JP4333658B2 - Power circuit - Google Patents

Power circuit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4333658B2
JP4333658B2 JP2005284743A JP2005284743A JP4333658B2 JP 4333658 B2 JP4333658 B2 JP 4333658B2 JP 2005284743 A JP2005284743 A JP 2005284743A JP 2005284743 A JP2005284743 A JP 2005284743A JP 4333658 B2 JP4333658 B2 JP 4333658B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
output
voltage
power
conversion element
thermoelectric conversion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2005284743A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2007097335A (en
Inventor
敬久 橘
満 馬場
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yamaha Corp
Original Assignee
Yamaha Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yamaha Corp filed Critical Yamaha Corp
Priority to JP2005284743A priority Critical patent/JP4333658B2/en
Publication of JP2007097335A publication Critical patent/JP2007097335A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4333658B2 publication Critical patent/JP4333658B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

この発明は、熱電変換素子と二次電池を組み合わせた電源回路に関し、特に熱電変換素子の駆動効率を向上した技術に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a power supply circuit in which a thermoelectric conversion element and a secondary battery are combined, and particularly relates to a technique for improving the driving efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion element.

一般に熱電変換素子を用いて発電し、外部に電源として供給する電源回路がある。熱電変換素子は、発電能力が外部の温度環境等に依存する不安定要素を有し、しかも立ち上がりの際、素子内部に熱が伝導して温度が安定するまでの過渡期間、十分な発電能力を得られないといった過渡的な不安定要素もある。   In general, there is a power supply circuit that generates power using a thermoelectric conversion element and supplies the power as an external power source. The thermoelectric conversion element has unstable elements whose power generation capacity depends on the external temperature environment, etc., and at the time of startup, the power generation capacity has sufficient power generation capacity during the transient period until the heat is conducted inside the element and the temperature stabilizes. There are also transient instability factors that cannot be obtained.

従来、この種の回路において二次電池の出力を併給する形態をとることにより、熱電変換素子の出力を補償して安定させる技術が提供されている。この種の従来の技術には、特許文献１〜３に記載されるものがある。
特開平１１−２８８３１９号公報 特開２００３−１３４８０１号公報 特開平８−１１４３２２号公報 Conventionally, there has been provided a technique for compensating and stabilizing the output of the thermoelectric conversion element by adopting a form in which the output of the secondary battery is supplied together in this type of circuit. There exist some which are described in patent documents 1-3 in this kind of conventional technology.
JP-A-11-288319 JP 2003-134801 A JP-A-8-114322

上記の熱電変換素子の制御では、外部の温度環境等や素子内部への熱の伝導の度合といった不安定要素により電圧／電流特性が変動し、しかも二次電池との負荷分担や二次電池への充電電流の供給などが関係してくるため、熱電変換素子が最大発電能力を発揮する条件を維持するような制御は難度が高いという問題があった。   In the control of the thermoelectric conversion element described above, the voltage / current characteristics fluctuate due to unstable factors such as the external temperature environment and the degree of heat conduction to the inside of the element, and the load is shared with the secondary battery or to the secondary battery. Therefore, there is a problem that the control for maintaining the condition that the thermoelectric conversion element exhibits the maximum power generation capacity is difficult.

この発明は、このような事情に鑑み、熱電変換素子と二次電池の出力を併給する電源回路において、熱電変換素子の駆動効率を向上した技術を提供することを目的とする。   In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that improves the driving efficiency of a thermoelectric conversion element in a power supply circuit that supplies both the output of a thermoelectric conversion element and a secondary battery.

上記の課題を解決するために本発明は、熱電変換素子と、該熱電変換素子の出力を所定の電圧に変換する第１の電圧変換回路と、前記熱電変換素子の出力により充電される二次電池と、該二次電池の出力を所定の電圧に変換する第２の電圧変換回路とを備え、第１および第２の電圧変換回路の出力を加算し電源として外部に供給する電源回路であって、
前記第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧および出力電流を検出する検出手段と、
検出した出力電圧および出力電流から出力電力を求める電力演算手段と、
求めた出力電力を増加するように、第１および第２の電圧変換回路の少なくとも一方の出力電圧を制御する制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする電源回路を提供する。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion element, a first voltage conversion circuit that converts an output of the thermoelectric conversion element into a predetermined voltage, and a secondary charged by the output of the thermoelectric conversion element. A power supply circuit that includes a battery and a second voltage conversion circuit that converts the output of the secondary battery into a predetermined voltage, adds the outputs of the first and second voltage conversion circuits, and supplies the output as a power supply to the outside. And
Detecting means for detecting an output voltage and an output current of the first voltage conversion circuit;
Power calculating means for obtaining output power from the detected output voltage and output current;
There is provided a power supply circuit comprising control means for controlling at least one output voltage of the first and second voltage conversion circuits so as to increase the obtained output power.

