JP4382934B2

JP4382934B2 - Welding method

Info

Publication number: JP4382934B2
Application number: JP30711599A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 和宏野原; 高太郎永井
Original assignee: Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date: 1999-10-28
Filing date: 1999-10-28
Publication date: 2009-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 2019-10-28
Also published as: JP2001129665A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は溶接方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の溶接方法は、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂを突き合わせ、この突き合わせた部分の隙間に沿って溶接肉盛りして接合させていた。
この溶接方法を図７〜９を参照しながら説明する。
【０００３】
先ず、最も一般的な溶接は、図７（イ）に示すように、鉄板Ａ１００に鉄板Ｂ２００を突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａ１００と鉄板Ｂ２００の間に溶接棒３００を当てながら溶接トーチ４００で加熱し、溶接棒３００や溶接棒３００近傍の鉄板Ａ１００や鉄板Ｂ２００を溶融させ、この溶融した金属５００を鉄板Ａ１００と鉄板Ｂ２００との間に肉盛りして溶接するものである。
【０００４】
この際、鉄板Ａ１００と鉄板Ｂ２００との間に溶融した金属５００を多く溜めて溶接を強固にするために、図７（ロ）に示すように、鉄板Ａ１００とこの鉄板Ａ１００に突き合わせた金属Ｂ２００との間の隙間１５０を設けていた。
すると、この隙間１５０から溶融した鉄が下方に流れ落ちるという問題がある。
かかる問題を解決する方法として、図８（イ）に示すように、隙間１５０の下側に裏当材６００を当てて、溶融した金属の流れ落ちることを防いで溶接することが行われている。
【０００５】
即ち、図８（ロ）に示すように、鉄板Ａ１００に裏当材６００の端面を突き合わせ、この裏当材６００の上に鉄板Ｂ２００を載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂ２００の端面を鉄板Ａ１００に隙間１５０を設けて突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａ１００と鉄板Ｂ２００の突き合わせ部分の隙間１５０に沿って肉盛りして溶接する。
この際、溶融した金属５００が突き合わせ部分に溜まり易いように、この裏当材６００の上面に、突き合わせ方向に傾斜した底面を備えた溝６５０を設け、図８（ハ）に示すように、この溝６５０の傾斜した底面の上に溶融した金属５００を肉盛りして強固に溶接している。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記方法では、鉄板Ａ１００に裏当材６００の端面を突き合わせ保持する適当な手段がなく、裏当材６００を突き合わせた状態に保持するのに苦労していた。
例えば、鉄板Ａ１００の縁部に鉄板Ｂ２００の端面を突き合わせて溶接する場合には、裏当材６００を端から差し入れた万力等で裏当材６００を保持して溶接することができるが、鉄板Ａ１００が幅が広く、端から万力を差し入れても万力が届かない場所に鉄板Ｂ２００の端面を突き合わせて溶接する場合には万力で裏当材６００を保持することができず困るのである。
【０００７】
又、溶接トーチ４００で加熱する際に、図８（イ）に示すように、溶融した金属５００の塊が四方に飛び散るスパッタ５５０が発生する。
特に、鋼板の表面にメッキ処理が施されていたり、油等の不純物が付着していたり、溶接条件が最適でない場合には、このスパッタ５５０が多く発生する。
しかも、このスパッタ５５０は、図９（イ）に示すように、溝６５０の中に落下し溝６５０の傾斜した底面の上を流れて行って、図９（ロ）に示すように、溝の深い場所、即ち、鉄板Ａ１００に鉄板Ｂ２００の端面を突き合わせた場所に蓄積する。
【０００８】
すると、このスパッタ５５０の表面は酸化されていて、図９（ロ）に示すように、溶融した金属の中に溶け込まないでそのまま残ったり、この部分にボイド７００が発生し易い。
その結果、このスパッタ５５０やボイド７００によって溶接面積が少なくなり、溶接部分の機械的強度が劣り、溶接不良となる。
