JP4363630B2 - Slow-release fertilizer with VA mycorrhizal fungi - Google Patents
Slow-release fertilizer with VA mycorrhizal fungi Download PDFInfo
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- JP4363630B2 JP4363630B2 JP2003374188A JP2003374188A JP4363630B2 JP 4363630 B2 JP4363630 B2 JP 4363630B2 JP 2003374188 A JP2003374188 A JP 2003374188A JP 2003374188 A JP2003374188 A JP 2003374188A JP 4363630 B2 JP4363630 B2 JP 4363630B2
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本発明は、農業や園芸の分野での苗生産に有効な育苗培地用ＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料に関する。 The present invention relates to a slow-acting fertilizer containing VA mycorrhizal fungi for seedling culture media that is effective for seedling production in the fields of agriculture and horticulture.
ポット苗を生産する場合、育苗培地は、造粒した粒状培土や、保水力や保肥力の優れたピートモス、透水性や通気性のよいバーミキュライト（特許文献１）、更に、養分源として肥料を配合したもの（特許文献２）が、一般的に使用されている。 When producing pot seedlings, the seedling medium contains granulated granular soil, peat moss with excellent water and fertilizer, vermiculite with good water permeability and air permeability (Patent Document 1), and fertilizer as a nutrient source The one (Patent Document 2) is generally used.
しかしながら、従来の育苗培地に使用される肥料だけでは、植物に養分が均一に与えられず、ポット間の苗の生育速度に不均一性が生じ、苗の地上部の製品規格に適合する時期にタイムラグが発生し、効率良く製品を出荷することができず、生産性が上がらないなどの問題がある。
本発明は、このような従来の育苗培地用の肥料がもつ欠点を克服するため、ポット間の苗の生育速度を均一にすることを目的としたものである。 The present invention aims to make the growth rate of the seedlings between pots uniform in order to overcome the disadvantages of such conventional fertilizers for seedling culture media.
本発明者らは、鋭意検討の結果、従来の育苗培地用に使用する肥料に変えて育苗培地に用いるＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料を使用することで、その目的に適合することを見出し、本発明に至った。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that a slow-acting fertilizer containing VA mycorrhizal fungi used for a seedling culture medium is used instead of the conventional fertilizer used for the seedling culture medium, and that the purpose is met. The present invention has been reached.
すなわち、本発明は、育苗培地用ＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料において、ＶＡ菌根菌がギガスポラ属に属し、緩効性肥料が燐酸マグネシウムアンモニウム（ＭｇＮＨ 4 ＰＯ 4 ・Ｈ 2 Ｏ）と、燐酸マグネシウムカリウム（ＭｇＫＰＯ 4 ・Ｈ 2 Ｏ）を主組成とする肥料であり、かつＶＡ菌根菌と緩効性肥料の重量割合で、ＶＡ菌根菌：緩効性肥料＝１０〜９０：９０〜１０とすることを特徴とするＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料を提供するものである。 That is, the present invention provides a VA mycorrhizae containing slow release fertilizer for raising seedlings medium, VA mycorrhizal fungi belong to Gigasupora genus, slow-release fertilizer is a magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH 4 PO 4 · H 2 O), Fertilizer mainly composed of magnesium potassium phosphate (MgKPO 4 · H 2 O), and in a weight ratio of VA mycorrhizal fungus and slow-acting fertilizer, VA mycorrhizal fungus: slow-acting fertilizer = 10 to 90:90 The present invention provides a slow-acting fertilizer containing VA mycorrhizal fungi, characterized in that it is 10 to 10.
