formwork may be ventilated in the state fixed to the slope in the lower part of a formwork member, and the uneven | corrugated | grooved part which can be latched or latched with respect to a slope may be formed. Moreover, the pitch of the uneven part provided in the lower part of the mold is about 0.5 to 1.5 times the net diameter of the lath wire mesh installed as a base, and the depth of the uneven part is It may be about 0.25 to 1.5 times the mesh diameter of the lath wire mesh. The plastic may be a plastic reinforced with a fibrous filler or a recycled plastic. Furthermore, the formwork may be atypical.
[0008]
Further, in the present invention, after the reinforcing bars are arranged in a grid shape on the slope, the mold frame is arranged around the grid frame, and mortar or concrete is sprayed between the mold frames to be hardened. Is also included. Moreover, after the mortar or concrete hardens | cures, the said formwork method may decompose | disassemble a moldwork into a some member, remove from hardened mortar or concrete, and may reuse. Moreover, the said formwork method may arrange | position a masking material inside a formwork, and may spray mortar or concrete between each formwork.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Material of slope formwork]
The material of the plastic mold used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various plastics can be applied. Plastics include polyolefin resins, styrene resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, and the like.
[0010]
Examples of the polyolefin resin include homo- or copolymers of α-olefins (for example, α-C _2-10 olefins), particularly polyethylene and polypropylene.
[0011]
Examples of the styrene resin include a styrene monomer (for example, styrene, vinyl toluene, α-methyl styrene, chlorostyrene, etc.) or a copolymer, and a styrene monomer and a vinyl monomer (for example, acrylonitrile). , (Meth) acrylic acid ester, (meth) acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, etc.), rubber-containing styrene resin (for example, polymer of rubber component and styrene monomer, polystyrene graft or Block copolymers and the like), for example, ABS resin, rubber-reinforced styrene resin (HIPS) and the like.
[0012]
Examples of acrylic resins include (meth) acrylic acid C _1-10 alkyl esters, (meth) acrylamides, (meth) acrylic monomers such as (meth) acrylic monomers or copolymers, and (meth) acrylic resins. A copolymer of the monomer and another copolymerizable monomer, for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), methyl acrylate-styrene copolymer, and the like can be exemplified.
[0013]
Examples of the polyester-based resin include homopolyesters or copolyesters mainly composed of alkylene arylates such as alkylene terephthalate and alkylene naphthalate, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
[0014]
Examples of the polyamide-based resin include aliphatic polyamides and aromatic polyamides such as nylon 6 and nylon 66.
[0015]
Moreover, these plastics can be used by mixing two or more kinds into a polymer blend or polymer alloy.
[0016]
When improving mechanical properties such as rigidity, it is preferable to improve the properties of the mold by adding fibrous fillers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers to the plastic. The amount of fibers to be reinforced is about 5 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the plastic. If the amount is less than 5 parts by weight, it is difficult to greatly improve the mechanical characteristics. If the amount exceeds 50 parts by weight, the fluidity of the resin is lowered and molding becomes difficult.
[0017]
Moreover, although a new pellet may be used for a formwork member, in order to recycle and to reduce the price of a formwork, it is also possible to use recycled resin. As the recycled resin, a single recycled resin for single use (for example, a cassette tape case) may be used, and a mixed recycled resin generated from home appliances, OA products, and the like can also be used. If necessary, these recycled resins may contain a compatibilizer, impact modifier, various stabilizers, and the like.
[0018]
Further, after the sprayed mortar or concrete is cured, a mold release agent may be applied to the mold member in advance in order to easily remove the plastic mold. In addition, it is necessary to select the plastic which does not change with a mold release agent for a mold member, For example, when a mold release agent is oily, it is preferable to use oil-resistant plastics (for example, crystalline plastic etc.).