そこで、本発明の目的は、上記問題点を改良した溶接方法、即ち、裏当材を取り付け易かったり、溶接不良とならない溶接方法を提供することである。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記目的を達成するためになしたものであって、請求項１記載の発明は、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂの端面を突き合わせ、この突き合わした部分を溶接する溶接方法であって、前記鉄板Ａに、上面に突き合わせ部分から離れる方向に下向きに傾斜した底面を有する溝を備えた裏当材の端面を突き合わせ、この裏当材の上に鉄板Ｂを載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂを前記裏当材の前記溝の前記底面から離すとともに、前記底面は、前記鉄板Ａ側の前記裏当材の突き合わせ端面から鉄板Ｂの端面の直下部よりもその最下部の方が離れるようにするとともに、前記溝のこの最下部側には溶接の際に溶融金属が流れ込まない空間ができるようにして、鉄板Ｂの端面を、鉄板Ａとの間に隙間を設けて突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａと鉄板Ｂの突き合わせ部分の隙間に沿って肉盛りして溶接するものである。
【００１０】
請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の発明において、前記鉄板Ａに、磁力によって磁石を付着させ、この磁石の上に裏当材を載せた状態で裏当材の端面を鉄板Ａに突き合わせ、この裏当材の上に鉄板Ｂを載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂの端面を鉄板Ａに隙間を設けて突き合わせるものである。
【００１１】
（作用）
請求項１記載の発明では、鉄板Ａに、上面に突き合わせ部分から離れる方向に下向きに傾斜した底面を有する溝を備えた裏当材の端面を突き合わせ、この裏当材の上に鉄板Ｂを載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂを裏当材の溝の底面から離すとともに、底面は、鉄板Ａ側の裏当材の突き合わせ端面から鉄板Ｂの端面の直下部よりもその最下部の方が離れるようにするとともに、前記溝のこの最下部側には溶接の際に溶融金属が流れ込まない空間ができるようにして、鉄板Ｂの端面を、鉄板Ａとの間に隙間を設けて突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａと鉄板Ｂの突き合わせ部分の隙間に沿って肉盛りして溶接するので、溶接の際に飛び散ったスパッタは裏当材の溝の中に落下し溝の底面の傾斜面に沿って流れて、鉄板Ａと鉄板Ｂとの突き合わせ場所から離れた場所に蓄積する。
又、このスパッタ間に発生するボイドも、このスパッタが蓄積した部分で発生する。
【００１２】
このように、このスパッタやスパッタによって生ずるボイドは溶接部分より離れた場所に蓄積し、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂの先端が突き合う部分にはない。
従って、溶接不良とならない。
請求項２記載の発明では、鉄板Ａに磁力によって磁石を付着させ、この磁石の上に裏当材を載せた状態で裏当材の端面を突き合わせ、この裏当材の上に鉄板Ｂを載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂの端面を鉄板Ａに隙間を設けて突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａと鉄板Ｂの突き合わせ部分の隙間に沿って肉盛りして溶接するので、裏当材と鉄板Ｂが磁石の載った状態で磁石の磁力で鉄板Ａに突き合わされ、支持される。
【００１３】
このようになっているので、鉄板Ｂを万力等の別の手段で支える必要がなく、万力等が届かない位置でも簡単に鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂを当接させることができる。
その結果、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂの端面を突き合わせ、この突き合わせた部分を簡単に溶接できる。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施の形態を実施例で説明する。
（実施例１）
図１〜図３は本発明の一実施例を示すもので、図１は溶接している状態を示す斜視図、図２は図１のＡ−Ａ線における断面図、図３は溶接が完了した状態を示す断面図である。
【００１５】
図１〜図３において、１は鋼板の鉄板Ａであり、２は鋼板の鉄板Ｂである。３は鋼製の裏当材であり、この裏当材３は、図２および図３に示すように、鉄板Ａ１に突き合わせて使用するものであり、上面３１に突き合わせ部分から離れる方向に下向きに傾斜した底面３５１を有する溝３５を備えている。４は溶接棒である。
【００１６】
５は溶融した溶接棒４、鉄板Ａ１、鉄板Ｂ２が一体になった溶融した金属の塊であり、この溶融した金属の塊５は冷却すると鉄板Ａ１と鉄板Ｂ２に強固に付着する。
６は溶接棒４、鉄板Ａ１、鉄板Ｂ２を加熱する溶接トーチである。
７は溶接時に飛び散ったスパッタである。
８は溶融時に発生するボイドである。
【００１７】
次に、鉄板Ａ１と鉄板Ｂ２の端面とを溶接する溶接方法および作用について説明する。
先ず、鉄板Ａ１に、裏当材３の端面を突き合わせ、この裏当材３を万力等で固定する。
【００１８】