本発明のＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料を育苗用元肥としてポット苗大量生産に使用すると、ポット間の生育速度の均一性が高まることで、ポット苗出荷時の苗地上部の大きさが揃い（不良株が少なくなり）、農業及び園芸用の苗生産性の向上に適している。例えば、セルポットでのパンジーの苗の生育試験では、ＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料を施用することで、ポット間の生長速度のバラツキが小さくなり、ポット苗製品出荷時の良株率（苗の地上部株幅の一定基準を満たす率）が高くなるという顕著な効果が認められた。 When the slow-acting fertilizer containing VA mycorrhizal fungi according to the present invention is used as a seed fertilizer for raising seedlings for mass production of pot seedlings, the uniformity of the growth rate between pots is increased, so that the size of the seedling above-ground part at the time of pot seedling shipment is increased. It is suitable for improving seedling productivity for agriculture and horticulture. For example, in the growth test of pansy seedlings in cell pots, by applying a slow-release fertilizer containing VA mycorrhizal fungi, the variation in the growth rate between pots is reduced, and the percentage of good stocks at the time of pot seedling product shipment (seedlings) A remarkable effect was observed in that the rate of satisfying a certain standard of the above-ground stock width was increased.
本発明の育苗培地用ＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料は、その配合割合が、重量割合で、ＶＡ菌根菌：緩効性肥料＝１０〜９０：９０〜１０からなり、より好ましくは、３０〜７０：７０〜３０からなる。しかしながら、育苗培地に混合する場合、ＶＡ菌根菌が１０％より少ない場合、ＶＡ菌根菌の効果にバラツキが見られ好ましくなく、混合割合を多くする必要がある。またＶＡ菌根菌が９０％より多い場合、逆に肥料分が少なくなることで、ポット間の生育のバラツキが見られ好ましくない。 The slow-acting fertilizer containing VA mycorrhizal fungi for the seedling culture medium of the present invention is composed of VA mycorrhizal fungi: slow-acting fertilizer = 10-90: 90-10, more preferably, by weight. 30-70: It consists of 70-30. However, when mixed in a seedling culture medium, if the amount of VA mycorrhizal fungi is less than 10%, the effect of VA mycorrhizal fungus is not preferable, and it is necessary to increase the mixing ratio. On the other hand, when the amount of VA mycorrhizal fungi is more than 90%, the fertilizer content is reduced, which is not preferable because variation in growth between pots is observed.
次に、ＶＡ菌根菌の働きについて説明する。ＶＡ菌根菌は、菌糸が植物の細胞内に入る内生菌で、植物の根の中に住み、根の外に張り巡らした菌糸を通じて、リン酸分の吸収促進等の働き、植物の生育の助長、病原抵抗性の付与および植物の水分保持の補助的働き等の機能を有する。また植物からは、菌の生育に必要な栄養分を得る共生微生物である。 Next, the function of VA mycorrhizal fungi will be described. VA mycorrhizal fungi are endophytic fungi that enter the cells of the plant, live in the roots of the plant, work to promote absorption of phosphate, etc. through the mycelium that stretches outside the roots, and the growth of the plant It has functions such as promotion of plant resistance, imparting resistance to pathogens, and assisting in water retention of plants. Moreover, it is a symbiotic microorganism that obtains nutrients necessary for the growth of fungi from plants.
このことから、ＶＡ菌根菌入り緩効性肥料をポット苗等の育苗に施用した場合、施用２〜３週間で共生が成立した後、植物が必要とする養分を植物根の数十から数百倍に張り巡らした菌糸を通じて肥料から養分を与え続ける。この様な、ＶＡ菌根菌の働きを活用し、植物根への養分供給を円滑に促進することで、従来の育苗培地用がもつ欠点を克服し、ポット間の苗の生育速度が均一にすることが達成できた。 From this, when the slow-acting fertilizer containing VA mycorrhizal fungi is applied to seedlings such as pot seedlings, after the symbiosis is established within 2 to 3 weeks of application, the nutrients required by the plant are several tens to several Continue to feed nutrients from the fertilizer through mycelium stretched 100 times. By utilizing the functions of VA mycorrhizal fungi and smoothly promoting the supply of nutrients to the plant roots, it overcomes the disadvantages of conventional seedling culture media and ensures uniform growth of seedlings between pots. Was able to achieve.
ここで使用可能なＶＡ菌根菌は、ギガスポラ属（Ｇｉｇａｓｐｏｒａ ｓｐ．）であることを特徴とする。 The VA mycorrhizal fungus that can be used here is Gigaspora sp .
