JP4371061B2 - Method and apparatus for separating ion exchange resin - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for separating ion exchange resin Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、イオン交換樹脂の分離方法および装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an ion exchange resin separation method and apparatus .
イオン交換樹脂を用いる混床式のイオン交換装置には、カチオン交換樹脂およびアニオン交換樹脂の混合樹脂が充填される分離塔と、この分離塔の下部に逆洗水を導入する給水管と、この給水管に設けられた流量調節弁と、分離塔の上部から逆洗排水を排出する排水管と、分離されたアニオン交換樹脂を排出するように分離塔内に開口する樹脂移送管とが設けられている。このイオン交換装置の再生に際しては、給水管から逆洗水を導入して、樹脂層内を上向流で通水して樹脂の逆洗分離を行い、樹脂層の分離界面を樹脂移送管の開口面に一致させて、アニオン交換樹脂を樹脂移動管から移送することによりイオン交換樹脂を分離している。このような装置では、樹脂層の分離界面付近に光学的な検出装置を設け、検出装置からの界面検出信号により樹脂移送管の開口面を基準面として、樹脂層の分離界面が基準面より高いときは前記流量調整弁を絞り、低いときには開いて分離界面を樹脂移送管の開口面に一致させるように流量調節弁を自動制御することにより、樹脂分離が自動化されている。 In a mixed bed type ion exchange apparatus using an ion exchange resin, a separation tower filled with a mixed resin of a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, a feed pipe for introducing backwash water into the lower part of the separation tower, A flow control valve provided in the water supply pipe, a drain pipe for discharging backwash waste water from the upper part of the separation tower, and a resin transfer pipe that opens in the separation tower so as to discharge the separated anion exchange resin are provided. ing. When regenerating this ion exchange device, backwash water is introduced from the water supply pipe, water is passed through the resin layer in an upward flow to perform backwash separation of the resin, and the separation interface of the resin layer is connected to the resin transfer pipe. The ion exchange resin is separated by transferring the anion exchange resin from the resin transfer tube so as to coincide with the opening surface. In such an apparatus, an optical detection device is provided in the vicinity of the separation interface of the resin layer, and the separation interface of the resin layer is higher than the reference surface with the opening surface of the resin transfer pipe as a reference surface by an interface detection signal from the detection device. In some cases, the flow rate adjusting valve is throttled, and when it is low, the flow rate adjusting valve is automatically controlled so that the separation interface coincides with the opening surface of the resin transfer pipe.
特許文献１には、このようなイオン交換装置において、樹脂層の分離界面を検出するために、樹脂層に投光する投光部および反射光を受光する受光部を有する複数の色判別センサを分離界面付近の上下方向に配置した界面検出器が示されている。この特許文献１では、受光素子の受光位置における検出対象樹脂の色調差（階調差）を検出して、アニオン交換樹脂／カチオン交換樹脂／水の分離を行っており、分離塔の特定領域に特定波長域の光源を照射し、前記特定領域に存在する樹脂の色素に依存する反射光の波長信号の強弱を基とした検出方法である。 In Patent Document 1, in such an ion exchange apparatus, in order to detect the separation interface of the resin layer, a plurality of color discrimination sensors having a light projecting unit that projects light on the resin layer and a light receiving unit that receives reflected light are disclosed. An interface detector arranged in the vertical direction near the separation interface is shown. In Patent Document 1, the color difference (gradation difference) of the detection target resin at the light receiving position of the light receiving element is detected to separate the anion exchange resin / cation exchange resin / water, and in a specific region of the separation tower. This is a detection method based on the intensity of a wavelength signal of reflected light that irradiates a light source in a specific wavelength region and depends on a resin pigment present in the specific region.
特許文献２には、分離塔に充填されたイオン交換樹脂層を、その側方から撮像して分離塔の所定の高さ位置における所定領域の前記イオン交換樹脂層の画像を求める撮像工程と、この撮像工程で得られた画像を構成する画素信号を判定してイオン交換樹脂に相当する画素信号を判定する画素判定工程と、このイオン交換樹脂に相当する画素信号の画素数または画像の所定領域中における画素信号が占める面積割合から前記画像におけるイオン交換樹脂層の種別を求める樹脂判定工程と、判定された樹脂層に応じて前記画像の撮像範囲内にイオン交換樹脂層の境界面を判定する境界面判定工程とを備える界面検出方法が示されている。この方法は、アニオン交換樹脂／カチオン交換樹脂／水それぞれの色素成分を基に撮像面内に存在する画素数をもとめ、その存在割合（面積比率）によって界面を検出するという方法である。 In Patent Document 2, an imaging process for obtaining an image of the ion exchange resin layer in a predetermined region at a predetermined height position of the separation tower by imaging the ion exchange resin layer packed in the separation tower from the side thereof; A pixel determination step for determining a pixel signal corresponding to the ion exchange resin by determining a pixel signal constituting the image obtained in the imaging step, and a predetermined number of pixels of the pixel signal corresponding to the ion exchange resin or a predetermined region of the image A resin determining step for determining the type of the ion exchange resin layer in the image from the area ratio occupied by the pixel signal in the inside, and determining the boundary surface of the ion exchange resin layer within the imaging range of the image according to the determined resin layer An interface detection method including a boundary surface determination step is shown. In this method, the number of pixels existing in the imaging surface is obtained based on the dye components of anion exchange resin / cation exchange resin / water, and the interface is detected based on the presence ratio (area ratio).
従来の方法はいずれも、光の照射による評価領域における樹脂層の反射光の色調（または特定波長のレベル）の差を検出する方法であるため、照射する照明手段は検出点に対してできるだけ均一な光の照射し、照射領域からの全体としての反射光を受光し色調の差を検出している。特許文献１および２においても、全体としての反射光から得られる樹脂層の表面（観察面）の状態を受光部で受光し、その表面の状態を色調（階調）として検出しているため、色調に差がある樹脂層、例えばアニオン交換樹脂層とカチオン交換樹脂層の識別は容易であるが、カチオン交換樹脂層と水層のように反射光の色調の差が少ない場合は識別が困難である。 Any of the conventional methods is a method for detecting the difference in color tone (or level of a specific wavelength) of the reflected light of the resin layer in the evaluation region due to light irradiation. Therefore, the illumination means for irradiation is as uniform as possible with respect to the detection point. The light is irradiated, and the reflected light as a whole from the irradiated area is received to detect a difference in color tone. Also in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the state of the surface (observation surface) of the resin layer obtained from the reflected light as a whole is received by the light receiving unit, and the state of the surface is detected as a color tone (gradation). It is easy to identify resin layers with different color tones, such as anion exchange resin layers and cation exchange resin layers, but it is difficult to distinguish when there is little difference in the color tone of the reflected light, such as cation exchange resin layers and water layers. is there.
一般的なカチオン交換樹脂であるゲル型カチオン交換樹脂は透明な粒子であるが、褐色系の色調を有するため反射光は褐色系であり、カチオン交換樹脂層の表面（観察面）の状態をＣＣＤカメラで撮像すると、黒色系のＣＣＤ画像が得られる。一方、水層は無色透明であるため、ＬＥＤ等の光源からの照射光のほとんどが透過し、反射光は微弱であるため、黒色系のＣＣＤ画像が得られる。このためカチオン交換樹脂層と水層のＣＣＤ画像はいずれも黒色系の画像であり、両画像の色調の差が少ないため、ＣＣＤ画像センサを用いた樹脂自動分離装置では識別が困難である。カチオン交換樹脂が透明な場合も、照射光のほとんどが透過し、反射光は微弱であるため、黒色系のＣＣＤ画像が得られ、識別が困難である。 Gel cation exchange resin, which is a general cation exchange resin, is a transparent particle, but has a brownish color tone, so the reflected light is brownish, and the surface of the cation exchange resin layer (observation surface) is in the CCD When the image is taken with a camera, a black CCD image is obtained. On the other hand, since the water layer is colorless and transparent, most of the irradiation light from a light source such as an LED is transmitted and the reflected light is weak, so that a black CCD image can be obtained. For this reason, the CCD images of the cation exchange resin layer and the water layer are both black images, and there is little difference in color tone between the two images, so that it is difficult to identify with an automatic resin separation device using a CCD image sensor. Even when the cation exchange resin is transparent, most of the irradiated light is transmitted and the reflected light is weak, so that a black CCD image is obtained and is difficult to identify.
