JP4365753B2 - Protective body and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a protective body having impact resistance performance mainly including bulletproof, explosion-proof and blade-proof and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a protective body having a high defense function and capable of being reduced in weight and a manufacturing method thereof.

Protective bodies are used in, for example, various vehicles such as protective vehicles and battle vehicles, various ships such as patrol boats, nuclear reactors, buildings, and the like, and there are various types of protective bodies. As the performance required for the protection body, impact resistance performance mainly including bulletproof, explosion-proof and blade-proof is the most important, but there are other demands for reduction in size and weight and cost.
As a protective body satisfying these required performances, a structure in which a plurality of ceramics, steel plates, resins, or composite materials thereof are laminated is generally used. Strength, ductility, toughness, etc. are required to reliably prevent impacts such as bullets and debris. However, when used alone, these cannot be combined, so multiple materials can be combined to form a composite. Performance can be improved.

Regarding a structure in which a plurality of different materials are laminated, a multilayer bulletproof structure is disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-106999). In this multilayer bulletproof structure, a first layer made of a ceramic style, a second layer made of a polyalkene filament, and an intermediate layer are provided between the first layer and the second layer.
The above-described configuration is particularly excellent in bulletproof performance, and the kinetic energy of bullets and the like is dispersed by the ceramic style having the high hardness of the first layer, and the kinetic energy is absorbed by the deformation of the polyalkene filament having the high ductility of the second layer. In this way, bullets are received and a complete defense function is secured.
However, a laminated protective plate made of a ceramic plate and a light metal plate or FRP has a problem that it is difficult to cope with the next round in the vicinity of the first bullet because a wide range of ceramics are damaged by a shock wave in one shot. ing.

Therefore, in Patent Document 2 (US Pat. No. 3,523,057), Patent Document 3 (US Pat. No. 5,134,725), Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-527705), etc., the damaged region is formed by pelletizing ceramics. Protective bodies have been proposed that can secure a defense function even when localized and used continuously.
Patent Document 2 discloses an armor plate having a configuration in which a plurality of spherical rigid members are fixed on a plastic base having elasticity, and a small-diameter rigid member is disposed on the rigid member.
Patent Document 3 includes a base having a recess and a protective member made of glass or ceramics disposed in the recess, and the gap between adjacent protective members is filled with another protective member. A rigid protective body having a configuration in which the protective member is bonded with a thermoplastic or thermosetting substance is disclosed.

Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses a composite armor plate that absorbs and dissipates kinetic energy from a high-speed bullet. FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the composite armor plate. As shown in the figure, the armor plate 50 includes an inner panel 51 made of an elastic material and an outer panel 53 containing ceramic pellets 52. The outer panel 53 is directly joined to the plate by a solidifying material so that the pellets 52 are joined to a plurality of adjacent rows. The pellets contain at least 93% Al ₂ O ₃ and have a specific gravity of at least 2.5, which forms a single inner layer.
As a result, the damaged region is localized by the pellet 52, and the pellet 52 is a single layer, so that the weight and thickness can be reduced.

JP-A-5-106999 US Pat. No. 3,523,057 US Pat. No. 5,134,725 Special table 2002-527705 gazette

As described above, when the ceramics are pelletized instead of the ceramic plate and arranged in layers, the damaged area can be localized, and it has durability that can withstand some continuous use of the protective body, As in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, by simply fixing the pellet with resin or the like, the pellet cannot be sufficiently retained when the impact object is received in the vicinity of the outer periphery, and the blocking force of the impact object is reduced.
On the other hand, as in Patent Document 3, the arrangement of pellets in a single layer can be reduced in weight and size, but there is a problem that the blocking force is reduced when an impact is received between the pellets.
Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention has a protective function against impacts such as bullets, explosives, and blades, and further achieves uniform blocking performance at the impacted points and weight reduction. An object of the present invention is to provide a possible protective body and a manufacturing method thereof.

Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present invention provides:
In the protective body formed of a multilayer structure consisting of different members,
A protective body in which a base material layer made of a flat fiber-reinforced composite material is arranged as a back material, and a ceramic layer is formed as a surface material on the base material layer,
The ceramic layer includes a first ceramic layer in which a plurality of main ceramic spheres are planarly arranged adjacent to each other, and the main ceramic sphere is filled with a gap between the main ceramic spheres on one side of the first ceramic layer. A second ceramic layer in which a plurality of auxiliary ceramic spheres having a diameter smaller than that of the ceramic sphere are arranged; and a structure in which the main ceramic is fixed to the base material layer by an elastic solidifying material filled in the ceramic layer. The sphere is mainly composed of silicon nitride, and the auxiliary ceramic sphere is mainly composed of alumina.

According to this, since the ceramic layer is an aggregate of spherical ceramics, the damaged region is localized without impact being transmitted over a wide range of the ceramic layer at the time of impact, and it is possible to deal with proximity hits and the like. In addition, the protective body of the present invention has a multilayer structure of a base material layer using a fiber reinforced composite material and a ceramic layer, so the weight of the protective body can be reduced. Also increases the defense effect.
In addition, according to the present invention, the auxiliary ceramic sphere having a diameter smaller than that of the main ceramic sphere is disposed in the portion located in the gap between the main ceramic spheres, so that the blocking performance at the impacted point can be made uniform. Become.
Furthermore, since the solidified material is filled in the gaps between the ceramic spheres and these are fixed, the ceramic spheres are not scattered when impacted, and the solidified material has elasticity. The ceramic layer has a structure in which a rigid body and an elastic body are combined, and the blocking force of an impact object is improved.

In the present invention, the thickness of the protective body can be reduced by making the auxiliary ceramic sphere smaller in diameter than the main ceramic sphere. This is because the main function of the main ceramic sphere is to disperse the kinetic energy of the impact object, and the main function of the auxiliary ceramic sphere is to fill the gap between the main ceramic spheres and to disperse the kinetic energy in an auxiliary manner. For this reason, the auxiliary ceramic sphere can have a small diameter.

In addition, it is preferable that at least the surface of the ceramic layer of the protective body is covered with a woven or net-like body formed of reinforcing fibers.
Thereby, scattering of the ceramic sphere and the ceramic sphere fragments can be prevented when the protective body is impacted. Further, the holding force of the ceramic sphere when the shock is applied to the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the protective body is increased, and the blocking performance at the point of impact can be made uniform. The protective body may be configured to cover the entire surface of the protective body with a woven or net-like body.

In particular, the gist of the present invention is that the main ceramic sphere has silicon nitride as a main component and the auxiliary ceramic sphere has alumina as a main component. This is because the main ceramic sphere that mainly disperses the kinetic energy of the impact object is made of silicon nitride, which is excellent in impact resistance, and the auxiliary ceramic sphere is made of inexpensive alumina, thereby providing protection performance. As a result, the cost can be reduced.
Furthermore, an inner layer made of a tough metal member or alloy member is disposed on the exposed surface on the base material layer side.
By providing the inner layer in this manner, when the ceramic layer and the base material layer alone cannot withstand the kinetic energy of the impact object, the inner layer can receive them and reliably prevent the impact object.

Moreover, in the method of manufacturing a protective body formed of a multilayer structure composed of different members,
A base material layer made of a flat fiber reinforced composite material is arranged as a back surface material, and a plurality of silicon nitrides as a main component are formed on the base material layer in accordance with a forming jig installed together with the base material layer. As the main ceramic spheres are arranged and the gap between the adjacent main ceramic spheres is filled, auxiliary ceramic spheres having a smaller diameter than the main ceramic spheres and mainly composed of alumina are arranged and fluidized in the forming jig. After injecting and filling the solidified material, before the solidified material is cured, vibration is applied to the solidified material to remove bubbles inside the solidified material, and after the solidified material is cured, the protective body is demolded from the molding jig. Preferably, at least the ceramic ball side surface of the protective body removed from the forming jig is covered with a woven or net-like body formed of reinforcing fibers.
Thus, by manufacturing a base material layer and a ceramic layer by laminating them in a planar shape, the ceramic balls can be easily arranged, and a protective body can be easily manufactured. Moreover, a protective body with high holding power of the ceramic sphere can be manufactured by applying vibration and deaeration after injecting the solidifying material.

