JP4343919B2 - Machining center - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining center having an angular attachment.

  Conventionally, an angular attachment provided in a machining center is used for angle head machining such as side machining, inner machining, or inclined machining of a workpiece.

In Patent Document 1, a casing mounted on a spindle head of a machining center, a power shaft positioned on an extension line of the main shaft, a tool rotating shaft that intersects the power shaft, and a power transmission mechanism that connects the power shaft to the tool rotating shaft. Angular attachments are shown.
JP-A-6-55395

  However, it took a lot of time and effort to attach and detach the angular attachment. In addition, since the tool attached to the angular attachment is facing a different direction from the tool attached to the spindle head, it is difficult to automatically change the angular attachment tool with an automatic tool changer for the spindle head. Met.

  An object of this invention is to provide the machining center which can attach or detach an angular attachment automatically from a spindle head. It is another object of the present invention to provide a machining center that can automatically change a tool attached to an angular attachment with an automatic tool changer used for a spindle head.

  Examples of the solving means of the present invention are as follows.

(1) The spindle head (12), the angular attachment (14) attached to the spindle head (12), the moving mechanism (16) for moving the angular attachment (14), and the spindle head (12) An automatic tool changer (24) for automatically changing the attached tool ;
The automatic tool changer (24) used for the spindle head (12) is angular when the tool attached to the angular attachment (14) faces a different direction from the tool attached to the spindle head (12). In order to automatically change the tool attached to the attachment (14), the moving mechanism (16) moves the angular attachment (14) parallel to the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12). A first drive unit (18) and a second drive unit for turning the angular attachment (14) around an axis (20d) in a direction perpendicular to the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12) An angular attachment (14) having (20) and attached to the spindle head (12) is moved in parallel with the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12) and the spindle head Axis of 12) (12b) with respect swirled about the vertical direction of the axis (20d), characterized in that it automatically detachable angular attachment (14) from the spindle head (12) Machining center.

(2) The spindle head (12) has an angular attachment (14) and a first attachment hole (12a) for selectively attaching a tool, and the angular attachment (14) is a second attachment for attaching a tool. There is a hole (14a), the first mounting hole (12a) and the second mounting hole (14a) are configured with the same taper shape, and the automatic tool changer (24) is in the first mounting hole (12a). The above-mentioned machining center characterized in that the attached tool and the tool attached to the second attachment hole (14a) are exchanged.

(3) The automatic tool changer (24) includes an arm (24a) capable of parallel movement and advance / retreat with respect to the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12), and an axis (24f) of the arm (24a). When the tool of the angular attachment (14) is changed, the machining axis (14b) of the angular attachment (14) is the axis of the spindle head (12). (12b) The machining center described above, which is located in a plane including the axis (24f) of the arm (24a).

(4) The moving mechanism (16) further includes a third drive unit (22), the third drive unit (22) includes a turning mechanism (22b), and the turning mechanism (22b) includes an angular attachment. (14) The machining center described above, wherein the center is turned around the axis of the main shaft (12b).

According to the first and second aspects of the invention, the angular attachment can be automatically attached and detached by the moving mechanism, and the tool of the angular attachment can be automatically changed by the automatic tool changer for the spindle head. Can be shortened.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, the tool of the angular attachment can be changed without changing the configuration of the automatic tool changer for the spindle head, and automation of the change can be achieved at a low cost. Further, since the machining axis of the angular attachment is located in a plane including the axis of the spindle head and the axis of the arm, the tool can be changed at the shortest distance.

  The machining center according to the best mode of the present invention includes a spindle head, an angular attachment attached to the spindle head, and a moving mechanism for moving the angular attachment. The moving mechanism has a first drive unit for moving the angular attachment parallel to the axis of the spindle head, and a first drive unit for rotating the angular attachment about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the spindle head. It has 2 driving parts. The angular attachment is automatically moved from the spindle head by moving the angular attachment attached to the spindle head parallel to the spindle head axis and swiveling around the axis perpendicular to the spindle head axis. It is configured to be attached and detached.

  The moving mechanism is preferably configured integrally with the spindle head, but the present invention includes a configuration in which the moving mechanism is separated from the spindle head. In this case, the structure of the present invention can be obtained by attaching a moving mechanism to the existing spindle head.

