JP4396804B2 - Steel beam opening reinforcement structure - Google Patents

Steel beam opening reinforcement structure Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4396804B2
JP4396804B2 JP2001301621A JP2001301621A JP4396804B2 JP 4396804 B2 JP4396804 B2 JP 4396804B2 JP 2001301621 A JP2001301621 A JP 2001301621A JP 2001301621 A JP2001301621 A JP 2001301621A JP 4396804 B2 JP4396804 B2 JP 4396804B2
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Prior art keywords
steel beam
opening
web
reinforcing
steel
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JP2003105920A (en
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敏郎 鈴木
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敏郎 鈴木
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、開口部を有するH形鋼梁など、ウェブの上下にフランジを有し、ウェブに開口部を設けた鋼梁の開口部補強構造に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
配管等を設けるために鋼梁に貫通孔を設ける場合、従来は図10に示すように、鋼梁ウェブにスリ―ブ鋼管を一体化し、その周りに補強プレートを溶接するといったことが行われてきた。しかし、製作の上で面倒であるため、スリーブ鋼管を設けず補強プレートのみを添接する補強方法が一般的である。
【0003】
この他、従来から知られているウェブ開口部の補強方法として、図11に示すように、ウェブの両面に開口部の断面欠損と同量の補強リブ(スチフナー)を上下フランジ間をつなぐトラス状に配置する補強トラス法があり、開口部周辺での応力の伝達を補強リブ及び上下フランジを介して行う設計となっている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上述のような従来技術における課題の解決を図ったものであり、取り付けが容易で、材料的な無駄が少なく、開口部のない鋼梁に近い力学性状をあたえる、効率的で経済性に優れた開口部補強構造を提供することを目的としている。
【0005】
従来の補強プレート法は、開口部近傍のウェブの板厚を増すため、開口部周辺のせん断力を補うだけでなく局所的に曲げ剛性が上がり、応力状態が不連続となる等、梁の性能上好ましくない。
【0006】
又、略正方形の補強プレートの鋼梁ウェブへの添接は補強プレート周辺と円形孔周りに隅肉溶接されるが、局所的に過大な溶接による熱ひずみの発生とその後の鉄骨のひずみ矯正の問題があるうえ、上下フランジに並行する部位の隅肉溶接が十分にはできない難点もある。
【0007】
他の一つ、従来の補強トラス法は、上下フランジとトラスの腹材に相当する補強リブとの間での応力伝達により開口部周辺の応力低減を図ったものであるが、補強リブをトラス状に設けた開口部近傍で上下フランジが拘束され、この部分の力学性状が他の区間と大きく異なるといった問題や、ウェブとフランジの双方に接合される補強リブの取り付けが面倒であるといった問題がある。
【0008】
本発明は、上述のような従来技術における課題の解決を図ったものであり、取り付けが容易で、材料的な無駄が少なく、開口部のない鋼梁に近い力学性状を与える、効率的で経済性に優れた開口部補強構造を提供することを目的としている。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、ウェブの上下にフランジを有する鋼梁に、配管等の目的で開口部を設けてある場合の開口部補強構造であって、この開口部周辺を取り囲むように、所定の長さに切断した角形鋼管を、鋼管の周囲四辺が鋼梁の材軸と略45度に斜交するように前記ウェブ表面に止め付け、開口部により失われるせん断力負担分を鋼管壁に生ずる斜め方向の軸力で伝達するようにしたことを特徴とする。
【0010】
開口補強金具としての角形鋼管は、鋼梁ウェブを挟み込むように両面に設ける場合と片面にのみ設ける場合とが考えられるが、それらは補強金具によって得られる補強効果と製作手間にともなうコストなどを考慮して決めればよい。
【0011】
角形鋼管の鋼梁ウェブへの取り付け方法としては、隅肉溶接ないしは突合せ溶接となるが、隅肉溶接の場合には溶接個所が鋼管の外周部又は内周部だけにする場合と、外周及び内周の両方に全てないしは一部とする場合が考えられる。
【0012】
