JP4387433B2 - Low cost and high performance water intake equipment and continuous siphon applicable to this - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a water intake facility, and in particular, relates to a function improvement of a gateless selective water intake facility using air used in a reservoir or the like.

Patent No. 3339023 gazette FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a gateless water intake facility that opens and closes a water intake port using air, and FIG. 2 shows an opening and closing mechanism of the facility of FIG. FIG. 1 is a citation of FIG. 5 in Japanese Patent No. 3339023 and shows the invention of the patent.

  The conventional gateless intake system has the reverse U-shaped intake pipes (hereinafter referred to as U-shaped) as many as necessary to selectively take water between the highest water level 1 and the lowest water level 2 shown in Fig. 1 (a). (Referred to as a pipe) is placed in a water tower, and water is taken in using the difference in water level between the reservoir and the tower tank 4. The U-tube is opened and closed as follows. The air 9 stored in the pressure accumulator 6 shown in FIG. 2 is sent to the U-tube 3 through the air supply / exhaust pipe 8 by opening the injection valve 7, so that the air 9 pushes down the water 10 and the water surface 11 is formed. This closes the U-tube. Hereinafter, this state is referred to as an air lock state. If the release valve 12 is opened with the injection valve 7 closed, the air 9 in the U-shaped tube 3 is released into the atmosphere, the water surface 11 disappears, and the U-shaped tube 3 is opened, so that the reservoir and tower If there is a difference in the water level in the tank 4, the water flow will start.

  Even if the release valve 12 is opened, when the water level of the reservoir is low and the air 9 cannot be removed and the water surface 11 is not eliminated, the vacuum pump 13 is operated to completely extract the air 9. In order to perform the above operation, it is necessary to constantly grasp the height of the water surface 11, and the water surface sensor 15 is attached to the air supply / exhaust pipe 8 drawn into the machine room 14. Since the pressure in the air supply / exhaust pipe 8 is equal to the pressure of the air 9, the air pressure can be measured by the sensor 15 to know the height of the water surface 11.

  The problem to be solved by the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 are for explaining the technical problems of the equipment of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a distribution of water temperature and turbidity in the reservoir, and FIG. 4 is a circular shape that is the improvement target of the function in the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the functional limits of the equipment shown in FIG.

Conventional gateless water intake facilities have the following problems.
1. The degree of freedom in selecting the intake position in the depth direction of the reservoir is limited.
The water intake position in the depth direction of the reservoir is determined by the position of the U-shaped pipe 3, and for example, water cannot be taken at an intermediate position between the U-shaped pipe and the U-shaped pipe. There are various needs for selective water intake. The most common needs are water quality countermeasures, and the contents include examples such as muddy water countermeasures, cold water countermeasures, hot water countermeasures, eutrophication countermeasures, and mineral poisoning countermeasures. Fig. 3 shows an example of the water quality of the reservoir, where a is the water temperature distribution in the summer and b is the turbidity distribution during the flooding, showing that the distribution varies greatly in the depth direction of the reservoir. The basic idea of water quality countermeasures is to bring the quality of water discharged from the reservoir close to that of the river flowing into the reservoir at that time. Since the influent water quality, the water quality distribution of the reservoir, and the water storage level change every moment, the function of arbitrarily selecting the intake position of the discharged water may be required for the intake equipment accordingly. FIG. 4 shows a circular multi-stage water intake facility having such a function. The position of the water intake 16 of the water intake facility can be freely selected by expansion and contraction of the telescopic circular multistage gate 17. However, such a function cannot be expected from a conventional gateless water intake facility. FIG. 5 shows the density limit when the stagnation opening of the U-shaped tube 3 is arranged in the depth direction of the reservoir. This is because, in the conventional gateless water intake equipment, a gap is generated between the adjacent U-shaped tubes 3 and U-shaped tubes 3 as indicated by X in FIG.

  This invention was made | formed in order to solve the said subject, and it aims at providing the intake equipment provided with the function which can select arbitrarily the intake position of discharge water.