このように従来法のような反射光の色調を検出する方法では、色調が異なるアニオン交換樹脂層とカチオン交換樹脂層との界面の検出は可能であったが、カチオン交換樹脂層と水層とでは類似の反射光画像が得られるため、カチオン交換樹脂層と水層の界面の検出は困難である。混床式のイオン交換装置におけるカチオン交換樹脂とアニオン交換樹脂の分離塔においては、カチオン交換樹脂層とアニオン樹脂層の界面を樹脂移送管の開口面に一致させて、アニオン交換樹脂を樹脂移動管から引抜いているので、アニオン交換樹脂が存在するときは樹脂界面が検出できるため、アニオン交換樹脂のみを引抜くことができる。ところがアニオン交換樹脂を除去した後は、カチオン交換樹脂層と水層との界面の検出が困難となるため、樹脂層と水層との界面を樹脂移送管の開口面に一致させることができなくなり、カチオン交換樹脂が流出して樹脂の分離が不完全になるという問題点があった。
本発明の課題は、カチオン交換樹脂層と水層のような粒状物の反射光と透明な層の反射光のように、色調の差が少ない場合でも粒状物を高精度で検出でき、透光面を通して粒状物を検出する場合でも粒状物を高精度で検出でき、また粒状物が透明液体中にある場合でも粒状物と透明液体とを識別することができ、これにより粒状物の存否および／またはその界面などを高精度で分離できるイオン交換樹脂の分離方法および装置を提案することである。 The object of the present invention is to detect a granular material with high accuracy even when there is little difference in color tone, such as reflected light of a granular material such as a cation exchange resin layer and an aqueous layer and reflected light of a transparent layer. Even when detecting a particulate matter through a surface, the particulate matter can be detected with high accuracy, and even when the particulate matter is in the transparent liquid, the particulate matter and the transparent liquid can be distinguished, and thereby the presence and / or absence of the particulate matter can be identified. Another object is to propose an ion exchange resin separation method and apparatus capable of separating the interface and the like with high accuracy .
本発明は、次のイオン交換樹脂の分離方法および装置である。
（１） カチオン交換樹脂層およびアニオン交換樹脂層が形成されたイオン交換塔の樹脂層の界面付近に透光面を有する被検出部を設け、
被検出部の透光面から間隔を保って背面側に背景板を配置し、
イオン交換塔に逆洗水を導入し樹脂層内を上向流で通水して樹脂の逆洗分離を行い、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板に光を照射し、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板からの反射光を受光することにより樹脂層の界面を検出し、
樹脂層の分離界面を樹脂移送ラインの開口面に一致させて、アニオン交換樹脂を樹脂移送ラインから移送することを特徴とするイオン交換樹脂の分離方法。
（２） カチオン交換樹脂層およびアニオン交換樹脂層が形成されたイオン交換塔と、
イオン交換塔の樹脂層の界面付近に設けられた透光面を有する被検出部と、
被検出部の透光面から間隔を保って背面側に配置された背景板と、
イオン交換塔に逆洗水を導入し樹脂層内を上向流で通水して樹脂の逆洗分離を行う手段と、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板に光を照射する光源と、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板からの反射光を受光する受光部材と、
受光した反射光から粒状物および／またはその界面の検出信号を取出す信号取出部材と、
樹脂層の分離界面を樹脂移送ラインの開口面に一致させて、アニオン交換樹脂を移送する樹脂移送ラインとを含むことを特徴とするイオン交換樹脂の分離装置。
（３） 受光部材が、光センサ、ラインセンサ、カラーＣＣＤセンサー、またはイメージセンサである上記（２）記載の装置。
The present invention is the following ion exchange resin separation method and apparatus .
(1) Provide a detected part having a translucent surface in the vicinity of the interface of the resin layer of the ion exchange tower in which the cation exchange resin layer and the anion exchange resin layer are formed,
A background plate is arranged on the back side with a distance from the translucent surface of the detected part ,
Backwash water is introduced into the ion exchange tower and water is passed through the resin layer in an upward flow to perform backwash separation of the resin.
Irradiate the resin and / or background plate present in the detected part with light ,
By detecting the resin existing in the detected part and / or reflected light from the background plate, the interface of the resin layer is detected ,
A method for separating an ion exchange resin, wherein the separation interface of the resin layer is made to coincide with the opening surface of the resin transfer line, and the anion exchange resin is transferred from the resin transfer line.
(2) an ion exchange tower in which a cation exchange resin layer and an anion exchange resin layer are formed;
A detected portion having a translucent surface provided near the interface of the resin layer of the ion exchange tower;
A background plate arranged on the back side at a distance from the translucent surface of the detected part;
Means for introducing backwash water into the ion exchange tower and passing the resin layer in an upward flow to perform backwash separation of the resin;
A light source that irradiates the resin and / or background plate present in the detected part; and
A light receiving member that receives reflected light from the resin and / or background plate present in the detected portion ;
A signal extraction member for extracting a detection signal of the particulate matter and / or its interface from the received reflected light;
An ion exchange resin separation device comprising: a resin transfer line for transferring an anion exchange resin with a separation interface of the resin layer being made coincident with an opening surface of the resin transfer line.
(3) The apparatus according to (2) above, wherein the light receiving member is an optical sensor, a line sensor, a color CCD sensor, or an image sensor.
本発明において検出の対象となる粒状物は、イオン交換樹脂であり、特に透明なゲル型カチオン交換樹脂が対象として適している。イオン交換樹脂の場合、透明なゲル型カチオン交換樹脂とともに不透明なゲル型アニオン交換樹脂等が共存している場合でも、対象として適している。 Granulate to be detected in the present invention are ion-exchange resins, especially transparent gel type cation exchange resins are suitable as a target. In the case of an ion exchange resin, even when an opaque gel type anion exchange resin or the like coexists with a transparent gel type cation exchange resin, it is suitable as a target.
本発明の被検出部はこのような粒状物が存在する部分であり、このような粒状物のみが存在する系でも、またこのような粒状物と他の物が存在する系でもよい。検出の対象となる粒状物と隣接部分との反射光が類似の色相を呈す場合が測定対象として適している。この場合、類似の色相を呈す反射光がある場合でも、また一方に反射光が有り、他方に反射光がないかあるいは微弱であることにより、受光画像が類似の色相を呈す場合でも測定対象として適している。被検出部は、のぞき窓のような透光面を通して粒状物を検出するように構成されたものでもよい。イオン交換樹脂のように水等の透明液体中に存在する場合は、容器自体が透明で透光面となるもののほか、容器自体は不透明でも、のぞき窓のような透光面を通して内部の粒状物を検出するように構成されたものでもよい。 The detected portion of the present invention is a portion where such a granular material exists, and may be a system where only such a granular material exists, or a system where such a granular material and other materials exist. The case where the reflected light of the granular material to be detected and the adjacent portion exhibits a similar hue is suitable as the measurement target. In this case, even when there is reflected light exhibiting a similar hue, or even when the received light image has a similar hue due to the presence of reflected light on one side and no reflected light on the other or weakness, Is suitable. The part to be detected may be configured to detect the particulate matter through a light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window. When present in a transparent liquid such as water, such as an ion exchange resin, the container itself is transparent and has a translucent surface. It may be configured to detect.