また本発明は、上記の電源回路において、
前記求めた出力電力を用いて所定の判定基準に従って、前記熱電変換素子の発電能力が余剰状態にあることを判別する判別手段と、
前記熱電変換素子の発電能力が余剰状態にあるときに前記二次電池の充電を許容し、前記第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧が降下しない範囲で前記二次電池の充電電流を制御する充電制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする電源回路を提供する。 Further, the present invention provides the above power supply circuit,
Discriminating means for discriminating that the power generation capability of the thermoelectric conversion element is in a surplus state according to a predetermined criterion using the obtained output power;
Charging that allows charging of the secondary battery when the power generation capacity of the thermoelectric conversion element is in a surplus state and controls the charging current of the secondary battery within a range in which the output voltage of the first voltage conversion circuit does not drop And a power supply circuit comprising a control means.

一般に熱電変換素子は、ＰＮ結合部の温度差や負荷によって発電電圧や電流、電力が変動するという特徴がある。
図１は、熱電変換素子の特性を示すグラフであり、横軸は熱電変換素子の電圧値、左縦軸は発電値、右縦軸は電流値を示す。同図において、曲線は電力値−電圧値を示し、直線は電流値−電圧値を示す。同図中には、温度差の異なる３条件に対する発電特性のラインを表示している。同図から判るように熱電変換素子は、最大起電圧値の１／２の電圧値で駆動しているときに最大電力で発電を行う。この最大電力の値を最大発電能力と呼ぶことにする。 In general, thermoelectric conversion elements are characterized in that the generated voltage, current, and power vary depending on the temperature difference and load of the PN coupling portion.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the characteristics of a thermoelectric conversion element, where the horizontal axis represents the voltage value of the thermoelectric conversion element, the left vertical axis represents the power generation value, and the right vertical axis represents the current value. In the figure, the curve shows the power value-voltage value, and the straight line shows the current value-voltage value. In the figure, lines of power generation characteristics for three conditions with different temperature differences are displayed. As can be seen from the figure, the thermoelectric conversion element generates power with the maximum power when it is driven with a voltage value that is ½ of the maximum electromotive voltage value. This value of maximum power will be referred to as maximum power generation capacity.

図２は、熱電変換素子の内部抵抗と負荷抵抗の関係を示すグラフであり、横軸は熱電変換素子の内部抵抗Ｒｅと負荷抵抗ＲＬの比ＲＬ／Ｒｅ、縦軸は電力値Ｐと最大発電能力Ｐｍａｘの比Ｐ／Ｐｍａｘを示す。同図から分かるように内部抵抗Ｒｅが負荷抵抗ＲＬと等しい時に最大発電能力Ｐｍａｘを出力できるが、内部抵抗Ｒｅと負荷抵抗ＲＬが異なると発電値は小さくなる。   FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the internal resistance of the thermoelectric conversion element and the load resistance, the horizontal axis is the ratio RL / Re of the internal resistance Re of the thermoelectric conversion element and the load resistance RL, and the vertical axis is the power value P and the maximum power generation. The ratio P / Pmax of capability Pmax is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the maximum power generation capacity Pmax can be output when the internal resistance Re is equal to the load resistance RL. However, if the internal resistance Re and the load resistance RL are different, the power generation value becomes small.

