JP4340190B2 - Unburned carbon separator and separation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a separation method for separating unburned carbon contained in coal ash.
Specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus and a separation method for separating unburned carbon contained in coal ash generated in, for example, a boiler of a coal-fired thermal power plant.

For example, coal ash generated in boilers of coal-fired thermal power plants contains about 20% or more of unburned carbon, and it has been studied to separate and recover this unburned carbon and use it as an energy source. Conventionally, various proposals have been made.
For example, the electrostatic countercurrent belt type separation device is disclosed in column 0013 of JP-A-2003-126732.
This separation device uses a surfaceless contact to electrostatically charge coal ash particles introduced into the gap between the electrodes while circulating and moving a perforated endless belt through the electrodes arranged in a vertical direction with a gap. The unburned carbon is separated by force.
However, since the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-126732 is in contact with the coal ash particles while circulating the endless belt, the belt is worn out and needs to be replaced once a month. There was a problem that the maintenance cost was high.

Similarly, columns 0104 to 105 of JP-A-2003-126732 disclose cyclone-type separation devices.
This separation device is composed of a cylindrical conical casing and a classification blade that rotates at a high speed inside the casing, and the coal ash charged from the upper charging port has a centrifugal force and an air flow toward the inside of the classification blade. The unburned carbon is classified by the difference in the particle size in balance with the drag.
However, this method also has a drive part and causes a problem of wear. Furthermore, since it is a classification method using the difference in particle size, it does not actively separate unburned carbon, and according to the experiments by the present inventors, it achieves a separation efficiency with a carbon concentration of 34% or more. Was difficult in principle.
JP 2003-126732 A

  The present invention solves the problems of the prior art as described above, and can reduce the energy cost by efficiently recovering the unburned carbon, and further, coal ash from which unburned carbon is separated and removed, for example, concrete It is an object of the present invention to provide an unburned carbon separation device and a separation method that can be reused as a secondary raw material.

The present invention has been made as a result of intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an ultrasonic wave comprising a sieve mesh that is positively charged by applying a voltage and a vibration frame that vibrates the sieve mesh. Energy costs are reduced by efficiently collecting unburned carbon by providing a sieve and a positively charged plate electrode and an electrostatic precipitator equipped with a negatively charged rod or plate electrode. In addition, coal ash from which unburned carbon has been separated and removed can be reused as, for example, a secondary material for concrete, and an unburned carbon separation device and a separation method are provided. Is the following content as described in the claims.
(1) An apparatus for separating unburned carbon contained in coal ash, an ultrasonic sieve having a sieve mesh that is positively charged by applying a voltage and a vibration frame that vibrates the sieve mesh, and a voltage And an electrostatic precipitator equipped with an electrode charged positively by applying an unburned carbon separator.
(2) The unburned carbon separator according to (1), wherein the electrode forms a curved path or a curved path.
(3) The unburned carbon separator according to (1) or (2), further comprising a mesh electrode filter that is positively charged by applying a voltage.
(4) The unburned carbon separator according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein an insulator is inserted into a vibrator that vibrates the vibration frame.
(5) An unburned carbon separation method using the unburned carbon separation device according to (1) or (2), wherein unburned carbon contained in the coal ash by passing the coal ash through the sieve mesh. A method for separating unburned carbon, wherein carbon is charged positively and polarization is generated on the surface of a mineral other than carbon, whereby only the mineral is captured by the electrode.
(6) An unburned carbon separation method using the unburned carbon separator according to (3) or (4), wherein the coal ash is passed through the mesh electrode filter, so that the non-burned carbon and carbon other than carbon A method for separating unburned carbon, wherein the mineral is separated from the mineral and only the mineral is captured by the mesh electrode filter.