次に、この裏当材３の上に鉄板Ｂ２を載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂ２の端面を鉄板Ａ１に隙間１５を設けた状態にして突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａ１と鉄板Ｂ２の突き合わせ部分の隙間１５に溶接棒４の先端を当てながら溶接トーチ６を溶接棒４の先端部分を加熱し、溶接棒４を溶融すると同時に、この溶けた溶接棒４近傍の鉄板Ａ１と鉄板Ｂ２を溶融させる。
【００１９】
すると、溶融した金属の塊５が発生し、この溶融した塊５が鉄板Ａ１と鉄板Ｂ２の隙間１５に沿って付着し、冷却すると肉盛りとなって溶接される。
そして、この溶接の際に飛び散ったスパッタ７は裏当材３の溝３５の中に落下し溝３５の底面３５１の傾斜面に沿って流れて、鉄板Ａ１と鉄板Ｂ２との突き合わせ場所から離れた位置に蓄積する。又、このスパッタ７の間に発生するボイド８も、このスパッタ７が蓄積した部分で発生する。
【００２０】
このように、このスパッタ７やスパッタ７によって生ずるボイド８は溶接部分より離れた場所に蓄積し、鉄板Ａ１に鉄板Ｂ２の先端が突き合う部分にはない。
従って、溶接不良とならない。
【００２１】
（実施例２）
図４〜図６は本発明の他の実施例を示すもので、図４は鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂの先端を突き合わせ、溶接している状態を示す斜視図、図５は図４のＢ−Ｂ線における断面図、図６は溶接が完了した状態を示す断面図である。
【００２２】
図４〜図６において、１ａは鋼板の鉄板Ａであり、２ａは鋼板の鉄板Ｂである。３ａは鋼製の裏当材であり、この裏当材３ａは、図４および図５に示すように、鉄板Ａ１ａに突き合わせて使用するものであり、上面３１ａに突き合わせ部分から離れる方向に下向きに傾斜した底面３５１ａを有する溝３５ａを備えている。４ａは溶接棒である。
【００２３】
５ａは溶融した溶接棒４ａ、鉄板Ａ１ａ、鉄板Ｂ２ａが一体になった溶融した金属の塊であり、この溶融した金属の塊５ａは鉄板Ａ１ａと鉄板Ｂ２ａに強固に付着する。
６ａは溶接棒４ａ、鉄板Ａ１ａ、鉄板Ｂ２ａを加熱する溶接トーチである。
７ａは溶接時に飛び散ったスパッタである。
８ａは溶融時に発生したボイドである。
９ａは磁石である。
【００２４】
次に、鉄板Ａ１ａと鉄板Ｂａの端面とを溶接する溶接方法および作用について説明する。
先ず、鉄板Ａ１に磁力によって磁石９ａを付着させ、この磁石９ａの上に裏当材３ａを載せた状態で裏当材３ａの端面を鉄板Ａ１に突き合わせる。
このように、磁石９ａで裏当材３ａを鉄板Ａ１に突き合わせて保持することができるので、万力等の特別な手段が必要でないし、又、鉄板Ａ１の幅が広くて万力等が使用できないような鉄板Ａ１の中央部分でも、裏当材３ａを保持することができる。
【００２５】
次に、この裏当材３ａの上に鉄板Ｂ２ａを載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂ２ａの端面を鉄板Ａ１ａに隙間１５ａを設けた状態にして突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａ１ａと鉄板Ｂ２ａの突き合わせ部分の隙間１５ａに溶接棒４ａの先端を当てながら溶接トーチ６ａを溶接棒４ａの先端部分を加熱し、溶接棒４ａを溶融すると同時に、この溶けた溶接棒４ａ近傍の鉄板Ａ１ａと鉄板Ｂ２ａを溶融させる。
すると、溶融した金属の塊５ａが発生し、この溶融した塊５ａが鉄板Ａ１ａと鉄板Ｂ２ａの隙間１５ａに沿って付着し、冷却すると、肉盛りとなって溶接される。
【００２６】
そして、この溶接の際に飛び散ったスパッタ７ａは裏当材３ａの溝３５ａの中に落下し溝３５ａの底面３５１の傾斜面に沿って流れて、鉄板Ａ１ａと鉄板Ｂ２ａとの突き合わせ場所から離れた位置に蓄積する。又、このスパッタ７ａと、このスパッタ７ａのい間に発生するボイド８ａも、このスパッタ７ａが蓄積した部分で発生する。
このように、このスパッタ７ａやスパッタ７ａによって生ずるボイド８ａは溶接部分より離れた場所に蓄積し、鉄板Ａ１ａに鉄板Ｂ２ａの先端が突き合う部分にはない。
従って、溶接不良とならない。
【００２７】
【発明の効果】
請求項１記載の発明は、鉄板Ａに、上面に突き合わせ部分から離れる方向に下向きに傾斜した底面を有する溝を備えた裏当材の端面を突き合わせ、この裏当材の上に鉄板Ｂを載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂを裏当材の溝の底面から離すとともに、底面は、鉄板Ａ側の裏当材の突き合わせ端面から鉄板Ｂの端面の直下部よりもその最下部の方が離れるようにするとともに、前記溝のこの最下部側には溶接の際に溶融金属が流れ込まない空間ができるようにして、鉄板Ｂの端面を、鉄板Ａとの間に隙間を設けて突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａと鉄板Ｂの突き合わせ部分の隙間に沿って肉盛りして溶接するから、溶接の際に発生するスパッタは鉄板Ａと鉄板Ｂとの突き合わせ部分から離れた位置に蓄積し、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂの先端が突き合う部分には付着せず、溶接不良とならない。
【００２８】