以上を前提にして説明すると、本発明によれば、熱電変換素子の出力を変換する第１の電圧変換回路の出力電力を演算し、この出力電力の増加制御をもって第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧を制御することにより、熱電変換素子の出力電力を図１に示す特性曲線上で変化させて最大発電能力の方向に制御することができる。しかも、熱電変換素子の出力電力が上記の特性曲線上の最大値近傍に到達した後もかかる制御を継続することにより、熱電変換素子の特性自体の変動に追従した制御を行うことができ、熱電変換素子を常に最大発電能力近傍で駆動できる効果がある。 If it demonstrates on the assumption above, according to this invention, the output electric power of the 1st voltage conversion circuit which converts the output of a thermoelectric conversion element is calculated, and the output of a 1st voltage conversion circuit is carried out with the increase control of this output electric power. By controlling the voltage, the output power of the thermoelectric conversion element can be changed on the characteristic curve shown in FIG. 1 and controlled in the direction of the maximum power generation capacity. In addition, by continuing such control even after the output power of the thermoelectric conversion element reaches the vicinity of the maximum value on the above characteristic curve, it is possible to perform control that follows fluctuations in the characteristics of the thermoelectric conversion element. There is an effect that the conversion element can always be driven near the maximum power generation capacity.

また第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧の代わりに、二次電池の出力を変換する電圧変換回路の出力電圧を操作の対象としても、熱電変換素子側と二次電池側との負荷分担が変化して熱電変換素子の出力電圧が図１の特性曲線上で変化するので、同様の効果を奏する。   Moreover, even if the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit that converts the output of the secondary battery instead of the output voltage of the first voltage conversion circuit is the target of operation, the load sharing between the thermoelectric conversion element side and the secondary battery side changes. Since the output voltage of the thermoelectric conversion element changes on the characteristic curve of FIG. 1, the same effect can be obtained.

また本発明によれば、熱電変換素子の発電能力が余剰状態にあるときに二次電池の充電を許容することにより、二次電池の充電は熱電変換素子の出力に余裕のある状態のときに限定して行うことができる。しかも第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧が降下しない範囲で二次電池の充電電流を制御することにより、二次電池への充電電力を供給したために負荷への出力電力が不足する事態を回避して安定した電源供給動作を維持しつつ、熱電変換素子の発電能力の余剰分を効率的に取り出して充電に当てることができる。 In addition, according to the present invention, by allowing the secondary battery to be charged when the power generation capability of the thermoelectric conversion element is in an excess state, the secondary battery can be charged when the output of the thermoelectric conversion element has a margin. It can be done in a limited way. In addition, by controlling the charging current of the secondary battery within a range where the output voltage of the first voltage conversion circuit does not drop, the situation where the output power to the load is insufficient due to the supply of charging power to the secondary battery is avoided. It is possible to efficiently take out the surplus of the power generation capability of the thermoelectric conversion element and charge it while maintaining a stable power supply operation.

以下、図面を用いてこの発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図３は、この発明の第１の実施の形態に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。同図において、熱電変換素子１は、熱電変換により発電を行う素子である。電圧変換回路２−１は、たとえばフォワード方式のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータであり、熱電変換素子１の出力が入力電圧として与えられ、電圧変換して出力するものである。Ｉ・Ｖセンサ３−１は、電圧変換回路２−１の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）および出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）を検出するものである。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically showing the power supply circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a thermoelectric conversion element 1 is an element that generates power by thermoelectric conversion. The voltage conversion circuit 2-1 is, for example, a forward type DC / DC converter, and the output of the thermoelectric conversion element 1 is given as an input voltage, and the voltage is converted and output. The I / V sensor 3-1 detects the output voltage Vout (TG) and the output current Iout (TG) of the voltage conversion circuit 2-1.

二次電池４は、熱電変換素子１の出力が低いときに電源出力を補償するものである。電圧変換回路２−２は、電圧変換回路２−１と同様にたとえばフォワード型のＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータであり、二次電池４の出力が入力電圧として与えられ、電圧変換して出力するものである。Ｉ・Ｖセンサ３−２は、電圧変換回路２−２の出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）および出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）を検出するものである。   The secondary battery 4 compensates the power output when the output of the thermoelectric conversion element 1 is low. The voltage conversion circuit 2-2 is, for example, a forward type DC / DC converter like the voltage conversion circuit 2-1, and the output of the secondary battery 4 is given as an input voltage, and the voltage is converted and output. . The I / V sensor 3-2 detects the output voltage Vout (Ba) and the output current Iout (Ba) of the voltage conversion circuit 2-2.

