JP4384610B2 - Phased array antenna - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a phased array antenna, and more particularly to a series-feed type phased array antenna for the purpose of providing a low-cost and low-loss phased array antenna.

When realizing a series-feed type phased array antenna, there are a method of separately forming a series feed line and an antenna, and a method of integrally forming a series feed line and an antenna. In the former, since the line and the antenna are formed separately, there is a problem that the length of the feed line becomes long and the line loss increases.
The latter can reduce the line loss because the line length can be shortened. For this reason, a series-feed type phased array antenna has been proposed which uses the latter to reduce the loss (see Non-Patent Document 1).

FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a conventional series-feed type phased array antenna. In FIG. 5, 1 is a feed line, 2 is a patch antenna, 3 is a variable reactance element group, 4 is a feed port, 5 is a terminating resistor, 6 is a dielectric substrate with a ground plane, and 7 is an open stub. The phased array antenna shown in FIG. 5 is formed on a dielectric substrate 6 with a ground plane.
Reference numerals 201 to 203 denote patch antenna element groups each including three patch antenna elements, and all patch antenna elements whose long side direction constituting each patch antenna element group is the excitation direction are open stubs 7 at both ends in the excitation direction. The variable reactance elements constituting the variable reactance element group 3 are provided between the open stub 7 and the patch antenna element.

The patch antenna element groups 201 to 203 are connected by the feed line 1 and are formed at equal intervals.
The feed line 1 is connected to the input and output sides of the patch antenna element where the phases are reversed. Further, between the patch antenna element groups 201 to 203, the feed line 1 is bent into an S shape for phase adjustment.
It is assumed that each variable reactance element of the variable reactance element group 3 is adjusted to the same amount of reactance.

In the above configuration, the RF signal and the DC voltage are supplied from the power supply port 4. The power (signal) fed from the feed port 4 is fed to the patch antenna element group 201 via the feed line 1 and is subjected to phase delay by the three elements constituting the patch antenna element group 201.
Further, the signal is fed to the patch antenna element group 202 via the feed line 1 and similarly receives the same amount of phase delay in the patch antenna element groups 202 and 203. When the reactance values of the variable reactance elements in the variable reactance element group 3 are simultaneously controlled, phase differences are equally spaced between the patch antenna element groups, and can be regarded as a pseudo three-element array antenna.

Here, by changing the stub length, it is possible to shift the operating point of the variable reactance element equivalently by the impedance of the open stub 7, and thereby a large phase even when the variable range of the reactance value in the variable reactance element is limited. Adjustments can be made to obtain change.
Since the feed line 1 is configured where the phase is reversed between the input and output sides of the patch antenna, the current flowing on the input side and the current flowing on the output side are in opposite phase when attention is paid to any one element. . Therefore, when these input / output lines are in the vicinity, the lines can cancel each other unnecessary radiation from the lines.

In addition, since the phase shift amount per patch antenna element constituting the patch antenna element group is 比 べ compared with the conventional three-element array, the shift amount of the variable reactance is small and the impedance change of the patch antenna element is sufficient. Since the amount is reduced, a change in the amount of power passing through the patch antenna element is reduced. Therefore, even if a large phase change is realized per patch antenna element group, the power distribution change of the entire array is small. Therefore, the directivity can be largely controlled by controlling the variable reactance element.
Naoki Honma, Tomohiro Seki, Kenjiro Nishikawa, Koichi Tsunekawa, “Analysis and Measurement of MUSCAT Array with Open Stubs”, IEICE Technical Report, IEICE, January 15, 2004, IEICE Vol. 103, no. 570, p27-32