請求項２記載の発明は、鉄板Ａに、磁力によって磁石を付着させ、この磁石の上に裏当材を載せた状態で裏当材の端面を鉄板Ａに突き合わせ、この裏当材の上に鉄板Ｂを載せた状態にして、鉄板Ｂの端面を鉄板Ａに隙間を設けて突き合わせ、この鉄板Ａと鉄板Ｂの突き合わせ部分の隙間に沿って肉盛りして溶接するから、裏当材と鉄板Ｂが磁石の載った状態で磁石の磁力で鉄板Ａに突き合わすことができ、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂを当接させることが簡単である。
その結果、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂを簡単に溶接できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施例を示すもので、溶接している状態を示す斜視図である。
【図２】図１のＡ−Ａ線における断面図である。
【図３】溶接が完了した状態を示す断面図である。
【図４】本発明の他の実施例を示すもので、鉄板Ａに鉄板Ｂの先端を突き合わせ、溶接している状態を示す斜視図である。
【図５】図４のＢ−Ｂ線における断面図である。
【図６】溶接が完了した状態を示す断面図である。
【図７】従来の溶接方法の一例を示すもので、（イ）は溶接している状態を示す斜視図、（ロ）は（イ）のＣ−Ｃ線における断面図である。
【図８】従来の溶接方法の他の例を示すもので、（イ）は溶接している状態を示す斜視図、（ロ）は（イ）のＤ−Ｄ線における断面図、（ハ）は溶接部分を示す断面図である。
【図９】従来の溶接方法の問題点を示すもので、（イ）はスパッタが蓄積している状態を示す断面図、（ロ）は溶接した状態を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１、１ａ鉄板Ａ
２、２ａ鉄板Ｂ
３、３ａ裏当材
４、４ａ溶接棒
５、５ａ溶融した金属の塊
６、６ａ溶接トーチ
７、７ａスパッタ
８、８ａボイド
９ａ磁石[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a welding method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the conventional welding method, the iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A, and welding is built up and joined along the gap between the abutted portions.
This welding method will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0003]
First, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the most general welding is performed by welding an iron plate B200 to an iron plate A100 and heating with a welding torch 400 while placing a welding rod 300 between the iron plate A100 and the iron plate B200. The iron plate A100 and the iron plate B200 in the vicinity of the rod 300 and the welding rod 300 are melted, and the molten metal 500 is built up between the iron plate A100 and the iron plate B200 and welded.
[0004]
At this time, in order to collect a large amount of molten metal 500 between the iron plate A100 and the iron plate B200 and strengthen the welding, as shown in FIG. 7B, the iron plate A100 and the metal B200 abutted against the iron plate A100 A gap 150 between them was provided.
Then, there is a problem that the molten iron flows downward from the gap 150.
As a method for solving such a problem, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), a backing material 600 is applied to the lower side of the gap 150 and welding is performed while preventing molten metal from flowing down.
