JP4358560B2 - Tool turning device for tool post - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a tool turning device mounted on a tool post of a machine tool, and relates to an apparatus for converting the direction of a tool mounted on the tool post.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in a lathe, a turning tool and a rotary tool mounted on a general tool post cannot change the direction with respect to the workpiece, and therefore, it is not possible to process a slope or an oblique hole at an arbitrary angle on the workpiece. Therefore, there is provided a compound lathe provided with a turning device for changing the direction of the tool on the tool post so that the machining that has been conventionally performed in the machining center can be performed on the lathe.
[0003]
In machine tools, it is necessary to increase the support rigidity of a tool in order to enable high-precision heavy cutting. Three-piece type surface gear joints are widely used in machine tools as machine elements that realize high-accuracy and high-rigidity fixation at the index rotation position for each predetermined angle. A three-piece type surface gear joint has a swivel gear fixed to a swivel base and a fixed gear fixed to the fixed base facing the same direction in the same plane perpendicular to the swivel axis. By moving the fitting / removing gear back and forth, the tool mounted on the swivel base can be freely swung through the swivel gear, and thus the swivel base and the tool base to which the swivel gear is fixed. At the index position where the tooth traces coincide with the gear, the fitting / removing gear is advanced to engage with the fixed and swivel gear so that the swivel gear, and thus the swivel position of the tool can be fixed with high accuracy with reference to the fixed gear. It is a thing.
[0004]
In the tool turning device that fixes the index position of the tool with the above three-piece type surface gear joint, it is not necessary to move the turning table in the axial direction unlike the two-piece type surface gear joint. A worm gear having high rigidity and a self-holding function is used as a rotational force transmission mechanism that can be axially supported by the slewing bearing in the thrust and radial directions and that rotates the slewing base.
[0005]
The fixing of the tool using the surface gear joint is fixing at an indexing position in units of the pitch angle of the teeth of the surface gear joint, that is, a jumping position. Most machining can be performed with the tool fixed at the index position, but machining with the tool fixed at an intermediate position or machining while turning the tool is required. In some cases. Therefore, in order to realize such processing, in addition to the fixing means at the indexing position as described above, a tool turning device provided with a pressure member using a frictional force for fixing the turntable at a free position. Is also provided (for example, Patent Document 1). The pressure-fixing member for fixing the free position is normally pressed against the swivel base or brake disc with hydraulic pressure. When machining while turning the tool, the reduced pressure is applied to the swivel base. The tool can be machined in a state where a rotational load is applied to the tool to increase the dynamic support rigidity of the tool.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-52441
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to the improvement of the tool turning device as described above, and improves the position system of the tool when the tool is fixed at a free position, facilitates the processing performed while turning the tool, and is compact. It is an object to obtain a tool turning device for a tool post that can increase static and dynamic tool support rigidity.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The tool swivel device for the tool post according to the first aspect of the present invention that solves the above-described problem is fixed to the fixed base 11 and the swivel base 14, respectively, and the tooth placement surface is on the same plane orthogonal to the swivel axis of the swivel base. A face gear provided with a fixed gear 18 and a swivel gear 20 arranged in the same direction with respect to each other, and an engagement / disengagement gear 23 which is simultaneously fitted to and disengaged from the fixed gear and the swivel gear by hydraulic pressure acting on an integral fitting / removing piston 24 In a tool turning device for a tool post in which the indexing position of the turntable 14 is fixed by a joint 17, a cross roller bearing 13 that pivotally supports the turntable 14 and a pressure piston 35 that faces the fitting / removing piston 24 are integrated. The pressing member 36 includes an indexing position at which the turning gear 14 is fitted and the fitting / removing gear 23 to press the swivel 14 in the direction in which the fitting / removing gear 23 is detached. The swivel 14 in the free position It is characterized in that the fixing.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is the tool turning device according to claim 1, wherein the radial arrangement roller group 40 mounted on the turntable 14 and the rollers in the roller group supported by the tool rest base 9 are supported. Is provided with a screw cam 41 that is sandwiched between cam surfaces facing each other.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing an example of a tool post provided with a rotating tool rest, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a tool turning device.