This invention is a continuous siphon configured by stacking a plurality of siphon water channels each including a stagnation mouth that is an inlet of water, a top portion of a siphon that is higher than the stagnation mouth, and a spout that is an outlet of water. There,
By stacking three or more siphon floors each having an inverted V-shaped cross section and forming the siphon channel between the adjacent siphon floors, a gap is formed between the squeezing mouths of the adjacent siphon channels. It is something that does not produce.
In addition, although the said continuous siphon is applicable to a gateless water intake equipment, it is applicable not only to this but the use of taking in the fluid or the object equivalent to this from the inlet side (water intake side) and sending it out to the other.

The siphon floor includes an upstream foot plate and a downstream foot plate constituting the inverted V-shaped cross section,
The upstream foot plate is provided on the side of the squeezing mouth, the downstream foot plate is provided on the side of the spout, and the upstream foot plate and the downstream foot plate are mutually close in the vicinity of the apex of the inverted V-shaped cross section. You may touch.
For example, the upstream foot plate and the downstream foot plate intersect with the cross-sectional axis at angles of λ1 and λ2, respectively, and the angles λ1 and λ2 with respect to the cross-sectional axis of the upstream foot plate and the downstream foot plate are the same, Or it is different.
The cross-sectional axis is a reference axis of the siphon floor. The angle between the cross-sectional axis and the upstream foot plate 20 is λ1, and the angle with the downstream foot plate 21 is λ2. When a plurality of siphon floors are stacked, the cross-sectional axes of the siphon floors are located on the same straight line.

  The siphon floor may further include a water guide plate provided below the apex of the inverted V-shaped cross section.

The siphon floor may be configured as follows.
(1) The cross section of the water guide plate is arcuate or linear, or the water guide plate is omitted.
(2) End portions of the upstream foot plate and the downstream foot plate are formed in an arc shape or a linear shape in the vicinity of the vertex of the inverted V-shaped cross section.
(3) The angles λ1 and λ2 with respect to the cross-sectional axes of the upstream foot plate and the downstream foot plate are made the same or different.
You may make it combine said (1)-(3) arbitrarily.

  In addition, a flow guide portion may be provided on the siphon floor on the intake side, and the upstream foot plate may be provided so as to be continuous with the flow guide portion.

Embodiment 1 of the Invention
The gateless water intake equipment according to the embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
6A shows a cross-sectional shape of the siphon floor according to the invention of the present application, and FIG. 6B shows how the siphon floors are overlapped when a continuous siphon is formed using the siphon floor.

  6A, the siphon floor 18 is composed of a flow guide portion 19 made of a straight line and an arc, an upstream foot plate 20, a water guide plate 22 made of an arc, and a downstream foot plate 21 in order from the left side of the cross-sectional view. Is done. The upstream foot plate 20 and the downstream foot plate 21 intersect so as to form an inverted V shape, and have an inclination angle of λ1 and λ2, respectively, with respect to the cross-sectional axis 23 as shown in the figure, and in the example of FIG. λ2 is equal. In FIG. 6B, three or more siphon floors 18 having the same shape are stacked so that (1) the cross-sectional axes 23 form a common straight line and (2) are at regular intervals. A continuous siphon 27 having a plurality of siphon channels passing through the siphon top 25 and the spout 26 is formed.

  As shown in FIG. 6B, a siphon channel is formed between the adjacent siphon floors 18 by stacking the siphon floors 18 in FIG. This siphon waterway corresponds to the conventional U-shaped tube 3. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 6B with FIG. 5, according to the structure of FIG. 6, the X portion (gap) of FIG. 5 does not occur. Therefore, in the structure of FIG. 6, the water intake position can be made continuous, and the water intake position of the discharged water can be arbitrarily selected.