ウェブの上下にフランジを有する鋼梁としては、H形鋼梁が最も一般的であるが、これに限定されず、たとえば溝形鋼や箱形鋼からなる梁についても同様に適用可能である。
【0013】
本発明は、開口部を設けたことにより失われるせん断力負担分を補強金具である角形鋼管周囲四辺に生ずる斜め方向の軸力で伝達することで、鋼梁本来の力学性状を変えずに、すなわち、開口部がない鋼梁と同様の力学性状を与えるように補強しようとするもので、鋼梁のウェブ面に直接添接される。
【0014】
それにより、フランジ部分にはほとんど影響を与えない構造であるため、鋼梁における開口位置の設定もこれまでよりも自由になり、たとえば鋼梁材端部に開口を設けても、梁の基本的な塑性変形性能に影響を与えない。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は、本発明の実施形態として、鋼梁1のウェブ2に設けられた円形の開口部4に対し、開口部4を取り囲むように、フランジ3の幅以内に収まる長さに切断された角形鋼管5をウェブ2に添接した場合を示したもので、ウェブ2をはさみ両面から取り付けられる。
【0016】
図2は、図1で示した実施例の斜視図で、円形開口4とその周りに補強金具である角形鋼管5が添接された鋼梁1の一部であり、このような開口部は鋼梁の任意の位置に一つないし複数存在する。
【0017】
図3は、SRC(鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート)構造の実施例で、補強金具としての角形鋼管5を開口部4に対するコンクリート型枠を兼ね、梁のコンクリートかぶり幅まで伸ばしたばあいである。
【0018】
図4は、本発明の補強構造に対応する補強金具の作用効果に関する説明図で、断面積Aoの開口部4を設けたことにより失われるせん断力負担分Qoを、補強金具5の斜材に生ずる軸力Poで伝達する。
【0019】
ウェブに開口部を設けることにより失われるせん断力負担分Qoは、開口径にウェブの板厚を掛け合わせた開口部断面積をAo、せん断降伏応力度をτyとすると、ほぼ、Qo=Ao・τyとなる。
【0020】
このせん断力負担分Qoを、開口部を囲む斜め補強材によりトラス的軸力Poで受け持つとすれば、斜材角度が鋼梁の材軸方向と略45度と考え、さらに、せん断降伏応力度τyと軸方向降伏応力度σyとの関係から、Po=0.41Ao・σyとなり、斜材断面積Adは略Ad=0.4Aoとなる。
【0021】
なお、以上で得られる値は一つの目安値で、せん断力負担Qoを補強金具のみが受け持つとした結果であり、溶接等により補強材がウェブの両面に添接される場合は、それと重なるウェブの協同効果もあり、さらに小さな断面でもよいと考えられるが、設計で意図する補強効率を勘案し決定すればよい。
【0022】
【数1】

Figure 0004396804
【0023】
図5は、開口部周辺が角形鋼管で補強された鋼梁がせん断力を受けた場合の数値解析結果で、縦軸を鋼梁ウェブのせん断耐力Qを降伏せん断力Qyの比で、横軸をせん断変形角γを降伏せん断変形角γyの比で示したグラフで、無開口梁、無補強開口梁との比較から、本発明の補強法により開口の無い梁と同じ耐力にまで回復していることがわかる。
【0024】
本解析は、H−700x300x12x25の鋼梁に開口径2R=350を設けた場合で、補強金具としての角形鋼管として□−400x400x12で長さL=75をウェブ両面から添接しており、これら各材料の降伏点応力度は鋼梁及び鋼管ともσy=353N/mmとしている。
【0025】
図6は、添接された角形鋼管の斜め方向に位置する鋼管壁の軸方向ひずみεを降伏点ひずみεyの比で表したもので、圧縮側及び引張側、ウェブ面に近い側及び遠い側全てほぼ同一の大きさで、鋼梁の最大荷重点まではせん断変形と略比例関係にある。
【0026】
図7は、最大荷重点での鋼梁を正面から見た変形図で、変形を3倍に拡大しているが、その時点での開口部の斜め方向の伸び及び縮みの変形量は開口径の2〜3%と小さく、開口部を貫通する配管にはなんら支障はない。
【0027】
図8は、せん断スパン比3の鋼梁に、材端部近傍に開口を設けた場合の曲げせん断荷重が作用する場合の解析結果で、縦軸を鋼梁中央部の曲げモ−メントMを塑性モ−メントMpの比とし、横軸を曲げ回転角θを塑性回転角θpの比で表している。
【0028】
本解析も、スパン及び加力方法は異なるもの、鋼梁の開口径、角形鋼管の断面寸法、材質等は前記解析例と同じであるが、本補強構造による鋼梁の塑性変形性能は無開口の梁と比べても遜色なく、むしろより改善されていることがわかる。
【0029】
図9は、前記解析例の変形を表した斜視図で、θ/θp=10での変形を3倍に拡大し、数値解析メッシュのままに表現したもので、ウェブでの補強金具のせん断変形とは別に、曲げを受ける鋼梁の圧縮フランジに局部座屈が進展していることがわかる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、鋼梁の開口部周辺を取り囲むように、角形鋼管である補強金具を鋼管壁が鋼梁の材軸と斜交するようにウェブ表面に止め付け、開口部より失われるせん断力負担分を前記鋼管壁に生ずる斜め方向の軸力で伝達するようにしたものであり、開口部のない鋼梁に近い力学性状を有する補強構造が得られる.