As described above, according to the present invention, since the kinetic energy dispersed by the impact object damaged by the ceramic sphere is absorbed by the FRP plastic deformation ability, the weight can be reduced and the damage area is localized, and the proximity hits, etc. Can be dealt with. Further, by arranging a plurality of main ceramic spheres and arranging auxiliary ceramic spheres having a diameter smaller than that of the main ceramic spheres so as to make up the gap between the adjacent main ceramic spheres, the gap generated between the ceramics is minimized, and It is possible to make the blocking performance uniform at the impact point. Furthermore, the holding force of the ceramic sphere when receiving an impact object in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion increases, and it becomes possible to make the blocking performance uniform at the impacted point. In particular, according to the present invention, the main ceramic sphere that mainly disperses the kinetic energy of the impact object is made of silicon nitride having excellent impact resistance, and the auxiliary ceramic sphere is made of inexpensive alumina, thereby providing a protective performance. As a result, the cost can be reduced.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Not too much.
The protective plate described in the present embodiment can be installed, for example, as an armored plate of various vehicles such as protective vehicles and combat vehicles, and various ships such as patrol boats, or on doors and walls of reactors, buildings, etc. It has a protective function against impacts such as bullets, explosives, and blades, and in particular has a function of blocking bullets that give a strong impact to a limited area such as a high-speed armor-piercing bullet. In addition, the present embodiment provides a protective body that has these protective functions and further achieves uniform blocking performance at the point of impact and enables weight reduction.

1 is a perspective view of a protection plate according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the protection plate according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a protection view according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. It is a layout view of the ceramic spheres of the plate. In this embodiment, a bullet protection plate will be described as an example.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the protective plate 10 according to this embodiment includes a base layer 11 made of plate-like fiber-reinforced composite material as a backsheet, a plurality on the substrate layer 11 as a surface material The ceramic ceramics 12 are formed of a plurality of types of ceramic balls 12 and 13 in which auxiliary ceramic spheres 13 having a smaller diameter than the main ceramic spheres 12 are arranged in a plane so as to fill the gaps between the adjacent main ceramic spheres 12. The multilayer structure has a layer 15 and a holding shield 16 covering the surface of the ceramic layer 15. The protection plate 10 forms a part member having a shape and a size corresponding to an installation location, and a predetermined number of the part members are attached to a vehicle body, a hull, etc. to constitute a protection structure.

  The base material layer 11 is made of a fiber reinforced composite material such as FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics). As the reinforcing fiber contained in the composite material, a high-strength, high-elastic modulus bulletproof fiber can be used. Dyneema (both are registered trademarks), glass fiber, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fiber and the like are suitable. The matrix of the fiber reinforced composite material is preferably a polymer material having high strength, high toughness, and high ductility, and examples thereof include polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, ABS resin, and other plastic materials. The base material layer 11 may have a structure in which FRP and a strength member such as a metal or an alloy are laminated.

The ceramic layer 15, a first ceramic layer having a plurality of main ceramic spheres 12 are planar arrangement on the substrate layer 11 adjacent to each other, on one side of the first ceramic layer, the main a second ceramic layer there are multiple auxiliary ceramic balls 13 Tona of smaller diameter than said main ceramic spheres 12 disposed as to cover a gap between the ceramic balls 12, but the base by solidifying agent 14 filled in the ceramic layer The structure is fixed to the material layer 11. Here, the second ceramic layer can also be that a plurality layers formed on one surface side of the first ceramic layer is a matter of course.
Ceramics generally refers to the whole of ceramics, but here it is industrial ceramics used for industrial purposes, and has high rigidity and hardness. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a material having high hardness, compressive strength, and bending strength for the ceramic sphere used in this embodiment, and the main ceramic sphere 12 that mainly disperses the kinetic energy of the impact object has an impact resistance resistance. Silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ) having excellent properties is used, and inexpensive aluminum oxide (alumina; Al ₂ O ₃ ) is used for the auxiliary ceramic balls .
The solidifying material 14 is made of a material having a high elastic modulus such as urethane rubber, and is filled in the gaps between the ceramic balls 12 and 13 to hold them.

