JP4383450B2 - Constant velocity joint with less radial movement of ball - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is a constant velocity joint in the form of a fixed joint,
A joint outer portion is provided, the joint outer portion having a longitudinal axis, a first side S1 and a second side S2 that are located opposite to each other in the axial direction, and an outer ball track. And
A joint inner part is provided, the joint inner part having a longitudinal axis, a connecting means for a shaft extending towards the opening of the joint outer part, and an inner ball track;
The outer ball track and the inner ball track form a track pair with each other,
Each pair of trucks contains one ball that conveys torque,
A ring-shaped ball cage is mounted between the outer part of the joint and the inner part of the joint and has a cage window distributed in the circumferential direction, each of which has at least one ball carrying torque. Contain,
The present invention relates to a type in which the center point of a ball is held in a joint center plane by a cage and guided on a plane that bisects an angle between longitudinal axes when the joint is bent.

  The fixed joint in the form of a UF (undercut-free) joint is based on the course of the ball track of the pair of tracks provided in the joint outer part and the joint inner part, while the joint rotates while being bent, When the ball reciprocates along the ball track within the joint, the ball track of the track pair has a large radial ball motion when the ball tracks periodically bend each other by the joint bending angle on both sides with respect to its starting position ing. Radial ball motion defines the minimum cage thickness of the ball cage. This is because the ball should be guided in the cage window during its full radial movement during the rotation of the joint, i.e. it must maintain contact with the guide surface extending in the circumferential direction of the cage window. .

  A large cage thickness necessarily reduces the ball's wrap around the ball track, and thus the ball stake angle or ball contact angle, as viewed in cross-section through the joint. This is because the cage results in a decrease in the track depth of the outer ball track and the inner ball track as the cage thickness increases. Due to the reduced track depth and the reduced ball surroundings, the torque capacity of the joint is reduced.

  In the fixed constant velocity joint known from DE 100 60 220 A1, the opening angle α between the tangents of the balls at the point of contact with the ball track in the joint center plane coincides with the longitudinal axis of the joint. When extending, it opens from the opening side to the connection side. The above specification shows different track shapes, including a track centerline with a generally S-shaped course with turning points on the joint outer part and the joint inner part. As the track center line, the path of the center point of the ball in the ball track is defined. By directing the opening angle α when the joint is extended in the direction opposite to that of the UF joint, the strength of the joint outer portion should be improved.

  The object of the present invention is to improve the fixed joint of the type mentioned at the outset and to provide a fixed joint with a further increased torque capacity.

The first solution is for constant velocity joints in the form of fixed joints:
A joint outer part is provided, the joint outer part having a longitudinal axis L12, a first side S1 and a second side S2 which are located opposite to each other in the axial direction, and an outer ball track. And
A joint inner part is provided, the joint inner part having a longitudinal axis L13, connecting means for an axis extending towards the opening of the joint outer part, and an inner ball track;
The outer ball track and the inner ball track form a track pair with each other,
Each pair of trucks contains one ball that conveys torque,
A ring-shaped ball cage is mounted between the outer part of the joint and the inner part of the joint and has a cage window distributed in the circumferential direction, each of which has at least one ball carrying torque. Contain,
The center point of the ball is held in the joint center plane by the cage, and is guided on a plane that bisects the angle between the longitudinal axes L12 and L13 when the joint is bent,
The center lines M22, M23 of the ball tracks of the track pair are located in a radial plane ER passing through the joint, and the center lines M22, M23 of the track pair are substantially mirror-symmetric with respect to the joint center plane EM,
The opening angle α between the track bottom line tangents T22 ′ and T23 ′ extending in parallel to the tangent lines T22 and T23 of the ball track centerlines M22 and M23 in the joint center plane EM coincides with the longitudinal axis of the joint. At the time of extension, it opens from the opening side toward the closing side,
In the joint outer portion, the center line M22 of the ball track is an area extending from the joint center plane EM to the first side S1, and in each case, one reference radius RB is separated radially inward. The radius center point MB of the radius RB is located at the intersection of the perpendicular to the tangent line T22 of the center line M22 of the ball track in the joint center plane and the longitudinal axis,
In the joint inner portion, the center line M23 of the ball track is an area from the joint center plane EM to the second side S2, and in each case, one reference radius RB ′ is separated radially inward, The radius center point MB ′ of the reference radius RB ′ is located at the intersection of the perpendicular to the tangent T23 of the ball track center line M23 in the joint center plane and the longitudinal axis.
In the joint outer portion, the center line M22 of the ball track is displaced radially outward beyond the reference radius RB in the region from the joint center plane EM to the second side S2.
In the joint inner portion, the center line M23 of the ball track is located in the region from the joint center plane EM to the first side S1 so as to be displaced radially outward beyond the reference radius RB ′.

  The track shape thus shown allows a reduction in radial ball motion compared to known track shapes. This reduction in ball motion translates into a reduction in cage thickness in the area of the cage window and thus an increase in ball encircling by the ball track. At that time, the expansion of the ball enveloping directly improves the torque capacity of the joint. The first feature that the centerline moves away from the reference radius inward can be started directly at the joint center plane or later. In this case, it can be particularly increased gradually. The second feature that the center line is displaced outward beyond the reference radius is that it is displaced directly outward from the reference radius, crosses the reference radius with a slight delay, and is subsequently displaced outward. Is included.

In another advantageous configuration:
In the joint outer portion, the local curvature radius R1 of the center line M22 in the joint center plane EM is smaller than the reference radius RB,
In the joint inner portion, the local curvature radius R1 ′ of the center line M23 in the joint center plane EM is smaller than the reference radius RB ′.

In yet another advantageous configuration:
In the outer joint part, radially outward extending, reference radius R Z radius center point joint of each case reference radius R Z centerline M22 ball tracks toward the first side S1 from the joint center plane EM Located at the center point M,
At the inner part of the joint, the center line M23 of the ball track extends from the joint center plane EM toward the second side S2 in the radial direction of the reference radius RZ ′ each time, and the radius center point of the reference radius RZ ′ is the joint. Located at the center point M.