It supplements about Fig.6 (a). A water guide plate 22 is located between the upstream foot plate 20 and the downstream foot plate 21. The water guide plate 22 is in smooth contact with the upstream foot plate 20 and the downstream foot plate 21, respectively. The lower side of the flow guide portion 19, the lower side of the upstream foot plate 20, the lower side of the circular water guide plate 22, and the lower side of the downstream foot plate 21 constitute an upper surface (ceiling) of the siphon water channel. The upper side of the flow guide portion 19, the upper side of the upstream foot plate 20, and the upper side of the downstream foot plate 21 constitute the lower surface (floor) of the siphon water channel. Thus, since the elements 19 to 22 constituting the siphon floor 18 function as both the ceiling and the floor of the siphon waterway, no gap is generated between the siphon waterways. Note that the substantially triangular portion (the top portion of the intake pipe) surrounded by the lower side of the upstream foot plate 20, the upper side of the water guide plate 22 made of an arc and the lower side of the downstream foot plate 21 is used as an air duct, for example. it can.
The siphon floor 18 is supported by a support member (not shown) and the side surface thereof is hermetically sealed, so that a siphon water channel is formed by two adjacent siphon floors 18.

  FIGS. 7 to 10 show an example of how to install a continuous siphon in a reservoir, and FIG. 11 shows an example of the shape of a water conveyance section when water is taken at a relatively high speed.

  7 shows an example in which the continuous siphon 27 is installed in front of the reservoir body 28, FIG. 8 shows an example in which the continuous siphon 27 is installed inside the reservoir body 28, and FIG. 9 shows the continuous siphon 27 in the reservoir. FIG. 10 shows an example in which the continuous siphon 27 is installed on a slope 30 provided on a natural ground in the reservoir.

  FIG. 11 shows an example of the shape and structure of the flow guide portion 19 when the inflow speed of the stagnation opening 24 is high and there is a concern about instability of flowing water and a large head loss. In addition, when the flow velocity is small and there is no concern about stability and large head loss, the flow guide portion 19 may be linear, or the flow guide portion 19 may be missing depending on the purpose of the water intake equipment.

  In FIG. 11, the tip (open end) of the flow guide portion 19 spreads out in a curved line (for example, spreads in a trumpet shape). Therefore, although a gap is generated in part, the water intake position can be arbitrarily selected because the opening surface is continuous.

  According to the first embodiment of the invention, the following operational effects are obtained.

1. The water intake position in the depth direction of the reservoir can be freely selected in practice.
As shown in FIG. 6B, in the continuous siphon 27, since the stagnation openings 24 are continuously arranged in the depth direction, the continuous siphon 27 having a sufficient number of stages is installed in the required height range as shown in FIG. By doing so, it is possible to take water from the range of the reservoir from the full water level to the lowest water level.

The circular multi-stage gate 17 shown in FIG. 4 has the function of taking water from any depth from the surface of the reservoir to the lowest water level.
(A) Since the water temperature of the surface layer shown in FIG. 3 (a) is higher than the inflowing river water, there is no reason to selectively take this part.
(A) FIG. 3 (a) shows the water temperature distribution, and FIG. 3 (b) shows the turbidity distribution, but the appropriate depth of the water intake position for these is usually quite wide. Therefore, if the number of stages of the continuous siphon 27 is sufficiently secured, it is possible to select a water intake position that satisfies the two requirements.

  In FIG. 6 (a), if λ1 and λ2 are too large, the number of stages of the continuous siphon 27 increases. However, the cross-sectional shape of the siphon floor 18 becomes longer in the horizontal direction. Although the cross-sectional shape of the floor 18 is reduced in the lateral direction, it is not preferable because the number of steps of the continuous siphon 27 is reduced. The optimum values of λ1 and λ2 are considered to vary depending on the conditions. From trial calculations in some cases, when continuous siphons 27 are stacked vertically as shown in FIG. 7, λ1 = λ2 = 30 °. As shown in FIG. 10, it is considered that λ1 = λ2 = 15 ° when the layers are inclined at about 45 °.