  Preferably, the machining center according to the present invention has an automatic tool changer for automatically changing a tool attached to the spindle head, and the spindle head has a first attachment for selectively attaching the angular attachment and the tool. The angular attachment has a second mounting hole for mounting the tool, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are configured with the same taper shape, and the automatic tool changer has the first mounting The tool attached to the hole and the tool attached to the second attachment hole are exchanged.

  The tool is generally attached to the first attachment hole or the second attachment hole via a tool holder. Although it is preferable that the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are arranged at the same position to perform the tool change, the present invention arranges the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole at different positions, and sets the automatic tool changer to them. In this case, the tool is changed to a different position.

  Preferably, the machining center according to the present invention has an automatic tool changer for automatically changing a tool attached to the spindle head. An automatic tool changer has an arm that can move parallel to the spindle head and move back and forth toward the spindle head, and a claw that can pivot about the axis of the arm. When changing the tool of the angular attachment, the processing axis of the angular attachment is positioned in a plane including the axis of the spindle head and the axis of the arm.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a main part of a machining center according to the present invention. Note that the columns and tables of the machining center are not shown. FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the angular attachment.

  The machining center 10 has a spindle head 12. The spindle head 12 is set to a column. A spindle (not shown) is driven to rotate inside the spindle head 12. A first taper hole 12 a is provided in the lower portion of the spindle head 12. The first tapered hole 12a is a typical example of the first mounting hole in the present invention. An angular attachment 14 (described later) and a tool (or a tapered tool holder containing the tool) are selectively attached to the first tapered hole 12a.

  An angular attachment 14 is attached below the spindle head 12. The angular attachment 14 has the 2nd taper hole 14a for attaching a tool to the lower part side. The second tapered hole 14a is a typical example of the second mounting hole in the present invention. The first tapered hole 12a of the spindle head 12 and the second tapered hole 14a of the angular attachment have the same tapered shape. The same tool (or the same tool holder) can be attached to the first taper hole 12a and the second taper hole 14a.

  The machining center 10 has a moving mechanism 16 for moving the angular attachment 14. The moving mechanism 16 is attached to the side surface of the spindle head 12.

The moving mechanism 16 has a first drive unit 18. The first drive unit 18 is for moving the angular attachment 14 in parallel with the axis 12b of the spindle head 12. The first drive unit 18 is connected to the first motor 18a and the first motor 18a. It has a feed screw 18b. The first motor 18a is controlled by a control device (not shown). The first motor 18a is fixed to the spindle head 12 via a fixing portion 18c. A nut 18d is engaged with the lower portion of the feed screw 18b. The nut 18d is fixed to the elevating part 18e. The elevating unit 18e incorporates a worm 20b, a worm wheel 20c, and the like of the second drive unit 20 described later. The side surface of the elevating part 18e slides on a rail 18f provided on the spindle head 12. When the first motor 18a is driven, the elevating part 18e moves in parallel to the axis 12b of the spindle head 12 (up and down in the illustrated example).

The moving mechanism 16 further includes a second drive unit 20. The second drive unit 20 is for turning the angular attachment 14 around an axis 20 d in a direction perpendicular to the axis 12 b of the spindle head 12.

The second drive unit 20 includes a second motor 20a, a worm 20b connected to the second motor 20a, and a worm wheel 20c that engages with the worm 20b. The second motor 20a is controlled by a control device (not shown). The second motor 20a is fixed to the elevating part 18e. An arm 20e extending in the lateral direction is fixed to the worm wheel 20c. An angular attachment 14 is attached to the arm 20e. An engagement device 20f is built in the vicinity of the angular attachment 14 of the arm 20e. The angular attachment 14 is fixed (or engaged) to the spindle head 12 via the arm 20e by the engagement device 20f. An arbitrary method can be used for the engagement device 20f. When the second motor 20a is driven, the arm 20e turns around an axis 20d in a direction perpendicular to the axis 12b of the spindle head 12. That is, when the second motor 20a is driven, the angular attachment 14 rotates in the plane about the axis 12b of the spindle head 12 and the axis 24f of the arm 24a of the automatic tool changer 24 described later.

  The moving mechanism 16 further includes a third drive unit 22. The third drive unit 22 includes a third motor 22a and a turning mechanism 22b that is driven by the third motor 22a. The third motor 22a is controlled by a control device (not shown). The turning mechanism 22b can turn the angular attachment 14 around the axis 12b of the spindle head 12 every 90 ° by the third motor 22a.

The machining center 10 has an automatic tool changer 24. The automatic tool changer 24 can automatically change a tool attached to the spindle head 12.