In the conventional phased array antenna, since a plurality of patch antenna elements are arranged close to each other, it is necessary to use a small patch antenna element.
However, when the feed line is connected to a small patch antenna, the current distribution of the patch antenna element changes because the width of the feed line is larger than the patch antenna element, and the antenna characteristics deteriorate and loss increases. .
In addition, since the direction of the feed line connecting the patch antenna element groups is different from the long side direction of the patch antenna element, there is a problem that the cross polarization characteristics of the antenna deteriorate due to unnecessary radiation generated from the feed line. It was.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a phased array antenna in which loss is reduced and cross polarization characteristics are improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a phased array antenna comprising four or more linear linear conductor pieces or rectangular conductor pieces on a dielectric substrate, wherein the conductor pieces are by more than two are arranged in a radial 1 virtual within the sphere of a wavelength at the operating frequency constitutes one conductor piece group, and a plurality of the conductor pieces group, as well as construction, the length of all of the conductor pieces The side is a length less than half of the wavelength in vacuum, and all the conductor pieces constituting the one conductor piece group are arranged so that the long sides of each conductor piece are parallel to each other, One of the plurality of conductor piece groups includes one or more conductor pieces each including a variable reactance element, and the one or more conductor pieces constituting the conductor piece group are signals having a characteristic impedance of 80Ω or more. Comprising a transmission means, No. transmitting means is characterized by being connected to one of the other conductors piece group or signal generating means, or power termination means.

The invention according to claim 2 is a phased array antenna comprising four or more rectangular conductor pieces on a dielectric substrate, wherein the conductor pieces are virtual spheres having a radius of one wavelength at the operating frequency. A conductor piece group is formed by arranging two or more in the body, and a plurality of conductor piece groups are formed, and the long sides of all the conductor pieces are less than half the wavelength in vacuum. It is, each of the plurality of conductor pieces group has a stub within a distance where the distance from the end portion on only one end of the conductor piece is not and less than 0.1 wavelength contacted at the operating frequency And one or more conductor pieces each having a variable reactance element connected between any portion within 0.1 wavelength from the end portion of the conductor piece and the stub, and only at the one end portion. With stub and variable reactance element The conductor piece has signal transmission means having a characteristic impedance of 80Ω or more at any part within 0.1 wavelength of the other end, and the transmission direction of the signal transmission means is a rectangular shape connected to the signal transmission means It is parallel to the long side direction of the conductor piece, and the signal transmission means is connected to any of another conductor piece group, a signal generation means, or a power termination means.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the phased array antenna according to the second aspect, the signal transmission means is a high impedance line having a length of 0.1 wavelength or less of an operating frequency, and the high impedance line Is characterized in that one end is directly connected to the conductor piece and the other end is provided with a low impedance line having a characteristic impedance of 80Ω or less.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a phased array antenna having low reflection loss and low loss characteristics and a low cross polarization level is realized.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The configuration of the phased array antenna according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the figure, a phased array antenna is formed on a dielectric substrate with a ground plane, 1 is a feed line having an impedance of 80Ω or more constituted by a microstrip line, 201 to 203 are conductor pieces having variable reactance elements 301 to 303, respectively. The long sides of all conductor pieces (rectangular conductor pieces) in the group are less than half the wavelength in vacuum. The variable reactance element is connected between the conductor piece and the ground plane on the back side of the substrate.
The conductor piece group 201 includes conductor pieces 201a, 201b, and 201c, the conductor piece group 202 includes conductor pieces 202a, 202b, and 202c, and the conductor piece group 203 includes conductor pieces 203a, 203b, and 203c.

The power fed from the feed port 4 by the signal source 10 is fed to one conductor piece 201a of the conductor piece group 201 via the feed line 1, and the fed conductor piece 201a has a patch antenna whose excitation direction is the long side direction. Works as. Since the other conductor pieces 201b and 201c constituting the conductor piece group 201 are configured close to each other within one wavelength of the operating frequency, they are excited by electromagnetic coupling and operate as a patch antenna.
When the reactance value of the variable reactance element 301 is changed at the same time, the excitation phase of the patch antenna changes, and the adjacent patch antenna that is electromagnetically coupled transmits a phase delay together with the power, and similarly to another patch antenna. Also, the added phase delay is transmitted.

  The power (signal) incident on the conductor piece group 201 undergoes a phase delay in the conductor piece group 201 and is further transmitted to the adjacent conductor piece group 202 by the feeder line 1. Also in the conductor piece group 202, the phase delay is controlled by the variable reactance element 302 as in the conductor piece group 201, and the phase delay is also controlled by the variable reactance element 303 in the conductor piece group 203. The electric power transmitted from the conductor piece 203c in the conductor piece group 203 through the feeder line 1 is terminated by the terminating resistor 5 to suppress reflection.