FIGS. 3A and 3B show examples of the layout of the main ceramic sphere 12 and the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13.
FIG. 3A shows that the main ceramic spheres 12 are arranged so as to be aligned in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and the auxiliary ceramics are placed in the recesses in the center of four adjacent main ceramic spheres, that is, in the gaps between the main ceramic spheres. A sphere 13 is arranged. This and come, that the pre-Symbol auxiliary ceramic balls 13 to a smaller diameter than said main ceramic spheres 12.
Further, as an arrangement diagram according to another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), three adjacent main ceramic spheres 12 are arranged so as to form an equilateral triangle, and a concave portion at the center of the equilateral triangle, That is, the auxiliary ceramic balls 13 are disposed in the gaps between the main ceramic balls. The pre-Symbol auxiliary ceramic ball 13 this and can you a smaller diameter than said main ceramic spheres 12. The most suitable size of the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 is such that the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 disposed in the central recess of the triangle is in contact with the adjacent auxiliary ceramic sphere 13. When the diameter is R and the diameter of the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 is r, it is preferable that R = √3 · r.
Also, in these examples, the main ceramic balls 12 and with different material for the auxiliary ceramic balls 13, the main component of the pre-Symbol main ceramic balls 12 and the silicon nitride shall be the alumina principal component of the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 .

The holding shield 16 has a structure in which at least the exposed surface of the ceramic layer 15 is covered with a woven body such as a plain woven fabric formed of reinforcing fibers as described above, and is firmly bonded. In addition, you may use the net-like body which made the reinforcing fiber net.
The holding shield 16 prevents scattering of the ceramic balls 12 and 13 and ceramic ball fragments when the protective plate 10 is hit. Further, the holding force of the ceramic balls 12 and 13 when hitting the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the protective plate 10 is increased, and the blocking performance at the hit points can be made uniform. Needless to say, the holding shield 16 may be configured to cover the entire protection plate 10.

A phenomenon that occurs in the protective plate 10 when the bullet is hit in the protective plate 10 of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. When the kinetic energy of the bullet 25 is large, the bullet 25 breaks through the holding shield 16 and penetrates in the order of the ceramic layer 15, the base material layer 11, and the inner layer (not shown), and a destruction phenomenon occurs at the same time. As shown in FIG. 6, the bullets that have landed are first crushed by ceramic balls 12 and 13 with high hardness in the ceramic layer 15 to disperse the kinetic energy of the bullets 25 and resist the penetration. The kinetic energy is absorbed by the deformation of the base material layer 11 and the bullet 25 is received.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the ceramic layer 15 is an aggregate of spherical ceramics, the damage area is localized without the impact being transmitted to a wide area of the ceramic layer 15, and it is possible to deal with close hitting. Become.
Moreover, since the base material layer 11 using the fiber reinforced composite material and the ceramic layer 15 are formed in a multilayer structure, the protective plate 10 can be reduced in weight, and moreover, the protective effect is more effective than the protective steel plate of the same mass. Get higher.

Further, as a main effect of the present embodiment, since the auxiliary ceramics 13 having a smaller diameter than the main ceramic spheres 12 are disposed in the portions located in the gaps of the main ceramic spheres 12 , the blocking performance at the bullet points can be made uniform. Is possible. Further, by making the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 smaller in diameter than the main ceramic sphere 12, the thickness of the protective plate 10 can be reduced. This is because the main function of the main ceramic sphere 12 is to disperse the kinetic energy of the impact object, and the main function of the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 having a diameter smaller than that of the main ceramic sphere 12 is to fill the gap of the main ceramic sphere 12. Since the kinetic energy is dispersed in an auxiliary manner, the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 can be reduced in diameter.
Further, the main ceramic sphere 12 that mainly disperses the kinetic energy of the impact object is made of silicon nitride having excellent impact resistance, and the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 is made of inexpensive alumina, thereby providing a protection performance. It is possible to improve and reduce the cost.
Further, by filling the solidified material 14 into the gaps between the ceramic balls 12 and 13 and fixing them, the holding force is increased without scattering the ceramic balls 12 and 13 at the time of impact.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to paste an inner layer (not shown) made of a metal member or alloy member having high toughness on the exposed surface of the base material layer 11, that is, the innermost surface. For example, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, duralumin, or other high-strength steel is suitable for the material of the inner layer. Thus, by providing the inner layer, when only the ceramic layer 15 and the base material layer 11 cannot withstand the kinetic energy of the bullet at the time of being hit, the inner layer receives them and reliably prevents the bullet. it can.