[0019]
Examples of the release agent include silicone compounds (for example, silicone oil, silicone wax, silicone resin, polyorganosiloxane having a polyoxyalkylene unit), higher fatty acids or salts thereof, higher fatty acid esters, waxes (for example, carnauba). Plant waxes such as wax, animal waxes such as wool wax, paraffins such as paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, etc.), fluorine-containing compounds (for example, fluorine oil, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), mineral oils and the like. These release agents may be used in the form of an emulsion. These release agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0020]
Further, it is also preferable to apply or bake a concrete curing retarder to the mold member in advance. Concrete curing retarders include inorganic curing retarders such as lead oxide, boron oxide, borax, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, magnesium fluorosilicate, polyester curing retarders (saturated or unsaturated polyester resins, etc.), sugar, Examples thereof include organic curing retardants such as keto acids such as oxycarboxylates, lignin sulfonates, gluconates, pyruvate, and α-ketoglutarate. These concrete hardening retarders can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0021]
By using a mold release agent or a concrete curing retarder, mortar and concrete adhering to the surface of the mold can be easily washed, so that the mold can be easily reused.
[0022]
As a method for forming a mold member using these plastics, various conventionally known methods such as injection molding, press molding, extrusion molding and the like are particularly preferably used.
[0023]
[Structure of slope formwork]
As shown in FIG. 1, the ring-shaped formwork 1 is composed of a plurality of curved plate-like formwork members 2 (four semicircular members obtained by dividing the ring-shaped formwork into four equal parts) that can be assembled. The adjacent formwork members 2 can be connected by a detachable connector 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the connector 3 includes a base 10, a notch recess 11 extending in the axial direction, and a snap-fit fastener 9 that can expand or contract in the radial direction. Therefore, the mold 1 can be formed by inserting it into the hole 4 formed at the end of the adjacent mold member 2, and the mold 1 can be removed from the mold 4 by removing the connector 3 from the hole 4. The frame member 2 can be disassembled or disassembled.
[0024]
In the longitudinal direction of the inner peripheral wall of each mold member 2, ribs 5 for reinforcement are formed. Therefore, even if mortar or concrete is sprayed or placed on the outer peripheral area of the mold 1, it does not hinder the detachment from the hardened concrete.
[0025]
Moreover, in order to bend corresponding to the uneven ground of a slope, the adjacent formwork members 2 can mutually be rotated centering | focusing on the coupling tool 3. FIG. Further, in order to facilitate the rotation of each mold member 2 and to avoid the formation of irregularities in the outer peripheral area to which mortar or concrete is applied, there is a step in the sliding contact area of the adjacent mold member 2. A recess 7 is formed. Further, both ends of the mold member are formed in a semicircular shape so that each mold member 2 can freely rotate around the connector 3.
[0026]
Further, a serrated (or triangular) concavo-convex portion 6 is formed in the lower part of the mold member 2 in order to lock or hook the mold frame 1 on the slope ground. In such a mold 1, the mold 1 can be fixed at a predetermined position by engaging the uneven portion 6 with a mesh of a lath metal mesh provided on the surface of the slope. Furthermore, even when mortar or concrete is sprayed, a vent hole can be formed between the concavo-convex portion 6 and the ground, so that the displacement of the mold 1 can be suppressed.
[0027]
Especially in this invention, in order to use it combining in a slope construction site, the formwork is comprised with the some member. Constituting the formwork with a plurality of members that can be assembled or disassembled is advantageous both economically and in terms of transportation and installation workability. Moreover, the peeling workability | operativity with respect to the hardened mortar or concrete can also be improved. The formwork member is not limited to the curved plate shape as long as the formwork can be assembled, and may be a flat plate shape, an L shape, a U shape, a U shape, or the like depending on the shape of the formwork. Good. Moreover, the shape and size of each member may be the same or different. Furthermore, the thickness and dimension of each member can also be appropriately selected according to the application, the material of the plastic, and the like. The mold of the present invention can be easily assembled into a desired shape (for example, a cylindrical shape, a ring shape, or a polygonal shape) by combining a plurality of members.
[0028]
The connector is not limited to the above structure, and various snaps, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a square columnar shape having a base 10, an axial notch recess 11 (or cavity 12), and a locking portion 13 as necessary. Examples thereof include a snap (a), a columnar snap (b) having a base 10, an axial notch recess 11 (or a hollow portion 12), and a bulging portion 14 if necessary. These connecting tools may form a snap-like convex portion on one member of an adjacent mold member, or a pre-shaped connector may be incorporated into one mold member at the time of molding. It may be incorporated when assembling the formwork member on the surface.