The present invention has been made as a result of intensive studies in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an ultrasonic wave comprising a sieve mesh that is positively charged by applying a voltage and a vibration frame that vibrates the sieve mesh. Reduce energy costs by efficiently collecting unburned carbon by providing a sieve and an electrostatic precipitator equipped with a positively charged plate electrode and a negatively charged rod electrode. In addition, coal ash from which unburned carbon is separated and removed can be reused, for example, as a secondary raw material for concrete. It is the following contents as described in the claims.
(1) An apparatus for separating the unburned carbon contained in coal ash, the ultrasonic sieve and a vibration frame for vibrating the sieve screen and sieve network has been positively charged by applying a voltage, the An electrostatic precipitator having an electrode that is installed after the ultrasonic sieve and is positively charged by applying a voltage, and a mesh electrode filter that is installed after the electrostatic precipitator and is positively charged by applying a voltage. An unburned carbon separator.
(2) The unburned carbon separator according to (1), wherein the electrode forms a curved path or a curved path.
(3) The unburned carbon separator according to (1) or (2), wherein an insulator is inserted into a vibrator that vibrates the vibration frame.
(4) An unburned carbon separation method using the unburned carbon separator according to (1) or (2), wherein unburned carbon contained in the coal ash by passing the coal ash through the sieve mesh. A method for separating unburned carbon, wherein carbon is charged positively and polarization is generated on the surface of a mineral other than carbon, whereby only the mineral is captured by the electrode.
(5) An unburned carbon separation method using the unburned carbon separator according to any one of (1) to (3) , wherein the unburned carbon is obtained by passing the coal ash through the mesh electrode filter. And separating minerals other than carbon and capturing only the minerals in the mesh electrode filter.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the unburned carbon separation device of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a plan view seen from above, and FIG. 2 shows a side view.
1 and 2, 1 is an ultrasonic sieve, 2 is an electrostatic precipitator, 3 is a mesh electrode filter, 4 is a cyclone, 5 is a sieve mesh, 6 is a vibrating frame, 7 is a rod electrode, 8 is a plate electrode, 9 is A vibrator is shown.

First, coal ash containing about 20% or more of unburned carbon generated in a boiler of a coal-fired thermal power plant is passed (contacted) through the ultrasonic sieve 1.
The ultrasonic sieve 1 is provided with a sieve mesh 5 that is positively charged by applying a voltage and a vibration frame 6 that vibrates the sieve mesh 5. In addition, the sieve screen 5 vibrates slightly to disperse the condensed coal ash and to positively charge the unburned carbon.
In the present invention, the opening and vibration frequency of the ultrasonic sieve 1 are not limited, but in order to efficiently disperse coal ash having a small particle size, the opening is preferably 200 μm or less and the vibration frequency is preferably about 20 kHz.
Next, the dispersed coal ash is introduced into an electric dust collector 2 having a plate electrode 8 that is positively charged by applying a voltage and a bar electrode 7 that is negatively charged.
The positively charged unburned carbon repels the positively charged plate electrode 8 and passes through the electrostatic precipitator 2. However, since the surface of the mineral other than the unburned carbon is polarized, only the mineral is positively charged. The plate electrode 8 is sucked and captured.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism by which unburned carbon is separated according to the present invention.
Since unburned carbon (C) contained in coal ash is a highly conductive substance (good conductor), moving electrons (negative charges) in the good conductor leak through the grounded mesh screen 5 when in contact with the screen mesh 5. As shown in FIG. 3, positive charges dominate the surface.
The positively charged unburned carbon (C) passes through the electrostatic precipitator 2 by repelling the positively charged plate electrode 8.
On the other hand, minerals other than unburned carbon (C) are substances (insulators) that are extremely difficult to conduct electricity, so negative charges do not leak instantaneously, resulting in positive and negative charges on the insulator surface. The existing polarization occurs and is attracted and captured by the plate electrode 8 as shown in FIG.
In addition, some of the minerals are attracted to and bonded to the unburned carbon (C) that has already been positively charged after passing through the sieve mesh 5, and thus pass through the electrostatic precipitator 2 without being captured by the plate electrode 8.
Therefore, in order to further increase the separation efficiency of unburned carbon (C), it is preferable to further provide a mesh electrode filter 3 that is positively charged by applying a voltage.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a mechanism by which unburned carbon (C) is separated by the mesh electrode filter 3.
The mineral combined with the unburned carbon (C) that has passed through the electrostatic precipitator 2 is separated from the unburned carbon (C) when passing through the positively charged mesh electrode filter 3 in contact with the mesh electrode filter 3. The unburned carbon (C) that has been sucked in, captured, and separated is positively charged and repels and passes through the positively charged mesh electrode filter 3.
In this invention, although the mesh opening of this mesh electrode filter 3 is not ask | required, in order to make the pressure loss at the time of coal ash pass, this mesh opening has preferable 2-3 mm.
The unburned carbon (C) thus separated can be further separated from the air by the cyclone 4 and recovered as carbon powder, and can be used as an energy source.
The mineral from which unburned carbon has been removed can be reused as, for example, a secondary material for concrete.
In addition, although the applied voltage of the ultrasonic sieve, electrostatic precipitator, and mesh electrode filter used for this invention is not ask | required, in order to improve the separation efficiency of unburned carbon (C), 1 KV-50 KV are preferable.