  In the conductor piece group, since each element is arranged close to each other by three elements, an average phase of the three adjacent elements is observed from the far field. Therefore, the conductor piece groups 201 to 203 can be regarded as a pseudo three-element patch array antenna in which each conductor piece group is equivalently regarded as one element. By changing the excitation phase of the patch antenna by controlling the variable reactance, the direction in which the electric field radiated from each conductor piece group strengthens changes, and the main beam direction is scanned.

When the impedance of the feed line 1 is 80Ω or more, the line width of the feed line 1 is sufficiently narrow, and thus the influence on the current distribution on the conductor piece that operates as a patch antenna is sufficiently small even when connected to the conductor piece. Therefore, the change in the antenna impedance due to the change in the current distribution is reduced, and the reflection characteristics are improved. For this reason, the reflection loss is reduced, and the influence of the feed line on the radiated power and loss characteristics of the antenna is reduced, so that the power loss of the antenna is reduced.
With the above configuration, according to the present embodiment, a low-loss phased array antenna with small reflection loss is realized.
The conductor piece is not limited to a rectangular conductor piece, and may be a linear linear conductor piece or a U-shaped linear conductor piece.

Next, the configuration of the phased array antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the figure, the same components as those of the phased array antenna according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. In the figure, the phased array antenna according to the second embodiment is formed on a dielectric substrate with a ground plane.
201-204 are each a conductor piece group which consists of three rectangular conductor pieces which operate | move as a patch antenna, and the long side direction of the conductor pieces which comprise each conductor piece group is parallel to an excitation direction. The conductor piece group 201 is from the conductor pieces 201a ′, 201b ′, 201c ′, the conductor piece group 202 is from the conductor pieces 202a ′, 202b ′, 202c ′, and the conductor piece group 203 is the conductor pieces 203a ′, 203b ′, From 203c ′, the conductor piece group 204 is composed of conductor pieces 204a ′, 204b ′, and 204c ′, respectively.

The conductor pieces 201b ′, 202b ′, 203b ′, and 204b ′ located at the center of the three conductor pieces constituting the conductor piece groups 201 to 204 have open stubs 7 at both ends in the long side direction.
Further, in each of the conductor piece groups 201 to 204, two outer conductor pieces of the three conductor pieces constituting each conductor piece group have the open stub 7 only at one end. For example, in the conductor piece group 201, the conductor pieces 201a and 201c located outside have the open stub 7 only at one end. The same applies to the conductor piece groups 202 to 204.

All the open stubs 7 are connected to adjacent conductor pieces by the variable reactance element 3. Moreover, the feed line 1 which is a high impedance line is formed as a signal transmission means for connecting the conductor piece groups 201 to 204 to each other.
In this configuration, the variable reactance element 3 is connected to the end of the conductor piece that operates as a patch antenna, and the open stub 7 is further connected. Therefore, even when the variable reactance element 3 has a resistance component, the current flowing through the variable reactance element can be controlled and the loss can be reduced by adjusting the length of the stub 7.

  In the above configuration, when power is incident from the power supply end 4 from the signal source 10, the conductor piece 201c 'constituting the conductor piece group 201 is excited and operates as a patch antenna. Since the conductor pieces are connected to each other by a line, the other conductor pieces 201b 'and 201a' are excited simultaneously. When the reactance value of the variable reactance element 3 is changed, the phase of each conductor piece that operates as a patch antenna changes. Furthermore, since the conductor piece group is composed of a plurality of conductor pieces, and each conductor piece is connected to each other by a line, the phase delay generated in each conductor piece is cumulatively transmitted and a large shift proportional to the number of conductor pieces. A phase amount is obtained.

  The conductor pieces 201a and 201c outside the conductor pieces constituting the conductor piece group 201 are connected to the variable reactance element 3 only at one end, and the other end is connected to the feed line 1 which is a high impedance line. It is connected. When the impedance of the feed line 1 is 80Ω or more, the line width of the feed line 1 is sufficiently narrow, and thus the influence on the current distribution on the conductor piece that operates as a patch antenna is sufficiently small even when connected to the conductor piece. Therefore, the change in antenna impedance due to the change in current distribution is reduced, and the reflection characteristics are improved. For this reason, the reflection loss is reduced, and the influence of the feed line on the radiation power and loss characteristics of the antenna is reduced, so that the power loss of the antenna is reduced.

