JP4386340B2 - Three-dimensional knitting - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional knitted fabric excellent in cushioning and holding properties, having a stable seating comfort and excellent in design. In particular, as a cushion material for a hammock-type seat seat in which a three-dimensional knitted fabric is stretched on a frame to form a seat and / or a back, such as an automobile, a railway vehicle, an aircraft, a child seat, a stroller, a wheelchair, furniture, an office chair, etc. The present invention relates to a three-dimensional knitted fabric suitably used for a seat, a cushion material using the three-dimensional knitted fabric, a seat seat, and a seat.

Conventionally, a urethane cushion material in which urethane foam is covered with a skin material has been used as a cushion material, but in recent years, a three-dimensional knitted fabric composed of two layers of front and back knitted fabrics and connecting yarns connecting the two layers of knitted fabrics. However, it is being applied to seat seat materials and the like as cushion materials having functions such as recyclability, air permeability, and vibration absorption.
For example, a seat has been proposed in which a three-dimensional knitted fabric having a certain degree of tensile strength and elongation in which an upper mesh layer and a lower mesh layer are joined with a connecting yarn is stretched around a seat frame (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, this three-dimensional knitted fabric is easy to bend and stretch when the person is sitting, so that a suitable fit can be obtained, but deformation of the front and back stitches or mesh shape deformation that occurs when stretching The fiber-to-fiber misalignment is difficult to return instantaneously, the bending does not recover, and the rebound feeling when repeatedly sitting down gradually decreases, so the cushioning properties are not fully satisfied. In addition, since it does not consider the initial vertical and horizontal tensile stress characteristics and the stretch balance of the front and back knitted fabrics, for example, when using a three-dimensional knitted fabric with two sides stretched, it is fixed when seated. The shape changes due to the width in the direction that does not exist, causing a sense of incongruity (for example, the feeling that the knitted fabric swells and sits on a foreign object at the bottom of the buttocks), and the sinking of the body increases, impairing sitting comfort There was a problem.

In addition, by inserting insertion threads linearly into the front and back surfaces of the three-dimensional structure knitted fabric, even if the three-dimensional structure knitted material is bent due to a load acting in a substantially vertical direction, the recoverability after releasing the load has been improved. In addition, a three-dimensional knitted fabric for seats with little change in rebound has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 3). However, although this three-dimensional knitted fabric has improved resilience in cushioning and recovery, when the three-dimensional knitted fabric is used with two sides stretched, the initial vertical and horizontal tensile stress characteristics and the front and back knitting Since there is no consideration for the stretch balance of the ground, there is a problem that the feeling of bottoming due to insufficient cushioning of the connecting thread cannot be eliminated, and stable seating comfort cannot be obtained due to insufficient holdability. there were. Further, since the knitting design such as the insertion structure and the use of yarn is not sufficiently taken into consideration, wrinkles are easily generated in the three-dimensional knitted fabric and the appearance is poor. Furthermore, a three-dimensional knitted fabric having a design property enhanced by printing while having such characteristics has not been proposed yet.
JP 2001-87077 A JP 2002-219985 A JP 2003-003354 A

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, to have a moderate rebound and a cushioning feeling without bottoming, to have excellent holdability, and to have a stable sitting comfort that does not go into the width, and to look good The present invention provides a three-dimensional knitted fabric excellent in design characteristics, particularly a three-dimensional knitted fabric suitable for a seat stretched on a frame to form a seat and / or a back, a cushion material using the three-dimensional knitted fabric, a seat and a seat. It is in.

As a result of diligent study in view of the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that the tensile characteristics of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, the balance of the surface elongation of the front knitted fabric and the back knitted fabric when the three-dimensional knitted fabric is separated, the tension compression characteristics, It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by specifying the fiber material and fiber form used for the three-dimensional knitted fabric, the knitting method of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, the inlay compression characteristics, and the like, and the present invention has been achieved.
That is, the invention claimed in the present application is as follows.

(1) A three-dimensional knitted fabric having front and back two layers of knitted fabric and monofilament connecting yarns connecting the two layers of knitted fabric . is a combination tissue with tricot knitting of vibration, and the vertical direction of one of the knitted fabric of the front and back two-layer, the inserting yarn is inserted in a straight line or a zigzag shape, also in the longitudinal direction of the stereo knitted 5 The stress (A) at% elongation is 40 to 300 N / 4 cm width, the ratio (A / B) to the stress (B) at 5% elongation in the horizontal direction is 1.5 to 15.0, 2 sides A three-dimensional knitted fabric characterized by having a width ratio (H) of 0-15% during tension compression by fixing, and at least one of the front and back two layers of the knitted fabric being printed.
(2) The surface stretch rate (F) of the front knitted fabric is 4.5 to 15%, and the ratio (F / B) to the surface stretch rate (B) of the back side knitted fabric is 3.6 to 10.0. The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to (1), wherein
( 3 ) The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to (1) or 2 , wherein the dry heat shrinkage of the ground yarn constituting the back side knitted fabric is 5 to 20%.
( 4 ) The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to ( 3 ), wherein a ground yarn constituting the back side knitted fabric is a raw yarn.
( 5 ) An insertion thread is inserted into the ground structure constituting the back side knitted fabric with a swing width of 3 stitches or less per course in the same direction or in the opposite direction with respect to the underlap direction of the tricot knitting of the ground structure. The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein
( 6 ) The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to ( 5 ), wherein the inlay compression elastic modulus of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is 20 to 150 N / mm.
( 7 ) The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to ( 6 ), wherein the connecting yarn is a polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber.
( 8 ) The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to (1), wherein the insertion yarn is a polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber.
( 9 ) A cushion material configured using the three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of (1) to ( 8 ).
( 10 ) The seat according to ( 9 ), wherein the cushion material forms a back part and / or a seat part.
( 11 ) The vehicle seat according to ( 10 ).

  The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is printed with the stress at the time of 5% elongation in the vertical or horizontal direction and its stress ratio being appropriately set, so that the wrinkles are not noticeable and the appearance is good. Is used as a cushioning material for a seat, there is no feeling of bottoming after sitting, a good rebounding cushioning property is obtained, and a holding property with a human body is excellent. In particular, by using this three-dimensional knitted fabric for a seat that is stretched on a two-side fixed frame to form a seat and / or a back, a stable sitting comfort with no change in form due to the width and excellent design characteristics are achieved. Can be granted.

The present invention will be specifically described below.
The three-dimensional knitted fabric in the present invention has two layers of front and back knitted fabrics (front knitted fabric and back knitted fabric) and monofilament connecting yarns connecting the two knitted fabrics, and the warp direction or the horizontal direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric The stress (A) at 5% elongation in the larger direction (A direction) is 40 to 300 N / 4 cm width, preferably 70 to 270 N / 4 cm width, more preferably 100 to 250 N / 4 cm width, and others The ratio (A / B) to the stress (B) at the time of 5% elongation in the direction (B direction) is 1.5 to 15.0, preferably 1.5 to 10.0, more preferably 2.0 to It must be 8.0. Here, the A direction means a direction in which the stress in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction is large at the time of 5% elongation.
If the stress at the time of 5% elongation in the A direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric exceeds 300 N / 4 cm, there will be less sinking when a person sits down, the seat surface of the three-dimensional knitted fabric will be difficult to fit on the human body, the texture will be hard and sit I feel uncomfortable. Also, if the stress at the time of 5% elongation in the A direction is less than 40 N / 4 cm width, the sinking at the time of sitting is large, the feeling of rebound from the moment of sitting is lowered, the feeling of bottoming is easy to feel, the recoverability is bad, Cushioning properties are reduced. In addition, the seating that is stretched with two sides fixed increases the width of the seat, and the saddle feels strange (for example, the knitted fabric swells at the bottom of the hip and feels like sitting on a foreign object). I can't get comfort. Further, when the stress ratio (A / B) at the time of 5% elongation in the A direction and the B direction is outside the range of 1.5 to 15.0, the holdability with the human body is inferior and the sitting comfort is lowered. When a three-dimensional knitted fabric is stretched with two sides fixed to form a seat, it is preferable to fix both sides in the A direction.