In yet another advantageous configuration:
In the joint outer part, the center line M22 of the ball track extends radially outward from the reference radius RB each time from the joint center plane EM toward the second side S2.
In the joint inner part, the center line M23 of the ball track extends outward in the radial direction of the reference radius RB ′ each time from the joint center plane EM toward the first side S1.

In yet another advantageous configuration:
In the joint outer portion, the center line M22 of the ball track extends from the joint center plane EM toward the second side S2 in each case in the radial direction of the reference radius RZ centered on the joint center point M.
In the joint inner part, the center line M23 of the ball track extends radially inward of the reference radius RZ ′ centered on the joint center point M from the joint center plane EM toward the first side S1.

In yet another advantageous configuration:
The center lines M22, M23 of the outer ball track and the inner ball track each have at least two arc segments curved in opposite directions, the arc segments being connected to each other at a turning point;
The turning point W22 of the outer ball track is located at a distance from the center plane EM toward the second side S2,
The turning point W23 of the inner ball track is located at a distance from the central plane EM toward the first side S1,
In each case, the turning point is located below the maximum value of the distance between the longitudinal axis L12, L13 and the center line M22, M23.

In yet another specific configuration:
The track center line M22 of the outer ball track has a first arc with a radius R1, and the center point M1 of the radius R1 is the center plane EM of the joint by the first axial offset O1a. From the longitudinal axis L12 to the ball track by the amount of the first radial offset O1r, and The track center line M22 has a second arc having a radius R2 connected to the first arc toward the second side S2 , and the center point M2 of the radius R2 is the second axis. Is offset from the center plane EM of the joint toward the second side S2 by a direction offset O2a, and more than the sum of the first radius R1 and the first radial offset O1r. Big Min second radial offset O2r only such, are located from the longitudinal axis L12 is offset outwardly,
The track center line M23 of the inner ball track has a first arc having a radius R1 ', and the center point M1' of the radius R1 'is jointed by a first axial offset O1a '. Is shifted from the central plane EM toward the second side S2, and is shifted from the longitudinal axis L13 toward the ball track by the first radial offset O1r '. and, further, the track center line M23 is, the center of the first toward the first side S 1 connected to an arc, 'it has a second arc having a radius R2' radius R2 The point M2 ′ is located offset from the center plane EM of the joint toward the first side S1 by the second axial offset O2 a ′, and the first radius R1 ′ and the first Radial offset O1 of The second radial offset O2r ′, which is larger than the sum of r ′, is shifted outward from the longitudinal axis L13.

In yet another configuration:
The local radius of curvature of the center line M22 of the outer ball track decreases from the center plane EM to the first side S1, and the local radius of curvature of the center line M23 of the inner ball track is second from the center plane EM. It decreases toward the side S2.

Especially in this case:
The track center line M22 of the outer ball track has a third arc with a radius of curvature R3, the third arc is tangential and has the same curvature direction and the first arc with the radius of curvature R1. The radius of curvature R3 of the third arc is smaller than the radius of curvature R1,
The track center line M23 of the inner ball track has a third arc having a radius of curvature R3 ', the third arc being tangential and having the same curvature direction, the first arc having a radius of curvature R1'. The radius of curvature R3 ′ of the third arc is smaller than the radius of curvature R1 ′.

In yet another configuration:
During the course of the center line M22 of the outer ball track, a straight line G3 parallel to the axis line is connected to the second arc toward the second side S2, and during the course of the center line M23 of the inner ball track, A straight line G3 'parallel to the axis is connected to the second arc toward the first side S1.

An alternative configuration is:
During the course of the center line M22 of the outer ball track, a straight line approaching the longitudinal axis is connected to the second arc toward the second side S2, and the course of the center line M23 of the inner ball track A straight line approaching the longitudinal axis is connected to the second arc toward the first side S1.

In the proposed configuration according to these features:
The ball track center lines M22 and M23 intersect at an angle of 4 ° to 32 ° in the joint center plane, and the track track tangents T22 ′ and T23 ′ of all the track pairs are extended by the joint extension. Sometimes the same opening angle α is formed.

In yet another advantageous configuration, the track shape is:
Ball, radial motion e during motion along the ball track over the maximum operating angle or full angular range ± β _max / 2 is limited to the value of _{e ≦ 0.06 · β max · PCR} ( (Where β _max is the maximum bending angle or working angle in the arc method, and PCR is the pitch circle radius of the joint.)
Designed as such. Thereby, small cage thicknesses and large track depths can be observed. A large track depth leads to a large ball enveloping angle γ22, γ23 and thus a high torque capacity of the joint.