2. Construction costs are significantly reduced compared to circular multistage gates.
The degree of freedom in selecting the intake position of the conventional circular multi-stage gate 17 shown in FIG. 4 is practically the same as that of the present invention, but the construction cost of the intake equipment using the continuous siphon 27 is circular multi-stage. It is about 1/3 to 4/5 of the expression gate 17. The siphon floor of FIG. 6 relating to the present invention is a cost achieved including factors that are not directly related to the present invention, such as a small screen area, a small number of moving structures and machines, and use of commercially available standard equipment. 18 and the reason why the cost of the continuous siphon 27 is low.

(1) In FIG. 6B, the siphon floor 18 of the siphon channel that passes through the stagnation mouth 24, the siphon top 25, and the spout 26 also serves as the ceiling of the lower siphon channel.
(2) Since the stagnation openings 24 are continuously arranged in FIG. 6 (b), when the amount of water intake is large, water can be taken from a plurality of stagnation openings, and the equipment can be downsized.
(3) The siphon floor 18 shown in FIG. 6A can be constituted by a member having the minimum plate thickness necessary for construction for the following reason.
(A) The magnitude of the applied load is conditionally gentle because the horizontal direction is equal to the difference between the water storage level and the water level in the tower 4 of FIG. 1, and the vertical direction is equal to the amount of water removed by the air.
(A) The cross section of the siphon floor 18 shown in FIG. 6a is a cross section of the beam carrying the applied load, and the cross section rigidity is large.
(4) The siphon floor 18 is a structure that does not move, and the machining accuracy may be low.

Embodiment 2 of the Invention
12 to 15 are embodiments for reducing the construction cost of the V-shaped tube (continuous siphon).
FIG. 12 shows an example in which the water guide plate 22 has a straight cross section. FIG. 13 shows an example in which the water guide plate 22 is removed from FIG. FIG. 14 shows an example in which the upstream foot plate 20 and the downstream foot plate 21 of FIG. 13 are changed to straight sections. FIG. 15 shows an example in which different values are given to the two angles λ1 and λ2 sandwiching the sectional axis 23.

  FIGS. 12 to 14 show an embodiment suitable when the flow velocity in the siphon channel is relatively small, and the cost is reduced by simplifying the member shape at the expense of energy loss due to the flow. In FIG. 12, the loss head is slightly increased by the use of the linear water guide plate 22, but the cost is reduced by simplifying the members. FIG. 13 realizes cost reduction due to omission of the water guide plate 22. Since the cross-sectional shape of the siphon channel changes greatly, the loss head increases as compared with FIG. In FIG. 14, cost reduction is realized by simplifying the shapes of the upstream foot plate 20 and the downstream foot plate 21. Compared to FIG. 13, the loss head is further increased.

  FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which the size of the continuous siphon is reduced by hydraulic improvement. As shown in the figure, when λ1 <λ2, the flow velocity in the downstream foot decreases, and there is a possibility that the size of the continuous siphon can be reduced by reducing the head loss, and when λ1> λ2, the water surface in the upstream foot There is a possibility that downsizing will reduce the size of the continuous siphon. By combining the examples of FIGS. 12 to 15, the cost can be reduced accordingly.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say.