出力電圧制御回路５は、Ｉ・Ｖセンサ３−１，３−２が検出する出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｉｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）や出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｖｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）を入力とし、所定の演算を行って電圧変換回路２−１，２−２に出力電圧設定値Ｖ１，Ｖ２を指示するものである。電圧変換回路２−１，２−２は、フォワード方式など各種の方式のものを採用できる。電圧変換回路２−１，２−２の出力は、出力点Ｏにおいて加算されて電源回路の出力として負荷６に供給される。負荷６に出力する定格電源電圧Ｖｌｏａｄは予め定められており、電圧変換回路２−１，２−２の負荷分担は変動するが、出力点Ｏにおける電圧は定格電源電圧Ｖｌｏａｄに定電圧制御される。   The output voltage control circuit 5 receives the output currents Iout (TG) and Iout (Ba) detected by the I / V sensors 3-1 and 3-2 and the output voltages Vout (TG) and Vout (Ba) as inputs. An operation is performed to instruct the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 to output voltage set values V1 and V2. The voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 can employ various types such as a forward type. The outputs of the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 are added at the output point O and supplied to the load 6 as the output of the power supply circuit. The rated power supply voltage Vload output to the load 6 is determined in advance, and the load sharing of the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 varies, but the voltage at the output point O is constant voltage controlled to the rated power supply voltage Vload. .

図４は、この電源回路の理想的な制御パターンを示すタイムチャートである。同図において、実線は熱電変換素子の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔを示し、破線は負荷が必要とする電力Ｐｌｏａｄを示し、説明の便宜上、熱電変換素子は常に最大発電能力Ｐｍａｘを発揮するように制御され、電圧変換回路も変換効率１００％をもって稼働するものとする。熱電変換素子の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔはリニアに増加し、１５分で負荷が必要とする電力Ｐｌｏａｄに到達すると共に、３０分で定常状態に到達して安定するものとする。１５分までは熱電変換素子の出力は不足しており、それ以降は余剰発電状態となっている。   FIG. 4 is a time chart showing an ideal control pattern of the power supply circuit. In the figure, the solid line indicates the output power Pout of the thermoelectric conversion element, the broken line indicates the power Pload required by the load, and for convenience of explanation, the thermoelectric conversion element is controlled to always exhibit the maximum power generation capacity Pmax, It is assumed that the conversion circuit also operates with a conversion efficiency of 100%. The output power Pout of the thermoelectric conversion element increases linearly, reaches the power Pload required by the load in 15 minutes, reaches a steady state in 30 minutes, and stabilizes. Until 15 minutes, the output of the thermoelectric conversion element is insufficient, and after that, the power generation state is surplus.

この場合、理想的な制御としては、１５分までは熱電変換素子の最大発電能力Ｐｏｕｔを１００％負荷に供給する（エリア２）と共に、不足分を二次電池から供給する（エリア１）。１５分経過後は、負荷が必要とする電力Ｐｌｏａｄを熱電変換素子の出力から１００％供給する（エリア３）と共に、熱電変換素子の出力のうちの余剰電力（エリア４）を用いて二次電池を充電する。   In this case, as ideal control, the maximum power generation capacity Pout of the thermoelectric conversion element is supplied to the 100% load up to 15 minutes (area 2), and the shortage is supplied from the secondary battery (area 1). After 15 minutes, 100% of the power Pload required by the load is supplied from the output of the thermoelectric conversion element (area 3), and the surplus power (area 4) of the output of the thermoelectric conversion element is used to recharge the secondary battery. To charge.

この制御パターンを前提として動作するように、図３に示す電源回路は制御される。図３に戻って、かかる動作について説明する。出力電圧制御回路５は、立ち上がり時、電圧変換回路２−１，２−２の出力電圧設定値Ｖ１，Ｖ２を定格電源電圧Ｖｌｏａｄとする。このとき、初期状態において、電圧変換回路２−１，２−２の内部特性や回路上の寄生抵抗などの回路固有の特性が原因で、電圧変換回路２−１の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）、電圧変換回路２−２の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）がどのような比率となるかは一意には決まらない。   The power supply circuit shown in FIG. 3 is controlled so as to operate based on this control pattern. Returning to FIG. 3, the operation will be described. When the output voltage control circuit 5 rises, the output voltage set values V1 and V2 of the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 are set to the rated power supply voltage Vload. At this time, in the initial state, the output power Pout (TG) of the voltage conversion circuit 2-1 due to circuit-specific characteristics such as internal characteristics of the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 and parasitic resistance on the circuit, The ratio of the output power Pout (Ba) of the voltage conversion circuit 2-2 is not uniquely determined.