In the present invention, the width ratio (H) at the time of tension compression by fixing the two sides of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is preferably 0 to 15% from the viewpoint of improving the holdability at the time of sitting and eliminating the uncomfortable feeling on the buttocks. More preferably, it is 0 to 10%, and further preferably 0 to 5%. The closer to 0%, the more stable sitting comfort is obtained.
Further, the surface elongation ratio (F) of the front knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is 4 because the cushioning feeling in the thickness direction by the connecting yarn is maintained in a good state even when the three-dimensional knitted fabric is used as a hammock type seat sheet. The ratio (F / B) of the surface stretch rate (F) of the front side knitted fabric and the surface stretch rate (B) of the back side knitted fabric is 3.6 to 10.0. Preferably, it is 3.6 to 9.0, more preferably 4.0 to 8.0.
Here, the front side knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric means the side used for the front side in the final product, but if the final product is not clear, either side of the three-dimensional knitted fabric may be regarded as the front side. The surface elongation rate is a load of 245 N with a compression jig having a diameter of 100 mm in a perpendicular direction on a knitted ground in a state in which a three-dimensional knitted fabric is separated into a front knitted fabric and a back knitted fabric and each knitted fabric is stretched on a frame. A value indicating how much the knitted fabric stretches in the surface direction when applied. Furthermore, a hammock-type seat is a three-dimensional knitted fabric that is stretched or loosened around the three-dimensional knitted fabric or at least two sides of the three-dimensional knitted fabric. It is what forms the seat and / or the back.

If the surface stretch rate (F) of the front knitted fabric is less than 4.5%, in the seat stretched on the frame, the front knitted fabric mainly supports the weight of the person, and the cushioning feeling of the connecting thread of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is demonstrated. This makes it difficult to reduce the cushioning and holding properties. If the surface stretch rate of the front knitted fabric exceeds 15%, the front knitted fabric tends to stretch in the seat stretched on the frame, and the connecting yarn becomes unstable. With this, a feeling of bottoming is likely to occur, and the sitting comfort is likely to decrease.
Moreover, if the ratio (F / B) of the surface elongation ratio between the front side knitted fabric (F) and the back side knitted fabric (B) is a surface elongation balance within 3.6 to 10.0, the cushioning property by the connecting yarn is exhibited. Easy and comfortable to sit on. Such a ratio of the surface elongation ratio can be obtained, for example, by making the knitted structures different from each other without making the structures of the front knitted fabric and the back knitted fabric the same, and appropriately selecting the respective knitted structures and yarn use. Further, since it is easily influenced by the dry heat shrinkage rate of the yarn material, it is preferable that the surface stretch rate ratio of the knitted fabrics on the front and back sides is led to an appropriate range in consideration of the dry heat shrinkage rate and the knitting structure.
As the back side knitted fabric, in order to obtain a knitted fabric with relatively low elongation and good shape stability, a chain knitting is used for at least one fold and a knitted structure formed by two or more folds is used. Is preferred. Also, as the front knitted fabric, avoid a mesh structure with a large opening with an excessive elongation rate or a loose knitted structure with the use of a relatively fine yarn. For example, a tricot knitting with underlap of 2 stitches or less without using a chain knitting. It is preferable to use a knitted structure having a slight elongation rate centering on an atlas knitting or a mesh knitting of 6 or less course repeats.

In addition, in order to set the vertical and horizontal elongation stresses of the three-dimensional knitted fabric within an appropriate range, the initial tensile elastic modulus should be improved by appropriately selecting the composition of the two layers of the front and back surfaces, particularly the back surface knitted fabric. Is preferred. In order to improve the initial tensile elastic modulus, it is preferable to insert the insertion yarn in a straight line shape or a zigzag shape, particularly in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction of the back side knitted fabric. In the case of the warp direction, it is inserted between the needle loop and sinker loop of the ground yarn knitted with a structure such as chain knitting or tricot knitting with a swing width of 3 stitches or less per course, or the length of the three-dimensional knitted fabric It is preferable to insert the insertion yarn in a zigzag manner over the entire length of the three-dimensional knitted fabric while being inserted while moving up and down between the sinker loops of the ground yarn continuous in the direction. In the case of the horizontal direction, the insertion thread should be inserted in a form close to a straight line across the full width of the three-dimensional knitted fabric between the needle loop and sinker loop of the ground yarn knitted with a structure such as chain knitting or tricot knitting. preferable.
As for the insertion method of the insertion yarn, it can be inserted by a knitting structure as long as it is inserted in the vertical direction, and it is particularly preferable to insert it in a different direction with respect to the underlap direction of the connected structure. In order to reduce wrinkles, it is preferable to swing 3 stitches or less per course, and 2 or 3 swings are more preferable than 1 swing. If the insertion is in the horizontal direction, the weft can be inserted using a double raschel knitting machine equipped with a weft insertion device.

Furthermore, the dry heat shrinkage rate of the yarn used for the back side knitted fabric is preferably 5 to 20%, more preferably 10 to 20% from the viewpoint of improving the initial tensile elastic modulus. Further, it is more preferable to use a raw yarn (unprocessed yarn) having a dry heat shrinkage of 5 to 20% as at least one kind of yarn used for the back side knitted fabric.
As the knitting structure of the back side knitted fabric, in order to make a knitted fabric having relatively low elongation and good shape stability, a chain knitting is used for at least one heel, and an underwrap is 3 to 8 stitches on the other heel. It is preferable to use a knitted tricot knitting and to form a knitting structure formed of two or more ridges. In addition, since the three-dimensional knitted fabric is subjected to finish processing such as heat setting and printing in an integrated manner, it is preferable to select the knitting structures on the front and back sides in consideration of the overfeed rate and the width-extended state at the time of processing.
The back side knitted fabric plays the most important role of supporting the weight of a person, particularly in a seat in which a three-dimensional knitted fabric is stretched on a frame to form a seat and / or a back. When a three-dimensional knitted fabric is stretched and used in a tensioned or slackened state around or around at least two sides of the back or seat frame, the warp and transverse breaking strength of the back side knitted fabric is preferably 140 N / cm or more, more Preferably it is 150 N / cm or more, More preferably, it is 170 N / cm or more. If it is less than 140 N / cm, for example, in the case of a seat in which two sides of a three-dimensional knitted fabric are stretched on a frame, the three-dimensional knitted fabric is easily broken or plastically deformed when a high load is applied, such as an act of kneeling in a high temperature environment. Become.
In order to make the warp and transverse breaking strength of the back side knitted fabric 140 N / cm or more, it is preferable to use at least a fiber having a high strength of 4 cN / dtex or more, more preferably 5 cN / dtex or more and a total fineness of 300 dtex or more. It is preferable to use 20% by weight.

  In the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention, a monofilament yarn is used as a connecting yarn for connecting two layers of the front and back layers. When three-dimensional knitting is knitted using a double raschel knitting machine, double circular knitting machine, flat knitting machine, etc., the connecting yarn that connects the front and back knitted fabrics is always knitted in a curved state in either direction, and the connection When a force is applied to the yarn from the thickness direction, the already bent state is further bent, and when the force is removed, the original state is restored. Since the bending and recovery behavior of the connecting yarn that occurs at this time greatly affects the cushioning properties of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, it is preferable to use a monofilament with high bending rigidity for the connecting yarn. This cushioning property is also reflected when a three-dimensional knitted fabric is used as a hammock-type seat. Therefore, all the connecting yarns of the three-dimensional knitted fabric are preferably monofilaments, but if necessary, fibers other than the monofilaments may be knitted at the time of knitting. The fibers other than the monofilament in that case preferably have a weight mixing ratio in the connecting yarn of 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less. For example, when a multifilament false twist yarn is knitted, it is possible to reduce generation of annoying sound that occurs when the monofilaments rub against each other during compression.