【0031】
また、このことにより、鋼梁における開口位置の設定なども比較的自由となり、従来の補強法では避けられていた塑性化が予想される鋼梁材端においても可能となり、むしろ補強金具がウェブに添接されることにより鋼梁材端における塑性変形機能なども有効に発揮させることができる。
【0032】
角形鋼管である補強金具の取り付けも、ウェブ面中央部での隅肉溶接などで簡単に行うことができ、従来の補強法の溶接長さに比べ短くなるなど製作に要する手間やコストを大幅に削減することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態を示したもので、開口部近傍の鋼梁の正面図と、開口部中央を通るA−A断面図である。
【図2】前記実施形態の斜視図である。
【図3】本発明の他の実施形態を示したもので、開口部近傍の鋼梁の正面図と、開口部中央を通るA−A断面図である。
【図4】本発明の実施形態に対応する補強金具の作用効果に関する説明図である。
【図5】本発明の補強効果を見るため、純せん断力を受ける場合の鋼梁の解析結果を示したグラフである。
【図6】前記解析における、補強金具に生ずるひずみを示したグラフである。
【図7】前記解析における、最大荷重点近傍での鋼梁の正面から見た変形図である。
【図8】本発明の補強効果を見るため、曲げせん断力を受ける場合の鋼梁の解析結果を示したグラフである。
【図9】前記解析における、鋼梁の材端部が塑性変形して後の変形斜視図である。
【図10】従来からある補強プレート法の代表的な図で、鋼梁正面図とA−A断面図である。
【図11】従来からある補強トラス法の代表的な図で、鋼梁正面図とA−A断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 鋼梁
2 ウェブ
3 フランジ
4 開口部
5 角形鋼管
6 スリ−ブ鋼管
7 補強プレ−ト
8 リブプレ−ト[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an opening reinforcing structure for a steel beam having flanges on the top and bottom of a web, such as an H-shaped steel beam having an opening, and the web having an opening.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the case of providing a through hole in a steel beam for providing piping or the like, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 10, a sleeve steel pipe is integrated with a steel beam web and a reinforcing plate is welded around it. It was. However, since it is troublesome in production, a reinforcing method in which only a reinforcing plate is attached without providing a sleeve steel pipe is general.
[0003]
In addition, as a conventionally known method for reinforcing a web opening, as shown in FIG. 11, a truss-like structure in which reinforcing ribs (stiffeners) of the same amount as the cross-sectional defect of the opening are formed on both sides of the web between the upper and lower flanges. There is a reinforcing truss method to be arranged in the design, and the stress is transmitted around the opening via the reinforcing rib and the upper and lower flanges.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to solve the above-described problems in the prior art, is easy to install, has little material waste, and has an efficient and economical mechanical property similar to a steel beam without an opening. It aims at providing the opening part reinforcement structure excellent in property.
[0005]
The conventional reinforcing plate method increases the thickness of the web in the vicinity of the opening, so it not only compensates for the shearing force around the opening, but also increases the bending stiffness locally and discontinuous stress. Not preferable.
[0006]
In addition, the welding of the substantially square reinforcing plate to the steel beam web is fillet welded around the reinforcing plate and around the circular hole. However, the heat distortion caused by excessive welding locally and the subsequent distortion correction of the steel frame In addition to the problems, there is a difficulty that fillet welding of the part parallel to the upper and lower flanges cannot be sufficiently performed.
[0007]
The other, the conventional reinforcing truss method, is to reduce the stress around the opening by transmitting stress between the upper and lower flanges and the reinforcing rib corresponding to the abdomen of the truss. The upper and lower flanges are constrained in the vicinity of the opening provided in the shape, the problem that the mechanical properties of this part are significantly different from other sections, and the problem that the mounting of the reinforcing rib joined to both the web and the flange is troublesome is there.
[0008]
The present invention is intended to solve the above-described problems in the prior art, is easy to mount, has little material waste, and provides mechanical properties close to a steel beam without an opening. It aims at providing the opening part reinforcement structure excellent in property.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is an opening reinforcing structure in the case where openings are provided for the purpose of piping or the like in steel beams having flanges on the upper and lower sides of a web, and has a predetermined length so as to surround the periphery of the opening. The cut square steel pipe is fixed to the web surface so that the four sides of the steel pipe are obliquely crossed at about 45 degrees with the axis of the steel beam, and the shearing force lost by the opening is generated in the diagonal direction generated on the steel pipe wall. It is characterized by being transmitted by axial force.