[0029]
The material of the connector is not particularly limited, but the shape of the mold must be maintained while the mold is assembled and fixed and mortar or concrete is being sprayed. Therefore, it is preferable to select from engineering plastics having high strength such as polyamide resin, polyoxymethylene resin, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, and polyphenylene oxide resin.
[0030]
Further, if necessary, conventional connectors or fasteners (for example, pins, hinges, bolts and nuts, etc.) can be used. It can also be simply fixed with a wire or rubber.
[0031]
A rib is not necessarily required for the formwork member, and when a rib is formed, a plurality of ribs may be formed. The assembled plastic formwork has sufficient strength and rigidity when applied in a normal slope, but when the slope of the slope becomes large, the formwork is applied with the weight of sprayed mortar or concrete. May be deformed. As a method of preventing this deformation, in addition to using the plastic reinforced with the filler described above, it is possible to hit an anchor pin. However, it is preferable to provide a rib whose inside is partially thickened.
[0032]
As shown in FIG. 4, among the adjacent mold members, an inclined end surface 8 is formed at the end of the mold member located on the inner side, and is separated from the inner peripheral surface of the mold member located on the outer side. You may let them. With such a structure, in particular, when it is difficult to separate the mold from the concrete, such as when a mold release agent or a concrete curing retarder is not applied, the inclined end face 8 which has been released at the time of mold release. It can be peeled off using a smooth mold release work.
[0033]
The free end portion of the formwork member is not limited to the above-described structure, and it is sufficient that at least a part thereof is free. For example, the end portion of the structure in which only a notch having a size capable of hooking a finger is formed. It is done.
[0034]
As long as the step recess is provided with a step corresponding to the thickness of the mold member so that the uneven portion is not formed in the outer peripheral area of the mold member, the size of the recess is not particularly limited as long as it can be securely fixed to the connector.
[0035]
The uneven portion is not limited to the above-mentioned serrated uneven portion, and it is sufficient that the mold frame is fixed to the slope by locking, latching, etc. An uneven part etc. are mentioned. In order to improve the locking property with respect to the slope, the preferable concavo-convex part is usually formed at an acute angle. The depth of the uneven portion is about 0.25 to 1.5 times, preferably about 0.5 to 1.0 times the size of the lath wire mesh. If it is less than 0.25 times, fixing is insufficient, and if it exceeds 1.5 times, when mortar or concrete is sprayed, the mortar or concrete easily leaks from the formwork through this uneven portion. Further, the pitch of the concavo-convex portions is also about 0.5 to 1.5 times, preferably about 0.7 to 1.2 times the size of the lath wire mesh for the same reason.
[0036]
[Slope Forming Method]
In the formwork method of the present invention, first, the slope is leveled if necessary at the slope construction site, and a lath wire mesh is laid as usual, and the reinforcing bars 15 are arranged in a grid as shown in FIG. . Next, around the lattice frame, the mold frame 1 produced by assembling the mold member is placed on the slope and temporarily fixed, and mortar or concrete is sprayed between the mold frames to be cured. After curing, the formwork is disassembled and removed, and planting (turf, flower, tree, etc.) is applied to the area (greening area) corresponding to the formwork to form a greening slope. The removed formwork member can be reused after washing.
[0037]
In the formwork method, when mortar or concrete is sprayed, excess mortar or concrete may adhere to the ground (natural ground) or the ground inside the formwork beyond the formwork. Mortar or concrete adhering to the ground or ground inhibits the growth of planted plants and makes it difficult to remove the formwork. In such a case, a masking material may be arranged inside the mold and mortar or concrete may be sprayed between the molds. By arranging the masking material inside the mold, it is possible to suppress mortar or concrete from adhering to the ground or the ground.