The automatic tool changer 24 has an arm 24a and a pair of claws 24b provided on the upper part of the arm 24a. The automatic tool changer 24 is connected to a control device (not shown). The arm 24 a can move in parallel with respect to the axis 12 b of the spindle head 12 and can move forward and backward toward the spindle head 12. The claw 24b can turn around the axis 24f of the arm 24a. A tool holder (not shown) is attached to the claw 24b. When the tool of the angular attachment 14 is changed, the machining axis 14b of the angular attachment 14 is positioned in a plane including the axis 12b of the spindle head 12 and the axis 24f of the arm 24a.

  Next, an example of the operation of the moving mechanism will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing an example of a state in which an angular attachment is attached to the spindle head of the machining center. The position of the angular attachment in FIG. 3 corresponds to the position of the angular attachment shown by A in FIG.

  First, the engagement device 20f and the tool clamp device (not shown) of the spindle head 12 shown in FIG. 1 are loosened from the state shown in FIG. This operation can also be performed automatically. The 1st motor 18a of the 1st drive part 18 is driven, and the angular attachment 14 is moved below. In this way, the angular attachment 14 is extracted from the spindle head 12.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view showing an example of a state where the angular attachment is extracted from the spindle head.

  Next, the 2nd motor 20a of the 2nd drive part 20 is driven, and the angular attachment 14 is rotated 90 degrees. FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing a state where the angular attachment is turned 90 ° from the state shown in FIG. The position of the angular attachment shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to the position of the angular attachment shown by B in FIG.

Next, the first motor 18a of the first drive unit 18 is driven so that the second taper hole 14a of the angular attachment 14 and the first taper hole 12a of the spindle head 12 have the same height. The regular attachment 14 is lifted. FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing a state where the angular attachment is lifted. The position of the angular attachment in FIG. 6 corresponds to the position of the angular attachment indicated by C in FIG. The tool (not shown) of the angular attachment 14 is changed using the automatic tool changer 24. The replacement procedure will be described in detail later.

After exchanging the tool using the automatic tool changer 24, the angular attachment 14 is returned from the state of FIG. 6 in the order of FIG. 5, FIG. 4, and FIG.

An example of the operation of the automatic tool changer will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of the operation of the automatic tool changer . The position of the angular attachment in FIG. 7 corresponds to the position of the angular attachment indicated by C in FIG. 1, and is the Y-axis and Z-axis origin position (arrow a).

  From the state shown in FIG. 7, the arm 24a is advanced toward the spindle head 12 (arrow b).

In this way, the claw 24b on the upper side of the arm 24a is disposed immediately below the angular attachment 14.

  The tool holder (not shown) is unclamped from the spindle (not shown) of the angular attachment 14 (arrow c). Thus, the tool holder is placed on the claw 24b.

  The arm 24a is lowered (arrow d). In this way, the tool holder is extracted from the angular attachment 14.

  The claw 24b is turned (arrow e). In this way, the new tool holder 24c is arranged directly under the angular attachment 14.

  The arm 24b is raised (arrow f). Thus, a new tool holder 24c is inserted into the angular attachment 14.

  A new tool holder 24c is clamped to the spindle of the angular attachment 14 (arrow g).

The arm 24a is retracted toward the magazine 24d of the automatic tool changer 24 (arrow h). Thereafter, the arm 24a is lowered (arrow i), retracted (arrow j), raised (k), moved forward (m), and the pawl 24b is turned (n) to attach the used tool holder to the magazine 24d. The next tool holder 24e is prepared.

In addition, when exchanging the tool attached to the spindle head 12, the spindle head 12 is moved to the Y-axis and Z-axis origin positions indicated by arrows a, and the tool is moved by the automatic tool changer 24 in the same manner as described above. Exchange. At this time, the angular attachment 14 is retracted upward. This evacuation procedure will be described in detail later.

  The operation of preparing the next tool holder 24e on the claw 24b will be described.

  First, the next tool holder 24e is prepared by turning the magazine 24d.

  The arm 24a is moved backward to place the next tool holder 24e on the claw 24b.

  Thereafter, the arm 24a is lowered, moved forward and raised, and the next tool holder 24e is arranged at the position shown in FIG.

  The magazine 24d is turned so that the spindle tool (or tool holder) number matches the magazine 24d number.

  With reference to FIG.8 and FIG.9, an example of the operation | movement which retracts an angular attachment is demonstrated. The tool is preferably removed from the angular attachment 14 in advance.