[0011]
In FIG. 1, 50 is a lathe bed, 51 is a Z-axis guide rail provided on the bed 50 in parallel with the main shaft 52, 53 is a Z-axis slide mounted on the Z-axis guide rail 51, and 54 is a Z-axis slide. The provided Y-axis guide rail, 55 is a Y-axis slide mounted on the Y-axis guide rail 54, 56 is an X-axis (tool cutting direction) guide rail provided on the Y-axis slide, and 1 is an X-axis guide rail 56 It is a tool post attached to. 2 is a tool table provided with a turret indexing mechanism and a rotary tool driving mechanism, 3 is a turret mounted on the tool table 2, 4 is a tool mounted on the turret 3, and the tool table 2 is connected via a tool turning device 8. Is mounted on the tool post 1.
[0012]
In FIG. 2 which shows the cross section of the tool turning device 8, 9 is a tool post base provided with a cylindrical recess 10, and 11 is a fixed base which is erected by being fixed to the center of the recess 10 via a seat 12. , 13 is a cross roller bearing mounted on the inner peripheral surface of the recess 10, and 14 is a cylindrical swivel supported by the cross roller bearing 13. The tool shown in FIG. The base 2 is fixed.
[0013]
Upward stepped portions 15 and 16 are formed on the outer periphery of the fixed base 11 and the inner periphery of the swivel base 14, and the fixed gear 18 of the surface gear joint 17 is fixed to the upward stepped portion 15 of the fixed base 11 with bolts 19. The swivel gear 20 is fixed to the upward step portion 16 of the swivel base 14 with a bolt 22 via a spacer 21. The spacer 21 is interposed in order to adjust the tooth arrangement surface of the fixed gear 18 and the swivel gear 20 to the same height.
[0014]
An engagement / disengagement gear 23 that opposes the fixed gear 18 and the swivel gear 20 and is fitted to both of them simultaneously is inserted into the fixed base 11 so as to be movable in the axial direction. The fitting / removing gear 23 is integrally provided with a fitting / removing piston 24 on its inner peripheral surface. The fitting / removing piston 24 is inserted between a second upward step portion 25 formed on the upper portion of the fixing base 11 and a head member 26 fixed to the top of the fixing base 11 with a bolt (not shown). A fitting-side oil chamber 27 and a detachment-side oil chamber 28 are formed above and below. 29, 30 and 31, 32 are seals for liquid sealing.
[0015]
Two lower downward step portions 33 and 34 are formed at the lower portion of the fixed base 11, and a ring-shaped pressure member that integrally includes a pressure piston 35 so as to fit into the two step portions. It is mated. A retraction side oil chamber 37 and an urging side oil chamber 38 are formed above and below the pressure piston 35. An upward stepped portion 39 is formed on the outer periphery of the pressing member 36, and this stepped portion is pressed against the bottom surface of the swivel base 14 when it moves upward. The pressure piston 35 has a pressure receiving area that is approximately one-half that of the fitting / removing piston 24.
[0016]
A plurality of cam rollers 40 are arranged radially on the lower outer periphery of the swivel base 14 at intervals that equally divide the circumference. On the other hand, the tool base 9 is supported by a screw cam 41 that intersects the pivot axis at right angles, and two cam surfaces in a direction opposite to the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of the screw cam 41 are adjacent to each other, or One is in contact with two adjacent cam rollers simultaneously. Therefore, the swivel base 14 is positioned in the swivel direction by the two cam surfaces facing the screw cam 41, the swivel angle of the swivel base 14 is defined with high accuracy, and the screw cam 41 rotates. Thus, the swivel base 14 performs a highly accurate turning operation.
[0017]
Note that two downward recesses 42 formed on the lower surface of the tool post 1 in FIG. 2 are fitting portions of the X-axis guide rail 56 that guide the tool post 1 in the X-axis direction, and are circular. The recess 43 is a fitting portion of a ball nut that is screwed with the feed screw of the tool post 1.