[0005]
That is, as shown in FIG. 8B, the end surface of the backing material 600 is abutted against the iron plate A100, and the iron plate B200 is placed on the backing material 600, and the end surface of the iron plate B200 is spaced from the iron plate A100. 150 is provided and abutted, and it is built up and welded along the gap 150 between the abutting portions of the iron plate A100 and the iron plate B200.
At this time, a groove 650 having a bottom surface inclined in the abutting direction is provided on the upper surface of the backing material 600 so that the molten metal 500 easily collects in the abutting portion, and as shown in FIG. The molten metal 500 is built up on the inclined bottom surface of the groove 650 and firmly welded.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above method, there is no appropriate means for abutting and holding the end surface of the backing material 600 on the iron plate A100, and it has been difficult to keep the backing material 600 in a butted state.
For example, when the end surface of the iron plate B200 is abutted against the edge of the iron plate A100 and welded, the backing material 600 can be held and welded with a vise or the like inserted from the end. When A100 has a wide width and the end face of the iron plate B200 is butted against a place where the vise does not reach even if a vise is inserted from the end, the backing material 600 cannot be held with the vise, which is a problem. .
[0007]
Further, when heating with the welding torch 400, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), spatter 550 is generated in which a lump of molten metal 500 scatters in all directions.
In particular, when the surface of the steel plate is plated, impurities such as oil are attached, or when welding conditions are not optimal, a large amount of spatter 550 is generated.
Moreover, the sputter 550 drops into the groove 650 and flows on the inclined bottom surface of the groove 650 as shown in FIG. 9 (a), and as shown in FIG. It accumulates in a deep place, that is, a place where the end face of the iron plate B200 is abutted against the iron plate A100.
[0008]
Then, the surface of the sputter 550 is oxidized, and as shown in FIG. 9B, it remains as it is without being dissolved in the molten metal, or a void 700 is easily generated in this portion.
As a result, the sputter 550 and the void 700 reduce the welding area, resulting in poor mechanical strength of the welded portion and poor welding.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a welding method in which the above problems are improved, that is, a welding method in which a backing material can be easily attached or a welding failure does not occur.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention was made to achieve the above object, and the invention according to claim 1 is a welding method in which the end surface of the iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A, and the abutted portion is welded. The end surface of the backing material provided with a groove having a bottom surface inclined downward in the direction away from the butted portion on the upper surface is abutted on the iron plate A, and the iron plate B is placed on the backing material. together away from said bottom surface of said groove of said backing material, said bottom surface, so that the person from abutting end faces of the backing material of the steel plate a side of the bottom than immediately below the end face of the iron plate B leaves In addition, the lower end side of the groove has a space where molten metal does not flow during welding, and the end surface of the iron plate B is abutted with the iron plate A with a gap provided therebetween. In the gap between the butted parts of iron plate B It is intended to weld build-up to me.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein a magnet is attached to the iron plate A by magnetic force, and the end surface of the backing material is placed on the iron plate A in a state where the backing material is placed on the magnet. butt, in a state carrying the iron plate B on the backing material, is intended to combining butt with a clearance an end face of the steel plate B to the steel plate a.
[0011]
(Function)
In the first aspect of the present invention, the end surface of the backing material having a groove having a bottom surface inclined downward in the direction away from the abutting portion is abutted on the iron plate A, and the iron plate B is placed on the backing material. In this state, the iron plate B is separated from the bottom surface of the groove of the backing material, and the bottom surface is separated from the butt end surface of the backing material on the iron plate A side at the bottom of the bottom surface of the iron plate B rather than directly below. In addition, a space where molten metal does not flow during welding is formed on the lowermost side of the groove, and the end surface of the iron plate B is abutted with a gap between the iron plate A and the iron plate. Since the welds are built up and welded along the gap between the butted portions of A and iron plate B, the spatter scattered during welding falls into the groove of the backing material and flows along the inclined surface of the bottom surface of the groove, Place away from the place where the steel plate A and the steel plate B meet Accumulate.
Further, voids generated during the sputtering are also generated at the portion where the sputtering is accumulated.
[0012]
As described above, the spatter and voids generated by the spatter accumulate in a place away from the welded portion, and do not exist at the portion where the tip of the iron plate B abuts against the iron plate A.
Therefore, no welding failure occurs.