カチオン交換樹脂層と水層との区別が困難である原因を検討した結果、カチオン交換樹脂、アニオン交換樹脂等のイオン交換樹脂が充填されているイオン交換塔、分離塔、再生塔などの充填塔が鋼板、樹脂等の不透明材料により密閉構造に作られ、被検出部となるのぞき窓以外の部分では、外部からほとんど光が入らない構造の場合、被検出部における粒状物の検出は、のぞき窓への照射光の照射と、のぞき窓における被検出部の反射光の受光による外観の差が検出信号になることに起因するものと考えられる。 As a result of examining the reason why it is difficult to distinguish between a cation exchange resin layer and an aqueous layer, packed towers such as ion exchange towers, separation towers, and regeneration towers filled with ion exchange resins such as cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins. Is made of a non-transparent material such as steel plate or resin, and in parts other than the observation window that becomes the detected part, the structure that hardly receives light from the outside, the detection of particulate matter in the detected part It is considered that the difference in appearance due to the irradiation of the irradiation light and the reception of the reflected light of the detected portion in the observation window becomes a detection signal.
検出対象のゲル型カチオン交換樹脂は自然光のもとでは、褐色系の透明な球形の粒子であり、透明な塔に充填されて周囲から光が入る場合には、褐色系のＣＣＤ画像が得られ、透明な水層との区別は容易である。しかし塔が不透明材料により作られ、周囲から光が入らない場合には、のぞき窓から入った照射光は樹脂粒子による球面反射、吸収、屈折、散乱等により、受光部で受光する反射光が少なくなるため、黒色系の受光画像が得られる。一方、水層も透明であるため、照射光は透過するが、反射面（塔の反対側の内壁）はのぞき窓に反射光を反射するように対向していないので、のぞき窓から返って来る反射光は微弱であり、黒色系の受光画像が得られる。このときゲル型カチオン交換樹脂層と水層の受光画像は、両者の透過、吸収、屈折、散乱等の差により若干の差はあるが、色調（階調）の差は少なく、識別は困難である。 The gel-type cation exchange resin to be detected is a brownish transparent spherical particle under natural light, and a brown CCD image is obtained when light enters from the surroundings in a transparent tower. It is easy to distinguish from a transparent water layer. However, when the tower is made of an opaque material and light does not enter from the surroundings, the incident light from the observation window receives less reflected light at the light receiving part due to spherical reflection, absorption, refraction, scattering, etc. by the resin particles. Therefore, a black light-receiving image is obtained. On the other hand, since the water layer is also transparent, the irradiation light is transmitted, but the reflection surface (inner wall on the opposite side of the tower) is not facing the reflection window to reflect the reflection light, so it returns from the observation window. The reflected light is weak, and a black-colored light-receiving image is obtained. At this time, the light-receiving images of the gel-type cation exchange resin layer and the water layer are slightly different due to differences in transmission, absorption, refraction, scattering, etc., but the color tone (gradation) is small and identification is difficult. is there.
本発明における被検出部は、このような識別困難な状態で粒状物が存在する部分であり、本発明の検出装置はこのような部分に配置して、粒状物の検出を行うように構成される。本発明では、このような識別困難な状態で粒状物の検出を行うために、被検出部から間隔を保って背面側に背景板を配置した状態で粒状物の検出を行う。のぞき窓のような透光面を通して被検出部に存在する粒状物を検出する場合には、背景板は透光面から間隔を保って背面側に配置される。背景板と被検出部の検出面（粒状物層の検出側の面）、または透光面（粒状物層側の面）との間隔は、その間隙内に粒状物が存在する場合に、粒状物および背景板からの反射光に差が出る程度とされ、条件により異なるが、例えば５〜５００ｍｍ、好ましくは１０〜１００ｍｍ程度とすることができる。 The detected part in the present invention is a part where particulate matter exists in such a difficult state, and the detection device of the present invention is arranged in such a part and configured to detect particulate matter. The In the present invention, in order to detect the particulate matter in such a difficult state, the particulate matter is detected in a state where the background plate is arranged on the back side with a space from the detected portion. When detecting a granular object existing in the detected part through a light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window, the background plate is arranged on the back side with a space from the light-transmitting surface. The distance between the background plate and the detection surface of the detected part (the surface on the detection side of the granular material layer) or the translucent surface (the surface on the granular material layer side) is granular when there is a granular material in the gap. The difference is in the reflected light from the object and the background plate, and depending on the conditions, it can be, for example, about 5 to 500 mm, preferably about 10 to 100 mm.
背景板は、被検出部から間隔を保って背面側に配置された背景板本体と、この背景板本体を被検出部の背面側に間隔を保って取り付ける取付部材とから構成することができる。のぞき窓のような透光面を通して被検出部に存在する粒状物を検出する装置に取り付ける背景板は、取付部材は透光面に取り付けられるように構成することができる。背景板本体は間隔を保って取り付けた状態で、透光面を通して光源からの照射光を照射し、透光面を通して受光部材で受光できるように反射光を反射するような構造、大きさ、取付状態とされる。 The background plate can be composed of a background plate main body arranged on the back side with a distance from the detected portion, and an attachment member for attaching the background plate main body to the back side of the detected portion with a distance. The background plate attached to the device that detects the particulate matter existing in the detected part through the light-transmitting surface such as the observation window can be configured such that the attachment member is attached to the light-transmitting surface. Structure, size, and attachment so that the background plate body is irradiated with light from the light source through the translucent surface and the reflected light is reflected through the translucent surface so that it can be received by the light receiving member. State.
背景板としては、鋼板、硬質樹脂板等からなる板状の背景板本体の両側部から、腕状の取付部材が折曲状に突出し、その先端部に形成された係合部（例えば係合片）がのぞき窓等の透光面に形成された係合部（例えば係合溝）に係合して取り付けられる構造のものが好ましい。背景板本体はばね弾性を有する材質のものが好ましく、これによりばね弾性を利用して取り付け、かつ固着することができる。取付部材は取付状態において、塔内で流動する樹脂流、水流等により動かないように固着されているのが好ましく、このためにはのぞき窓等の透光面に形成される係合部、例えば係合溝はのぞき窓等の透光面の外周部に達していないものが好ましい。 As the background plate, an arm-shaped mounting member protrudes in a bent shape from both side portions of a plate-shaped background plate body made of a steel plate, a hard resin plate, etc., and an engagement portion (for example, engagement) formed at the tip portion thereof. A structure in which the piece is engaged with and attached to an engaging portion (for example, an engaging groove) formed on a light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window is preferable. The background plate main body is preferably made of a material having spring elasticity, so that it can be attached and fixed using spring elasticity. The mounting member is preferably fixed so as not to move by a resin flow, a water flow, etc. flowing in the tower in the mounted state.For this purpose, an engaging portion formed on a light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window, for example, It is preferable that the engagement groove does not reach the outer peripheral portion of the light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window.
検出装置の構成要素としての光源は、被検出部に光を照射するものであり、ＬＥＤ、ハロゲン光源、蛍光灯、タングステン球、キセノン球等、ほぼすべての発光素子を使用できる。この光源は、入射角および反射角を考慮して、被検出部に光を照射したときに、被検出部に存在する粒状物および背景板の背景板本体からの反射光を受光部材で受光できるように、被検出部に光を照射する位置に配置される。のぞき窓のような透光面を通して被検出部に存在する粒状物に光を照射する場合は、透光面を通して光源からの照射光を照射し、透光面を通して受光部材で受光できるように配置される。 A light source as a component of the detection device irradiates light to a detected portion, and almost all light emitting elements such as an LED, a halogen light source, a fluorescent lamp, a tungsten bulb, and a xenon bulb can be used. In consideration of the incident angle and the reflection angle, the light source can receive the reflected light from the background plate body of the particulate matter and the background plate present in the detected portion by the light receiving member when the detected portion is irradiated with light. Thus, it arrange | positions in the position which irradiates light to a to-be-detected part. When irradiating the particulate matter existing in the detected part through a light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window, the light is emitted from the light source through the light-transmitting surface and can be received by the light-receiving member through the light-transmitting surface. Is done.