The second solution is for constant velocity joints in the form of fixed joints:
A joint outer part is provided, the joint outer part having a longitudinal axis L12, a first side S1 and a second side S2 which are located opposite to each other in the axial direction, and an outer ball track. And
A joint inner part is provided, the joint inner part having a longitudinal axis L13, connecting means for an axis extending towards the opening of the joint outer part, and an inner ball track;
The outer ball track and the inner ball track form a track pair with each other,
Each pair of trucks contains one ball that conveys torque,
A ring-shaped ball cage is mounted between the outer part of the joint and the inner part of the joint and has a cage window distributed in the circumferential direction, each of which has at least one ball carrying torque. Contain,
The center point of the ball is held in the joint center plane by the cage, and is guided on a plane that bisects the angle between the longitudinal axes L12 and L13 when the joint is bent,
The center lines M22, M23 of the ball pairs of the track pair are located within a pair of track planes BE, BE ^* extending substantially symmetrically and parallel to the radial plane ER passing through the joint, and the center of the track pair The lines M22, M23 are substantially mirror-symmetric with respect to the joint center plane EM;
In the joint center plane EM, the opening angle α between the track bottom line tangents T22 ′ and T23 ′ extending in parallel to the tangent lines T22 and T23 of the ball track centerlines M22 and M23 is the longitudinal axis L12 and L13 of the joint. Are extended from the second side S2 toward the first side S1 during extension with
In the joint outer portion, the center line M22 of the ball track is an area extending from the joint center plane EM to the first side S1, and in each case, one reference radius RB is separated radially inward. The radius center point MBE of the radius RB is the intersection of the perpendicular to the tangent line T22 of the ball track center line M22 in the joint center plane EM and the parallel axes PE, PE ^* with respect to the longitudinal axis L12 passing through the track planes BE, BE ^*. Located in the
In the joint inner portion, the center line M23 of the ball track is an area from the joint center plane EM to the second side S2, and in each case, one reference radius RB ′ is separated radially inward, The radius center point MBE ′ of the reference radius RB ′ is perpendicular to the tangent line T23 of the center line M23 of the ball track 23 in the joint center plane EM and parallel axes PE, PE to the longitudinal axis L13 passing through the track planes BE, BE ^{*. *} Located at the intersection with
In the joint outer portion, the center line M22 of the ball track is displaced radially outward beyond the reference radius RB in the region from the joint center plane EM to the second side S2.
In the joint inner portion, the center line M23 of the ball track is located in the region from the joint center plane EM to the first side S1 so as to be displaced radially outward beyond the reference radius RB ′.

The solution proposed thereby differs from the first solution in which the track centerline of the track pair is located in a radial plane ER passing through the joint center axis L12, L13, in this case the adjacent In each case, the center line of the two ball track pairs extends in two track planes BE, BE ^* arranged substantially parallel to each other and symmetrically and parallel to the radial plane ER. In that case, the radial plane ER is defined by the longitudinal axes L12, L13 during extension of the joint, as in the first solution. Track shape, the first solution is a and principles the same case, when the second solution, the reference plane located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L12, L13 to as radial plane E R A parallel axis PE, PE ^* with respect to the longitudinal axis, and a reference center point ME, which is located on the parallel axis PE, PE ^* and located at the intersection of the parallel axis and the joint center plane EM, is located in EX. Take it. A joint of the type described thereby has a number of track pairs divisible by 2 when each time a unique track pair is located in each track plane BE, BE ^* . The joint has, in each track plane BE, BE ^* , a number of track pairs that is divisible by 4 when two track pairs that are symmetrically shaped and are substantially diametrically opposed are located. Yes. The track planes BE, BE ^* can also form a small symmetrical angle with the respective radial plane ER.

  As described above, another advantageous configuration corresponds substantially to the configuration according to the first solution, with corresponding changes in the reference points. From this, the following configuration is obtained.

In an advantageous configuration:
In the joint outer portion, the local curvature radius R1 of the center line M22 in the joint center plane EM is smaller than the reference radius RB,
In the joint inner portion, the local curvature radius R1 ′ of the center line M23 in the joint center plane EM is smaller than the reference radius RB ′.

In yet another advantageous configuration:
In the outer joint part, radially outward extending, radial center point joint center of the reference radius RZ of each case reference radius RZ center line M22 of the ball tracks toward the first side S 1 from the joint center plane EM Located on one of the parallel axes PE, PE ^{* in} the plane EM,
At the inner part of the joint, the center line M23 of the ball track extends from the joint center plane EM toward the second side S2 in the radial direction of the reference radius RZ ′ each time, and the radius center point of the reference radius RZ ′ is the joint. It is located on one of the parallel axes PE, PE ^{* in} the center plane EM.

In yet another advantageous configuration:
In the joint outer part, the center line M22 of the ball track extends radially outward from the reference radius RB each time from the joint center plane EM toward the second side S2.
In the joint inner part, the center line M23 of the ball track extends from the joint center plane EM toward the first side S1 in the radial direction outside the reference radius RB ′ each time.

In yet another configuration:
In the joint outer part, the center line M22 of the ball track extends from the joint center plane EM toward the second side S2 in the radial direction of the reference radius RZ each time, and the radius center point ME of the reference radius RZ is the joint center. Located on one of the parallel axes PE, PE ^{* in} the plane EM,
In the joint inner portion, the center line M23 of the ball track extends radially inward of the reference radius RZ ′ each time from the joint center plane EM toward the first side S1, and the radius center point ME ′ of the reference radius RZ ′. Is located on one of the parallel axes PE, PE ^{* in} the joint center plane EM.

In yet another configuration:
The center lines M22, M23 of the outer ball track and the inner ball track each have at least two arc segments curved in opposite directions, the arc segments being connected to each other at a turning point;
The turning point W22 of the outer ball track is located in the track planes BE, BE ^* at a distance from the center plane EM toward the second side S2.
The turning point W23 of the inner ball track is located in the track planes BE, BE ^* at an interval from the center plane EM toward the first side S1,
In each case, the turning points W22 and W23 are located below the maximum value of the distance between the parallel axes PE and PE ^* and the center lines M22 and M23.

In yet another specific configuration:
The track center line M22 of the outer ball track has a first arc having a radius R1, and the center point M1 of the radius R1 is within the track planes BE and BE ^* with respect to the first axial offset O1a. By a distance from the center plane EM of the joint toward the first side S1 and from the parallel axes PE, PE ^* to the outside or the ball track by the first radial offset O1r. The track center line M22 is connected to the first arc and has a second arc having a radius R2 toward the second side S2, center point M2 track plane bE radius R2, in the bE ^*, an amount corresponding offset O2a the second axis direction and located offset from the center plane EM of the joint towards the second side S2, One the first radius R1 amount corresponding to the first large second than the sum of the radial offset O1r radial offset O2 r, located is offset parallel axes PE, from PE ^* outward And
The track center line M23 of the inner ball track has a first arc having a radius R1 ', and the center point M1' of the radius R1 'is within the track planes BE, BE ^* in the first axial direction. The offset O1a 'is shifted from the joint center plane EM toward the second side S2, and the first radial offset O1r ' is from the parallel axes PE, PE ^*. A second arc having a radius R2 'is located on the outer side or shifted toward the ball track, and the track center line M23 is connected to the first arc and toward the first side S1. The center point M2 'of the radius R2' is directed from the joint center plane EM to the first side S1 by the amount of the second axial offset O2a 'in the track planes BE and BE ^* . Teasing And is located outside the parallel axes PE, PE ^{* by a} second radial offset O2r ′ that is greater than the sum of the first radius R1 ′ and the first radial offset O1r ′. The position is shifted toward.