In the invention described in claim 2, a magnet is attached to the iron plate A by a magnetic force, the end surface of the backing material is butted with the backing material placed on the magnet, and the iron plate B is placed on the backing material. In this state, the end face of the iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A with a gap, and is built up and welded along the gap between the abutting portions of the iron plate A and the iron plate B, so that the backing material and the iron plate B are made of magnets. In this state, it is abutted against and supported by the iron plate A by the magnetic force of the magnet.
[0013]
Thus, it is not necessary to support the iron plate B with another means such as a vise, and the iron plate B can be easily brought into contact with the iron plate A even at a position where the vise does not reach.
As a result, the end surface of the iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A, and the abutted portion can be easily welded.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
Example 1
1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a welding state, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which carried out.
[0015]
1 to 3, 1 is an iron plate A of a steel plate, and 2 is an iron plate B of a steel plate. 3 is a steel backing material, and this backing material 3 is used by abutting against an iron plate A1 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and is downwardly facing away from the abutting portion on the upper surface 31. A groove 35 having an inclined bottom surface 351 is provided. 4 is a welding rod.
[0016]
Reference numeral 5 denotes a molten metal lump in which the molten welding rod 4, the iron plate A1, and the iron plate B2 are integrated. The molten metal lump 5 adheres firmly to the iron plate A1 and the iron plate B2 when cooled.
Reference numeral 6 denotes a welding torch for heating the welding rod 4, the iron plate A1, and the iron plate B2.
7 is spatter scattered during welding.
8 is a void generated during melting.
[0017]
Next, a welding method and operation for welding the iron plate A1 and the end surface of the iron plate B2 will be described.
First, the end surface of the backing material 3 is abutted against the iron plate A1, and the backing material 3 is fixed with a vise or the like.
[0018]
Next, with the iron plate B2 placed on the backing material 3, the end surface of the iron plate B2 is butted with the gap 15 provided in the iron plate A1, and the gap 15 at the butted portion of the iron plate A1 and the iron plate B2 is abutted. The tip of the welding rod 4 is heated while the tip of the welding rod 4 is applied to the tip of the welding rod 4 to melt the welding rod 4, and at the same time, the iron plate A1 and the iron plate B2 in the vicinity of the molten welding rod 4 are melted.
[0019]
Then, a molten metal lump 5 is generated, the molten lump 5 adheres along the gap 15 between the iron plate A1 and the iron plate B2, and is cooled to be welded.
The spatter 7 scattered during the welding falls into the groove 35 of the backing material 3, flows along the inclined surface of the bottom surface 351 of the groove 35, and leaves the place where the iron plate A 1 and the iron plate B 2 meet each other. Accumulate in position. In addition, voids 8 generated during the sputtering 7 are also generated in the portion where the sputtering 7 is accumulated.
[0020]
As described above, the sputter 7 and the void 8 generated by the spatter 7 accumulate in a place away from the welded portion, and are not present at the portion where the tip of the iron plate B2 abuts against the iron plate A1.
Therefore, no welding failure occurs.
[0021]
(Example 2)
4 to 6 show another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the tip of the iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A and welded, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where welding is completed.
[0022]
4-6, 1a is the steel plate A of a steel plate, and 2a is the steel plate B of a steel plate. 3a is a steel backing material, and this backing material 3a is used by abutting against an iron plate A1a as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and is downwardly facing away from the abutting portion on the upper surface 31a. A groove 35a having an inclined bottom surface 351a is provided. 4a is a welding rod.
[0023]
Reference numeral 5a denotes a molten metal lump in which the molten welding rod 4a, the iron plate A1a, and the iron plate B2a are integrated, and the molten metal lump 5a firmly adheres to the iron plate A1a and the iron plate B2a.
6a is a welding torch for heating the welding rod 4a, the iron plate A1a, and the iron plate B2a.
7a is spatter scattered during welding.
8a is a void generated during melting.
9a is a magnet.
[0024]
Next, a welding method and operation for welding the iron plate A1a and the end surface of the iron plate Ba will be described.
First, the magnet 9a is attached to the iron plate A1 by magnetic force, and the end surface of the backing material 3a is butted against the iron plate A1 in a state where the backing material 3a is placed on the magnet 9a.
Thus, since the backing material 3a can be held against the iron plate A1 by the magnet 9a, no special means such as a vise is necessary, and the width of the iron plate A1 is wide and a vise is used. The backing material 3a can be held even in the central portion of the iron plate A1 that cannot be used.