受光部材は、被検出部に存在する粒状物および背景板からの反射光を受光して、被検出部の外観を検出する部材であり、反射光がある場合に限らず、反射光がない場合にも、反射光がないことを検出して、被検出部の外観を検出する部材である。照射光の吸収等により反射光がない場合には、被検出部の外観は黒色系の外観となる。このように受光部材は被検出部の外観、すなわち表面または粒状物の表面状態、形状等を反射光により検出するものであり、透光面がある場合は透光面と内部の粒状物層との界面における外観を検出する。 The light receiving member is a member that receives the reflected light from the particulate matter and the background plate present in the detected part, and detects the appearance of the detected part, not only when there is reflected light but when there is no reflected light In addition, it is a member that detects the absence of reflected light and detects the appearance of the detected portion. When there is no reflected light due to absorption of irradiation light or the like, the detected portion has a black appearance. In this way, the light receiving member detects the appearance of the detected portion, that is, the surface or the surface state and shape of the granular material by reflected light. If there is a light transmitting surface, the light transmitting surface and the internal granular material layer Detect the appearance at the interface.
受光部材としては、ＣＣＤカメラ（特にカラーＣＣＤカメラ）、２次元イメージセンサなどのように反射光を、ＣＣＤ画像（特にカラーＣＣＤ画像）のような２次元の受光画像として受光するものが好ましいが、点または１次元の信号として受光する光センサ、ラインセンサのような部材でもよい。光センサのように、点または狭い領域の反射光を受光する場合は、特許文献１にように光源との組合せで複数のものを配置することもできるが、１組のものを順次移動させて別の部分から信号を取出すこともできる。イメージセンサ等の場合は、特許文献２にように粒状物の界面付近に１個を配置し、細分化される画素に対応する信号を取出すことができる。 The light receiving member is preferably one that receives reflected light as a two-dimensional light-receiving image such as a CCD image (particularly a color CCD image), such as a CCD camera (particularly a color CCD camera) or a two-dimensional image sensor. A member such as an optical sensor or a line sensor that receives light as a point or one-dimensional signal may be used. When receiving reflected light of a point or a narrow area like an optical sensor, a plurality of things can be arranged in combination with a light source as in Patent Document 1, but one set is moved sequentially. The signal can also be taken from another part. In the case of an image sensor or the like, a signal corresponding to a pixel to be subdivided can be obtained by arranging one near the interface of the granular material as in Patent Document 2.
受光部材を配置する位置は、入射角および反射角を考慮して、光源から被検出部に光を照射したときに、被検出部に存在する粒状物および背景板の背景板本体からの反射光を受光できる位置に配置される。のぞき窓のような透光面を通して被検出部に存在する粒状物に光を照射する場合は、透光面を通して光源からの照射光を照射し、透光面を通して受光部材で受光できるように配置される。この場合、入射角と出射角が等しいという原理を採用し、光源と受光部材の位置を決めることができるが、受光部材は被検出部におけるの外観を検出すればよいから、被検出部に存在する粒状物および背景板の散乱光により外観を検出できるのであれば、入射角と出射角が完全に等しい必要はない。 The position where the light receiving member is arranged is determined by taking into account the incident angle and the reflection angle, and the reflected light from the background plate main body of the particulate matter and the background plate present in the detected portion when the detected portion is irradiated with light from the light source. It is arrange | positioned in the position which can light-receive. When irradiating the particulate matter existing in the detected part through a light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window, the light is emitted from the light source through the light-transmitting surface and can be received by the light-receiving member through the light-transmitting surface. Is done. In this case, the principle that the incident angle and the emission angle are equal can be adopted to determine the positions of the light source and the light receiving member. However, since the light receiving member only needs to detect the appearance of the detected portion, it exists in the detected portion. If the appearance can be detected by the scattered particles and the scattered light of the background plate, the incident angle and the exit angle do not have to be completely equal.
信号取出部材は、受光部材により受光した画像から検出信号を取出す部材であり、反射光の色調（階調）、強度等を検出して、イオン交換樹脂層および水層の有無、イオン交換樹脂の種類等を判定し、被検出部に存在する粒状物および／またはその界面の検出信号を取出し、得られた検出信号により制御を行うように構成される。受光部材がＣＣＤ画像（特にカラーＣＣＤ画像）のような２次元の受光画像として受光する場合は、画像を構成する各領域の画素信号から各領域における反射光の色調（階調）、強度等を検出して、イオン交換樹脂層および水層の有無、イオン交換樹脂層の種別等を判定するように構成される。透光面を通して被検出部に存在する粒状物を検出する場合は、透光面における光学的な影響を排除するように構成するのが好ましい。 The signal extraction member is a member that extracts a detection signal from the image received by the light receiving member, and detects the color tone (gradation), intensity, and the like of the reflected light, and the presence / absence of the ion exchange resin layer and the water layer. It is configured to determine the type and the like, take out the detection signal of the particulate matter existing in the detected part and / or its interface, and control based on the obtained detection signal. When the light-receiving member receives light as a two-dimensional light-receiving image such as a CCD image (particularly a color CCD image), the color tone (gradation), intensity, etc. of reflected light in each region is determined from the pixel signal of each region constituting the image. It is configured to detect and determine the presence / absence of an ion exchange resin layer and an aqueous layer, the type of the ion exchange resin layer, and the like. In the case of detecting a granular object existing in the detected part through the light transmitting surface, it is preferable to configure so as to eliminate the optical influence on the light transmitting surface.
光源、受光部材、信号取出部材等は、それぞれ別の部材を組み合わせて配置することもできるが、ＣＣＤカメラのように、これらの一部または全部が組み合わされて一体化された部材がある場合は、そのような組み合わされた部材を用いることができる。これらの部材のほかに、表示部材、記録部材、演算部材、判定部材、制御部材等を別部材として、あるいは組合せ別部材として用いることができる。 The light source, light receiving member, signal extraction member, etc. can be arranged in combination with each other, but when there is a member in which some or all of these are combined and integrated like a CCD camera. Such combined members can be used. In addition to these members, a display member, a recording member, a calculation member, a determination member, a control member, and the like can be used as separate members or as separate members.
上記の検出装置により被検出部に存在する粒状物を検出する方法は、被検出部から間隔を保って背面側に背景板を配置し、光源から被検出部に均一に照射光を照射し、被検出部に存在する粒状物および／または背景板からの反射光を受光部材で受光して画像を形成させ、得られた画像から信号取出部材において反射光の色調（階調）、強度等を検出して、イオン交換樹脂層および水層の有無、イオン交換樹脂の種類等を判定し、被検出部に存在する粒状物および／またはその界面の検出信号を取出す。透光面を通して被検出部に存在する粒状物を検出する場合は、光源から透光面を通して被検出部に光を照射し、粒状物および／または背景板からの反射光を、透光面を通して受光部材で受光する。 The method for detecting the particulate matter present in the detected part by the detection device described above is to arrange a background plate on the back side with a distance from the detected part, and uniformly irradiate the detected part from the light source, The reflected light from the particulate matter and / or the background plate present in the detected part is received by the light receiving member, and an image is formed. From the obtained image, the color tone (gradation), intensity, etc. of the reflected light is measured at the signal extraction member. Detection is performed to determine the presence / absence of the ion exchange resin layer and the water layer, the type of the ion exchange resin, and the like, and the detection signal of the particulate matter existing in the detected portion and / or its interface is taken out. When detecting a granular object existing in the detected part through the translucent surface, the detected part is irradiated with light from the light source through the translucent surface, and the reflected light from the granular object and / or the background plate is transmitted through the translucent surface. Light is received by the light receiving member.