As the monofilament used for the connecting yarn, any material such as polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polyamide fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyester elastomer fiber can be used. The use of polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber is preferable because a cushioning property with elasticity is obtained, and the durability of the cushioning property after repeated or long-time compression becomes good.
In addition, as fibers used for the two-layer knitted fabric or insertion yarn of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, polyester elastomer fiber, polyamide fiber, polyacryl fiber, Examples thereof include synthetic fibers such as polypropylene fibers, natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, and wool, recycled fibers such as cupra rayon, viscose rayon, and lyocell, and other arbitrary fibers.
The cross-sectional shape of the fiber may be round, triangular, L-shaped, T-shaped, Y-shaped, W-shaped, Yaba-shaped, flat-shaped, dog-bone-shaped, etc., multi-leafed, hollow, or irregular Good. The form of the fiber may be any of unprocessed yarn, spun yarn, twisted yarn, false twisted yarn, fluid injection processed yarn and the like. In order to increase the coverage so that the monofilaments of the connecting yarn are not exposed on the surface of the knitted fabric, it is preferable to use a bulky yarn such as a multifilament false twisted yarn or a spun yarn on at least one side of the three-dimensional knitted fabric. Use of a composite yarn such as side-by-side is preferable because stretchability and recoverability are further improved.
It is preferable that the three-dimensional knitted fabric is composed of 100% polyester fibers for the front and back yarns and the connecting yarn because recycling can be performed to return to the monomer by depolymerization at the time of disposal, and generation of harmful gas can be prevented even if incinerated.

The polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber preferably used in the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is a polyester fiber having a trimethylene terephthalate unit as a main repeating unit, and the trimethylene terephthalate unit is about 50 mol% or more, preferably 70 mol% or more. Means 80 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% or more. Accordingly, the total amount of the other acid component and / or glycol component as the third component is in the range of about 50 mol% or less, preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or less, and even more preferably 10 mol% or less. Includes included polytrimethylene terephthalate.
The strength of the polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber is 2 to 5 cN / dtex, preferably 2.5 to 4.5 cN / dtex, more preferably 3 to 4.5 cN / dtex. Further, the elongation is 30 to 60%, preferably 35 to 55%, and more preferably 40 to 55%. The elastic modulus is 30 cN / dtex or less, preferably 10 to 30 cN / dtex, more preferably 12 to 28 cN / dtex, and particularly preferably 15 to 25 cN / dtex. Further, the elastic recovery rate at 10% elongation is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more.

Polytrimethylene terephthalate is synthesized by combining terephthalic acid or a functional derivative thereof with trimethylene glycol or a functional derivative thereof in the presence of a catalyst under suitable reaction conditions. In this synthesis process, a suitable one or two or more third components may be added to form a copolyester. Polyesters other than polytrimethylene terephthalate such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, nylon and polytrimethylene. After methylene terephthalate is synthesized separately, it may be blended or composite spun (sheath core, side-by-side, etc.).
With respect to composite spinning, the first component is a polytrimer as exemplified in Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-19108, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-189923, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-239927, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-256918, and the like. It is methylene terephthalate, and the second component is compound-spun into a side-by-side type or an eccentric seascore type in which polyesters such as polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and nylon are arranged in parallel or eccentrically. It is done. In particular, a combination of polytrimethylene terephthalate and copolymerized polytrimethylene terephthalate or a combination of two types of polytrimethylene terephthalate having different intrinsic viscosities is preferable, and in particular, an intrinsic viscosity such as exemplified in JP-A No. 2000-239927 can be used. Using two different types of polytrimethylene terephthalate, a composite spun into a side-by-side type with a curved joint surface so that the low-viscosity side wraps around the high-viscosity side combines high stretchability and bulkiness. Especially preferred.

The third component to be added includes aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (oxalic acid, adipic acid, etc.), alicyclic dicarboxylic acids (cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, etc.), aromatic dicarboxylic acids (isophthalic acid, sodium sulfoisophthalic acid, etc.), fat Aliphatic glycols (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, etc.), alicyclic glycols (cyclohexanedimethanol, etc.), aliphatic glycols containing aromatics (1,4-bis (β-hydroxyethoxy) benzene Etc.), polyether glycol (polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol etc.), aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid (ω-oxycaproic acid etc.), aromatic oxycarboxylic acid (P-oxybenzoic acid etc.) and the like. A compound having one or three or more ester-forming functional groups (benzoic acid or the like or glycerin or the like) can also be used as long as the polymer is substantially linear.
In addition, matting agents such as titanium dioxide, stabilizers such as phosphoric acid, ultraviolet absorbers such as hydroxybenzophenone derivatives, crystallization nucleating agents such as talc, easy lubricants such as aerosil, antioxidants such as hindered phenol derivatives, difficulty A flame retardant, antistatic agent, pigment, fluorescent whitening agent, infrared absorber, antifoaming agent, and the like may be contained.

The spinning of polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber is described in, for example, the pamphlet of International Publication No. 99/27168, and after obtaining an undrawn yarn at a winding speed of about 1500 m / min, it is about 2 to 3.5 times. Any of a method of twisting, a straight-rolling method (spin draw method) in which the spinning and drawing steps are directly connected, and a high-speed spinning method (spin take-up method) with a winding speed of 5000 m / min or more may be adopted.
Moreover, the monofilament of a polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber can be manufactured by the method described in the international publication 01/75200 pamphlet, for example. That is, polytrimethylene terephthalate is discharged from the nozzle, quenched in a cooling bath, wound up with a first roll, then wound up with a second roll while being stretched in warm water or a dry heat atmosphere, and then dried. In a hot atmosphere or a moist heat atmosphere, it can be manufactured by a method of relaxing by overfeeding and winding with a third roll.
The form of the fiber may be long fiber or short fiber, and may be uniform or thick in the length direction. In the cross section, a round shape is preferable for improving the durability of the cushioning property of the three-dimensional knitted fabric.

The fibers used for the two layers of the front and back knitted fabric and connecting yarn are cheese, corn, pirn, friction between yarns, wear between yarn and knitting guide, yarn and knitting machine Although it is preferable to adhere the yarn oil agent that improves the wear resistance with the knitting needle, it is preferable that the adhesion amount of the yarn oil agent is an adhesion amount of 2% omf or less in order to achieve flame retardancy. Further, since the silicone compound in the raw yarn oil is flammable, it is preferably not included in the raw yarn oil used.
In particular, when the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is not subjected to hot water treatment such as scouring and dyeing, it is necessary to evaporate only with heat energy in a heat set. If included, the flame retardant effect may be reduced.
Colored fibers may be used for the two-layer knitted fabric or the connecting yarn. Coloring methods include dying uncolored yarn in the form of skein or cheese (dyeing), coloring by mixing pigments, dyes, etc. in the stock solution before spinning (dye solution coloring), dyeing in a three-dimensional knitted form However, since it may be difficult to maintain the three-dimensional shape when dyed in a three-dimensional knitted form, or the processability may be poor, a dyeing method using a pre-dyed or masterbatch method is preferable.