[0025]
Next, with the iron plate B2a placed on the backing material 3a, the end surface of the iron plate B2a is butted with the gap 15a provided in the iron plate A1a, and the gap 15a of the butted portion of the iron plate A1a and the iron plate B2a is abutted. While the front end of the welding rod 4a is applied to the welding torch 6a, the tip of the welding rod 4a is heated to melt the welding rod 4a, and at the same time, the iron plate A1a and the iron plate B2a in the vicinity of the molten welding rod 4a are melted.
Then, a molten metal lump 5a is generated, and the molten lump 5a adheres along the gap 15a between the iron plate A1a and the iron plate B2a.
[0026]
The spatter 7a scattered during the welding falls into the groove 35a of the backing material 3a, flows along the inclined surface of the bottom surface 351 of the groove 35a, and is separated from the place where the iron plate A1a and the iron plate B2a are abutted. Accumulate in position. Further, the voids 8a generated between the sputter 7a and the sputter 7a are also generated in the portion where the spatter 7a is accumulated.
As described above, the spatter 7a and the void 8a generated by the sputter 7a are accumulated in a place away from the welded portion, and are not present at the portion where the tip of the iron plate B2a abuts against the iron plate A1a.
Therefore, no welding failure occurs.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, an end surface of a backing material having a groove having a bottom surface inclined downward in a direction away from the abutting portion is abutted on the iron plate A, and the iron plate B is placed on the backing material. In this state, the iron plate B is separated from the bottom surface of the groove of the backing material, and the bottom surface is separated from the butt end surface of the backing material on the iron plate A side at the bottom of the bottom surface of the iron plate B rather than directly below. In addition, a space where molten metal does not flow during welding is formed on the lowermost side of the groove, and the end surface of the iron plate B is abutted with a gap between the iron plate A and the iron plate. Since welding is built up along the gap between the butted portions of A and iron plate B, the spatter generated during welding accumulates at a position away from the butted portion of iron plate A and iron plate B, and iron plate B on iron plate A Does not adhere to the part where the tip of the Not against the poor.
[0028]
In the invention according to claim 2, a magnet is attached to the iron plate A by magnetic force, and the end surface of the backing material is abutted against the iron plate A in a state where the backing material is placed on the magnet, and on the backing material, Since the end face of the iron plate B is put on the iron plate A with a gap provided in the state where the iron plate B is placed, and is welded by welding along the gap between the abutting portions of the iron plate A and the iron plate B, the backing material and the iron plate B can be abutted against the iron plate A by the magnetic force of the magnet while the magnet is placed, and it is easy to bring the iron plate B into contact with the iron plate A.
As a result, the iron plate B can be easily welded to the iron plate A.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a welding state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where welding is completed.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view showing a state in which the tip of the iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A and welded.
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where welding is completed.
7A and 7B show an example of a conventional welding method, in which FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing a welding state, and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.
8A and 8B show another example of a conventional welding method, in which FIG. 8A is a perspective view showing a welding state, FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a welded portion.
9A and 9B show problems of a conventional welding method, in which FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view showing a state where spatter is accumulated, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view showing a welded state.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1a Iron plate A
2, 2a Iron plate B
3, 3a Backing material 4, 4a Welding rod 5, 5a Molten metal lump 6, 6a Welding torch 7, 7a Sputter 8, 8a Void 9a Magnet

Claims

A welding method in which an end surface of an iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A and the abutted portion is welded, and the iron plate A is provided with a groove having a bottom surface inclined downward in a direction away from the abutting portion on the upper surface. The end face of the material is abutted and the iron plate B is placed on the backing material, and the iron plate B is separated from the bottom surface of the groove of the backing material, and the bottom surface is the back of the iron plate A side. The lowermost part of the groove is separated from the butt end face of the material rather than the direct lower part of the end face of the iron plate B, and a space where molten metal does not flow during welding is formed on the lowermost side of the groove. Then, the end surface of the iron plate B is butted with a gap provided between the iron plate A, and the welding is performed by building up and welding along the gap between the butted portions of the iron plate A and the iron plate B.

A state in which a magnet is attached to the iron plate A by magnetic force, an end surface of the backing material is butted against the iron plate A in a state where the backing material is placed on the magnet, and an iron plate B is placed on the backing material. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the end surface of the iron plate B is abutted against the iron plate A with a gap.