出力電圧制御回路５は、Ｉ・Ｖセンサ３−１，３−２が検出する出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｉｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）や出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｖｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）を読みとった後、電圧変換回路２−１，２−２の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）あるいはＰｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）を演算し、電圧変換回路２−１の出力電圧設定値Ｖ１を初期の値Ｖｌｏａｄから、僅少な電圧変動幅として予め設定された所定の値だけ変動させる。この変動方向の初期値は＋方向でも−方向でも構わない。変動の結果、電圧変換回路２−１の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）が増大するか減少するかを判別し、出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）が増大する方向を選択する。すなわち、出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）の増大が確認されたら、同じ方向に出力電圧設定値Ｖ１を変動させていく。もし出力電圧設定値Ｖ１の減少が確認されたら、逆方向を選択して出力電圧設定値Ｖ１を変動させていく。   The output voltage control circuit 5 reads the output currents Iout (TG) and Iout (Ba) and the output voltages Vout (TG) and Vout (Ba) detected by the I / V sensors 3-1 and 3-2, The output power Pout (TG) or Pout (Ba) of the conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 is calculated, and the output voltage set value V1 of the voltage conversion circuit 2-1 is set as a slight voltage fluctuation range from the initial value Vload. It is varied by a predetermined value set in advance. The initial value of the fluctuation direction may be the + direction or the − direction. As a result of the fluctuation, it is determined whether the output power Pout (TG) of the voltage conversion circuit 2-1 increases or decreases, and the direction in which the output power Pout (TG) increases is selected. That is, when an increase in the output power Pout (TG) is confirmed, the output voltage set value V1 is changed in the same direction. If a decrease in the output voltage set value V1 is confirmed, the reverse direction is selected to vary the output voltage set value V1.

このようにして出力電圧設定値Ｖ１をわずかずつ調整することにより出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）が増大する方向に制御し、出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）が特性曲線（図１参照）の最大値近傍となる出力電圧設定値Ｖ１，Ｖ２の組み合わせに設定する。上記の特性曲線は熱電変換素子１の温度的な条件等により変動するが、出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）が最大値近傍に達した後も出力電圧設定値Ｖ１の調整を継続することにより、特性曲線の変動に追従した制御を行うことができる。したがって熱電変換素子１の出力電力の立ち上がり時の特性が改善され、負荷が必要とする電力Ｐｌｏａｄに短時間で到達するようになる。それゆえ二次電池の容量も小さくて済む。   Thus, the output power Pout (TG) is controlled to increase by adjusting the output voltage set value V1 little by little, and the output power Pout (TG) is close to the maximum value of the characteristic curve (see FIG. 1). Set to a combination of output voltage set values V1, V2. Although the above characteristic curve varies depending on the temperature condition of the thermoelectric conversion element 1, etc., the characteristic curve is obtained by continuing the adjustment of the output voltage set value V1 even after the output power Pout (TG) reaches the vicinity of the maximum value. It is possible to perform control that follows the fluctuations of. Therefore, the characteristics at the time of rising of the output power of the thermoelectric conversion element 1 are improved, and the power Pload required by the load is reached in a short time. Therefore, the capacity of the secondary battery can be small.