背景板は、背景板本体を被検出部から間隔を保って背面側に配置するように、取付部材を被検出部に取り付ける。取付部材に係合部（例えば係合溝）を形成した場合は、係合部を被検出部ののぞき窓等の透光面に形成された係合部（例えば係合溝）に係合して取り付ける。背景板本体がばね弾性を有する材質からなる場合は、ばね弾性を利用して取付部材を係合させて取り付け、固着することができる。取付状態では、背景板の背景板本体は被検出部から間隔を保って背面側に配置されているので、その間隙およびさらに背面側にはイオン交換樹脂等の粒状物および水槽が存在することになる。このため取付部材は取付状態において、塔内で流動する樹脂流、水流等により動かないように固着されているのが好ましい。 The background plate attaches the attachment member to the detected portion so that the background plate main body is disposed on the back side with a distance from the detected portion. When an engaging portion (for example, an engaging groove) is formed on the mounting member, the engaging portion is engaged with an engaging portion (for example, an engaging groove) formed on a light-transmitting surface such as a viewing window of the detected portion. And attach. When the background plate main body is made of a material having spring elasticity, it can be attached and fixed by engaging the attachment member using spring elasticity. In the mounted state, the background plate body of the background plate is arranged on the back side with a distance from the detected portion, so that there are particulate matter such as ion exchange resin and water tank in the gap and further on the back side. Become. For this reason, it is preferable that the attachment member is fixed so as not to move by a resin flow, a water flow or the like flowing in the tower in the attached state.
この状態で光源から被検出部に照射光を照射すると、照射光は被検出部に存在する粒状物に照射されるとともに、粒状物が存在しない場合には背景板に照射される。被検出部がイオン交換塔の場合、粒状物はイオン交換樹脂であり、粒状物が存在しない部分は水層となる。このため照射光は粒状物であるイオン交換樹脂に照射されるとともに、粒状物が存在しない部分では水層を通して背景板に照射される。このとき粒状物が存在しない部分では、水層を通して背景板に照射されると、背景板で反射した反射光は水層を通して受光部材に受光され、背景板の外観、即ち背景板の塗装色が画像として得られる。背景板の塗装色は粒状物の色と区別し易い色にするのが好ましく、例えば水色、緑色、紫色等とすることができる。 In this state, when irradiated light is irradiated from the light source to the detected portion, the irradiated light is irradiated to the granular material existing in the detected portion, and when there is no granular material, the background plate is irradiated. When the detected part is an ion exchange tower, the particulate matter is an ion exchange resin, and the portion where the particulate matter does not exist is an aqueous layer. For this reason, the irradiation light is irradiated to the ion exchange resin which is a granular material, and the background plate is irradiated through the aqueous layer in a portion where the granular material does not exist. At this time, in the part where there is no particulate matter, when the background plate is irradiated through the water layer, the reflected light reflected by the background plate is received by the light receiving member through the water layer, and the appearance of the background plate, that is, the coating color of the background plate is changed. Obtained as an image. The coating color of the background plate is preferably a color that can be easily distinguished from the color of the granular material, and can be, for example, light blue, green, or purple.
一方、照射光が粒状物に照射されると、粒状物が不透明であれば、照射光の一部の成分が吸収され、その粒状物に固有の色相の反射光が反射し、受光により固有の色相の画像が形成される。粒状物が黒色であれば、照射光の全部の成分が吸収されて反射光が受光されず、黒色の画像が形成される。粒状物が透明の場合でも、照射光は粒状物表面の球面反射、吸収、屈折、散乱等により、背景板に照射される照射光は少なくなり、背景板で反射した反射光はさらに粒状物表面の球面反射、吸収、屈折、散乱等により、受光部材に受光される反射光はさらに少なくなるため、黒色系の受光画像が得られる。 On the other hand, when the irradiated light is irradiated onto the granular material, if the granular material is opaque, a part of the irradiated light is absorbed, the reflected light of the hue unique to the granular material is reflected, A hue image is formed. If the granular material is black, all the components of the irradiation light are absorbed, the reflected light is not received, and a black image is formed. Even when the granular material is transparent, the irradiation light is irradiated on the background plate due to spherical reflection, absorption, refraction, scattering, etc. on the surface of the granular material, and the reflected light reflected by the background plate is further reflected on the surface of the granular material. Since the reflected light received by the light receiving member is further reduced due to spherical reflection, absorption, refraction, scattering, etc., a black light-receiving image can be obtained.
このようにして受光部材に受光される受光画像は、イオン交換樹脂層のような粒状物が存在する部分と、存在しない部分とで受光強度、色調（階調）等に差があり、また粒状物が存在する部分でも、粒状物の種類により色調（階調）等に差が出る。信号取出部材では、このような反射光の色調（階調）、強度等を検出し、これらの差により粒状物の有無、種類、界面等の検出信号を取出す。こうして得られる検出信号は、表示部材で表示され、記録部材で記録され、演算部材で演算され、判定部で判定され、制御部材で制御信号に変換されて制御に供される。 The light-receiving image received by the light-receiving member in this way has a difference in received light intensity, color tone (gradation), etc., between the part where the particulate matter such as the ion exchange resin layer is present and the part where it is not present. Even in the presence of objects, there are differences in color tone (gradation) depending on the type of granular material. The signal extraction member detects the color tone (gradation), intensity, and the like of such reflected light, and extracts a detection signal of the presence / absence, type, interface, etc. of the particulate matter based on the difference therebetween. The detection signal thus obtained is displayed on the display member, recorded on the recording member, calculated on the calculation member, determined on the determination unit, converted into a control signal on the control member, and used for control.
イオン交換樹脂の場合、ゲル型カチオン交換樹脂のような透明な粒状物のみの存在を検出することができるが、ゲル型カチオン交換樹脂のような透明な粒状物とともに不透明なポーラス型アニオン交換樹脂等の不透明な粒状物が共存している場合でも、反射光の強度の違いや色調の違い等がある場合にはそれぞれ存在を検出することができる。イオン交換樹脂の場合、カチオン交換樹脂およびアニオン交換樹脂の混合樹脂が分離される分離塔の樹脂層の分離界面付近に検出装置を設け、検出器からの信号により樹脂層の界面を検出することができる。 In the case of an ion exchange resin, it is possible to detect the presence of only transparent particles such as a gel type cation exchange resin, but an opaque porous type anion exchange resin etc. together with transparent particles such as a gel type cation exchange resin Even when there are coexisting non-transparent particles, the presence can be detected if there is a difference in the intensity of reflected light or a difference in color tone. In the case of an ion exchange resin, a detection device may be provided near the separation interface of the resin layer of the separation tower where the mixed resin of the cation exchange resin and the anion exchange resin is separated, and the interface of the resin layer may be detected by a signal from the detector. it can.
本発明では、カチオン交換樹脂層およびアニオン交換樹脂層が形成されたイオン交換塔の樹脂層の界面付近に透光面を有する被検出部を設け、被検出部から間隔を保って背面側に背景板を配置し、イオン交換塔に逆洗水を導入し樹脂層内を上向流で通水して樹脂の逆洗分離を行い、光源から被検出部に光を照射し、被検出部に存在する粒状物および／または背景板からの反射光を受光部材で受光し、受光した反射光から信号取出部材により粒状物および／またはその界面の検出信号を取出し、樹脂層の分離界面を樹脂移送ラインの開口面に一致させて、アニオン交換樹脂を樹脂移送ラインから移送するようにしたので、カチオン交換樹脂層と水層のような粒状物の反射光と透明な層の反射光のように、色調の差が少ない場合でも粒状物を高精度で検出でき、透光面を通して粒状物を検出する場合でも粒状物を高精度で検出でき、また粒状物が透明液体中にある場合でも粒状物と透明液体とを識別することができ、これにより粒状物の存否および／またはその界面などを高精度分離できるイオン交換樹脂の分離方法および装置を得ることができる。 In the present invention, a detected portion having a translucent surface is provided in the vicinity of the interface between the resin layers of the ion exchange tower in which the cation exchange resin layer and the anion exchange resin layer are formed, and a background is provided on the back side while keeping a distance from the detected portion. A plate is placed , backwash water is introduced into the ion exchange tower, water is passed through the resin layer in an upward flow to perform backwash separation of the resin , light is irradiated from the light source to the detected part, the reflected light from the particulates and / or background plate present and received by the light-receiving member, a detection signal of the particle and / or the interface extraction City by a signal output members from the received reflected light, the separation interface of the resin layer resin Since the anion exchange resin is transferred from the resin transfer line so as to coincide with the opening surface of the transfer line , the reflected light of the particulate matter such as the cation exchange resin layer and the water layer and the reflected light of the transparent layer Even if there is little difference in color tone, the granular material is highly refined. Even if the particulate matter is detected through the translucent surface, the particulate matter can be detected with high accuracy, and even when the particulate matter is in the transparent liquid, the particulate matter and the transparent liquid can be distinguished. It is possible to obtain an ion exchange resin separation method and apparatus capable of highly accurately separating the presence / absence of particulate matter and / or its interface .