[0038]
The masking material is not particularly limited, and metal (eg, iron, copper, alloy, etc.), plastic (eg, polyolefin resin, styrene resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, etc.), glass fiber Examples thereof include a mesh-like masking material composed of, etc., and a cloth (particularly a non-woven fabric). In the mesh-shaped masking material, the size of the mesh is not particularly limited, and is about 4 to 100 mesh, preferably about 10 to 80 mesh. By using a mesh-like masking material, it is possible to prevent the worker's feet from slipping on the inside of the formwork and to perform the construction safely, as compared with a conventionally used sheet of material such as polypropylene or polypropylene cloth. Moreover, it can prevent that a masking material floats or flies up with pressure spraying of mortar or concrete. The fabric weight is about 10 to 1000 g / m ² , preferably about 50 to 500 g / m ² .
[0039]
The masking material is in the form of a sheet, and the thickness is not particularly limited, but is about 0.1 to 30 mm, preferably about 1 to 20 mm. The shape of the sheet may be appropriately selected according to the shape of the formwork, and examples thereof include a circle and a polygon. The size of the masking material may be appropriately selected according to the size of the mold, and may be slightly larger or smaller than the mold.
[0040]
The masking material may be formed, for example, by a method such as extrusion molding, punching molding, or foam molding, or may be manufactured by weaving a thread-like material. The nonwoven fabric can be produced by a conventional method (for example, a method of forming fibers into a web, for example, a method of bonding by thermocompression bonding or an adhesive, a needle punch method, a papermaking method, or the like).
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, since the formwork is composed of a plurality of formwork members that can be assembled, in the formwork method of the greening slope, the tremendous time and labor required for assembling and removing the formwork are greatly reduced and Can be reduced. In addition, when the uneven portion is formed in the lower part of the mold member, the mold can be securely fixed to the slope, and the concrete or mortar to be sprayed does not leak from the mold, and an accurate greening slope can be applied. Furthermore, when the adjacent formwork members are connected to each other by a detachable connector so as to be rotatable, it is possible to cope with the uneven state of the slope.
[0042]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0043]
Example 1
As the plastic, recycled polypropylene (PP) was used, and a plastic mold member 2 (thickness 3 mm) shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 was molded by a conventional method. Holes 4 for snap-fit fasteners are provided at both ends, and an uneven portion 6 (depth 1.0 times and pitch 1.0 times the size of the lath wire mesh) is formed at the lower end, and the center in the width direction A rib 5 extending in the longitudinal direction is provided in the part. At the same time, a polyoxymethylene fastener shown in FIG. 2 was molded as a snap-fit fastener for assembly. The four recycled PP formwork members 2 can be assembled with fasteners to form a ring-shaped formwork 1 as shown in FIG. Both ends of each mold are semicircular and can be freely rotated around the fastener portion. Furthermore, one end of the plastic mold member 2 is bent inward by the thickness of the mold member to form a stepped recess 7 so that the outer surface of the ring in the assembled state can form a smooth surface. It has become.
[0044]
Next, in the field slope where mortar spraying is required, a lath wire mesh is first laid on the slope, and then, as shown in FIG. 7, reinforcing bars 15 are laid in a lattice shape, and a plastic mold is placed in each square. The frame members were arranged in groups of four in the circumferential direction and connected with plastic fasteners to assemble them into a cylindrical shape. The assembled plastic formwork was temporarily fixed to a lath wire mesh with rubber. After all the plastic mold 1 was fixed in the grid of the reinforcing bars 15, a normal oil release agent was applied to the outer periphery of the ring-shaped plastic mold 1, and mortar was sprayed between the molds and cured.
[0045]
After the mortar was cured, the fasteners at both ends of each plastic mold member 2 were removed, the rubber was removed, and the mold member was removed from the mortar. The removed plastic mold member and fastener can be used for the next construction by cleaning the surface as necessary. Since the mold release agent was applied, the surface mortar could be easily removed by washing. The plastic mold was removed, and a green area was applied to the circular area corresponding to the mold, resulting in a naturally harmonious appearance.
[0046]
Since a plurality of serrated irregularities 6 were provided in the lower part of the plastic mold 1, the air escape condition during mortar spraying was good, and the surface condition after mortar curing was also good. In addition, since the plastic mold 1 is a ring shape in which four members are combined with a rotatable fastener, the shape of the mold can be freely changed according to the unevenness of the slope. The work was easy and the finish was good.