上記の説明では、出力電圧設定値Ｖ１を調整の対象とする形態について説明したが、出力電圧設定値Ｖ２を調整の対象とする形態をとることも可能である。つまり、電圧変換回路２−１，２−２間の負荷分担率は出力電圧設定値Ｖ１，Ｖ２の組み合わせで決定され、この負荷分担率が変動するに従って熱電変換素子１の出力も変動するからである。また、電圧変換回路２−１，２−２の出力電圧設定値Ｖ１，Ｖ２の両方を調節の対象とする形態をとることもできる。この場合、出力電圧設定値Ｖ１を＋方向に調整しているときは、出力電圧設定値Ｖ２はその反対方向の−方向に調整するというように、変動の方向はＶ１とＶ２で逆となる。   In the above description, the output voltage set value V1 has been described as an adjustment target. However, the output voltage set value V2 may be an adjustment target. That is, the load sharing ratio between the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 is determined by the combination of the output voltage setting values V1 and V2, and the output of the thermoelectric conversion element 1 also varies as the load sharing ratio varies. is there. Further, it is possible to take a form in which both of the output voltage set values V1 and V2 of the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 are to be adjusted. In this case, when the output voltage set value V1 is adjusted in the + direction, the direction of variation is reversed between V1 and V2, such that the output voltage set value V2 is adjusted in the negative direction.

次に図５を用いて第２の実施の形態について説明する。
図５は、この発明の第２の実施の形態に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。同図において、図３と同様の部分は同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。図５に示すように、この電源回路は、電圧変換回路２−２の出力段にスイッチング回路７を設けている。このスイッチング回路７は、単位時間における通電状態／未通電状態を切り替え、電圧変換回路２−２の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）の出力点Ｏへの供給を制御するものである。通電時間制御回路８は、出力電圧制御回路５の代替として設けられる回路であり、Ｉ・Ｖセンサ３−１，３−２が出力する出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｉｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）や出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｖｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）を入力とし、所定の演算を行ってスイッチング回路７に通電時間設定値Ｒｔを出力するものである。この通電時間設定値Ｒｔは、単位期間における通電時間の割合（ＤＵＴＹ ＣＹＣＬＥ）を示すものである。 Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically showing a power supply circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, parts similar to those in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, this power supply circuit is provided with a switching circuit 7 at the output stage of the voltage conversion circuit 2-2. The switching circuit 7 switches between an energized state and a non-energized state in unit time, and controls the supply of the output power Pout (Ba) of the voltage conversion circuit 2-2 to the output point O. The energization time control circuit 8 is a circuit provided as an alternative to the output voltage control circuit 5, and outputs currents Iout (TG) and Iout (Ba) output from the I / V sensors 3-1 and 3-2 and the output voltage Vout. (TG) and Vout (Ba) are input, a predetermined calculation is performed, and the energization time set value Rt is output to the switching circuit 7. This energization time set value Rt indicates the ratio (DUTY CYCLE) of the energization time in the unit period.

通電時間制御回路８は、出力電圧制御回路５と同様に、Ｉ・Ｖセンサ３−１，３−２が検出する出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｉｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）や出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｖｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）を読みとった後、電圧変換回路２−１の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）を演算し、通電時間指示Ｒｔをわずかずつ変動させて、出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）が増大するように制御する。第２の実施の形態では、電圧変換回路２−２としてＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ等よりも簡素な構成の昇圧回路を使用することができ、スイッチング回路７により電圧変換回路２−２の出力を調整することにより、第１の実施の形態と同様の動作を行うことができる。   Similarly to the output voltage control circuit 5, the energization time control circuit 8 outputs the output currents Iout (TG) and Iout (Ba) detected by the I / V sensors 3-1 and 3-2 and the output voltages Vout (TG) and Vout. After reading (Ba), the output power Pout (TG) of the voltage conversion circuit 2-1 is calculated, and the energization time instruction Rt is changed little by little to control the output power Pout (TG) to increase. In the second embodiment, a booster circuit having a simpler configuration than that of a DC-DC converter or the like can be used as the voltage conversion circuit 2-2, and the output of the voltage conversion circuit 2-2 is adjusted by the switching circuit 7. Thus, the same operation as in the first embodiment can be performed.

次に図６を用いてこの発明の第３の実施の形態について説明する。
図６は、この発明の第３の実施の形態に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。同図において、図３と同様の部分は同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。図６に示すように、この電源回路は、熱電変換素子１の出力段に充電制御回路９を設けている。この充電制御回路９は、熱電変換素子１の出力を用いて二次電池４の充電を行う回路であり、充電電流指示に従って充電電流Ｉｃを制御しながら充電を行うものである。出力電圧制御回路５は、この実施の形態では、前述のように出力電圧設定値Ｖ１（あるいは出力電圧設定値Ｖ２）の出力を行う他、充電制御回路９に対し充電電流指示の出力を行う。 Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an outline of a power supply circuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, parts similar to those in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, this power supply circuit is provided with a charge control circuit 9 at the output stage of the thermoelectric conversion element 1. The charging control circuit 9 is a circuit that charges the secondary battery 4 using the output of the thermoelectric conversion element 1, and performs charging while controlling the charging current Ic according to the charging current instruction. In this embodiment, the output voltage control circuit 5 outputs the output voltage set value V1 (or the output voltage set value V2) as described above, and outputs a charge current instruction to the charge control circuit 9.