The fineness of the monofilament used for the connecting yarn is not particularly limited, and is usually selected in the range of 20 to 2000 dtex. The thickness of the monofilament is preferably 250 to 700 dtex, more preferably 280 to 500 dtex in order to give the three-dimensional knitted fabric a more excellent cushioning property with elasticity. As the fibers such as multifilaments used for the front and back knitted fabrics, those having a thickness of 50 to 2000 dtex can be usually used, and the single yarn fineness of the fibers other than the predetermined front and back knitted fabrics can be arbitrarily set.
Regarding the density of the connecting yarns, the number of connecting yarns in an area of 2.54 cm square (6.45 cm ² ) of a three-dimensional knitted fabric is N (lines / 2.54 cm square), and the dtex of the connecting yarn is T (g / 1 × 10 ⁶ cm), when the specific gravity of the connecting yarn is ρ ₀ (g / cm ³ ), the total cross-sectional area (N · T / 1 × 10 ⁶ · ρ) of the connecting yarn in the area of 2.54 cm square of the three-dimensional knitted fabric preferably ₀₎ is 0.03~0.35cm ^2, more preferably 0.05~0.25cm ^2. By setting within this range, the three-dimensional knitted fabric has a good cushioning property due to a more appropriate rigidity.
The connecting yarns may be looped stitches formed on the front and back knitted fabrics, or may have a structure in which they are hooked on the front and back knitted fabrics, but at least two connecting yarns reverse the knitted fabrics on the front and back sides. In order to improve the form stability of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, it is preferable to incline in the direction and connect it in a cross shape (X shape) or a truss shape.

The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention can be knitted with a double raschel knitting machine having two rows of needle beds, a double circular knitting machine, a flat knitting machine with a V bed, etc., but in order to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric with good dimensional stability. It is preferable to use a double Russell knitting machine. The gauge of the knitting machine is preferably 9 gauge to 28 gauge.
The thickness and basis weight of the three-dimensional knitted fabric can be arbitrarily set according to the purpose as long as the knitted fabric density of the present invention can be achieved, but the preferred thickness is 3 to 30 mm. If it is less than 3 mm, the amount of compression is small and the cushioning property is poor, and if it exceeds 30 mm, it is difficult to finish the three-dimensional knitted fabric. The preferred basis weight is 500 to 2000 g / m ^2, more preferably from 600~1500g / m ^2. Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the front-and-back surface shape of a three-dimensional knitted fabric, What was flat, the thing which has the unevenness | corrugation of 0.5 mm or more in a hook shape, and raised by the raising process etc. may be used.
In order for the three-dimensional knitted fabric to have a soft elasticity in the tension seat, it is preferable that the inlay compression elastic modulus of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is 20 to 150 N / mm, more preferably 25 to 100 N / mm, most preferably. 25 to 80 N / mm. When the compression elastic modulus exceeds 150 N / mm, a soft elastic feeling cannot be obtained, and when it is less than 20 N / mm, a feeling of bottoming tends to occur at the time of sitting. The compression elastic modulus of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is adjusted by factors such as the fineness of the connecting yarns that make up the three-dimensional knitted fabric, the number of connecting yarns per unit area, the inclination angle of the connecting yarn, the thickness of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, and the heat set temperature during finishing. Therefore, it is necessary to set them with sufficient consideration.
The compression recovery rate of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more. When the recovery rate is less than 85%, when the blind part is repeatedly compressed, the design may be deformed and the merchantability may be poor.

The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention can be obtained by printing a three-dimensional knitted fabric having the above characteristics.
For print processing, in addition to processing to form a pattern by hue difference such as overprinting (direct printing) or discharge (including prevention of printing), a pattern is created with a feeling of unevenness using a fiber solubilizer, fiber shrinkage agent, etc. Includes what it forms. In this case, the fiber solubilizing agent and the fiber shrinking agent may be appropriately selected according to the type of fiber. For example, alkali agents such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, acids such as formic acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, m- Organic solvents such as cresol, phenol, dimethylformamide and acetone, cellulose-dissolving enzyme and the like are used.
When printing on a three-dimensional knitted fabric, the method and method are not limited, and any of hand printing method, roller printing method, screen printing method, gravure printing method, transfer printing method, inkjet printing method, etc. A method may be adopted, and it is preferable to select an appropriate method according to the target pattern (due to hue difference or unevenness), the material to be printed, and the like.
In the case of forming a pattern with a hue difference, organic or inorganic pigments (including metal powders) may be used as coloring components, and disperse dyes, acid dyes, and cationic dyes according to the material to be printed. , Reactive dyes, direct dyes, fluorescent dyes and the like may be used alone or in combination.

When the opening ratio of the three-dimensional knitted ground to be printed is 10% or more, the transfer printing method or the ink jet printing method is used in order to prevent stains due to accumulation of the printing agent or ink near the opening. Is preferably adopted. Here, the hole area ratio refers to the area ratio of the holed portion in the layer forming the knitted fabric surface.
The case where the ink jet printing method is used will be specifically described below.
As the inkjet printing method, any method may be used as long as the droplets are ejected and dyed. For example, a continuous method such as a charge modulation method, a micro dot method, a charge ejection control method, an ink mist method, or the like. Methods such as a method, a stem method (two liquid chamber type), a pulse jet method (one liquid chamber type), a bubble jet method, and an electrostatic suction method can be adopted. In the ink, a pigment, a dye, a fiber solubilizing agent, a fiber shrinking agent, or the like can be used as a colorant to impart unevenness, and if necessary, a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, a penetrating agent, a pH adjusting agent, It is possible to add a resin processing agent or the like.
Steam treatment or dry heat treatment can be performed for fixing the colorant and providing irregularities, and scouring or reductive washing may be performed to remove fastness or extra attached chemicals.
Furthermore, for the purpose of suppressing deterioration in fastness and unevenness due to friction on the print surface, padding, kiss roll, spray, resin called binder such as melamine resin, acrylic resin, isocyanate resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, etc. The heat treatment may be performed by applying by ink jet, coating, laminating, gravure treatment, or the like.
In particular, when ink bleeding occurs during ink jet printing, pretreatment with an ink retaining agent may be performed in advance.

Examples of the ink retaining agent include starch substances such as sweet potato, potato, corn, and wheat, cellulose substances such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, gum arabic, Polysaccharides such as locust bean gum, tragacanth gum, guar gum, tamarind seeds, protein substances such as gelatin and kagain, natural water-soluble polymers such as tannin substances and lignin substances, polyvinyl alcohol compounds, polyethylene Synthetic water-soluble polymers such as oxide-based compounds, acrylic acid-based water-soluble polymers, maleic anhydride-based water-soluble polymers, and the like that produce typical ionic crystals such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal halogen compounds A water-soluble salt such as a compound having a pH of 4 to 10, ZnO, Si _{2, CaCO 3, BaSO 4,} TiO 2, Al (OH) 3, Fe 2 O 3, CaO, K 2 O, water-insoluble inorganic fine particles such as aluminum silicate salts, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, activated clay, kaolin, talc, Natural clay materials such as montmorillonite are used, and these may be used alone or in admixture of two or more as required.

Further, before printing, the solid knitted fabric may be processed by scouring, dyeing, heat setting or the like alone or in combination.
There are no particular limitations on the finishing of the three-dimensional knitted fabric that has been subjected to printing, and unless the object of the present invention is impaired, resin processing, water absorption processing, antistatic processing, antibacterial processing, anti-repellency processing, and the like used in normal fiber processing Finishing processing such as water processing and flame retardant processing can be adopted. In particular, finishing with a softener such as alkylpolysiloxane, amino-modified silicone, carboxy-modified silicone, and epoxy-modified silicone used to soften the texture reduces the hysteresis loss rate and residual strain during tension compression. be able to.
The finished three-dimensional knitted fabric is processed into an end portion by means of welding, sewing, resin processing, or the like, or a seat sheet or the like is formed into a desired shape by thermoforming or the like. Further, if necessary, a fabric made of woven or knitted fabric may be laminated on a part or the entire surface of the solid knitted fabric so that the printed pattern can be seen. In particular, when laminating the entire surface, a cloth having an opening such as a lace or a mesh or a cloth having transparency so that the design can be seen through may be used.