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面により説明する。図１は実施形態のイオン交換樹脂の分離装置を示す構成図であり、イオン交換樹脂の分離塔に適用した例を示す。図２（ａ）はその部分拡大図、（ｂ）は被検出部の正面透視図、（ｃ）は（ｂ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図であり、（ａ）は（ｂ）のＡ−Ａ矢視図を示す。図３は背景板の斜視図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an ion exchange resin separation apparatus according to an embodiment, and shows an example applied to an ion exchange resin separation tower. 2A is a partially enlarged view thereof, FIG. 2B is a front perspective view of the detected portion, FIG. 2C is a sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 2B, and FIG. An arrow view is shown. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the background plate.
図１ないし図３において、１はイオン交換塔（分離塔）であり、図１では、粒状物として球状の透明樹脂であるカチオン交換樹脂２およびアニオン交換樹脂３が充填されてカチオン交換樹脂層４およびアニオン交換樹脂層５が形成され、その上部に水層６が形成されている。図２では、カチオン交換樹脂層４の上部に水層６が形成された状態を示している。イオン交換塔１には被検出部７としてのぞき窓が設けられ、透明ガラスがはめ込まれて透光面８が形成され、カチオン交換樹脂層４とその上の層（図１ではアニオン交換樹脂層５、図２では水層６）との界面９付近が被検出部となっている。 1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes an ion exchange column (separation column). In FIG. 1, a cation exchange resin 2 and an anion exchange resin 3, which are spherical transparent resins, are filled as particulates, and the cation exchange resin layer 4. And the anion exchange resin layer 5 is formed, and the water layer 6 is formed in the upper part. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the water layer 6 is formed on the cation exchange resin layer 4. The ion exchange tower 1 is provided with a viewing window as the detected portion 7, transparent glass is fitted to form a light-transmitting surface 8, and the cation exchange resin layer 4 and the upper layer (in FIG. 1, anion exchange resin layer 5). In FIG. 2, the vicinity of the interface 9 with the water layer 6) is the detected portion.
１０は背景板であり、図３に全体の形状が示されており、被検出部７となるのぞき窓の透光面８から間隔を保って背面側に配置された背景板本体１１と、この背景板本体１１を被検出部の背面側に間隔Ｄを保って取り付ける取付部材１２とから構成されている。背景板本体１１は、弾性を有する鋼板、硬質樹脂板等の板状体からなる。取付部材１２は、背景板本体１１の上下両側部から腕状かつ折曲状に突出し、その先端部で上下の腕状の取付部材１２に連絡する橋絡部１３が形成されており、橋絡部１３の先端部に係合部としての係合片１４が形成され、被検出部７の透光面８に形成された係合部としての係合溝１５に係合して取り付けられるように構成されている。 Reference numeral 10 denotes a background plate, the entire shape of which is shown in FIG. 3, and a background plate main body 11 disposed on the back side while keeping a distance from the light-transmitting surface 8 of the observation window to be detected 7. It is comprised from the attachment member 12 which attaches the background board main body 11 with the space | interval D at the back side of a to-be-detected part. The background plate body 11 is made of a plate-like body such as an elastic steel plate or hard resin plate. The attachment member 12 protrudes from both the upper and lower sides of the background plate main body 11 in an arm shape and a bent shape, and a bridging portion 13 is formed at the tip portion thereof so as to communicate with the upper and lower arm shape attachment members 12. An engagement piece 14 as an engagement portion is formed at the distal end portion of the portion 13 so that the engagement piece 14 is engaged and attached to an engagement groove 15 as an engagement portion formed on the light transmitting surface 8 of the detected portion 7. It is configured.
２１はＬＥＤからなる光源であり、被検出部７となるのぞき窓の透光面８から背景板１０に照射光を照射する位置に配置されている。２２は受光部材としてのＣＣＤカメラ（カラーＣＣＤカメラ）であり、被検出部７の透光面８内側の被検出部に存在する粒状物としてのイオン交換樹脂および背景板１０の背景板本体１１からの反射光を受光する位置に配置されている。２３は信号取出部材としての画像処理部であり、ＣＣＤカメラ２２で受光した画像からＣＣＤ画像を処理して検出信号を取出し、表示部材としての表示部２４で表示するように構成されている。画像処理部２３と表示部２４は現場計器収納盤２５に収納される。 Reference numeral 21 denotes a light source composed of an LED, which is disposed at a position where the background plate 10 is irradiated with irradiation light from the light-transmitting surface 8 of the observation window serving as the detected portion 7. Reference numeral 22 denotes a CCD camera (color CCD camera) as a light receiving member, from the ion exchange resin as a granular material present in the detected portion inside the light transmitting surface 8 of the detected portion 7 and the background plate main body 11 of the background plate 10. It is arrange | positioned in the position which receives the reflected light. An image processing unit 23 as a signal extraction member is configured to process a CCD image from an image received by the CCD camera 22 to extract a detection signal and display it on a display unit 24 as a display member. The image processing unit 23 and the display unit 24 are stored in the on-site instrument storage panel 25.
２６は調節部であり、信号取出部材としての画像処理部２３で得られる検出信号により、イオン交換塔１へ給水する給水ライン３１に設けられた調節弁２７の開閉を行うように構成されている。３２はイオン交換塔１の上部に連絡する排水ライン、３３はイオン交換塔１の界面９付近に連絡する樹脂排出ラインである。 An adjustment unit 26 is configured to open and close the adjustment valve 27 provided in the water supply line 31 for supplying water to the ion exchange tower 1 based on a detection signal obtained by the image processing unit 23 as a signal extraction member. . Reference numeral 32 denotes a drainage line connected to the upper part of the ion exchange tower 1, and 33 denotes a resin discharge line connected to the vicinity of the interface 9 of the ion exchange tower 1.
上記の検出装置により被検出部に存在する粒状物を検出するには、まず背景板本体１１をイオン交換塔１の被検出部７となるのぞき窓の透光面８から間隔を保って背面側に配置するように、取付部材１２により背景板１０を被検出部に取り付ける。このとき取付部材１２の係合部としての係合片１４を、被検出部７の透光面８に形成された係合部としての係合溝１５にばね弾性を利用して係合させ、背景板１０を透光面８に取り付け固着する。取付状態では、背景板１０の背景板本体１１は被検出部７としてののぞき窓の透光面８から間隔を保って背面側に配置されているので、その間隙およびさらに背面側にはカチオン交換樹脂層４、アニオン交換樹脂層５および水層６が存在することになる。 In order to detect the particulate matter existing in the detected portion by the above-described detection device, first, the background plate body 11 is kept on the back side while keeping a distance from the light transmitting surface 8 of the observation window that becomes the detected portion 7 of the ion exchange tower 1. The background plate 10 is attached to the detected portion by the attachment member 12 so as to be disposed at the position. At this time, the engagement piece 14 as the engagement portion of the attachment member 12 is engaged with the engagement groove 15 as the engagement portion formed on the light transmitting surface 8 of the detected portion 7 using spring elasticity, The background plate 10 is attached and fixed to the translucent surface 8. In the mounted state, the background plate main body 11 of the background plate 10 is arranged on the back side with a space from the light-transmitting surface 8 of the observation window as the detected portion 7, so that cation exchange is performed in the gap and further on the back side. The resin layer 4, the anion exchange resin layer 5, and the water layer 6 are present.