[0047]
Example 2
In Example 1, a circular mold was assembled on the slope in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that ABS resin was used as the plastic mold material and nylon 66 was used as the snap-fit fastener material. Furthermore, mortar was sprayed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the release agent was not applied to the surface, the slope was reinforced with mortar, and a greening method was applied to the mold. The amount of mortar adhered to the surface of the mold as much as the mold release agent was not applied to the surface of the plastic mold, but the surface mortar can be removed by washing, and can withstand the next use Met.
[0048]
Example 3
In Example 1, a plastic mold is attached to the slope in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that glass fiber reinforced polyethylene (glass fiber content 30% by weight, GF-PE) is used as the plastic mold material. When reinforced with mortar and revegetation method, it was possible to finish the revegetation surface with good appearance. In order to increase the construction speed, the spraying pressure was increased. However, since GF-PE was more rigid than PP and ABS resin, the plastic mold was less deformed at the time of spraying, resulting in a good appearance.
[0049]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, except that a mold integrally formed in a cylindrical shape was used, a plastic mold was attached to the slope in exactly the same manner as in Example 1, reinforced with mortar, and a greening method was applied. Since the frame cannot cope with the uneven surface of the slope, an unnecessarily large space was created between the ground and the mortar leaked from the space when the mortar was sprayed, resulting in a poor appearance.
[0050]
Example 4
In Example 2, a plastic mold was attached to the slope in exactly the same manner as in Example 2 except that the sawtooth irregularities 4 at the bottom of the plastic mold were not provided, and reinforced with mortar, and the greening method was applied. When the mortar was sprayed, air accumulated in the lower part of the formwork, creating a space there, resulting in a slightly worse finish.
[0051]
Example 5
In Example 3, instead of making the shape of the plastic mold after assembly into a cylindrical shape, it was reinforced with mortar in the same manner as in Example 3 except that it was a rectangular frame, and a greening method was applied. As in Example 3, a greening surface with good appearance was finished.
[0052]
Example 6
In Example 1, when the greening method was applied in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyethylene sheet (thickness 2 mm, 64 mesh) was laid on the inside of the plastic mold and mortar was sprayed, the feet did not slip. In addition to being able to work safely, there was no adhesion of mortar to the ground or ground inside the formwork.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary plastic mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a snap-fit fastener used in a mold according to an example of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of various snaps used in the mold of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing a free end portion of an adjacent mold member when the plastic mold member of the present invention is assembled.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the plastic mold member according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a top view of the plastic mold member according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a rebar lattice and a formwork in a sloped formwork method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ring-shaped formwork 2 Formwork member 3 Connector 4 Hole 5 for snap fit fasteners Rib 6 Serrated uneven part 7 Step recessed part 8 Inclined end face 9 Snap fit type fastener

Claims (10)

A formwork made up of a plurality of formwork members that can be assembled and made of plastic, and can be ventilated in a state of being fixed to the slope at the bottom of the formwork member, and against the slope A slope mold that can be locked or hooked and has a concavo-convex portion with a sharp tip .   The slope mold according to claim 1, wherein adjacent mold members are connectable with a detachable connector.   The slope mold according to claim 2, wherein adjacent mold members are connected to each other so as to be rotatable. The pitch of the concavo-convex portion provided in the lower part of the mold is 0.5 to 1.5 times the mesh diameter of the lath wire mesh installed as the base, and the depth of the concavo-convex portion is 0. 0 of the mesh diameter of the lath wire mesh. slope for formwork according to claim 1, wherein the 25 to 1.5 times.   The slope mold according to claim 1, wherein the plastic is a plastic reinforced with a fibrous filler.   The slope mold according to claim 1, wherein the plastic is recycled plastic. The slope mold according to claim 1, wherein the mold is cylindrical or ring-shaped .   Forming method in which reinforcing bars are laid out in a grid on the slope, and then the slope mold according to claim 1 is arranged around the grid, and mortar or concrete is sprayed between the molds and hardened. . 9. The formwork method according to claim 8 , wherein after the mortar or concrete is cured, the mold is disassembled into a plurality of members, removed from the cured mortar or concrete, and reused. The formwork method of Claim 8 which arrange | positions a masking material inside a formwork and sprays mortar or concrete between each formwork.

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