出力電圧制御回路５は、Ｉ・Ｖセンサ３−１，３−２が検出する出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｉｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）や出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｖｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）を読みとった後、所定の演算を行い、熱電変換素子１が余剰発電状態にあり、負荷６への電力の供給が実質的に熱電変換素子１側のみで行われている状態であるか否かを判定する。この判定は、たとえば電圧変換回路２−１，２−２の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｐｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）の比率が１００％出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）側となることを判定基準にする形態をとることができる。なお比率１００％に該当するか否かは、検出誤差等を考慮して閾値を適宜設けて弁別する等の手法をとることができる。   The output voltage control circuit 5 reads the output currents Iout (TG) and Iout (Ba) and the output voltages Vout (TG) and Vout (Ba) detected by the I / V sensors 3-1 and 3-2, It is determined whether the thermoelectric conversion element 1 is in a surplus power generation state and the supply of power to the load 6 is substantially performed only on the thermoelectric conversion element 1 side. For example, the determination is based on the fact that the ratio of the output powers Pout (TG) and Pout (Ba) of the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 is on the 100% output power Pout (TG) side. be able to. Whether or not the ratio falls within 100% can be determined by taking a detection error or the like into consideration by appropriately providing a threshold.

熱電変換素子１が余剰発電状態であると判定すると出力電圧制御回路５は、充電電流指示の出力を開始し、充電制御回路９の充電動作を開始させる。充電電流Ｉｃの初期値はあまり大きすぎない範囲で適宜設定すればよい。充電開始後、出力電圧制御回路５は出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）を監視する。そして出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）が降下しないなら充電電流Ｉｃを増大方向に制御し、出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）の降下が検出されると充電電流Ｉｃを減少方向に制御する。この制御を継続することにより、二次電池４の充電を熱電変換素子１の余剰発電電力のみによって行うことができ、二次電池４の充電により負荷６への出力が不足する事態を回避することができる。しかも、出力電圧制御回路５により熱電変換素子１の出力電力を最大値近傍に維持する制御との相乗効果によって、定常的な出力電力レベルを超えて最大発電能力に見合った出力を熱電変換素子１から取り出したうえで充電を行うので充電時間を短縮できる利点がある。   When it is determined that the thermoelectric conversion element 1 is in the surplus power generation state, the output voltage control circuit 5 starts outputting the charging current instruction and starts the charging operation of the charging control circuit 9. What is necessary is just to set suitably the initial value of the charging current Ic in the range which is not too large. After the start of charging, the output voltage control circuit 5 monitors the output voltage Vout (TG). If the output voltage Vout (TG) does not drop, the charging current Ic is controlled to increase. If the output voltage Vout (TG) decreases, the charging current Ic is controlled to decrease. By continuing this control, the secondary battery 4 can be charged only by the surplus generated power of the thermoelectric conversion element 1, and the situation where the output to the load 6 is insufficient due to the charging of the secondary battery 4 is avoided. Can do. In addition, due to a synergistic effect with the control that maintains the output power of the thermoelectric conversion element 1 in the vicinity of the maximum value by the output voltage control circuit 5, the output corresponding to the maximum power generation capacity exceeding the steady output power level is obtained. There is an advantage that the charging time can be shortened because the battery is charged after being taken out.

この実施の形態では、出力電圧制御回路５が充電制御回路９への充電電流指示を生成する形態を示したが、充電制御回路９が出力電流Ｉｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｉｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）や出力電圧Ｖｏｕｔ（ＴＧ），Ｖｏｕｔ（Ｂａ）をＩ・Ｖセンサ３−１，３−２から直接取り込んで同様の制御を行う形態をとることもできる。   In this embodiment, the output voltage control circuit 5 generates the charging current instruction to the charging control circuit 9, but the charging control circuit 9 outputs the output currents Iout (TG), Iout (Ba) and the output voltage Vout. (TG), Vout (Ba) can be directly taken from the I / V sensors 3-1 and 3-2 to perform the same control.