また、使用可能な緩効性肥料としては、難溶性肥料および被覆肥料等の一般的な緩効性肥料が使用できる。しかしながら、肥料成分の流亡による河川や動植物への環境汚染及び資源の有効利用等を考慮すると、緩効性窒素肥料、緩効性燐酸肥料である燐酸マグネシウムアンモニウム（ＭｇＮＨ4ＰＯ4・Ｈ2Ｏ）、緩効性加里肥料である燐酸マグネシウムカリウム（ＭｇＫＰＯ4・Ｈ2Ｏ）等を主組成とする肥料が望ましい。当該肥料は植物の生長に合わせて溶けるので、肥料成分の流亡が極めて少なく、河川や動植物への環境汚染防止及び資源保全面で好適である。 Moreover, as a slow release fertilizer which can be used, general slow release fertilizers, such as a hardly soluble fertilizer and a covering fertilizer, can be used. However, considering environmental pollution to rivers and animals and plants due to the loss of fertilizer components and effective use of resources, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release phosphate fertilizer magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH 4 PO 4 · H 2 O) Further, a fertilizer mainly composed of magnesium potassium phosphate (MgKPO 4 · H 2 O), which is a slow-release potassium fertilizer, is desirable. Since the fertilizer dissolves in accordance with the growth of the plant, the fertilizer component is very little lost, and is suitable for environmental pollution prevention to rivers and animals and plants and for resource conservation.
以下に、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、係る実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
実施例９〜１３、比較例１〜６
参考例１〜５、比較例１〜４は、１２８穴プラグトレー（２２ｍｌ／穴）に、参考例６〜８、実施例９〜１３、比較例５〜６は、２８８穴プラグトレー（９ｍｌ／穴）に、各々供試土壌と供試肥料の混合培土を充填する。これに供試植物の種子各１粒を播種し、室温にて栽培試験を実施した。試験条件を表１、表２に示し、またその結果を表３に示した。ここで使用する緩効性肥料のマグァンプＫ（（株）ハイポネックスジャパンの製品）は、燐酸マグネシウムアンモニウム（ＭｇＮＨ4ＰＯ4・Ｈ2Ｏ）と燐酸マグネシウムカリウム（ＭｇＫＰＯ4・Ｈ2Ｏ）の固溶化したもので、肥料組成６(Ｎ)−４０(Ｐ)−６(Ｋ)−１５(Ｍｇ)である。また、供試土壌は、バーミキュライト、調整ピートモスを容量比１：１の混合品であり、メトロミックス３５０（（株）ハイポネックスジャパンの製品）は、カナダ産スパグナムピートモス３４〜４５％、バーミキュライト４０〜４５％、バークアッシュ１２〜１８％の構成からなるものである。ＶＡ菌根菌は、ギガスポラ属、グロムス属であり、ゼオライトの土壌改良材の細粒品で調整した。良株率とは、地上部（葉）の大きさが、一定の規格値を満たしているか否かで判断するもので、その判断基準は、表３中に示した。
Example 9-13, Comparative Examples 1-6
Reference Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are 128 hole plug trays (22 ml / hole), Reference Examples 6 to 8, Examples 9 to 13 and Comparative Examples 5 to 6 are 288 hole plug trays (9 ml / hole). Each hole is filled with mixed soil of test soil and test fertilizer. One seed each of the test plant was sown on this, and a cultivation test was conducted at room temperature. The test conditions are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and the results are shown in Table 3. The slow-acting fertilizer Magamp K (product of Hyponex Japan Co., Ltd.) is a solution of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNH 4 PO 4 · H 2 O) and potassium potassium phosphate (MgKPO 4 · H 2 O). The fertilizer composition is 6 (N) -40 (P) -6 (K) -15 (Mg). The test soil is a mixed product of vermiculite and adjusted peat moss in a volume ratio of 1: 1, and Metromix 350 (product of Hyponex Japan Co., Ltd.) is 34% to 45% Canadian spagnam peat moss, vermiculite 40 It consists of ~ 45% and bark ash 12-18%. VA mycorrhizal fungi are genus Gigaspora and Glomus, and were prepared with fine particles of zeolite soil conditioner. The good stock rate is determined based on whether or not the size of the above-ground part (leaves) satisfies a certain standard value, and the determination criteria are shown in Table 3.
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