In yet another configuration:
The radius of curvature of the center line M22 of the outer ball track decreases from the center plane EM to the first side S1, and the radius of curvature of the center line M23 of the inner ball track decreases from the center plane EM to the second side S2.

In yet another configuration:
The track center line M22 of the outer ball track has a third arc with a radius of curvature R3, the third arc is tangential and has the same curvature direction and the first arc with the radius of curvature R1. The radius of curvature R3 of the third arc is smaller than the radius of curvature R1,
The track center line M23 of the inner ball track has a third arc having a radius of curvature R3 ', the third arc being tangential and having the same curvature direction, the first arc having a radius of curvature R1'. The radius of curvature R3 ′ of the third arc is smaller than the radius of curvature R1 ′.

In yet another configuration:
During the course of the center line M22 of the outer ball track, a straight line parallel to the axis line is connected to the second arc toward the second side S2, and during the course of the center line M23 of the inner ball track, the first A straight line G3 ′ parallel to the axis is connected to the second arc toward the side S1.

An alternative configuration is:
During the course of the center line M22 of the outer ball track, a straight line approaching the parallel axes PE and PE ^* is connected to the second arc toward the second side S2, and the center line M23 of the inner ball track. In the course of this, a straight line approaching the parallel axes PE, PE ^* is connected to the second arc toward the first side S1.

  Again, the center lines M22, M23 of the ball tracks intersect at an angle of 4 ° to 32 ° in the joint center plane EM, and the tangents T22 ′, T23 ′ of the track bottoms of the ball tracks of all track pairs are When the joint is extended, the same opening angle α is formed.

Again, an advantageous configuration is that the track shape is:
The radial movement e of the ball during movement along the ball track over the maximum operating angle or over the entire angular range ± β _max / 2 is limited to a value of e ≦ 0.06 · β _max · PCR (provided that , Β _max is the maximum bending angle or working angle in the arc method, and PCR is the pitch circle radius of the joint.)
Can be designed as. Thereby, small cage thicknesses and large track depths can be observed. A large track depth leads to a large ball enveloping angle γ22, γ23 and thus a high torque capacity of the joint.

The joint thus depicted preferably has a number of track pairs divisible by 4. In this case, in particular, the balls of two adjacent pairs of tracks located in the parallel track planes BE, BE ^* are each accommodated in one common or only cage window of the ball cage. .

  For both solutions defined above, as defined by the independent claims, two different structural types are possible due to the change of the track course between the joint bottom of the joint outer part and the joint opening. is there.

  In a first alternative configuration, the first side of the track course is the connection side of the joint outer part and the second side of the track course is the opening side of the joint outer part. In a second alternative configuration, the first side of the track course is the opening side of the joint outer part and the second side of the track course is the connection side of the joint outer part.

  In principle, a joint configuration as a disc joint can also be considered. In this case, the first side and the second side each define one of both openings of the joint outer portion. One opening is penetrated by the shaft towards the inner joint part and the other opening forms a flange fixing or mounting surface for the outer joint part.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawing, an advantageous embodiment of a joint according to the invention is shown in comparison with a joint according to the background art.
FIG. 1: a) one-side longitudinal sectional view b) one-side transverse sectional view of the joint of the first configuration of the first solution according to the present invention.
FIG. 2: a) A view in the axial direction of the joint according to the invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 3: a) A view in the axial direction of a joint of the first configuration of the second solution according to the invention, b) a longitudinal section.
FIG. 4: a) one-side longitudinal sectional view b) one-side transverse sectional view of the joint of the second configuration of the first solution according to the present invention.
5: a) axial view of the joint according to the invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 6: a) A view in the axial direction of a joint of the second configuration of the second solution according to the invention, b) a longitudinal section.
FIG. 7: a) view of the joint according to the background art as viewed in the axial direction b) longitudinal section.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the longitudinal axis and the track center line of the joint of the first configuration according to the present invention, corresponding to a) joint outer part b) joint inner part, respectively.
FIG. 9 shows the longitudinal axis and track centerline of a specially constructed joint according to the invention, corresponding to a) the joint outer part b) the joint inner part, respectively.
Figure 10: Passing through a track pair,
a) Partial cross-sectional view of a joint according to the invention b) Partial cross-sectional view of a joint according to the background art.

  1a and 1b will be described together below. The joint 11 has one joint outer part 12, one joint inner part 13, six balls 14 (three of which can be seen from one side sectional view) for transmitting torque, and one ball cage 15. ing. The cage has a spherical outer surface 16 guided to the joint outer portion and a spherical cage inner surface 17 guided to the joint inner portion. However, this second contact is not forced. The balls 14 are held in one joint center plane EM in a cage window 18 distributed circumferentially to the ball cage 15. The joint outer portion 12 is shown with a longitudinal axis L12, and the joint inner portion 13 is shown with a longitudinal axis L13. The intersection of the longitudinal axes L12, L13 and the joint center plane EM forms a joint center point M. The joint outer part 12 has, for example, a bottom 19 that can be transferred to a connecting journal and an opening 20 into which a journal that can be coupled to the joint inner part can be inserted. For this purpose, the joint inner part 13 has a plug opening 21. The position of the bottom 19 indicates the axial direction toward the “first side S1”, and the position of the opening 20 indicates the axial direction toward the “second side S2”. This concept also applies to the inner part of the joint.

