JP4351008B2 - Uninterruptible power system - Google Patents

Uninterruptible power system Download PDF

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JP4351008B2
JP4351008B2 JP2003320930A JP2003320930A JP4351008B2 JP 4351008 B2 JP4351008 B2 JP 4351008B2 JP 2003320930 A JP2003320930 A JP 2003320930A JP 2003320930 A JP2003320930 A JP 2003320930A JP 4351008 B2 JP4351008 B2 JP 4351008B2
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voltage
power supply
series
transformer
converter
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久 藤本
誠 谷津
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、入力商用電源が変動した場合でも、負荷に安定した電源を供給する無停電電源装置に関するもので、詳しくは無停電電源装置の損失低減のための技術に関わる。   The present invention relates to an uninterruptible power supply that supplies stable power to a load even when an input commercial power supply fluctuates, and more particularly to a technique for reducing loss of the uninterruptible power supply.

図5に従来の回路例として直並列補償形の三相変換装置を示す。図5の回路では、交流入力端子11と交流出力端子12の間の交流母線にトランス1の2次巻線が直列に接続され、このトランス1の1次巻線には、半導体ブリッジからなる第1のDC/AC変換器2(以下、直列INVという)の交流側端子がスイッチングによる高調波成分を除去するフィルタ3を介して接続されている。この直列INV2と直流部を共通とする、半導体ブリッジからなる第2のDC/AC変換器4(以下、並列INVという)の交流側端子はスイッチングによる高調波成分を除去するフィルタ5を介して交流出力端子に接続されている。また、直列INV2と並列INV4の共通の直流部には、蓄電池6が接続されている。   FIG. 5 shows a series-parallel compensation type three-phase converter as a conventional circuit example. In the circuit of FIG. 5, the secondary winding of the transformer 1 is connected in series to the AC bus between the AC input terminal 11 and the AC output terminal 12, and the primary winding of the transformer 1 is a second circuit comprising a semiconductor bridge. An AC side terminal of one DC / AC converter 2 (hereinafter referred to as series INV) is connected via a filter 3 that removes harmonic components caused by switching. The AC side terminal of the second DC / AC converter 4 (hereinafter referred to as a parallel INV) composed of a semiconductor bridge having a direct current portion in common with the series INV2 is connected to the AC via a filter 5 that removes harmonic components due to switching. Connected to the output terminal. Further, a storage battery 6 is connected to a common direct current portion of the series INV2 and the parallel INV4.

このような回路構成において、交流入力端子に接続される入力商用電源7の電源電圧が変動した時、直列INV2を制御してトランス1の2次側電圧の調節を行い、入力商用電源の変動分をこのトランスの2次側電圧で補償し、交流出力端子に安定した電圧を供給することが可能になる。この時、入力商用電源7の変動が目標電圧に対して電圧低下状態と判断されれば、トランス1は電圧加算で負荷電流を流すため電力を注入することになり、その電力加算のためのエネルギーは、並列INV4をコンバータ動作(整流器動作)させることにより交流母線から供給される。逆に入力商用電源7の変動が電圧上昇状態と判断されれば、トランス1は電圧減算で負荷電流を流すため電力を吸収することになり、その吸収されたエネルギーは、並列INV4をインバータ動作させることにより交流母線に回生される。このときの各部の電圧波形を図6に示す。   In such a circuit configuration, when the power supply voltage of the input commercial power supply 7 connected to the AC input terminal fluctuates, the secondary voltage of the transformer 1 is adjusted by controlling the series INV2, and the fluctuation of the input commercial power supply Is compensated by the secondary voltage of the transformer, and a stable voltage can be supplied to the AC output terminal. At this time, if it is determined that the fluctuation of the input commercial power supply 7 is a voltage drop state with respect to the target voltage, the transformer 1 injects electric power to flow a load current by voltage addition, and energy for the electric power addition. Is supplied from the AC bus by causing the parallel INV4 to perform a converter operation (rectifier operation). On the other hand, if it is determined that the fluctuation of the input commercial power supply 7 is in a voltage rising state, the transformer 1 absorbs power because the load current flows by voltage subtraction, and the absorbed energy causes the parallel INV 4 to operate as an inverter. It is regenerated to the AC bus. The voltage waveform of each part at this time is shown in FIG.

また、入力商用電源が停電した場合は、入力側ACSW8を開放することにより商用電源7を交流母線から切り離し、蓄電池6の直流電力を並列INV4で交流に変換して負荷9に安定した電力を供給する事ができる。このような無停電電源装置の詳細動作については、特許文献1や特許文献2等に開示されている。   In addition, when the input commercial power supply fails, the input side ACSW 8 is opened to disconnect the commercial power supply 7 from the AC bus, and the DC power of the storage battery 6 is converted to AC by the parallel INV 4 to supply stable power to the load 9. I can do it. Detailed operation of such an uninterruptible power supply is disclosed in Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 2, and the like.