イオン交換塔１は通常は混合樹脂が充填されて混床式としてイオン交換に用いられるが、再生に際しては分離塔として用いられる。再生に際しては給水ライン３１から給水し、樹脂層内を上向流で通水して排水ライン３２から排水することにより逆洗して樹脂層を展開させ、カチオン交換樹脂層４とアニオン交換樹脂層５に分離する。そしてカチオン交換樹脂層４とアニオン交換樹脂層５の分離界面９を樹脂排出ライン３３の開口面に一致させて、樹脂排出ライン３３からアニオン交換樹脂３を排出して移送する。このときカチオン交換樹脂層４とアニオン交換樹脂層５の分離界面９を上記の検出装置により検出する。 The ion exchange column 1 is usually filled with a mixed resin and used for ion exchange as a mixed bed type, but is used as a separation column for regeneration. At the time of regeneration, water is supplied from the water supply line 31, and the resin layer is backwashed by passing water through the resin layer in an upward flow and draining from the drain line 32, and the cation exchange resin layer 4 and the anion exchange resin layer are developed. 5 is separated. Then, the separation interface 9 between the cation exchange resin layer 4 and the anion exchange resin layer 5 is made to coincide with the opening surface of the resin discharge line 33, and the anion exchange resin 3 is discharged from the resin discharge line 33 and transferred. At this time, the separation interface 9 between the cation exchange resin layer 4 and the anion exchange resin layer 5 is detected by the detection device.
この場合、光源２１から被検出部７の透光面８の被検出部に照射光を照射すると、照射光は透光面８を通して被検出部に存在する粒状物であるカチオン交換樹脂層４、アニオン交換樹脂層５のイオン交換樹脂に照射されるとともに、カチオン交換樹脂層４またはアニオン交換樹脂層５が存在しない水層６の部分では、背景板１０の背景板本体１１に照射される。カチオン交換樹脂層４またはアニオン交換樹脂層５の反射光は透光面８を通して受光部材としてのＣＣＤカメラ２２に受光され、背景板１０の外観が画像として得られる。 In this case, when the irradiated light is irradiated from the light source 21 to the detected portion of the light transmitting surface 8 of the detected portion 7, the irradiated light passes through the light transmitting surface 8 and the cation exchange resin layer 4 which is a granular material existing in the detected portion. The ion exchange resin of the anion exchange resin layer 5 is irradiated, and the background plate body 11 of the background plate 10 is irradiated in the portion of the water layer 6 where the cation exchange resin layer 4 or the anion exchange resin layer 5 does not exist. The reflected light of the cation exchange resin layer 4 or the anion exchange resin layer 5 is received by the CCD camera 22 as a light receiving member through the light transmitting surface 8, and the appearance of the background plate 10 is obtained as an image.
アニオン交換樹脂層５に照射光が照射されると、アニオン交換樹脂３は不透明であるので、照射光の一部の成分が吸収され、そのアニオン交換樹脂３に固有の色相の反射光が反射し、受光により固有の色相の画像が形成される。粒状物が黒色であれば、照射光の全部の成分が吸収されて反射光が受光されず、黒色の画像が形成される。アニオン交換樹脂３は白ないし黄色系の色調として受光される。 When the anion exchange resin layer 5 is irradiated with irradiation light, since the anion exchange resin 3 is opaque, a part of the irradiation light is absorbed, and reflected light having a hue unique to the anion exchange resin 3 is reflected. A unique hue image is formed by receiving light. If the granular material is black, all the components of the irradiation light are absorbed, the reflected light is not received, and a black image is formed. The anion exchange resin 3 is received as white or yellow color tone.
一方、カチオン交換樹脂２は透明であるが、照射光は樹脂表面の球面反射、吸収、屈折、散乱等により、背景板１０に照射される照射光は少なくなり、背景板１０で反射した反射光はさらに球面反射、吸収、屈折、散乱等により、受光部材としての画像処理部２３に受光される反射光はさらに少なくなるため、黒色系の受光画像が得られる。 On the other hand, the cation exchange resin 2 is transparent, but the irradiation light is irradiated on the background plate 10 due to spherical reflection, absorption, refraction, scattering, etc. on the resin surface, and the reflected light reflected by the background plate 10 is reduced. Further, since the reflected light received by the image processing unit 23 as the light receiving member is further reduced due to spherical reflection, absorption, refraction, scattering, etc., a black-colored light reception image is obtained.
受光部材としての画像処理部２３では、受光されるカチオン交換樹脂層４、アニオン交換樹脂層５の受光画像は、樹脂種類の差により色調（階調）、強度等に差が出るため、このような反射光の色調（階調）、強度等を検出し、これらの差により樹脂層の有無、種類、界面等の検出信号を取出す。こうして画像処理部２３で得られる検出信号は、ＴＦＴ表示器からなる表示部２４で表示され、記録部材で記録され、制御部材としての調節部２６で制御信号に変換されて制御に供される。この場合、画像処理部２３で得られる検出信号により、イオン交換塔１へ給水する給水ライン３１に設けられた調節弁２７の開閉を行うことにより、分離界面９を樹脂排出ライン３３の開口面に一致させて、樹脂排出ライン３３からアニオン交換樹脂３を排出して移送する。 In the image processing unit 23 as the light receiving member, the received light image of the cation exchange resin layer 4 and the anion exchange resin layer 5 is different in color tone (gradation), intensity, etc. due to the difference in resin type. The color tone (gradation), intensity, etc. of the reflected light is detected, and detection signals such as the presence / absence, type, interface, etc. of the resin layer are extracted based on the difference between them. The detection signal thus obtained by the image processing unit 23 is displayed on the display unit 24 composed of a TFT display, recorded by a recording member, converted into a control signal by an adjusting unit 26 as a control member, and used for control. In this case, the separation interface 9 is opened to the opening surface of the resin discharge line 33 by opening and closing the control valve 27 provided in the water supply line 31 for supplying water to the ion exchange tower 1 based on the detection signal obtained by the image processing unit 23. The anion exchange resin 3 is discharged from the resin discharge line 33 and transferred.
樹脂排出ライン３３からアニオン交換樹脂３を排出すると、図１のアニオン交換樹脂層５はなくなり、図２に示すように、カチオン交換樹脂層４の上部に水層６が形成される。前述のようにカチオン交換樹脂２からは黒色系の受光画像が得られるが、イオン交換樹脂が存在しない水層６の部分では、水層６を通して背景板１０に照射光が照射されると、背景板１０で反射した反射光は水層６および透光面８を通して受光部材としての画像処理部２３に受光され、背景板１０の外観が画像として得られる。実施例の背景板１０はカチオン交換樹脂２と補色の水色であるので、水色の画像が得られ、カチオン交換樹脂層４と水層６の界面９を検出することができる。したがってアニオン交換樹脂３の排出完了後、カチオン交換樹脂２の排出前に樹脂排出ライン３３から樹脂の排出を停止することができる。 When the anion exchange resin 3 is discharged from the resin discharge line 33, the anion exchange resin layer 5 in FIG. 1 is removed, and the aqueous layer 6 is formed on the cation exchange resin layer 4 as shown in FIG. As described above, a black-colored light-receiving image is obtained from the cation exchange resin 2, but in the portion of the water layer 6 where the ion exchange resin does not exist, when the background plate 10 is irradiated with irradiation light through the water layer 6, the background The reflected light reflected by the plate 10 is received by the image processing unit 23 as a light receiving member through the water layer 6 and the light transmitting surface 8, and the appearance of the background plate 10 is obtained as an image. Since the background plate 10 of the embodiment has a light blue color complementary to that of the cation exchange resin 2, a light blue image can be obtained, and the interface 9 between the cation exchange resin layer 4 and the water layer 6 can be detected. Therefore, after the discharge of the anion exchange resin 3 is completed, the discharge of the resin from the resin discharge line 33 can be stopped before the discharge of the cation exchange resin 2.