FIG. 5 is a detailed view showing an attachment state of a vibrator that vibrates a vibration frame used in the present invention.
In FIG. 5, 6 is a vibration frame, 9 is a vibrator, and 10 is an insulator.
When a high voltage is applied to the vibrator 9 that vibrates the vibration frame 6, a current path may be generated between the ultrasonic sieve DC power supply and the vibrator DC power supply, and the power supply may be damaged.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, by inserting an insulator 10 in the center of the vibrator 9, the current path between the ultrasonic sieve DC power supply and the vibrator DC power supply can be interrupted. Can prevent damage to the power supply.
The type of insulator is not limited, but it is preferable to use ceramics from the viewpoint of strength and withstand voltage.

6 to 8 are diagrams showing an embodiment in which the electrode of the electrostatic precipitator used in the present invention is formed in a U-shape, and a curved path is formed. FIG. 6 is a plan view, FIG. 7 is a side view, and FIG. It is a schematic diagram of an electrode.
6 to 8, 1 is an ultrasonic sieve, 2 is an electrostatic precipitator, 4 is a cyclone, 5 is a sieve mesh, 6 is a vibrating frame, 9 is a vibrator, and 11 is a square electrode.
As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, a bent path is formed by forming a plurality of dog-shaped electrodes 11 obtained by bending the electrodes installed in the electrostatic precipitator 2, and positive electrodes (+) and negative electrodes (−) are formed. Place them alternately.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the movement of coal ash and carbon inside the cross-shaped electrode.
As shown in FIG. 8, the carbon foil repels the electrode and is collected through the electrode, but the coal ash collides with the electrode surface when passing between the bent electrodes. Therefore, the carbon separation and recovery rate can be improved.
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the electrode is formed in a U shape to form a curved path. However, since carbon ash and carbon only have to collide with the electrode, the curved path is formed in an S shape, for example. Even if it is made, the same effect is obtained.

In addition, as the coal ash trapped on the electrode accumulates, the carbon separation effect occurs, so by providing the vibrators 9, 9 'and the simple knocker 12 as shown in FIG. It is preferable to remove the captured coal ash by applying ultrasonic vibrations or single vibrations.
Specifically, when there are three or more electrodes, it is very difficult to apply vibration to the intermediate electrode, so that the single vibration by the ultrasonic vibrator 9 and the simple knocker 12 is shown in FIG. It is preferable to implement in combination with.
Furthermore, when there are two electrodes, as shown in FIG. 11, it is preferable to provide an ultrasonic transducer 9 'on the side surface of the U-shaped electrode and apply ultrasonic vibration from both sides.
However, when the ultrasonic vibrator shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is attached, it is preferable to take insulation measures by inserting an insulator into the vibrator.

＜実験条件２＞ The unburned carbon separation device and separation method of the present invention were carried out under the following conditions.
<Experimental condition 1>
・ Coal ash particle size: 10-150μm
・ Opening of ultrasonic sieve: 80μm
・ Frequency of ultrasonic sieve: 20KHz
・ Applied voltage of ultrasonic sieve: 10KV
・ Void electrode voltage: 18KV
・ Cuff of electrode: 35mm
Table 1 shows the results of a single vibration confirmation experiment using ultrasonic vibration and a simple knocker for three electrodes under the above experimental conditions.
As an experimental method, 100 g was introduced from the ultrasonic sieving portion, and evaluation was performed by measuring the amount collected on the sieving, electrode adhesion, under the electrode, and cyclone. As a result, it was found that 28 g was attached to the electrode by ultrasonic vibration alone, and the removal effect was insufficient, and that removal was possible by applying a single vibration by a simple knocker.
Similarly, an experiment was conducted in which ultrasonic vibration was applied from both sides in the case of two electrodes under the above experimental conditions. In this case, it can be understood that it can be removed almost only by ultrasonic vibration.