With respect to the maximum bending angle β _max of the joint inner part 13 with respect to the joint outer part 12 starting from the center plane EM, the ball contact range β _max / 2 in both directions is shown. The ball 14 is guided in an outer ball track 22 provided in the joint outer portion and an inner ball track 23 provided in the joint inner portion. A total of six ball tracks are uniformly formed around the periphery. Although the ball 14 is shown in contact with the track bottom of the ball track, contact need not necessarily be provided. The tangents T22 'and T23' of the ball 14 at the contact point where the ball 14 contacts the tracks 22 and 23 at the extended position shown in the drawing form an opening angle α that opens toward the connection side. In order to depict the ball tracks 22, 23, the center lines M22, M23 of the ball track are further taken as a reference. In the center plane EM, tangents T22 and T23 of the center line are shown. The tangent lines T22 and T23 are positioned parallel to the tangent lines T22 ′ and T23 ′. The angle α between the tangent lines T22 and T23 is 4 ° to 32 °. When the joint inner portion 13 is bent clockwise with respect to the joint outer portion 12, the ball 14 shown in the longitudinal sectional view moves toward the joint opening 20 in the right direction. When the joint inner portion 13 is bent counterclockwise with respect to the joint outer portion 12, the ball 14 shown in the longitudinal sectional view moves leftward toward the bottom 19.

2a and 2b are described together below. A joint 11 of the configuration shown in FIG. 1 according to the invention is shown in two complete drawings. The same items as those in FIGS. 1a and 1b are denoted by the same reference numerals. Cross section shown in Figure 2b, along the section line A-A shown in Figure 2a, in the drawing the upper half, extending through the radial plane E R include joint, the center line of the track pair 22, 23 In the lower half of the drawing, it extends through the middle of the two track pairs 22,23. Here, in detail, each track pair is located in its radial plane ER passing through the joint with its center line M22, M23, the radial planes ER having the same angular spacing from each other, and It can be seen that one ball 14 is housed in the ball cage 15 by the cage window 18 each time. Of particular note is the relatively small radial motion of the ball 14 while it moves along the ball track in the angular range ± β _max / 2 (FIGS. 8a, 8b). The radial movement of the ball defines the cage thickness DK and thus the track depth of the ball track. The reduced cage thickness DK increases the possible track depth, which in turn results in an increased wrap angle (γ22, γ23) and thus an increased load capacity of the ball (FIGS. 10a, 10b). The cage thickness DK in the region of the cage window 18 is preferably the pitch circle radius PCR, i.e. the center point at the intersection of the joint center point M and the center lines M22 and M23 of the ball when the joint is extended. It is smaller than 8% of the interval between.

3a and 3b will be described together below. FIG. 3 shows a joint 11 having a configuration modified from the configuration shown in FIG. Items that are the same as in FIGS. 1a and 1b are nevertheless labeled with the same reference numerals. The joint 11 of this second configuration according to the invention comprises a ball track 22, located in a track plane BE, BE ^* arranged symmetrically in pairs with respect to a radial plane ER1, ER2 passing through the joint. 23. FIG. 3b shows an offset cross-sectional view extending along the cross-sectional line FF shown in FIG. 3a. The cross-section shown in FIG. 3b extends through any one of the track planes BE1 ^* offset parallel to the radial plane ER1 in the upper half of the drawing, and in the lower half of the drawing two track pairs Extending through a radial plane between. All centerlines M22, M23 of the track pair extend in the form shown in FIG. 3b. In this case, the tracks of the four track pairs are in each case located in the track planes BE1, BE1 ^* which are located parallel and symmetrical to the first radial plane ER1, and The tracks are located in track planes BE2, BE2 ^* extending parallel and equally spaced relative to the second radial plane ER2. The track plane then includes parallel axes PE, PE ^* with a minimum spacing relative to the longitudinal axis. The parallel axes PE, PE ^* thereby form a line of intersection between the track plane and the reference planes EX1, EX2 situated perpendicular to the corresponding radial planes E R1, E R2. On the parallel axes PE and PE ^* , the track center points ME and ME ^* are located at the shortest distance from the joint center point M. When four track pairs are arranged symmetrically with respect to three or four radial planes ER at equal pitch angles in each case, twelve or sixteen track pairs 22, 23 are provided, Correspondingly, a joint with 12 or 16 balls 14 is obtained. Here, as in the above configuration, a relatively thin configuration of the ball cage 15 is pointed out. The cage thickness DK in the area of the cage window 18 of the ball cage 15 is preferably the pitch circle radius PCR, ie the ball at the intersection of the track center point ME and the center lines M22, M23 when the joint is extended. This corresponds to a maximum of 8% of the distance from the center point. In accordance with FIG. 3a, the center point ME1 ^* shown in FIG. 3b is not a joint center point but a track curve center point located in one of the track planes BE1, BE1 ^* .

  4a and 4b will be collectively described below with reference to the description of FIGS. 1a and 1b. The same items as those in FIGS. 1a and 1b are denoted by the same reference numerals. Refer to the description of FIGS. 1a and 1b for this point. Unlike the joints shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, the ball track has a reverse course. The tangents T22 'and T23' of the ball 14 at the contact point where the ball 14 contacts the tracks 22 and 23 at the extended position shown in the figure form an opening angle α that opens toward the bottom. Thereby, due to the passage of the ball track, the position of the opening 20 points to the first side S1 and the position of the bottom 19 points to the second side S2.