[0010]
Square steel pipes as opening reinforcing metal fittings are considered to be provided on both sides so as to sandwich the steel beam web, or only on one side, but they take into account the reinforcing effect obtained by the reinforcing metal fittings and the cost involved in production labor And decide.
[0011]
The method of attaching the square steel pipe to the steel beam web is fillet welding or butt welding. In the case of fillet welding, the welding point is only the outer peripheral part or inner peripheral part of the steel pipe, There may be cases where all or part of the circumference is used.
[0012]
The steel beam having flanges on the upper and lower sides of the web is most commonly an H-shaped steel beam, but is not limited to this, and can be similarly applied to a beam made of, for example, channel steel or box steel.
[0013]
The present invention transmits the shearing force share lost by providing the opening with the axial force in the oblique direction generated around the square steel pipe surrounding reinforcement metal fittings, without changing the original mechanical properties of the steel beam, That is, it is intended to reinforce so as to give the same mechanical properties as a steel beam having no opening, and is directly attached to the web surface of the steel beam.
[0014]
As a result, the structure has little influence on the flange part, so the opening position of the steel beam can be set more freely than before. For example, even if an opening is provided at the end of the steel beam, Does not affect the plastic deformation performance.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In FIG. 1, as an embodiment of the present invention, a circular opening 4 provided in a web 2 of a steel beam 1 is cut to a length that fits within the width of a flange 3 so as to surround the opening 4. The case where the square steel pipe 5 is attached to the web 2 is shown, and the web 2 is sandwiched and attached from both sides.
[0016]
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, which is a part of a steel beam 1 in which a circular opening 4 and a square steel pipe 5 as a reinforcing metal fitting are attached thereto. There are one or more at any position of the steel beam.
[0017]
FIG. 3 shows an example of an SRC (steel reinforced concrete) structure in which a square steel pipe 5 as a reinforcing metal fitting is also extended to the concrete cover width of a beam, which also serves as a concrete mold for the opening 4.
[0018]
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the function and effect of the reinforcing metal fitting corresponding to the reinforcing structure of the present invention. The shearing force share Qo lost by providing the opening 4 of the cross-sectional area Ao is used as the diagonal material of the reinforcing metal fitting 5. The generated axial force Po is transmitted.
[0019]
The shearing force share Qo lost by providing an opening in the web is approximately Qo = Ao ·, where Ao is the cross-sectional area of the opening obtained by multiplying the opening diameter by the thickness of the web, and τy is the shear yield stress. τy.
[0020]
If this shear force share Qo is handled by the truss-like axial force Po by the diagonal reinforcing material surrounding the opening, the diagonal angle is considered to be approximately 45 degrees with the direction of the steel beam axis. From the relationship between τy and the axial yield stress level σy, Po = 0.41 Ao · σy, and the diagonal cross-sectional area Ad is substantially Ad = 0.4 Ao.
[0021]
Note that the value obtained above is a guideline value and is the result of assuming that the shearing force burden Qo is handled only by the reinforcing bracket. When the reinforcing material is attached to both sides of the web by welding or the like, the overlapping web It is considered that a smaller cross-section may be used, but it may be determined in consideration of the reinforcement efficiency intended in the design.
[0022]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004396804
[0023]
FIG. 5 is a numerical analysis result when a steel beam reinforced with a square steel pipe around the opening receives a shear force. The vertical axis indicates the shear strength Q of the steel beam web and the ratio of the yield shear force Qy. Is a graph showing the shear deformation angle γ as the ratio of the yield shear deformation angle γy. From the comparison with the unopened beam and the unreinforced open beam, the reinforcement method of the present invention restored the same yield strength as that of the beam without an opening. I understand that.
[0024]
In this analysis, an opening diameter 2R = 350 is provided in a steel beam of H-700x300x12x25, and a square steel pipe as a reinforcing metal fitting is □ -400x400x12 and a length L = 75 is attached from both sides of the web. The yield point stress of σy = 353 N / mm 2 for both steel beams and steel pipes.
[0025]
FIG. 6 shows the axial strain ε of the steel pipe wall located in the oblique direction of the attached square steel pipe as a ratio of the yield point strain εy, the compression side and the tension side, the side closer to the web surface, and the far side They are all approximately the same size, and are approximately proportional to shear deformation up to the maximum load point of the steel beam.