  In addition, since the transmission direction of the feed line 1 and the excitation directions of the conductor pieces 201a ′, 201b ′, and 201c ′ are parallel, even when unwanted radiation is generated from the feed line 1, the polarization direction of the conductor piece is equal to the polarization direction. Wave characteristics are not degraded. When the variable reactance element 3 and the stub 7 are formed at both ends of all the conductor pieces 201a ′, 201b ′, 201c ′, the feed line 1 cannot be connected, and the feed line 1 is connected to the long side of the conductor piece. In this case, since the feed line 1 needs to be curved and formed on a dielectric substrate with a ground plane, unnecessary radiation from the feed line 1 crosses and the polarization characteristics are deteriorated.

The conductor piece groups 202 to 204 operate similarly. In each conductor piece group, since the conductor pieces are arranged close to each other by three elements, an average phase of four adjacent elements is observed from the far field. Accordingly, the conductor piece groups 201 to 204 can be regarded as pseudo four-element patch array antennas in which each conductor piece group is equivalently regarded as one element.
By changing the excitation phase of the patch antenna by controlling the variable reactance element 3, the direction in which the electric field radiated from each conductor piece group of the conductor piece groups 201 to 204 is strengthened is changed, and the main beam direction is scanned.

  In the phased array antenna according to the present embodiment, the influence on the current distribution on the conductor piece is sufficiently reduced even when the feed line is connected to the conductor piece by connecting the high impedance feed line to the conductor piece and making the power incident. The conductor piece can be operated as an antenna. Therefore, the change in the antenna impedance due to the change in the current distribution is reduced, and good reflection characteristics can be obtained. For this reason, the reflection loss is reduced, and the influence of the feed line on the radiated power and loss characteristics of the antenna is reduced, so that the power loss of the antenna is reduced.

  Also, with the conductor piece excitation direction parallel to the conductor piece longitudinal direction, a stub and a variable reactance element are configured only at one end, not at both ends of the conductor piece, and a high impedance line is connected to the other end instead. Since the polarization direction of the line radiation and the polarization direction of the conductor piece operating as an antenna coincide with each other, a low-level cross polarization characteristic can be obtained. A phased array antenna having a loss characteristic and a low level of cross polarization is realized.

  That is, in this embodiment, a low loss characteristic is achieved by connecting a power supply line that is a high impedance line to the opposite end of a conductor piece having a stub and a variable reactance element only at one end and allowing power to enter. It is possible to realize a phased array antenna having a characteristic of having a low level of cross polarization.

Next, FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a phased array antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those of the phased array antenna according to the second embodiment shown in FIG.
In FIG. 3, the phased array antenna according to the third embodiment is formed on a dielectric substrate with a ground plane. 201-204 are each a conductor piece group which consists of three rectangular conductor pieces which operate as a patch antenna, and the long sides of the conductor pieces constituting each conductor piece group are parallel to the excitation direction. Of the three conductor pieces constituting the conductor piece groups 201 to 204, the conductor pieces 201b ′, 202b ′, 203b ′, and 204b ′ located at the center are provided with the open stubs 7 at both ends in the long side direction.

In addition, the outer two conductor pieces of the three conductor pieces in each of the conductor piece groups 201 to 204 include the open stub 7 only at one end.
All the open stubs 7 are connected to adjacent conductor pieces by the variable reactance element 3.
The feed line 1 includes a low impedance line 1A of 80Ω or less and a high impedance line 1B formed at both ends thereof. In the feeder line 1 that connects the conductor piece groups 201 to 204, a short high-impedance line 1B of 80Ω or more is formed only at the connection portion with the conductor piece groups 201 to 204, and the line width of the connection portion is narrowed. ing.

  In the present embodiment, the variable reactance element 3 is connected to the end of the conductor piece that operates as a patch antenna, and the open stub 7 is further connected. Therefore, even when the variable reactance element 3 has a resistance component, the current flowing through the variable reactance element 3 can be controlled and the loss reduced by adjusting the length of the open stub 7.