  When retracting the angular attachment 14, first, the first motor 18 a of the first drive unit 18 is driven to raise the angular attachment 14 to the state shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a schematic side view showing a state where the angular attachment is pulled up. The position of the angular attachment in FIG. 8 corresponds to the position of the angular attachment indicated by D in FIG.

The 2nd motor 20a of the 2nd drive part 20 is driven, and the angular attachment 14 is further rotated 90 degrees. FIG. 9 is a schematic side view showing a state where the angular attachment is retracted. Even the spindle head 12 and the moving mechanism 16 moves toward the automatic tool changer 24 in this state, do not interfere with the automatic tool changer 24. In this manner, the angular attachment 14 is retracted so that the spindle head 12 and the drive mechanism 16 do not interfere with the automatic tool changer 24. In this way, the spindle head 12 is moved to the Y-axis and Z-axis origin positions indicated by arrows a in FIG. 7, thereby avoiding interference between the spindle head 12, the drive mechanism 16, and the automatic tool changer 24. Tool exchange can be performed.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. The moving mechanism and the automatic tool changer can employ various configurations within the scope of the present invention.

It is a schematic side view which shows the principal part of the machining center of this invention. It is a general | schematic fragmentary sectional view which shows the angular attachment vicinity. It is a schematic side view which shows an example in the state where the angular attachment was attached to the spindle head of the machining center. It is a schematic side view which shows an example of the state which extracted the angular attachment from the spindle head. It is a schematic side view which shows the state which rotated the angular attachment 90 degrees from the state of FIG. It is a schematic side view which shows the state which lifted the angular attachment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating an example of operation | movement of an automatic tool changer . It is a schematic side view which shows the state which pulled up the angular attachment. It is a schematic side view which shows the state which retracted the angular attachment.

10 machining center 12 spindle head 12a first taper hole (first mounting hole)
12b, 20d, 24f Axle 14 Angular attachment 14a Second taper hole (second mounting hole)
16 moving mechanism 18 first drive portion 18a first motor 18b feed screw 18c fixing portion 18d nut 18e lifting / lowering portion 18f rail 20 second drive portion 20a second motor 20b worm 20c worm wheel 20e, 24a arm 20f engagement device 22 third drive Part 22a third motor 22b turning mechanism 24 automatic tool changer 24b claw 24c new tool holder 24d magazine 24e next tool holder

Claims (4)

A spindle head (12), an angular attachment (14) attached to the spindle head (12), a moving mechanism (16) for moving the angular attachment (14), and a spindle head (12) An automatic tool changer (24) for automatically changing tools ,
The automatic tool changer (24) used for the spindle head (12) is angular when the tool attached to the angular attachment (14) faces a different direction from the tool attached to the spindle head (12). In order to automatically change the tool attached to the attachment (14), the moving mechanism (16) moves the angular attachment (14) parallel to the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12). A first drive unit (18) and a second drive unit for turning the angular attachment (14) around an axis (20d) in a direction perpendicular to the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12) An angular attachment (14) having (20) and attached to the spindle head (12) is moved in parallel with the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12) and the spindle head Axis of 12) (12b) with respect swirled about the vertical direction of the axis (20d), characterized in that it automatically detachable angular attachment (14) from the spindle head (12) Machining center. The spindle head (12) has an angular attachment (14) and a first attachment hole (12a) for selectively attaching a tool, and the angular attachment (14) has a second attachment hole (14a) for attaching a tool. ), The first mounting hole (12a) and the second mounting hole (14a) have the same tapered shape, and the automatic tool changer (24) is mounted in the first mounting hole (12a). The machining center according to claim 1, wherein the tool and the tool attached to the second attachment hole (14a) are exchanged.   An automatic tool changer (24) includes an arm (24a) capable of parallel movement relative to the axis (12b) of the spindle head (12) and advancing and retreating toward the spindle head (12), and an axis of the arm (24a) When the tool of the angular attachment (14) is changed, the machining axis (14b) of the angular attachment (14) is connected to the spindle head (24b). The machining center according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the machining center is located in a plane including the axis (12b) of 12) and the axis (24f) of the arm (24a). The moving mechanism (16) further includes a third drive unit (22), the third drive unit (22) includes a turning mechanism (22b), and the turning mechanism (22b) includes an angular attachment (14). The machining center according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shaft is swung around the axis of the main shaft (12b).

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