5a and 5b will be described below with reference to the description of FIGS. 2a and 2b. In FIG. 5, the joint 11 of the configuration shown in FIG. 4 according to the invention is shown in two complete sectional views. The same items as those in FIGS. 2a and 2b are denoted by the same reference numerals. The cross-section shown in FIG. 5b extends along the cross-sectional line AA shown in FIG. 5a and, in the upper half of the drawing, through a radial plane ER that includes the centerline of the track pairs 22, 23 in the joint. In the lower half of the drawing, it extends through the middle of the two track pairs 22,23. Here, in detail, each track pair is located in its radial plane ER passing through the joint with its center line M22, M23, the radial planes ER having the same angular spacing from each other, and It can be seen that one ball 14 is housed in the ball cage 15 by the cage window 18 each time. Of particular note is the relatively small radial motion of the ball 14 while it moves along the ball track in the angular range ± β _max / 2 (FIGS. 8a, 8b). The radial movement of the ball defines the cage thickness DK and thus the track depth of the ball track. The reduced cage thickness DK increases the possible track depth, which in turn results in an increased wrap angle (γ22, γ23) and thus an increased load capacity of the ball (FIGS. 10a, 10b). The cage thickness DK in the region of the cage window 18 is preferably the pitch circle radius PCR, i.e. the center point at the intersection of the joint center point M and the center lines M22 and M23 of the ball when the joint is extended. It is smaller than 8% of the interval between.

6a and 6b will be collectively described below with reference to the description of FIGS. 3a and 3b. FIG. 6 shows a joint 11 having a configuration modified from the configuration shown in FIG. Items that are the same as in FIGS. 1a and 1b are nevertheless labeled with the same reference numerals. The joint 11 of this second configuration according to the invention comprises a ball track 22, located in a track plane BE, BE ^* arranged symmetrically in pairs with respect to a radial plane ER1, ER2 passing through the joint . 23. FIG. 6b shows an offset cross-sectional view extending along the cross-sectional line FF shown in FIG. 6a. The cross section shown in FIG. 6b extends through one of the track planes BE1 ^* offset parallel to the radial plane ER1 in the upper half of the drawing, and in the lower half of the drawing two track pairs Extending through a radial plane between. All centerlines M22, M23 of the track pair extend in the form shown in FIG. 6b. In this case, the tracks of the four track pairs are in each case located in the track planes BE1, BE1 ^* which are located parallel and symmetrical to the first radial plane ER1, and The tracks are located in track planes BE2, BE2 ^* extending parallel and equally spaced relative to the second radial plane ER2 . The track plane then includes parallel axes PE, PE ^* with a minimum spacing relative to the longitudinal axis . The parallel axes PE, PE ^* thereby form a line of intersection between the track plane and the reference planes EX1, EX2 situated perpendicular to the corresponding radial planes ER1, ER2. On the parallel axes PE and PE ^* , the track center points ME and ME ^* are located at the shortest distance from the joint center point M. When four track pairs are arranged symmetrically with respect to three or four radial planes ER at equal pitch angles in each case, twelve or sixteen track pairs 22, 23 are provided, Correspondingly, a joint with 12 or 16 balls 14 is obtained. Here, as in the above configuration, a relatively thin configuration of the ball cage 15 is pointed out. The cage thickness DK in the area of the cage window 18 of the ball cage 15 is preferably the pitch circle radius PCR, ie the ball at the intersection of the track center point ME and the center lines M22, M23 when the joint is extended. This corresponds to a maximum of 8% of the distance from the center point. In accordance with FIG. 6a, the center point ME1 ^* shown in FIG. 6b is not the joint center point but the track curve center point located in one of the track planes BE1 and BE1 ^* .

  7a and 7b will be described together below. FIG. 7 shows a known structural type UF joint. In a known type of UF joint, the center line of the ball track extends in a radial plane through the joint. The same items as those in FIGS. 1a and 2a are denoted by the same reference numerals. FIG. 7b shows a radial section through the center plane of the track pairs 22, 23 in the upper half of the drawing along the section line EE shown in FIG. 7a, A radial cross section through between the two track pairs 22, 23 is shown. The outer ball track 22 and the inner ball track 23 of the track pair widen from the bottom 19 of the joint outer portion 12 toward the opening 20 of the joint outer portion 12, and are undercut free when viewed from the opening side. It should be pointed out that the ball cage 15 is thicker than the joint according to the invention shown in FIGS. Each of the track center lines M22 and M23 includes one arc and one straight line connected to the arc in the tangential direction.

FIG. 8a shows a track center line M22 of the outer ball track 22 shown in any one of FIGS. 1 to 3 extending parallel to the track bottom line. A track center line M22 provided in the outer portion includes a first radius R1 centered on a center point M1 having a first axial offset O1a and a radial offset O1r, and a second axial offset. It consists second radius R2 and having a O2a and offset O2 r of the second radial direction. The transition is indicated by the turning point W22. A straight line G3 parallel to the axis L12, PE, PE ^* is connected to the second radius R2 in the tangential direction. A tangent line T22 of the center line M22 is shown in the center plane EM. The tangent line T22 intersects the longitudinal axis L12, PE, PE ^* at an angle α / 2. The perpendicular of the tangent line T22 intersects the longitudinal axes L12, PE, PE ^* at the reference center points MB, MBE having the reference radius RB. Another reference radius RZ is shown centered on track center points M, ME. On the left side of the center plane EM, toward the first side S1, the center line M22 extends inside the radius RB and outside the radius RZ, that is, an arc of a radius RB centered on the reference center points MB and MBE. It extends outside the arc of radius RZ centered on the inside and track center points M, ME. On the right side of the center plane EM, toward the second side S2, the center line M22 extends substantially outside the radius RB, that is, outside the arc of the radius RB centered on the reference center points MB and MBE. It extends. The radial ball movement with respect to the track center points M, ME while the ball moves along the ball trajectory is denoted e. This corresponds to the minimum thickness of the ball cage in the cage window area. In this case, there is a need for an additional safety measure to avoid support at the edge, i.