It is a general view of the conventional gateless water intake equipment which opens and closes a water intake port using air. It is a figure which shows the opening-and-closing mechanism of the installation of FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the distribution of water temperature and turbidity in the reservoir. FIG. 4 is an overall view of a conventional circular multistage intake system. It is explanatory drawing of the functional limit (density limit of a mouth opening) of the installation of FIG. FIG. 6A shows a cross-sectional shape of the siphon floor according to the first embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 6B shows the overlapping of the siphon floors when forming a continuous siphon using the siphon floor of FIG. It is explanatory drawing (sectional drawing) of a direction. It is a figure which shows the example which installed the continuous siphon which concerns on Embodiment 1 of invention in the front surface of the bank body of a reservoir. It is a figure which shows the example which installed the continuous siphon which concerns on Embodiment 1 of invention in the inside of the bank body of a reservoir. It is a figure which shows the example which installed the continuous siphon which concerns on Embodiment 1 of invention in the independent intake tower provided in the reservoir. It is a figure which shows the example which installed the continuous siphon which concerns on Embodiment 1 of invention on the slope provided in the natural ground in a reservoir. It is a figure which shows the example in the case of applying the continuous siphon which concerns on Embodiment 1 of invention to the flow guide part in case the inflow speed of a stagnation mouth is quick, and the instability of flowing water and a big head loss are concerned. It is a figure which shows the siphon floor (example which made the water guide plate the linear cross section) which concerns on Embodiment 2 of invention. It is a figure which shows the siphon floor (example which removed the water guide plate) which concerns on Embodiment 2 of invention. It is a figure which shows the siphon floor (example which changed the upstream foot board and the downstream foot board into the linear cross section) which concerns on Embodiment 2 of invention. It is a figure which shows the siphon floor (Example which gave the different value to two angles (lambda) 1 and (lambda) 2 which pinches | interposes a cross-sectional axis) concerning Embodiment 2 of invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water utilization highest water level 2 Water utilization minimum water level 3 U-shaped pipe 4 Tower tank 5 Squeezer 6 Accumulator tank 7 Inlet valve 8 Supply / exhaust pipe 9 Air in the top of U-shaped pipe 10 Water 11 in U-shaped pipe Water 10 generated by the presence of air 9 Water level 12 Release valve 13 Vacuum pump 14 Machine room 15 Water level sensor 16 Mouth port 17 of circular multi-stage water intake facility Circular multi-stage gate 18 of circular multi-stage water intake facility Siphon floor 19 Current transfer section 20 Upstream foot plate 21 Downstream foot plate 22 Water guide plate 23 Cross-section axis 24 Mouth mouth 25 Siphon top 26 Spout 27 Continuous siphon

Claims (6)

A continuous siphon configured by stacking a plurality of siphon water channels each including a water inlet that is a water inlet, a siphon top that is higher than the water mouth, and a water outlet that is a water outlet,
By stacking three or more siphon floors each having an inverted V-shaped cross section and forming the siphon channel between the adjacent siphon floors, a gap is formed between the squeezing mouths of the adjacent siphon channels. Continuous siphon characterized by not producing The siphon floor includes an upstream foot plate and a downstream foot plate constituting the inverted V-shaped cross section,
The upstream foot plate is provided on the side of the squeezing mouth, the downstream foot plate is provided on the side of the spout, and the upstream foot plate and the downstream foot plate are mutually close in the vicinity of the apex of the inverted V-shaped cross section. The continuous siphon according to claim 1, wherein the continuous siphon is in contact.   The continuous siphon according to claim 2, wherein the siphon floor further includes a water guide plate provided below the apex of the inverted V-shaped cross section. A plurality of siphon water channels for selectively taking water, each including a water inlet that is a water inlet, a top portion of a siphon that is higher than the water outlet, and a water outlet that is a water outlet, and the siphon water channel A supply / exhaust pipe connected near the top of the siphon, injection means for injecting air into the siphon water path through the supply / exhaust pipe for closing the siphon water path, and the supply / exhaust pipe for opening the siphon water path In a gateless water intake facility provided with exhaust means for exhausting air through
By stacking three or more siphon floors each having an inverted V-shaped cross section and forming the siphon channel between the adjacent siphon floors, a gap is formed between the squeezing mouths of the adjacent siphon channels. Water intake equipment characterized by the formation of a continuous siphon that does not cause any problems. The siphon floor includes an upstream foot plate and a downstream foot plate constituting the inverted V-shaped cross section,
The upstream foot plate is provided on the side of the squeezing mouth, the downstream foot plate is provided on the side of the spout, and the upstream foot plate and the downstream foot plate are mutually close in the vicinity of the apex of the inverted V-shaped cross section. Touching,
The water intake facility according to claim 4, wherein a flow guide portion is provided on the siphon floor on the side of the stagnation mouth, and the upstream foot plate is provided so as to be continuous with the flow guide portion.   The water intake facility according to claim 5, wherein the siphon floor further includes a water guide plate provided below the apex of the inverted V-shaped cross section.

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