When power is incident from the power supply end 4 from the signal source 10, the conductor piece 201c ′ constituting the conductor piece group 201 is excited and operates as a patch antenna. Since the conductor pieces in the conductor piece group 201 are connected to each other by a line, the other conductor pieces 201b ′ and 201a ′ are also excited simultaneously. When the reactance value of the variable reactance element 3 is changed, the phase of the conductor piece that operates as a patch antenna changes.
Furthermore, since the conductor piece group 201 is composed of a plurality of conductor pieces, and the conductor pieces 201a ', 201b', 201c 'are connected to each other by lines, the phase delay generated in each conductor piece is accumulated and transmitted. A large amount of phase shift proportional to the number of can be obtained.

  The variable reactance element 3 is connected to only one end of the conductor piece outside the conductor piece group 201, and only the other end is connected to the high impedance line portion 1 </ b> B of the feeder line 1. If the impedance of the connection part of the feed line 1 is 80Ω or more, the line width of the feed line 1 is sufficiently narrow, and therefore the influence on the current distribution on the conductor piece that operates as a patch antenna is sufficient even when connected to the conductor piece. Get smaller. Even when the impedance of the conductor piece group 201 is 80Ω or less, only one connection portion has a high impedance, for example, an impedance of 80Ω or more is given, and the line length, which is a high impedance, is shortened. The effect can also be obtained by making the length of.

This is because when the line length of the high impedance line is sufficiently shorter than the wavelength of the operating frequency, the amount of impedance conversion by the high impedance line is small, so the low impedance line 1A and the conductor piece 201 in the center of the feeder line 1 This is because matching can be achieved by giving equal impedance.
Therefore, the change in the antenna impedance due to the change in the current distribution is reduced, and the reflection characteristics are improved. For this reason, the reflection loss is reduced, and the influence of the feed line on the radiated power and loss characteristics of the antenna is reduced, so that the power loss of the antenna is reduced.

In addition, since the transmission direction of the feed line 1 and the excitation directions of the conductor pieces 201a ′, 201b ′, and 201c ′ are parallel, even when unnecessary radiation is generated from the feed line 1, the conductor pieces 201a ′, 201b ′, and 201c ′ It does not deteriorate the polarization characteristics which are equal to the polarization direction.
On the other hand, when the variable reactance element 3 and the stub 7 are formed at both ends of all the conductor pieces 201a ′, 201b ′, 201c ′, the feeder line 1 cannot be connected, and the long sides of the conductor pieces are not connected. When the feed line 1 is connected, it is necessary to form the feed line 1 by curving it, so unnecessary radiation from the feed line crosses and the polarization characteristics deteriorate.
The above operation is the same for the conductor groups 202 to 204.

  In each of the conductor piece groups 201 to 204, since each conductor piece is arranged close to each other by three elements, an average phase of four adjacent elements is observed from the far field. Therefore, it can be regarded as a pseudo four-element patch array antenna in which each conductor piece group 201 to 204 is equivalently regarded as one element. By changing the excitation phase of the patch antenna by controlling the variable reactance element 3, the direction in which the electric field radiated from each conductor piece group strengthens changes, and the main beam direction is scanned.

  As described above, according to the third embodiment, even if the feeder line is connected to the conductor piece by connecting the high impedance line 1B that is a signal transmission means to the conductor piece and making the power incident, The influence on the current distribution becomes sufficiently small, and the conductor piece can be operated as an antenna. Even when the impedance of the conductor piece is lower than 80Ω, by connecting the low impedance line 1A through the high impedance line 1B having a length of 0.1 wavelength or less and an impedance of 80Ω or more, the conductor piece and the low impedance It becomes possible to connect without impairing the matching condition with the dance line 1A.

Therefore, the change in the antenna impedance due to the change in the current distribution is reduced, and good reflection characteristics can be obtained. For this reason, the reflection loss is reduced, and the influence of the feed line on the radiated power and loss characteristics of the antenna is reduced, so that the power loss of the antenna is reduced. Therefore, a low-loss phased array antenna with a small reflection loss can be realized.
As described above, according to the third embodiment, the high impedance line 1B constituting the feeder line 1 is connected to the opposite end of the conductor piece having the stub 7 and the variable reactance element 3 only at one end, and power is incident. By doing so, it is possible to realize a phased array antenna having a low loss characteristic and a low level of cross polarization characteristics.

  Next, FIG. 4 shows a numerical analysis result of a single conductor piece group in the phased array antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A shows a numerical analysis model, in which a sufficiently short characteristic impedance value of 0.04λg (λg: effective wavelength in the line) is Z0 between the conductor piece 201a or the conductor piece 201b and the line 1A. Line 1B is inserted.