実施例１、比較例１：
図１ないし図３に示す装置において、背景板１０として、高さ（全長）１７０ｍｍ、幅５０ｍｍの水色に塗装された背景板本体１１を、透光面８から２０ｍｍの間隔を保って被検出部７の背面側に配置し、ＣＣＤカメラ２２の画像を画像処理部２３でＲＧＢ２５６階調の画像処理を行って、アニオン交換樹脂層５または水層６とカチオン交換樹脂層４との界面９を検出して、界面９を樹脂排出ライン３３に合わせながらアニオン交換樹脂３の排出を行った（実施例１）。アニオン交換樹脂３の排出終了直前の画像処理部２３の受光画像を図４（ａ）に、アニオン交換樹脂３の排出終了時の画像処理部２３の受光画像を図４（ｂ）に、背景板１０を使用しない場合（比較例１）のアニオン交換樹脂３の排出終了時の画像処理部２３の受光画像を図４（ｃ）に示す。
Example 1, Comparative Example 1:
In the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a background plate body 11 painted in a light blue color having a height (full length) of 170 mm and a width of 50 mm is used as the background plate 10 at a distance of 20 mm from the translucent surface 8. 7, and the image of the CCD camera 22 is subjected to RGB 256 gradation image processing by the image processing unit 23 to detect the interface 9 between the anion exchange resin layer 5 or the water layer 6 and the cation exchange resin layer 4. Then, the anion exchange resin 3 was discharged while aligning the interface 9 with the resin discharge line 33 (Example 1). FIG. 4A shows a light reception image of the image processing unit 23 immediately before the end of the discharge of the anion exchange resin 3, FIG. 4B shows a light reception image of the image processing unit 23 at the end of the discharge of the anion exchange resin 3, and FIG. FIG. 4C shows a light reception image of the image processing unit 23 at the end of discharging the anion exchange resin 3 when 10 is not used (Comparative Example 1).
以上の結果、実施例では、カチオン交換樹脂層４、アニオン交換樹脂層５、水層６の受光画像より、アニオン交換樹脂層５または水層６とカチオン交換樹脂層４との界面９は、色調（階調）、強度等の差により明確に識別でき、アニオン交換樹脂層５または水層６とカチオン交換樹脂層４との界面９を検出しながらアニオン交換樹脂３の排出を行い、樹脂の分離を行うことができた。カチオン交換樹脂層４と水層６の受光画像は、背景板１０がない場合（比較例１）は、どちらも黒色系であり、界面９の識別は困難であったが、背景板１０がある場合（実施例１）は、色調、強度等の差により界面９は明確に識別できた。 As a result of the above, in the examples, from the light-receiving images of the cation exchange resin layer 4, the anion exchange resin layer 5, and the water layer 6, the anion exchange resin layer 5 or the interface 9 between the water layer 6 and the cation exchange resin layer 4 has a color tone. (Tone), and can be clearly identified by differences in strength, etc., and the anion exchange resin 3 is discharged while detecting the interface 9 between the anion exchange resin layer 5 or the water layer 6 and the cation exchange resin layer 4 to separate the resin. Was able to do. In the case where there is no background plate 10 (Comparative Example 1), the received light images of the cation exchange resin layer 4 and the water layer 6 are both black, and the interface 9 is difficult to identify, but there is the background plate 10. In the case (Example 1), the interface 9 could be clearly identified by the difference in color tone, strength, and the like.
上記の実施例において、背景板１０の形状、構造、大きさ、塗装色等は変更可能である。また光源、受光部材、信号取出部材等も、任意のものが使用できる。本発明はカチオン交換樹脂のような透明ないし黒色系の粒状物と、透明な水層との識別に適しているが、他の色調の粒状物同士、または粒状物と他の層との識別にも適用できる。 In the above embodiment, the shape, structure, size, paint color, etc. of the background plate 10 can be changed. Any light source, light receiving member, signal extracting member, etc. can be used. The present invention is suitable for discriminating between transparent or black particles such as a cation exchange resin and a transparent water layer, but for identifying particles of other colors or between particles and other layers. Is also applicable.
本発明は、イオン交換樹脂を分離する方法および装置に利用可能である。 The present invention can be take advantage the method and apparatus for separating the ion exchange resin.
１ イオン交換塔（分離塔）
２ カチオン交換樹脂
３ アニオン交換樹脂
４ カチオン交換樹脂層
５ アニオン交換樹脂層
６ 水層
７ 被検出部
８ 透光面
９ 界面
１０ 背景板
１１ 背景板本体
１２ 取付部材
１３ 橋絡部
１４ 係合片
１５ 係合溝
２１ 光源
２２ ＣＣＤカメラ
２３ 画像処理部
２４ 表示部
２５ 現場計器収納盤
２６ 調節部
２７ 調節弁
３１ 給水ライン
３２ 排水ライン
３３ 樹脂排出ライン
1 Ion exchange tower (separation tower)
2 Cation Exchange Resin 3 Anion Exchange Resin 4 Cation Exchange Resin Layer 5 Anion Exchange Resin Layer 6 Water Layer 7 Detected Portion 8 Translucent Surface 9 Interface 10 Background Plate 11 Background Plate Body 12 Mounting Member 13 Bridge Portion 14 Engagement Piece 15 Engaging groove 21 Light source 22 CCD camera 23 Image processing unit 24 Display unit 25 On-site instrument storage panel 26 Control unit 27 Control valve 31 Water supply line 32 Drain line 33 Resin discharge line
Claims (3)
被検出部の透光面から間隔を保って背面側に背景板を配置し、
イオン交換塔に逆洗水を導入し樹脂層内を上向流で通水して樹脂の逆洗分離を行い、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板に光を照射し、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板からの反射光を受光することにより樹脂層の界面を検出し、
樹脂層の分離界面を樹脂移送ラインの開口面に一致させて、アニオン交換樹脂を樹脂移送ラインから移送することを特徴とするイオン交換樹脂の分離方法。 Providing a detected part having a translucent surface near the interface of the resin layer of the ion exchange tower in which the cation exchange resin layer and the anion exchange resin layer are formed,
A background plate is arranged on the back side with a distance from the translucent surface of the detected part ,
Backwash water is introduced into the ion exchange tower and water is passed through the resin layer in an upward flow to perform backwash separation of the resin.
Irradiate the resin and / or background plate present in the detected part with light ,
By detecting the resin existing in the detected part and / or reflected light from the background plate, the interface of the resin layer is detected ,
A method for separating an ion exchange resin, wherein the separation interface of the resin layer is made to coincide with the opening surface of the resin transfer line, and the anion exchange resin is transferred from the resin transfer line.
イオン交換塔の樹脂層の界面付近に設けられた透光面を有する被検出部と、
被検出部の透光面から間隔を保って背面側に配置された背景板と、
イオン交換塔に逆洗水を導入し樹脂層内を上向流で通水して樹脂の逆洗分離を行う手段と、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板に光を照射する光源と、
被検出部に存在する樹脂および／または背景板からの反射光を受光する受光部材と、
受光した反射光から粒状物および／またはその界面の検出信号を取出す信号取出部材と、
樹脂層の分離界面を樹脂移送ラインの開口面に一致させて、アニオン交換樹脂を移送する樹脂移送ラインとを含むことを特徴とするイオン交換樹脂の分離装置。 An ion exchange tower in which a cation exchange resin layer and an anion exchange resin layer are formed;
A detected portion having a translucent surface provided near the interface of the resin layer of the ion exchange tower;
A background plate arranged on the back side at a distance from the translucent surface of the detected part;
Means for introducing backwash water into the ion exchange tower and passing the resin layer in an upward flow to perform backwash separation of the resin;
A light source that irradiates the resin and / or background plate present in the detected part; and
A light receiving member that receives reflected light from the resin and / or background plate present in the detected portion ;
A signal extraction member for extracting a detection signal of the particulate matter and / or its interface from the received reflected light;
An ion exchange resin separation device comprising: a resin transfer line for transferring an anion exchange resin with a separation interface of the resin layer being made coincident with an opening surface of the resin transfer line.
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