ここで近年上記のような無停電電源装置においては、装置効率の向上が大きな課題となってきている。図5に示す従来回路において、直列INV2は入力商用電源7の電圧が目標値から逸脱した場合に目標値との差分を補償する動作を行うが、入力電圧が目標値近傍の場合には、補償分はほぼゼロとなる。しかしながら直列INV2にはトランス1を介して入力電流が流れるため例え補償電圧がゼロだとしても、直列INV2の半導体ブリッジで通流損失やスイッチング損失が発生することになり、結果変換効率が低下する。   Here, in recent years, in the uninterruptible power supply as described above, improvement in apparatus efficiency has become a major issue. In the conventional circuit shown in FIG. 5, the series INV2 performs an operation of compensating for the difference from the target value when the voltage of the input commercial power supply 7 deviates from the target value. However, when the input voltage is near the target value, the compensation is performed. Minutes are almost zero. However, since an input current flows to the series INV2 via the transformer 1, even if the compensation voltage is zero, a conduction loss and a switching loss are generated in the semiconductor bridge of the series INV2, resulting in a decrease in conversion efficiency.

このような場合を考慮し、入力商用電源電圧の変動が小さい電圧領域に限り、直列INV2による電圧補償を行わないようにすべく、直列補償部をバイパスする回路を別途備えるようにしたものも考えられている(特許文献3参照)。
米国特許第4651265号明細書 特許第3390007号明細書 特開2000−184622号公報
Considering such a case, it is also considered that a circuit for bypassing the series compensator is separately provided so that voltage compensation by the series INV2 is not performed only in the voltage region where the fluctuation of the input commercial power supply voltage is small. (See Patent Document 3).
US Pat. No. 4,651,265 Japanese Patent No. 3390007 JP 2000-184622 A

しかし、変換効率を向上させる目的で特許文献3のように別途バイパス回路を備えることは、回路装置全体としての大型化に繋がり、ひいてはコストも大きくなるという問題があった。   However, the provision of a separate bypass circuit as in Patent Document 3 for the purpose of improving the conversion efficiency leads to an increase in the size of the circuit device as a whole, which in turn increases the cost.

このような問題を鑑みて本発明では、入力商用電源と交流出力間の交流母線に接続される直列補償トランス2次巻線と、この直列補償トランスの1次巻線に交流出力が接続された第1のDC/AC変換器と、この第1のDC/AC変換器と直流部を共通とし、交流出力が前記交流母線に接続された第2のDC/AC変換器と、前記直列補償トランスの1次側を短絡するための交流スイッチと、を備えてなる無停電電源装置において、
前記入力商用電源の電圧が所定の範囲外にあるときは、前記第1のDC/AC変換器により直列補償トランスに発生する電圧を調整し、
前記入力商用電源の電圧が所定の範囲内にあるときは、前記交流スイッチを点弧させて前記直列補償トランスの1次側を短絡させるようにする。
In view of such problems, in the present invention, a series compensation transformer secondary winding connected to an AC bus between an input commercial power supply and an AC output, and an AC output is connected to the primary winding of the series compensation transformer. A first DC / AC converter, a second DC / AC converter having a direct current section common to the first DC / AC converter and an AC output connected to the AC bus, and the series compensation transformer. An uninterruptible power supply comprising an AC switch for short-circuiting the primary side of
When the voltage of the input commercial power supply is outside a predetermined range, the voltage generated in the series compensation transformer by the first DC / AC converter is adjusted,
When the voltage of the input commercial power source is within a predetermined range, the AC switch is ignited to short-circuit the primary side of the series compensation transformer.

本発明によれば、入力商用電源電圧が所定の範囲にある場合に直列補償トランスを無電圧化して、その間変換器を停止することができるので、変換器通流損が減じられる。さらに、変換器故障時の保護を目的としてトランス1次側に設置したトランス短絡用交流スイッチを使用するため、変換効率を上げるだけでなく、変換器故障時の保護を目的とした機能を兼用させることができ、装置の大型化及びコスト増を回避できる。   According to the present invention, when the input commercial power supply voltage is in a predetermined range, the series compensation transformer can be made non-voltage and the converter can be stopped during that time, so that the converter flow loss is reduced. In addition, because the transformer short-circuit AC switch installed on the primary side of the transformer is used for protection in the event of converter failure, it not only increases the conversion efficiency but also has a function for protection in the event of converter failure. And increase in the size and cost of the apparatus can be avoided.