The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is suitably used for a seat that is stretched on a frame to form a seat and / or a back portion, but the state in which the three-dimensional knitted fabric is stretched on the frame is not limited, The three-dimensional knitted fabric may form the seat portion or the back portion of the seat by stretching the periphery or at least two sides in a tensioned state or a slack state on the back portion or the frame of the seat.
Any method can be used for fixing the three-dimensional knitted fabric to the frame. For example, as described in JP-A-2002-219985, a plate member having a groove portion with a substantially U-shaped cross section at the end of the three-dimensional knitted fabric , And a method of engaging the groove portion of the plate member with an appropriate frame material, further connecting a trim cloth to the end portion of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, and fixing the plate member to the trim cloth to form an appropriate frame material. After engaging the end part of the three-dimensional knitted fabric by welding, sewing, resin processing, etc., and then pressing the end part with a pressing member and fixing it to the frame with bolts, or via a metal spring such as a coil spring A method of fixing to a frame can be used.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, evaluation and measurement of each characteristic in an example were performed by the following method. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the monofilament of the polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber used in the example was shown in the reference example.
1) Stress evaluation at 5% elongation A test piece obtained by cutting a finished solid knitted fabric into a strip shape of 20 cm × 4 cm (width) in the vertical direction (direction along the wale row) and the horizontal direction (direction along the course row) Collect 5 pieces each. Using a Shimadzu Autograph AG-B type (manufactured by Shimadzu Corp.), the tensile stress when stretched to 5% is obtained under the conditions of a grip width of 4 cm, a grip interval of 10 cm, and a pulling speed of 50 mm / min. The vertical and horizontal directions are measured 5 times each, and the average value of each is taken as the vertical and horizontal tensile stress at 5%. At this time, the direction in which the stress at the time of 5% elongation is large is taken as the A direction.
2) Measurement of surface elongation rate (F) and surface elongation rate (B) The finished three-dimensional knitted fabric (40 cm square) connecting yarn is cut at approximately the center, and the front and back knitted fabrics are separated from each other.
No. 40 sand on the upper surface of the lower metal frame with 15cm high legs attached to the four corners (the inner side is a square with a side of 41cm and the outer side is a square with a side of 41cm and a thickness of 5mm). Non-slip by pasting paper with No. 40 sandpaper on the lower surface of the upper metal frame (the same as the lower metal frame and without 15cm height foot). The knitted fabric on the front side and the back side of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is sandwiched with the knitted fabric facing downward so as not to loosen, and the periphery is fixed with a vise.
Using a Shimadzu Autograph AG-B type (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the central part of the stretched front side knitted fabric is compressed at a speed of 50 mm / min with a disc-shaped compression jig having a diameter of 100 mm, and the displacement is 245 N when loaded. Is measured as the amount of compression deflection (M) (mm).
The surface elongation rate (F) of the front side knitted fabric and the surface elongation rate (B) of the back side knitted fabric are obtained by the following equations.
F (%) = [(150 ² + M ² ] ^0.5 −150} × 100/150
B (%) = [(150 ² + M ² ] ^0.5 −150} × 100/150

3) Measurement of width insertion ratio (H) at the time of tension compression by fixing two sides. Two sides of the same thing as the metal frame of the four-side fixing type used for the measurement of the above-mentioned surface elongation rates (F) and (B) ( A metal frame of a two-side fixed type from which the opposite side) is removed is prepared, and a three-dimensional knitted fabric (40 cm square) is sandwiched so as not to loosen, and the two sides are fixed with a vise. In advance, mark lines are respectively written at positions of 50 mm from both ends not fixed to the surface of the sample.
Using a Shimadzu autograph AG-B type (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the central part of the stretched front side knitted fabric is compressed at a speed of 50 mm / min with a disk-shaped compression jig having a diameter of 100 mm and held at a load of 245N. . At this time, the amount of change (H ₁ ) after entering the width shown in FIG. 1 is measured, and the width entering rate (H) is calculated by the following equation.
H (%) = [(H ₀ −H ₁ ) / 300] × 100
4) Measurement of compression elastic modulus (E) Using a Shimadzu autograph AG-B type (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), using a disk-shaped compression jig with a diameter of 100 mm, a 40 cm square and a thickness T ₀ (mm) The three-dimensional knitted fabric is compressed to a load of 245 N at a speed of 10 mm / min, and immediately released at a speed of 10 mm / min. Of the load-displacement curves shown in FIG. 2 obtained at this time, the inclination of the substantially linear region of the rising portion of the going (compression) curve is calculated by the formula {load P (N) / displacement ε (mm)}. And the compression modulus E (N / mm).
5) Measurement of dry heat shrinkage rate of front and back yarns Measure according to the dry heat shrinkage test method (Method B) of JIS-L-1013. At this time, the temperature of the dryer is 150 ° C.

6) Compression recovery rate A load was applied so that the thickness (Amm) of the three-dimensional knitted fabric was halved (A / 2 mm), the sample was left for 5 minutes, and the thickness (Bmm) after 10 minutes was measured. Calculated by
Compression recovery rate (%) = [B / A] × 100
7) Design stability of solid knitted fabric A load is applied so that the thickness (Amm) of the solid knitted fabric is halved (A / 2mm) and left for 5 minutes. After the evaluation, 10 processing engineers made visual judgments based on the following criteria and evaluated the total score.
3 points: There is almost no deformation of the pattern before and after the treatment. 2 points: There is a little deformation compared to before the treatment. 1 point: The deformation is large compared to before the treatment and lacks commerciality. 8) Opening rate (%)
A 2cm square enlarged photograph (5x) of the front knitted fabric of the three-dimensional knitted fabric was taken from a right angle, and the photograph was read into a computer with an image scanner, and the image of the high-definition image analysis system IP1000PC (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.) Using analysis software, specify the area of the aperture where the front knitted fabric (including the front yarn and the connecting yarn) is not formed, and calculate the ratio of the area of the aperture to the total area (2 cm square) using the following formula: It calculates with the ratio of the number of pixels shown.
Opening ratio H (%) = G × 100 / A
However, G in the formula is the number of pixels in the aperture, and A is the number of pixels of 2 cm square.
9) Evaluation of wrinkles By observing the appearance of the finished solid knitted fabric (40 cm square), ◎: No wrinkles, ○: Thin streak marks are observed, but wrinkles are not felt, △: Concavity and convexity, dents Relative evaluation is made in four stages: x: shallow wrinkles, x: dents are more than half of thickness and deep wrinkles. Evaluate both front and back sides

10) Cushioning on the hammock seat (feeling of rebound when sitting, feeling of bottoming after sitting), comfortable seating (discomfort due to width, holdability) and shape stability of the printed pattern The seat is 52cm wide and 47cm deep A seat frame (without a backrest) made of a mouth-shaped metal pipe material with a height of 32 cm was manufactured, and a solid knitted fabric with a width of 50 cm x depth of 57 cm ((2) in the A direction obtained by measuring the stress at 5% elongation) 2 side of the 3D knitted fabric before and after the seat frame is folded at a right angle outside the frame so that the two sides of the 3D knitted fabric are folded against the frame by a pressing member made of a metal plate. A two-side fixed seat with four bolts per side is produced. In addition, on the inside of the pressing member and the two sides of the seat frame, No. 40 sandpaper is pasted so that the three-dimensional knitted fabric does not slip, and a hole is made in the three-dimensional knitted fabric at the position of the bolt. On top of that, a man with a weight of 65 kg sat for 5 minutes and then left for 1 minute 10 times. Sensory evaluation of the rebound feeling at the moment of sitting (in contact with the solid knitted fabric), ◎: Rebound feeling, ○: Rebound feeling is slightly, Δ: Rebound feeling is slightly less, ×: Rebound feeling is less Relative evaluation is made in 4 stages. At the same time, the sensory evaluation of the feeling of bottoming after sitting, ◎: feel no bottoming, ○: feel almost no bottoming, △: feel a little feeling of bottoming, ×: feel the feeling of bottoming vigorously Relative evaluation is made in 4 stages.
At the same time, sitting comfort, uncomfortable feeling (sensation that the knitted fabric swelled at the crack of the buttocks and sitting on the foreign body) or pain was evaluated by sensory evaluation, ◎: no discomfort or pain, ○: almost no discomfort or pain, △ Relative evaluation is made in 4 stages: uncomfortable feeling or slightly painful, x: uncomfortable feeling or painful.
Furthermore, the holdability was evaluated by sensory evaluation. ◎: High fit and stable sitting, ○: Slightly high fit and stable sitting, △: Slightly low fit and slightly unstable ×: Relative evaluation is performed in four stages: low fit and unstable.
Furthermore, the shape stability of the printed pattern was visually judged. ◎: No pattern deformation before and after processing, ○: No pattern deformation before and after processing, △: Slight deformation compared to before processing, X: Before processing Relative evaluation is made in four stages of large deformation and lack of merchantability.