FIG. 8b shows a track center line M23 of the associated inner ball track 23 shown in any one of FIGS. 1 to 3 and extending parallel to the track bottom line. A center line M23 of the track 23 provided in the inner portion 13 is composed of a first radius R1 ′ centered on the center point M1 ′ and a second radius R2 ′ centered on the center point M2 ′. . The transition is indicated by the turning point W23. A straight line G3 ′ parallel to the axes L13, PE, PE ^* is connected to the second radius R2 ′. Here, the center point M1 ′ has an axial offset O1a ′ and a radial offset O1r ′, and the center point M2 ′ has an axial offset O2a ′ and a radial offset O2r ′. ing. A tangent line T23 of the center line M23 is shown in the center plane EM. The tangent line T23 intersects the longitudinal axis L13, PE, PE ^* under an angle α / 2. The perpendicular of the tangent line T23 intersects the longitudinal axis L1 2 , PE, PE ^* at the reference center points MB ′, MBE ′ of the reference radius RB ′. Another reference radius R Z ′ is shown centered on track center points M and ME. On the right side of the center plane EM, toward the second side S2, the center line M23 extends inside the radius RB ′ and outside the radius RZ ′, that is, a radius centered on the reference center points MB ′ and MBE ′. It extends inside the arc of RB ′ and outside the arc of radius RZ ′ centered on the track center points M and ME. On the left side of the center plane EM, toward the first side S1, the center line M23 extends at least mainly outside the radius RB ′, that is, with a radius RB ′ centered on the reference center points MB ′ and MBE ′. It extends outside the arc. The radial ball movement with respect to the track center points M, ME while the ball moves along the ball trajectory is denoted e. Both center lines M22 and M23 in FIGS. 5a and 5b intersect at an angle α in the joint center plane EM and extend mirror-symmetrically with respect to this center plane.

FIG. 9a shows a track center line M22 of the modified configuration of the outer ball track 22 extending parallel to the track bottom line. A track center line M22 provided in the outer portion includes a first radius R1 centered on a center point M1 having a first axial offset O1a and a radial offset O1r, and a second axial offset. A second radius R2 having O2a and a second radial offset O2 r, and a third radius R2 connected to the radius R1 opposite the radius R2, smaller than the radius R1 and curved in the same direction It consists of radius R3. At that time, the position of the center point M3 is not defined in detail. The transition between the first radius and the second radius is indicated by the turning point W22. A straight line G3 parallel to the axis L12, PE, PE ^* is connected to the second radius R2 in the tangential direction. In the center plane EM, a tangent line T22 of the center line M22 is shown. The tangent line T22 intersects the longitudinal axis L12, PE, PE ^* at an angle α / 2. The perpendicular of the tangent line T22 intersects the longitudinal axes L12, PE, PE ^* at the reference center points MB, MBE having the reference radius RB. Another reference radius is shown around the track center points M, ME. On the left side of the center plane, toward the first side S1, the center line 22 extends inside the radius RB and outside the radius RZ. On the right side of the center plane EM, toward the second side S2, the center line M22 mainly extends outside the radius RB. The radial ball movement with respect to the track center points M, ME while the ball moves along the ball trajectory is denoted e. This corresponds to the minimum thickness of the ball cage in the cage window area. In this case, an additional safety measure for avoiding support at the edge portion, that is, contact with one another is necessary.

FIG. 9b shows a track centerline M23 of the modified inner ball track 23 that extends parallel to the track bottom line in a modified configuration. A center line M23 of the track 23 provided in the inner portion 13 includes a first radius R1 ′ centered on the center point M1 ′, a second radius R2 ′ centered on the center point M2 ′, and a radius R2 ′. It is connected to the radius R1 'on the opposite side, and comprises a third radius R3' that is smaller than the radius R1 ' and curved in the same direction. A straight line G3 ′ parallel to the axes L13, PE, PE ^* is connected to the second radius R2 ′. Here, the center point M1 ′ has an axial offset O1a ′ and a radial offset O1r ′, and the center point M2 ′ has an axial offset O2a ′ and a radial offset O2r ′. ing. The position of the center point M3 'is not dimensioned in detail. A tangent line T23 of the center line M23 is shown in the center plane EM. The tangent line T23 intersects the longitudinal axis L13, PE, PE ^* under an angle α / 2. The perpendicular of the tangent line T23 intersects the longitudinal axes L1 3 , PE, PE ^* at the reference center points MB ′, MBE ′ of the reference radius RB ′. Another reference radius RZ 'is shown centered on track center points M, ME. On the right side of the center plane EM, toward the second side S2, the center line M23 extends inside the radius RB ′ and outside the radius RZ ′. On the left side of the center plane EM, the center line M23 mainly extends outside the radius RB ′ toward the first side S1. The radial ball movement with respect to the track center points M, ME while the ball moves along the ball trajectory is denoted e. Both center lines M22 and M23 of FIGS. 6a and 6b intersect at an angle α in the joint center plane EM and extend mirror-symmetrically with respect to the center plane EM.

  FIG. 10 shows the influence of the thin cage 15 on the joint according to the invention (FIG. 10a) compared to the joint according to the background art (FIG. 10b). The relatively thin cage 15 according to the present invention allows for relatively large track enclosure angles γ22, γ23 in the outer track 22 and the inner track 23.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of one side of a joint of the first solution of the first solution according to the present invention, and b) a lateral sectional view of one side. FIG. 2 is a view in the axial direction of the joint according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1, and b) a longitudinal sectional view. FIG. 6 is a view in the axial direction of a joint of the first configuration of the second solution according to the present invention, and b) a longitudinal sectional view. FIG. 4 is a) one-side longitudinal cross-sectional view and b) one-side cross-sectional view of the joint of the second configuration of the first solution according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a view in the axial direction of the joint according to the present invention shown in FIG. 4, and b) a longitudinal sectional view. FIG. 6 is a view in the axial direction of the joint of the second configuration of the second solution according to the present invention, and b) a longitudinal sectional view. It is the figure seen in the axial direction of the joint by background art, b) The longitudinal cross-sectional view. It is a figure which shows the longitudinal direction axis line and track | truck centerline of the joint of the 1st structure by this invention, and is a figure corresponding to a) joint outer part and b) joint inner part, respectively. FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal axis and a track center line of a specially constructed joint according to the invention, corresponding to a) the joint outer part and b) the joint inner part, respectively. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a joint according to the invention, b) a partial cross-sectional view of a joint according to the background art, passing through a track pair.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Joint 12 Joint outer part 13 Joint inner part 14 Ball 15 Cage 16 Cage outer surface 17 Cage inner surface 18 Cage window 19 Bottom 20 Opening 21 Insertion opening 22 Outer ball track 23 Inner ball track 24 Track bottom (outer ball track)
25 Track bottom (inner ball track)
26 Track side 27 Track side ER Radial plane EM Joint center plane L12 Longitudinal axis (outer part)
L13 Longitudinal axis (inner part)
M22 center line (Track 22)
M23 center line (Track 23)
S1 first side S2 second side