本発明では、補償トランスの直列INV側に備えられた変換器保護用スイッチを使用し、入力商用電源電圧がさほど変動しない領域でオンさせることにより、直列INVを停止させて変換器効率を改良する。   In the present invention, the converter protection switch provided on the series INV side of the compensation transformer is used and turned on in a region where the input commercial power supply voltage does not vary so much that the series INV is stopped to improve the converter efficiency. .

図1は本発明の実施回路を示したものである。本実施形態では直列補償トランス1の1次巻線に短絡用交流スイッチ(短絡用ACSW10)が備えられているが、ここで、この短絡用交流スイッチは、変換器が故障した時の保護を目的として備えられた既存のものを使用する。ここで、まず変換器保護用の交流スイッチをトランス1次側に備える技術的意義について述べる。   FIG. 1 shows an implementation circuit of the present invention. In this embodiment, the primary winding of the series compensation transformer 1 is provided with a short-circuit AC switch (short-circuit ACSW 10). Here, the short-circuit AC switch is used for protection when the converter fails. Use the existing one provided as. Here, the technical significance of providing an AC switch for protecting the converter on the primary side of the transformer will be described first.

例えば直列INVや並列INVが故障した場合、トランス1の2次側を短絡して無電圧
化し、故障した変換器によるトランス1次側への高圧印加を回避する必要が生じる。この
ときトランス1の1次側へは高圧電圧が発生する一方、トランス1次側に流れる電流は2次電流に対し巻数比だけ逆に小さくなる。このため、短絡用交流スイッチは耐流の小さくてすむ1次側に備える方が好ましいのである。通常、直列INVによる補償電圧はおよそ
+15%〜−15%であり、そのため巻き数比は1次側100に対し2次側15、という
ように1次側が大きくなるので、1次側に流れる電流は2次側に対しこの巻き数比分小さ
い。

For example, when a series INV or parallel INV fails, the secondary side of the transformer 1 is short-circuited to make no voltage, and it is necessary to avoid applying a high voltage to the transformer primary side by the failed converter. At this time, a high voltage is generated on the primary side of the transformer 1, while the current flowing on the primary side of the transformer becomes smaller than the secondary current by a turn ratio. For this reason, it is preferable that the short-circuit AC switch is provided on the primary side which has a small current resistance. Normally, the compensation voltage due to the series INV is approximately + 15% to −15%, and therefore the winding ratio is larger on the primary side, such as the secondary side 15 with respect to the primary side 100, so that the current flowing in the primary side Is smaller than the secondary side by the turn ratio.

次に図2にて入力商用電源7の電圧状態に対する短絡用交流スイッチ(ACSW10)の動作及び直列INV2の動作を示す。入力商用電源7の電圧が目標電圧値−n1(V)以下であれば短絡用ACSW10をOFF(開放)し、直列INV2は目標電圧に対して不足した電圧をトランス2次側に発生するよう制御する。また入力商用電源7の電圧が目標電圧値+n2(V)以上であれば短絡用ACSW10をOFF(開放)し、直列INV2は目標電圧に対して過剰となる電圧をトランス2次側で減じるよう制御する。一方、入力商用電源電圧が目標電圧値−1n(V)〜目標電圧値+n2(V)の範囲にある場合には、短絡用ACSW10をON(短絡)するとともに、直列INV2は停止(ゲートOFF)してトランス2次側に発生する電圧をゼロにする。ここでn1あるいはn2の値は要求される出力電圧変動範囲によって適宜設定する。   Next, FIG. 2 shows the operation of the shorting AC switch (ACSW10) and the operation of the series INV2 with respect to the voltage state of the input commercial power supply 7. If the voltage of the input commercial power supply 7 is equal to or lower than the target voltage value −n1 (V), the short-circuit ACSW 10 is turned OFF (opened), and the series INV2 is controlled to generate a voltage that is insufficient with respect to the target voltage on the transformer secondary side. To do. If the voltage of the input commercial power supply 7 is equal to or higher than the target voltage value + n2 (V), the short-circuit ACSW 10 is turned off (opened), and the series INV2 is controlled so as to reduce an excessive voltage with respect to the target voltage on the transformer secondary side. To do. On the other hand, when the input commercial power supply voltage is in the range of the target voltage value −1n (V) to the target voltage value + n2 (V), the short-circuit ACSW 10 is turned ON (short circuit) and the series INV2 is stopped (gate OFF). Thus, the voltage generated on the secondary side of the transformer is made zero. Here, the value of n1 or n2 is appropriately set according to the required output voltage fluctuation range.