[0026]
FIG. 7 is a deformation view of the steel beam at the maximum load point as viewed from the front. The deformation is enlarged three times, but the amount of deformation of the opening in the oblique direction at that time is the opening diameter. Therefore, there is no problem with the piping passing through the opening.
[0027]
FIG. 8 shows an analysis result when a bending shear load is applied to a steel beam having a shear span ratio of 3 when an opening is provided near the end of the material. The vertical axis indicates the bending moment M at the center of the steel beam. The ratio of the plastic moment Mp is used, and the horizontal axis represents the bending rotation angle θ as the ratio of the plastic rotation angle θp.
[0028]
In this analysis as well, the span and force application method are different, the opening diameter of the steel beam, the cross-sectional dimensions of the square steel pipe, the material, etc. are the same as in the above analysis example, but the plastic deformation performance of the steel beam by this reinforcing structure is open. It can be seen that it is not inferior to the beam, but rather improved.
[0029]
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the deformation of the above-described analysis example. The deformation at θ / θp = 10 is expanded three times and expressed as a numerical analysis mesh. Apart from that, it can be seen that local buckling has developed in the compression flange of the steel beam subjected to bending.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, a reinforcing metal fitting that is a square steel pipe is fastened to the web surface so that the steel pipe wall is obliquely crossed with the material axis of the steel beam so as to surround the periphery of the opening of the steel beam, and the shear force load lost from the opening Minutes are transmitted by the axial force in the oblique direction generated in the steel pipe wall, and a reinforcing structure having mechanical properties close to that of a steel beam without an opening is obtained.
[0031]
This also makes the setting of the opening position in the steel beam relatively free, and it is also possible at the end of the steel beam material where plasticization is expected, which was avoided by the conventional reinforcement method. By being attached, the plastic deformation function at the end of the steel beam can be effectively exhibited.
[0032]
Reinforcing brackets, which are square steel pipes, can also be easily attached by fillet welding at the center of the web surface, making the work and costs required for production significantly shorter, such as being shorter than the welding length of conventional reinforcement methods. Can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and is a front view of a steel beam in the vicinity of an opening and an AA cross-sectional view passing through the center of the opening.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention, and is a front view of a steel beam in the vicinity of the opening and a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA passing through the center of the opening.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram regarding the function and effect of the reinforcing metal fitting corresponding to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing an analysis result of a steel beam when subjected to a pure shear force in order to see the reinforcing effect of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing strain generated in a reinforcing metal fitting in the analysis.
FIG. 7 is a deformation view seen from the front of the steel beam in the vicinity of the maximum load point in the analysis.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing an analysis result of a steel beam when subjected to a bending shear force in order to see the reinforcing effect of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of deformation after the material end of the steel beam is plastically deformed in the analysis.
FIG. 10 is a typical view of a conventional reinforcing plate method, which is a front view of a steel beam and a cross-sectional view taken along line AA.
FIG. 11 is a typical view of a conventional reinforcing truss method, which is a front view of a steel beam and a cross-sectional view along AA.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Steel beam 2 Web 3 Flange 4 Opening 5 Square steel pipe 6 Sleeve steel pipe 7 Reinforcement plate 8 Rib plate

Claims (1)

ウェブの上下にフランジを有する鋼梁について前記ウェブの任意の部位に一個乃至複数個の円形孔を穿った場合の鋼梁開口部の補強構造であって、角形鋼管を所定の長さに切断した略正方形となる金具の四辺が鋼梁の材軸と略45度に斜交するように開口部毎に取り囲み、鋼梁のフランジと実質的に止め付けることなくウェブの両面乃至片面に添接して固着し、開口部を設けることにより失われる鋼梁ウェブのせん断力負担分を金具の四辺に生ずる斜め方向の軸力で伝達するようにしたことを特徴とする開口部補強構造。  A steel beam opening reinforcing structure in the case where one or a plurality of circular holes are formed in an arbitrary part of the web with respect to a steel beam having flanges on the upper and lower sides of the web, wherein the square steel pipe is cut to a predetermined length Surrounding each opening so that the four sides of the substantially square metal fitting obliquely intersect the steel beam's material axis at approximately 45 degrees, and are attached to both sides or one side of the web without substantially fastening to the flange of the steel beam. An opening reinforcement structure characterized by transmitting a shearing force share of a steel beam web that is lost by fixing and providing an opening by an axial force in an oblique direction generated on four sides of the metal fitting.
JP2001301621A 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Steel beam opening reinforcement structure Expired - Fee Related JP4396804B2 (en)

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JP6038550B2 (en) * 2012-08-28 2016-12-07 岡部株式会社 Reinforcement structure of steel beam made of H-shaped steel
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