[Reference example]
<Manufacture of monofilament of polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber>
The polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament used in the examples was produced by the following method.
A first roll group having a speed of 16.0 m / min while discharging polytrimethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity [η] = 0.9 from a spinning nozzle at a spinning temperature of 265 ° C., and guiding and cooling in a cooling bath at 40 ° C. To produce an unstretched monofilament. Next, the film was pulled by a second roll group of 80.0 m / min while being stretched 5 times in a stretching bath at a temperature of 55 ° C., and then subjected to a relaxation heat treatment in a steam bath at 120 ° C., and 72.0 m / min. After passing through the 3rd roll group, it wound up with the winder of the same speed as the 3rd roll group, and manufactured the stretched monofilament of 390 dtex. Similarly, a stretched monofilament of 880 dtex was produced.
The obtained drawn yarn had strength, elongation, elastic modulus and elastic recovery at 10% elongation of 2.7 cN / dtex, 49%, 27 cN / dtex and 98%, respectively.
The intrinsic viscosity [η] (dl / g) is a value obtained based on the definition of the following formula.
[Η] = lim (ηr−1) / C
C → 0
Ηr in the definition is obtained by dividing the viscosity of a diluted solution of polytrimethylene terephthalate yarn or polyethylene terephthalate yarn dissolved in an o-chlorophenol solvent with a purity of 98% or more at 35 ° C. by the viscosity of the solvent measured at the same temperature. Which is defined as relative viscosity. C is the polymer concentration expressed in g / 100 ml.

[Example 1]
Using a 14 gauge, 13 mm double raschel knitting machine equipped with 6 rivets, 500 dtex / 144 filament, dry heat shrinkage rate 3.3% on the ridges (L ₁ , L ₂ ) forming the front knitted fabric A 390 decitex polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament manufactured in a reference example was supplied in an all-in arrangement to a cocoon (L ₃ ) that was supplied with false twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber in an all-in arrangement. Supplied, and false twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with 500 decitex / 144 filament and dry heat shrinkage of 5.7% is supplied in an all-in arrangement to the ridges (L ₄ , L ₅ ) that form the knitted fabric on the back side did.
In the knitting structure shown below, an insertion thread (monolith of 880 dtex polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber manufactured in the reference example) is inserted into the knitted fabric on the back side in an all-in arrangement with scissors (L ₆ ), A solid knitting machine was knitted at a density of 12.7 courses / 2.54 cm.
(Knitting organization)
L ₁ : 1211/1011 (all-in)
L ₂ : 01111/2111 / (all in)
L ₃ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₄ : 1110/0001 / (all in)
L ₅ : 5510/1156 / (all in)
L ₆ : 2222/0000 / (all in)
The resulting green machine is 1% wide and heat-heat set at 150 ° C. for 3 minutes. The surface of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is hand-printed using the following conditions and procedures, and the various types shown in Table 1. A three-dimensional knitted fabric having physical properties was obtained.

(1) Color paste adjustment Paste: Fine gum HT-6 (15%) 65 parts
(Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
Dye: Dianix Red S-4G 4 parts
(Dystar)
Reduction inhibitor: Sodium chlorate 0.5 part Organic acid: Tartaric acid 0.2 part Water: 28.3 parts
(2) Stamping and steam processing
Using the color paste of (1), a pattern was imparted by a hand-printing method using a 100 mesh screen, dried at 80 ° C., and then subjected to a color treatment under the following temperature conditions.
Superheated steam: 150 ° C
Saturated steam: Treated at 110 ° C for 30 minutes
(3) Water washing, reduction washing, water washing, drying, finishing set Wash thoroughly with water, remove the paste completely with hot water washing, perform reduction washing under the following conditions, wash with water, dry, and with a width of 160 ° C × Finished with a 3 minute heat set.
Reduction cleaning conditions: Thiourea dioxide 2g / L
Sodium hydroxide 1g / L
Nonionic surfactant 0.5g / L
Processing at 70 ° C for 20 minutes The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric has excellent design, cushioning, and holdability, and has a stable seating feeling with no discomfort due to its width after sitting, and has a good appearance with no noticeable wrinkles. The shape stability of the design was excellent.

[Example 2]
In Example 1, a cocoon (L ₄ , L ₅ ) forming a back side knitted fabric with 500 decitex / 144 filaments, a polyethylene terephthalate fiber yarn having a dry heat shrinkage rate of 13.8%, and a cocoon forming an insertion yarn ( A solid knitted fabric machine similar to Example 1 was obtained except that two monofilaments of polytrimethylene terephthalate fibers of 390 dtex manufactured in Reference Example were aligned in L ₆ ) and inserted in the vertical direction.
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric machine was widened by 1% and was subjected to dry heat setting at 170 ° C. for 2 minutes. Transfer paper with high-quality paper as a support and sublimable disperse dye as a colorant is layered on the surface of the resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric, and heat-pressed at 185 ° C for 50 seconds using a continuous transfer machine. A solid knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 1 was obtained.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is excellent in design, cushioning, and holdability, has a stable sitting comfort with no uncomfortable feeling due to its width after sitting, and has a stable appearance that does not stand out from wrinkles It was excellent.

[Example 3]
In Example 2, a three-dimensional knit fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the following knitting structure was changed.
(Knitting organization)
L ₁ : 1211/1011 (all-in)
L ₂ : 01111/2111 / (all in)
L ₃ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₄ : 1110/0001 / (all in)
L ₅ : 7710/1178 / (all-in)
L ₆ : 2222/0000 / (all in)
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric machine is sprayed with a 10% aqueous solution of NaCl so that only the surface knitted fabric has a solid content of 30 g / m ² , 1% widening is performed, and dry heat setting is performed at 170 ° C. for 3 minutes. Went. Subsequently, the surface of the three-dimensional knitted fabric was subjected to printing using an inkjet printing method under the following conditions.
<Ink preparation>
Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (40 ° Baume) 80%
Glycerin 20%
<Inkjet printing>
Inkjet method: On-demand type
Nozzle diameter: 60 μm
Distance between nozzle tip and fabric: 1mm
Applied voltage: 40V
Further, after wet heat treatment (180 ° C. × 30 minutes), washing with water, drying, and heat setting with a width of 160 ° C. × 3 minutes, a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 1 was obtained.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is excellent in design, cushioning, and holdability, has a stable sitting comfort with no uncomfortable feeling due to its width after sitting, and has a stable appearance that does not stand out from wrinkles It was excellent.