以上の動作を行うことにより出力電圧は図2の実線に示すごとく、入力商用電源7の電圧が所定の範囲を逸脱した場合には出力電圧が目標値になり、また入力商用電源電圧が所定の範囲内にあるときは出力電圧=入力商用電源電圧(無補償)となる。そして、無補償範囲では直列INVが停止しているため半導体ブリッジ回路の損失は無く、発生損失はトランス1次巻線の短絡による銅損および短絡用交流スイッチの通流損のみとなる。   By performing the above operation, the output voltage becomes the target value when the voltage of the input commercial power supply 7 deviates from a predetermined range, as shown by the solid line in FIG. When it is within the range, output voltage = input commercial power supply voltage (no compensation). Since the series INV is stopped in the non-compensation range, there is no loss of the semiconductor bridge circuit, and the generated loss is only the copper loss due to the short circuit of the transformer primary winding and the conduction loss of the short-circuit AC switch.

図3は図1の実施形態を、3相変換器の例として示した回路図である。トランス1次側に各相毎に巻かれた各巻線にそれぞれ短絡用交流スイッチ(ACSW10)が備えられている。動作については図1と同様である。   FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the embodiment of FIG. 1 as an example of a three-phase converter. A short-circuit AC switch (ACSW10) is provided in each winding wound for each phase on the primary side of the transformer. The operation is the same as in FIG.

図4は直列補償トランス1の入力商用電源側に並列INV4を接続した場合の実施形態を示した図である。図1で示した実施例とは、入力商用電源から負荷への方向に対し直列INVと並列INVの接続関係が逆になっている以外はすべて同じであり、そのときの制御及び奏される効果も図1に示した実施形態と同じである。   FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment in which a parallel INV 4 is connected to the input commercial power supply side of the series compensation transformer 1. The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except that the connection relationship between the series INV and the parallel INV is reversed with respect to the direction from the input commercial power source to the load. This is also the same as the embodiment shown in FIG.

第1の実施形態を示した図である。It is the figure which showed 1st Embodiment. 第1の実施形態の補償動作波形図である。It is a compensation operation | movement waveform diagram of 1st Embodiment. 第2の実施形態を示した図である。It is the figure which showed 2nd Embodiment. 第3の実施形態を示した図である。It is the figure which showed 3rd Embodiment. 従来の実施形態を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the conventional embodiment. 従来の実施形態の各部動作波形図である。It is an operation waveform diagram of each part of the conventional embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 直列補償トランス
2 直列INV
3 高周波除去フィルタ
4 並列INV
5 高周波除去フィルタ
6 蓄電池
7 交流入力電源
8 入力SW
9 負荷
10 短絡用ACSW
11 交流入力端子
12 交流出力端子
1 Series compensation transformer 2 Series INV
3 High frequency rejection filter 4 Parallel INV
5 High frequency rejection filter 6 Storage battery 7 AC input power supply 8 Input SW
9 Load 10 Short-circuit ACSW
11 AC input terminal 12 AC output terminal

Claims (1)

入力商用電源と交流出力間の交流母線に接続される直列補償トランス2次巻線と、この直列補償トランスの1次巻線に交流出力が接続された第1のDC/AC変換器と、この第1のDC/AC変換器と直流部を共通とし、交流出力が前記交流母線に接続された第2のDC/AC変換器と、前記直列補償トランスの1次側を短絡するための交流スイッチと、を備えてなる無停電電源装置において、
前記入力商用電源の電圧が所定の範囲外にあるときは、前記第1のDC/AC変換器により直列補償トランスに発生する電圧を調整し、
前記入力商用電源の電圧が所定の範囲内にあるときは、前記交流スイッチを点弧させて前記直列補償トランスの1次側を短絡させることを特徴とする無停電電源装置。
A series compensation transformer secondary winding connected to the AC bus between the input commercial power supply and the AC output; a first DC / AC converter having an AC output connected to the primary winding of the series compensation transformer; An AC switch for short-circuiting a primary side of the series compensation transformer, and a second DC / AC converter having a DC unit in common with the first DC / AC converter and having an AC output connected to the AC bus. In an uninterruptible power supply comprising:
When the voltage of the input commercial power supply is outside a predetermined range, the voltage generated in the series compensation transformer by the first DC / AC converter is adjusted,
When the voltage of the said input commercial power supply is in a predetermined range, the AC switch is ignited and the primary side of the series compensation transformer is short-circuited.
JP2003320930A 2003-09-12 2003-09-12 Uninterruptible power system Expired - Lifetime JP4351008B2 (en)

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CN100375363C (en) * 2006-04-07 2008-03-12 北京四方清能电气电子有限公司 Apparatus for providing current loop for serial compensation equipment
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JP2017169362A (en) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 富士電機株式会社 Voltage controller
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JP2018157703A (en) * 2017-03-17 2018-10-04 株式会社東芝 Voltage compensator
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