<Experimental condition 2>

-Coal ash particle size: 10-150 μm
・ Opening of ultrasonic sieve: 80μm
・ Frequency of ultrasonic sieve: 20 kHz
・ Applied voltage of ultrasonic sieve, electrostatic precipitator, mesh electrode filter: 4.7KV
・ Size of electrostatic precipitator: L300mm × W300mm × H200mm
-Mesh electrode filter opening: 2 mm
Table 3 shows the results obtained under the above implementation conditions.
In Table 3, coal ash (raw powder) represents coal ash before carrying out the present invention, and contained 24% unburned carbon.
Invention Example 1 is a result of separating unburned carbon using an ultrasonic vibration net and an electric dust collector, and carbon (C) in the powder after separation could be increased to 43.2%.
Invention Example 2 is the result of separating unburned carbon using an ultrasonic vibration net, an electrostatic precipitator, and a net electrode filter, and the carbon (C) in the powder after separation is increased to 55.7%. In addition, Example 3 of the present invention is a result of using a square electrode in the electric dust collector, and the carbon (C) in the powder after separation reached 73%.

It is a top view which illustrates an embodiment of an unburned carbon separation device of the present invention. It is a side view which illustrates embodiment of the unburned carbon separation apparatus of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the mechanism by which unburned carbon is isolate | separated by this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining the mechanism by which unburned carbon (C) is isolate | separated by the mesh electrode filter 3. FIG. It is detail drawing which shows the attachment condition of the vibrator which vibrates the vibration frame used for this invention. It is a top view which shows embodiment which made the electrode of the electrostatic precipitator used for this invention the character. It is a side view which shows embodiment which made the electrode of the electrostatic precipitator used for this invention the character. It is a schematic diagram which shows the movement of the coal ash and carbon inside a square-shaped electrode. FIG. 5 is a layout view of an ultrasonic transducer and a simple knocker installed on a square electrode. It is a schematic diagram of a vibration device in the case of three cross-shaped electrodes. It is a schematic diagram of a vibration device in the case of two cross-shaped electrodes.

Explanation of symbols

1 ultrasonic sieve,
2 Electric dust collector,
3 mesh electrode filter,
4 Cyclone,
5 sieve mesh,
6 Vibration frame,
7 Rod electrode,
8 Plate electrode 9 Oscillator 10 Insulator 11 U-shaped electrode 12 Simple knocker 13 Oscillator mount

Claims (5)

An apparatus for separating the unburned carbon contained in coal ash, the ultrasonic sieve and a vibration frame for vibrating the sieve screen and sieve network has been positively charged by applying a voltage, the ultrasonic sieve An electrostatic precipitator having a positively charged electrode installed at a subsequent stage, and a mesh electrode filter installed at a subsequent stage of the electrostatic precipitator and charged positively by applying a voltage. An unburned carbon separator.   2. The unburned carbon separation device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode forms a curved path or a curved path.   The unburned carbon separation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an insulator is inserted into a vibrator that vibrates the vibration frame.   An unburned carbon separation method using the unburned carbon separation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the unburned carbon contained in the coal ash is added by passing the coal ash through the sieve mesh. A method for separating unburned carbon, wherein only the mineral is captured by the electrode by charging the surface of the mineral and generating polarization on the surface of the mineral other than carbon. It is an unburned carbon separation method using the unburned carbon separation apparatus in any one of Claims 1-3, Comprising: By passing the coal ash through the mesh electrode filter, minerals other than the unburned carbon and carbon And separating only the minerals into the mesh electrode filter to separate the unburned carbon.

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