Claims (2)

In constant velocity joints in the form of fixed joints,
A joint outer part (12) is provided, and the joint outer part (12) is arranged so that the longitudinal axis (L12) and the first side (S1) and the second side (in the axial direction facing each other) S2) and an outer ball track (22),
A joint inner part (13) is provided, the joint inner part (13) being a longitudinal axis (L13) and connecting means for an axis extending towards the opening (20) of the joint outer part (12) And an inner ball track (23),
The outer ball track (22) and the inner ball track (23) form a track pair (22, 23) with each other,
Each pair of trucks contains one ball (14) that conveys torque,
A ring-shaped ball cage (15) is mounted between the joint outer part (12) and the joint inner part (13) and has a cage window (18) distributed in the circumferential direction. (18) contains at least one ball that transmits torque each time,
The center point of the ball (14) is held in the joint center plane (EM) by the cage (15) and is guided on a plane that bisects the angle between the longitudinal axes (L12, L13) when the joint is bent. And
The center lines (M22, M23) of the ball tracks (22, 23) of the track pair are located in a radial plane (ER) through the joint;
Opening between tangents (T22 ′, T23 ′) of the track bottom line extending parallel to the tangents (T22, T23) of the center line (M22, M23) of the ball track (22, 23) in the joint center plane (EM) The angle α is open from the second side (S2) to the first side (S1) when the joint is extended with the longitudinal axes (L12, L13) coincident,
In the joint outer portion (12), the center line (M22) of the ball track (22) is an area from the joint center plane (EM) to the first side (S1), and each time a reference radius (RB) is set. The radius center point (MB) of the reference radius (RB) is away from the inside in the radial direction, and the tangent line (T22) of the center line (M22) of the ball track (22) in the joint center plane (EM). Is located at the intersection of the perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L12),
In the joint inner portion (13), the center line (M23) of the ball track (23) is a region from the joint center plane (EM) to the second side (S2), and each time, one reference radius (RB ′). Is radially inward, and the radius center point (MB ′) of the reference radius (RB ′) is tangent to the center line (M23) of the ball track (23) in the joint center plane (EM). Located at the intersection of the perpendicular to (T23) and the longitudinal axis (L13),
In the joint outer portion (12), the center line (M22) of the ball track (22) is a region extending from the joint center plane (EM) to the second side (S2) and exceeding the reference radius (RB). Displaced outward in the direction,
In the joint inner portion (13), the center line (M23) of the ball track (23) is in the region from the joint center plane (EM) to the first side (S1) and exceeds the reference radius (RB ′). A constant velocity joint with less radial movement of the ball, characterized by being displaced radially outward. In constant velocity joints in the form of fixed joints,
A joint outer part (12) is provided, and the joint outer part (12) is arranged so that the longitudinal axis (L12) and the first side (S1) and the second side (in the axial direction facing each other) S2) and an outer ball track (22),
A joint inner part (13) is provided, the joint inner part (13) being a longitudinal axis (L13) and connecting means for an axis extending towards the opening (20) of the joint outer part (12) And an inner ball track (23),
The outer ball track (22) and the inner ball track (23) form a track pair (22, 23) with each other,
Each pair of trucks contains one ball (14) that conveys torque,
A ring-shaped ball cage (15) is mounted between the joint outer part (12) and the joint inner part (13) and has a cage window (18) distributed in the circumferential direction. (18) contains at least one ball that transmits torque each time,
The center point of the ball (14) is held in the joint center plane (EM) by the cage (15) and is guided on a plane that bisects the angle between the longitudinal axes (L12, L13) when the joint is bent. And
The center line (M22, M23) of the ball tracks (22, 23) of the track pair extends substantially symmetrically and parallel to the radial plane (ER) through the joint of the track plane (BE, BE ^* ). It is located in the inward,
Opening between tangents (T22 ′, T23 ′) of the track bottom line extending parallel to the tangents (T22, T23) of the center line (M22, M23) of the ball track (22, 23) in the joint center plane (EM) The angle α is open from the second side (S2) to the first side (S1) when the joint is extended with the longitudinal axes (L12, L13) coincident,
In the joint outer portion (12), the center line (M22) of the ball track (22) is an area from the joint center plane (EM) to the first side (S1), and each time a reference radius (RB) is set. The radial center point (MBE) of the reference radius (RB) is tangent (T22) to the center line (M22) of the ball track (22) in the joint center plane (EM). Is located at the intersection of the perpendicular to and the parallel axis (PE, PE ^* ) to the longitudinal axis (L12) through the track plane (BE, BE ^* ),
In the joint inner portion (13), the center line (M23) of the ball track (23) is a region from the joint center plane (EM) to the second side (S2), and each time, one reference radius (RB ′). In the radial direction, and the radius center point (MBE ′) of the reference radius (RB ′) is tangent to the center line (M23) of the ball track (23) in the joint center plane (EM). Located at the intersection of a perpendicular to (T23) and a parallel axis (PE, PE ^* ) to the longitudinal axis (L13) passing through the track plane (BE, BE ^* ),
In the joint outer portion (12), the center line (M22) of the ball track (22) is a region extending from the joint center plane (EM) to the second side (S2) and exceeding the reference radius (RB). Displaced outward in the direction,
In the joint inner portion (13), the center line (M23) of the ball track (23) is in the region from the joint center plane (EM) to the first side (S1) and exceeds the reference radius (RB ′). A constant velocity joint with less radial movement of the ball, characterized by being displaced radially outward.

Images