[Example 4]
In Example 2, the arrangement of the ridges (L ₁ ) forming the front side knitted fabric is supplied in an aligned manner so as to be 2 in × 2 out, and the arrangement of the ridges (L ₂ ) is similarly 2 out. A surface mesh-like three-dimensional knitted fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that it was supplied in 2 inches and changed to the following knitting structure. (Knitting organization)
L ₁ : 0111/3233/4544/3222 / (2 in × 2 out)
L ₂ : 4544/3222/0111/3233 / (2 out × 2 in)
L ₃ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₄ : 1110/0001 / (all in)
L ₅ : 7710/1178 / (all-in)
L ₆ : 2222/0000 / (all in)
Undercoating agent (MIU-555AG manufactured by Mastermind Co., Ltd.) was sprayed on the surface knitted fabric only so that the apparent adhesion amount was 30 g / m ^2, and 1% width was increased to 170 ° C. X Dry heat setting was performed in 3 minutes. Subsequently, the surface of the three-dimensional knitted fabric was subjected to printing using an inkjet printing method under the following conditions.
<Ink>
PX ink (water-soluble pigment) manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation
<Inkjet printing device>
Model made by Mastermind company mmp44000
(Piezo inkjet method)
Furthermore, the top coat agent (Master Mind MIT300 10% aqueous solution) was spray-applied so that the apparent adhesion amount was 30 g / m ² , heat-set at a width of 160 ° C. for 3 minutes, and the various types shown in Table 1 A three-dimensional knitted fabric having physical properties was obtained.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is excellent in design, cushioning, and holdability, has a stable sitting comfort with no uncomfortable feeling due to its width after sitting, and has a stable appearance that does not stand out from wrinkles It was excellent.

[Example 5]
In Example 4, false twisting of flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate fiber having 500 dtex / 144 filaments and dry heat shrinkage of 5.3% on the ridges (L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₄ , L ₅ ) forming the knitted fabrics of the front and back sides A three-dimensional knit knitting machine was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the yarn was changed to a processed yarn (167 decitex / 48 filament (Toyobo Co., Ltd., Heim) three-draw-aligned interlaced yarn). The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric machine was widened by 1% and was subjected to dry heat setting at 170 ° C. for 2 minutes. Transfer paper with high-quality paper as a support and sublimable disperse dye as a colorant is layered on the surface of the resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric, and heat-pressed at 185 ° C for 50 seconds using a continuous transfer machine. A solid knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 1 was obtained.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is excellent in design, cushioning, and holdability, has a stable sitting comfort with no uncomfortable feeling due to its width after sitting, and has a stable appearance that does not stand out from wrinkles It was excellent.

[ Reference Example 1 ]
Using a double raschel knitting machine with 10 sheets, 14 gauge, 12 mm between hooks equipped with a weft insertion device, 500 dtex / 90 filament, dry heat shrinkage rate on the heel (L ₃ , L ₄ ) forming the front knitted fabric A 1.8% polyethylene terephthalate fiber yarn-dyed false twisted yarn (167 decitex / 30 filaments, three-lined interlaced yarn: red) is supplied in an all-in arrangement to form a joint (L ₅ ) 390 decitex polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilaments manufactured in Reference Example are fed in an all-in arrangement, and 500 dtex / 90 filaments are dried on the ridges (L ₇ , L ₈ ) forming the back side knitted fabric. Pre-dyed false-twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with heat shrinkage of 1.8% (167 dtex / 30 filaments Three pull aligned interlaced yarn of: red) was fed in an array of all-.
In the following knitting structure, 1336 decitex / 384 filament polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber combustible yarn (167 decitex / 48 filaments, 8 rings twisted under the condition of Z twist 125 T / M in each course of the back side knitted fabric ) Was inserted, and a solid knitting machine was knitted at a density of 12.0 course / 2.54 cm.

(Knitting organization)
L ₃ : 1211/1011 (all-in)
L ₄ : 01111/2111 / (all in)
L ₅ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₇ : 1110/0001 / (All-in)
L ₈ : 3310/1134 / (all-in)
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric machine is sprayed with a 10% aqueous solution of NaCl so that only the surface knitted fabric has a solid content of 30 g / m ² , 1% widening is performed, and dry heat setting is performed at 170 ° C. for 3 minutes. Went. Subsequently, the surface of the three-dimensional knitted fabric was subjected to printing using an inkjet printing method under the following conditions.
<Ink preparation>
Terraint Black 2R 10%
(Disperse dye manufactured by Ciba-Geigy)
Glycerin 20%
Ion exchange water 70%
<Inkjet printing>
Inkjet method: On-demand type
Nozzle diameter: 60 μm
Distance between nozzle tip and fabric: 1mm
Applied voltage: 40V
Further, after wet heat treatment (180 ° C. × 10 minutes), washing with water, sodium hydroxide 1 g / l, hydrosulfite 1 g / l, Sunmall RC-700 (manufactured by Nikka Chemical Co., Ltd.) 1 g / l, 70 ° C. Was reduced and washed for 20 minutes, washed with water, dried, and heat-set at 160 ° C. for 3 minutes with a width to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric having various physical properties shown in Table 1.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is excellent in design, cushioning, and holdability, has a stable sitting comfort with no uncomfortable feeling due to its width after sitting, and has a stable appearance that does not stand out from wrinkles It was excellent.

[ Reference Example 2 ]
In Reference Example 1 , an array of ridges (L ₃ ) forming the knitted fabric on the front side is supplied in a two-by-two arrangement so that it becomes 2 in × 2 out, and the array of ridges (L ₄ ) is similarly 2 out Changed to a polyethylene terephthalate fiber yarn of 500 decitex / 144 filaments and dry heat shrinkage of 13.8% in the ridges (L ₇ , L ₈ ) that are supplied in 2 inches to form the back side knitted fabric, weft insertion yarn Is inserted into the following knitting structure by inserting a polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber composite flame of 2016 decitex / 576 filaments (12 167 decitex / 48 filaments ring-twisted under the condition of Z twist 125 T / M) Obtained a surface knitted solid knitted fabric in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 . Table 1 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
(Knitting organization)
L ₃ : 0111/3233/4544/3222 / (2 in × 2 out)
L ₄ : 4544/3322/0111/3233 / (2 out × 2 in)
L ₆ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₇ : 1110/0001 / (All-in)
L ₈ : 6610/1167 / (all-in)
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is excellent in design, cushioning, and holdability, has a stable sitting comfort with no uncomfortable feeling due to its width after sitting, and has a stable appearance that does not stand out from wrinkles It was excellent.

[Example 8]
In Example 2, 390 decitex polyethylene terephthalate monofilament (strength 3.8 cN / dtex, elongation 25%, elastic modulus 98 cN / dtex, and elastic recovery at 10% elongation were formed on the ridge (L ₃ ) forming the connecting portion in Example 2. A solid knitted fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio was changed to 25%. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is slightly inferior in design shape, but has excellent design, cushioning, and holdability. It looked nice.

[Example 9]
In Example 2, 280 decitex polyethylene terephthalate monofilament (strength 3.6 cN / dtex, elongation 26%, elastic modulus 99 cN / dtex, and elastic recovery at 10% elongation are formed on the ridge (L ₃ ) forming the connecting portion in Example 2. A three-dimensional knitted fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio was changed to 24%. Table 1 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric is excellent in design, cushioning, and holdability, has a stable sitting comfort with no uncomfortable feeling due to its width after sitting, and has a stable appearance that does not stand out from wrinkles It was excellent.

[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, a three-dimensional knitted fabric similar to Example 1 was obtained except that the insertion yarn in the warp direction inserted into the knitted fabric on the back side was removed, and the tenacity ratio during dry heat heat setting of the raw machine was changed to 15%. It was. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric has poor cushioning and holdability, and is uncomfortable due to a feeling of strangeness due to the width after sitting.

[Comparative Example 2]
In Reference Example 1 , a false twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with 500 dtex / 144 filament and dry heat shrinkage of 3.3% is applied to the heel (L ₃ , L ₄ ) forming the front knitted fabric, and the back knitted fabric筬 (L ₇ , L ₈ ) is supplied with 500 dtex / 144 filaments, false twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with a dry heat shrinkage of 5.7%, and 167 dtex / A three-dimensional knitted fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that 48-filament polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber was inserted. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
The resulting three-dimensional knitted fabric has poor cushioning and holdability, and has a feeling of strangeness due to the width after sitting, and thus has a poor sitting comfort.