Next, with reference to FIG.4 and FIG.5, it demonstrates about the manufacturing method of the guard plate based on a present Example.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a protective plate according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing one step of the method for manufacturing the protective plate.
First, a forming jig 21 corresponding to the size and shape of the protection plate to be manufactured is installed on the vibration table 20 (S1). As shown in FIG. 5, the forming jig 21 has, for example, a rectangular frame shape, and has a height equal to or greater than the thickness of the protective plate.
Further, the base material layer 11 is laid in the forming jig 21 (S2), and the main ceramic sphere 12 and the auxiliary ceramic sphere 13 are arranged on the base material layer 11, and the first ceramic layer and the second ceramic sphere are arranged. A ceramic layer is formed (S3).

Then, the solidifying material 14 is injected into the forming jig 21 (see FIG. 5) so that the gap between the ceramic balls 12 and 13 is filled (S4). When the solidifying material 14 is injected to such an extent that the ceramic balls 12 and 13 are embedded, the vibrating table 20 is operated before the solidifying material 14 is hardened, and the protective plate 10 is vibrated together with the forming jig 21 to solidify the solidifying material. 14 is removed (S5).
When the solidified material 14 is cured, the protective plate 10 is removed from the molding jig 21 (S6), and the holding shield 16 is covered and bonded to the protective plate 10 (S7).
Thus, in this embodiment, since the base material layer 11 and the ceramic layer 15 are laminated and manufactured in a planar shape, the ceramic balls 12 and 13 can be easily arranged, and the protective plate 10 can be easily manufactured. it can. Further, by injecting the solidified material 14 and then degassing it, it is possible to manufacture the protective plate 10 having a high holding force of the ceramic sphere.

It is a perspective view of the protection board which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the protection board which concerns on Example 1 shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of ceramic balls of the protection plate according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the protection board which concerns on this Example 1. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows 1 process of the manufacturing method of a guard plate. It is explanatory drawing which shows the protective effect of the protection board which concerns on the present Example 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing of the conventional armor plate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Guard plate 11 Base material layer 12 Main ceramic ball 13 Auxiliary ceramic ball 14 Solidification material 15 Ceramic layer 16 Holding shield 20 Shaking table 21 Molding jig

Claims (5)

In the protective body formed of a multilayer structure consisting of different members,
A protective body in which a base material layer made of a flat fiber-reinforced composite material is arranged as a back material, and a ceramic layer is formed as a surface material on the base material layer,
The ceramic layer includes a first ceramic layer in which a plurality of main ceramic spheres are planarly arranged adjacent to each other, and the main ceramic sphere is filled with a gap between the main ceramic spheres on one side of the first ceramic layer. A second ceramic layer in which a plurality of auxiliary ceramic spheres having a diameter smaller than that of the ceramic sphere are arranged; and a structure in which the main ceramic is fixed to the base material layer by an elastic solidifying material filled in the ceramic layer. A protective body characterized in that the sphere has silicon nitride as a main component and the auxiliary ceramic sphere has alumina as a main component. At least the ceramic layer surface, guards according to claim 1, characterized in that it is coated with a woven-like body or a mesh body formed of reinforcing fibers of the guards. The exposed surface of the base layer side, guards according to claim 1, characterized in that arranged inside layer made of a metal member or alloy member having a tenacity. In a method of manufacturing a protective body formed of a multilayer structure composed of different members,
A base material layer made of a flat fiber reinforced composite material is arranged as a back surface material, and a plurality of silicon nitrides as a main component are formed on the base material layer in accordance with a forming jig installed together with the base material layer. As the main ceramic spheres are arranged and the gap between the adjacent main ceramic spheres is filled, auxiliary ceramic spheres having a smaller diameter than the main ceramic spheres and mainly composed of alumina are arranged and fluidized in the forming jig. After injecting and filling the solidified material, before the solidified material is cured, vibration is applied to the solidified material to remove bubbles inside the solidified material, and after the solidified material is cured, the protective body is demolded from the molding jig. The manufacturing method of the protector characterized by the above-mentioned. 5. The method of manufacturing a protective body according to claim 4, wherein at least the surface of the protective body removed from the forming jig is coated with a woven or net-like body formed of reinforcing fibers. .

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