[0018]
In the above configuration, when the swivel base 14 is swung, the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the detachment side oil chamber 28 and the retreat side oil chamber 37 to disengage the fitting / removing gear 23 upward and to move the pressure member 36 downward. Thus, the pressure applied to the swivel base 14 is released. In this state, the swivel base 14 is in a free rotating state supported by the cross roller bearing 13, so that the swivel base 14 is swung to a desired angle by rotating the screw cam 41 with the servo motor 44 shown in FIG. 1. To do.
[0019]
If the fixing position is the indexing position, the swivel base 14 is swung to the position, and then the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the fitting-side oil chamber 27 and the biasing-side oil chamber 38 so that the fitting / removing gear 23 is fixed to the fixing gear 18. In addition, the swivel gear 14 is engaged with the swivel gear 14, and the swivel base 14 is urged by the upward step portion 39 of the pressure member to prevent the swivel base 14 from being slightly shifted downward by the fitting force of the fitting / removing gear 23. . Since the pressure receiving area of the pressure piston 35 is approximately one half of the pressure receiving area of the fitting / removing piston 24, the fitting force of the fitting / removing gear 23 is equally distributed to the fixed gear 18 and the turning gear 20. .
[0020]
When the desired turning position of the swivel base 14 is different from the indexing position, the urging-side oil chamber 38 is kept in a state where the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the separation-side oil chamber 28, that is, with the fitting / removing gear 23 removed. Supply hydraulic pressure to In this state, the swivel base 14 is sandwiched between the cross roller bearing 13 and the pressure member 36, and the swivel position is fixed. Since the swivel base 14 is positioned at an accurate swivel position by the contact between the screw cam 41 and the cam roller 40, the swivel base 14 is accurately held at a desired angular position by the fixing. In order to withstand the axial force of the pressing member 36 at this time, the swivel base 14 is pivotally supported by a cross roller bearing having a high axial load strength.
[0021]
When machining while turning the tool, the screw cam 41 is rotated by supplying a reduced hydraulic pressure to the urging side oil chamber 38. In this state, a rotational load due to being sandwiched between the cross roller bearing 13 and the pressure member 36 acts on the swivel base 14, and a swivel motion at an accurate angle due to the rotation of the screw cam 41 is maintained. Accurate tool turning with high rigidity can be performed.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention described above, in the tool turning device mounted on the tool post of the machine tool, it is possible to position the tool at an accurate and highly rigid indexing position by the surface gear joint, and at other than the indexing position. There is an effect that the tool can be fixed at a free position with high accuracy, and smooth and accurate machining can be performed while turning the tool.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing an example of a tool post equipped with a tool turning device. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a tool turning device.
9 Turret base
11 Fixed base
13 Cross roller bearing
14 swivel
17 face gear coupling
18 Fixed gear
20 Swivel gear
24 Engaging / disengaging piston
25 Second upward step
35 Pressure piston
36 Pressure member
40 Cam roller
41 Screw cam

Claims (2)

The fixed gear (18) and the swivel gear (fixed to the fixed base (11) and the swivel base (14), respectively, with the tooth placement surface facing the same direction on the same plane perpendicular to the swivel axis of the swivel base ( 20) and a face gear joint (17) provided with a fitting / removing gear (23) that simultaneously engages / disengages with the fixed gear and the turning gear with hydraulic pressure acting on the integral fitting / removing piston (24). In the tool turning device of the tool post for fixing the indexing position of), a cross roller bearing (13) pivotally supporting the turntable (14), and a pressure piston (35) facing the fitting / removing piston (24) And a pressing member (36) integrally provided.The pressing member presses the swivel base (14) in the direction of detachment of the fitting / removing gear (23), and the fitting / removing gear (23) is fitted. A tool swivel device for a tool post, characterized in that the swivel base (14) is fixed at a free position where the indexing position and the fitting / removing gear (23) are separated. A radial array roller group (40) mounted on the swivel base (14), and a screw cam (41) supported by a cam surface in a direction facing the rollers in the roller group supported by the tool base (9). The tool turning device according to claim 1, further comprising:

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