FIG. 4B shows the calculation result of the reflected power | S ₁₁ | when the characteristic impedance Z 0 is changed. FIG. 4B shows that the reflected power | S ₁₁ | decreases as the characteristic impedance Z 0 increases. However, the change in the reflected power | S ₁₁ | in the case of FIG. 4B is between −12.5 dB and −24 dB, and the ratio of the reflected power | S ₁₁ | to the incident power to the conductor piece group is about 6 at maximum. %, And the influence of the reflected power itself on the antenna characteristics is small.

FIG. 4C shows the numerical analysis result of the transmitted power | S ₂₁ | when the characteristic impedance Z0 is changed.
Here, when the radiated power per conductor piece group is constant, the larger the transmitted power, the smaller the insertion loss. It can be confirmed that the insertion loss decreases as Z0 increases. Further, it can be seen that the insertion loss actually obtained by the numerical analysis is small compared with the result (broken line) in which the insertion loss is estimated only by the reflected power and the copper loss shown in FIG. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the improvement in insertion loss is not due to the effect of matching by inserting a line having an impedance of Z0, but due to the improvement of the antenna characteristics itself.

4D and 4E show numerical analysis results of the reflected power | S ₁₁ | and the transmitted power | S ₂₁ | when the reactance value X of the variable reactance element 3 is changed. From these results, it was shown that the reflection characteristics and the transmission characteristics are greatly improved by setting the impedance Zo to a high value, and that the antenna characteristics can be reduced in the present invention.

The figure which shows the structure of the phased array antenna which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the structure of the phased array antenna which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the structure of the phased array antenna which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the numerical analysis result of the phased array antenna which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the structure of the conventional phased array antenna.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Feed line (signal transmission means), 1A ... Low impedance line, 1B ... High impedance line, 2 ... Patch antenna, 3 ... Variable reactance element, 4 ... Feed port 5 ... Termination resistance (power termination means), 6 ... Ground plane Dielectric substrate, 7... Stub, 10... Signal source (signal generating means), 201 to 204.

Claims (3)

A phased array antenna comprising four or more linear linear conductor pieces or rectangular conductor pieces on a dielectric substrate,
The conductor pieces constitute one conductor piece group by arranging two or more in a virtual sphere having a radius of one wavelength at the operating frequency, and constitute a plurality of the conductor piece groups,
The long sides of all the conductor pieces have a length that is half or less of the wavelength in vacuum, and all the conductor pieces constituting the one conductor piece group have parallel long sides of each conductor piece. Are arranged in
One of the plurality of conductor piece groups includes one or more conductor pieces each including a variable reactance element, and the one or more conductor pieces constituting the conductor piece group have a characteristic impedance of 80Ω or more. Comprising signal transmission means,
The phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission means is connected to another conductor piece group, a signal generation means, or a power termination means. A phased array antenna comprising four or more rectangular conductor pieces on a dielectric substrate,
The conductor pieces constitute one conductor piece group by arranging two or more in a virtual sphere having a radius of one wavelength at the operating frequency, and constitute a plurality of conductor piece groups,
The long sides of all the conductor pieces have a length equal to or less than half the wavelength in vacuum,
Each of the plurality of conductor piece groups has a stub at only one end portion of the conductor piece within a range where the distance from the end portion is less than 0.1 wavelength at the operating frequency and does not contact, and the conductor Including one or more conductor pieces including a variable reactance element connected between any portion within 0.1 wavelength from the end of the piece and the stub;
The conductor piece having the stub and the variable reactance element only at the one end includes a signal transmission means having a characteristic impedance of 80Ω or more at any part within 0.1 wavelength of the other end,
The transmission direction of the signal transmission means is parallel to the long side direction of the rectangular conductor piece connected to the signal transmission means,
The phased array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission means is connected to another conductor piece group, a signal generation means, or a power termination means.   The signal transmission means is a high-impedance line having a length of 0.1 wavelength or less of the operating frequency, and the high-impedance line has one end directly connected to a conductor piece and the other end is a low-impedance line having a characteristic impedance of 80Ω or less. The phased array antenna according to claim 2, further comprising:

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