[Comparative Example 3]
In Example 1, a three-dimensional knitted fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the inserted yarn in the warp direction inserted into the knitted fabric on the back side was removed and the structure was changed to the following structure. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
(Knitting organization)
L ₁ : 1211/1011 (all-in)
L ₂ : 01111/2111 / (all in)
L ₃ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₄ : 1110/0001 / (all in)
L ₅ : 3310/1134 / (all in)
L ₆ : 2222/0000 / (all in)
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric has poor cushioning and holdability, and is uncomfortable due to a feeling of strangeness due to the width after sitting.

[Comparative Example 4]
In Reference Example 1 , a false twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with 500 dtex / 144 filament and dry heat shrinkage of 3.3% is applied to the heel (L ₃ , L ₄ ) forming the front knitted fabric, and the back knitted fabric The base yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with 500 dtex / 144 filaments and dry heat shrinkage of 13.8% is supplied to the ridges (L ₇ , L ₈ ) forming Same as Reference Example 1 except that each course of the ground was changed to a 2016 dectex / 576 filament polyethylene terephthalate fiber compositing yarn (167 decitex / 48 filaments made of 12 twisted rings with a twist of 125 T / M). A three-dimensional knitted fabric was obtained. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
(Knitting organization)
L ₃ : 2322/101 / (all-in)
L ₄ : 0111/3222 / (all-in)
L ₅ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₇ : 1110/0001 / (All-in)
L ₈ : 6610/1167 / (all-in)
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric was inferior in cushioning and holding properties, and although it was small in width after sitting, the surface was hard and felt painful, so it was uncomfortable to sit on.

[Comparative Example 5]
In Comparative Example 4, comparison was made except that the wrinkles (L ₇ , L ₈ ) forming the back side knitted fabric were changed to false twisted yarns of polyethylene terephthalate fibers with 500 dtex / 144 filaments and 3.3% dry heat shrinkage. A three-dimensional knitted fabric similar to Example 4 was obtained. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric was inferior in cushioning and holding properties, and although it was small in width after sitting, the surface was hard and felt painful, so it was uncomfortable to sit on.

[Comparative Example 6]
Using a double raschel knitting machine with 10 sheets, 14 gauge, 12mm between hooks equipped with a weft insertion device, 500 dtex / 144 is applied to the ridges (L ₃ , L ₄ , L ₆ , L ₇ ) forming the front and back knitted fabrics. 390 decitex polytrimethylene produced as a reference example by supplying a false twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber having a dry heat shrinkage rate of 3.3% in an all-in arrangement and forming a connecting portion (L ₅ ) Monofilaments of terephthalate fiber were fed in an all-in arrangement.
In the knitting structure shown below, the insertion yarn (880 decitex polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament manufactured in the reference example) is inserted into the knitted fabric on the back side in an all-in arrangement with scissors (L ₈ ), In addition, 835 decitex / 240 filament polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber composite yarn (5 167 decitex / 48 filaments ring-twisted under the condition of Z twist 125 T / M) is inserted into each course of the knitted fabric on the front side. A solid knitting machine was knitted at a density of 12.0 course / 2.54 cm. The obtained green machine was widened by 1%, heat-set at 170 ° C. for 3 minutes and heat-printed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric with flat front and back knitted fabrics. It was. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
(Knitting organization)
L ₃ : 5655/101 / (all in)
L ₄ : 0111/1000 / (all in)
L ₅ : 3410/4367 / (all-in)
L ₇ : 1110/0001 / (All-in)
L ₈ : 5510/1156 / (all in)
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric was inferior in cushioning and holding properties, and although the width after sitting was small, the surface was hard and felt a little pain, so it was unsatisfactory.

[Comparative Example 7]
Using a 14 gauge, 6 mm double raschel knitting machine equipped with 6 rivets, 500 dtex / 144 filaments and dry heat shrinkage of 5.7% on the ridges (L ₂ , L ₃ ) forming the front knitted fabric the false twisted yarn of polyethylene terephthalate fiber was supplied with an array of all-the monofilament of polytrimethylene terephthalate fibers 390 dtex prepared in reference example reed to form the connecting portion (L ₄₎ in the sequence of all in Polyethylene terephthalate fiber with 1000 dtex / 288 filaments (500 dtex / 144 filaments aligned) and dry heat shrinkage of 3.3% on ridges (L ₅ , L ₆ ) that are fed and further formed on the back side knitted fabric Of false twisted yarn were supplied in an array of 2 out × 2 in (L ₅ ), 2 in × 2 out (L ₆ ).
In the knitting structure shown below, the insertion yarn (880 decitex polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament manufactured in the reference example) was inserted into the knitted fabric on the front side in an all-in arrangement with scissors (L ₁ ), A solid knitting machine was knitted at a density of 12.7 courses / 2.54 cm. The obtained green machine was widened by 5% and heat-dried at 150 ° C. for 3 minutes, and was subjected to hand printing in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a three-dimensional knitted fabric. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric.
(Knitting organization)
L ₁ : 1111/0000 / (all in)
L ₂ : 1011/3433 / (all-in)
L ₃ : 1000/0111 / (all in)
L ₄ : 4367/3410 / (all-in)
L ₅ : 3345/4432/2201/1132 / (2 out × 2 in)
L ₆ : 2201/1132/3345/4432 / (2 in × 2 out)
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric had a rebounded cushioning property, but had a feeling of bottoming when seated and a sense of incongruity due to width or wrinkles, poor holdability, and poor sitting comfort. In addition, because wrinkles remained, it looked bad.

  The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention includes shoulder pads, brassiere cups, leggers cushioning materials, supporter cushioning materials, lining materials such as warm clothing, helmet linings, human body protection pads, etc. It can be suitably used for mold materials, heat insulating materials, and cushion materials for vehicle seats such as automobiles, railway vehicles, aircrafts, child seats, and strollers, and cushion materials for seats for furniture and office use.

Explanatory drawing of the measurement of the width entering rate (H) at the time of tension compression by 2 side fixation. The figure which shows the load-displacement curve at the time of compression used for the measurement of a compression elastic modulus (E).

Claims (11)

A three-dimensional knitted fabric having front and back two layers of knitted fabric and monofilament connecting yarns connecting the two layers of knitted fabric, and the ground structure constituting the back side knitted fabric is a chain knitting and a tricot of 3 to 8 needle vibrations is a combination tissue and knitting, and the longitudinal direction of one of the knitted fabric of the front and back two-layer, the inserting yarn is inserted in a straight line or a zigzag shape, also at 5% elongation in the longitudinal direction of the stereo knitted in the stress (a) is 40~300N / 4cm width, the ratio of the transverse direction of elongation of 5% of the stress (B) (a / B) is 1.5 to 15.0, Zhang by two sides fixed A three-dimensional knitted fabric characterized in that the width ratio (H) at the time of compression is 0 to 15% and at least one of the front and back two layers of the knitted fabric is printed.   The surface stretch rate (F) of the front knitted fabric is 4.5 to 15%, and the ratio (F / B) to the surface stretch rate (B) of the back side knitted fabric is 3.6 to 10.0. The solid knitted fabric according to claim 1, wherein: The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the dry heat shrinkage of the ground yarn constituting the back side knitted fabric is 5 to 20%. The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the ground yarn constituting the back side knitted fabric is a raw yarn. Inserted yarn is inserted into the ground structure constituting the back side knitted fabric with a swing width of 3 stitches or less per course in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the underlap direction of the tricot knitting of the ground structure. The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein an inlay compression elastic modulus of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is 20 to 150 N / mm. The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the connecting yarn is a polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber.   The three-dimensional knitted fabric according to claim 1, wherein the insertion yarn is a polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber. The cushion material comprised using the solid knitted fabric in any one of Claims 1-8 . A seat according to claim 9 , wherein the cushion material forms a back portion and / or a seat portion. The vehicle seat according to claim 10 .

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