ここで、この発明の実施例について説明する。
第１の実施例に係る電源回路は図３に示す回路構成とし、熱電変換素子１はビスマス（Ｂｉ）・テルル（Ｔｅ）系の熱電半導体を複数配列して構成されるモジュール、二次電池４は定格電圧４Ｖ、容量１ＡＨのリチウムイオン電池、負荷６は定格電圧１２Ｖ、定格電流０．３Ａの冷却ファン、電圧変換回路２−１，２−２は入力電圧・出力電圧共に３〜２８ＶのＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを使用した。出力電圧制御回路５は出力電圧設定値Ｖ１のみを調整対象とした。また比較例として、図７に示す回路構成の電源回路を同じ部品を用いて組んで使用した。図７は、比較例に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。 Now, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The power supply circuit according to the first embodiment has the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 3, and the thermoelectric conversion element 1 is a module configured by arranging a plurality of bismuth (Bi) / tellurium (Te) thermoelectric semiconductors, a secondary battery 4 Is a lithium ion battery with a rated voltage of 4V and a capacity of 1AH, a load 6 is a cooling fan with a rated voltage of 12V and a rated current of 0.3A, and the voltage conversion circuits 2-1 and 2-2 have a DC of 3 to 28V for both input voltage and output voltage -A DC converter was used. The output voltage control circuit 5 only adjusts the output voltage set value V1. As a comparative example, the power supply circuit having the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 7 was assembled using the same components. FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an outline of a power supply circuit according to a comparative example.

上記の第１の実施例および比較例に係る回路を使用し、熱電変換素子１の片側を５０°Ｃに保ったままで、反対側を５０°Ｃから２３０°Ｃまで６０分かけて温度上昇させた。その後は、２３０°Ｃの温度を維持し続けた。このときの結果を図８，９に示す。図８はこの発明の第１の実施例に係る回路の出力特性を示すグラフ、図９は比較例に係る回路の出力特性を示すグラフである。これらの図において実線は熱電変換素子の最大発電能力Ｐｍａｘ、破線は負荷が必要とする電力Ｐｌｏａｄ、一点鎖線は電圧変換回路の出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）を示す。なお、電力Ｐｌｏａｄと出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）の差分の電力は、二次電池から供給されている。これらの図から判るように、この実施例では出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）の立ち上がりが大幅に改善され、最大発電能力Ｐｍａｘに良好に追従している様子が観察された。   Using the circuits according to the first embodiment and the comparative example, the temperature of the other side is increased from 50 ° C to 230 ° C over 60 minutes while keeping one side of the thermoelectric conversion element 1 at 50 ° C. It was. Thereafter, the temperature of 230 ° C. was maintained. The results at this time are shown in FIGS. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the output characteristics of the circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a graph showing the output characteristics of the circuit according to the comparative example. In these figures, the solid line indicates the maximum power generation capacity Pmax of the thermoelectric conversion element, the broken line indicates the power Pload required by the load, and the alternate long and short dash line indicates the output power Pout (TG) of the voltage conversion circuit. Note that the power difference between the power Pload and the output power Pout (TG) is supplied from the secondary battery. As can be seen from these figures, in this example, the rise of the output power Pout (TG) was greatly improved, and it was observed that the maximum power generation capacity Pmax was well tracked.

また第２の実施例は図５に示す回路構成をとり、構成部品は第１の実施例と同じものを使用した。温度プロファイルも第１の実施例と同じとした。この結果を図１０に示す。図１０は、この発明の第２の実施例に係る回路の出力特性を示す。同図から判るように、第１の実施例よりも出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）の立ち上がりがなだらかであるが、比較例の結果（図９）と比較すると、熱電変換素子１の発電能力がより発揮され、出力電力Ｐｏｕｔ（ＴＧ）の立ち上がりが明確に改善されているのが確認された。   The second embodiment has the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 5, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are used. The temperature profile was also the same as in the first example. The result is shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows the output characteristics of the circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the rise of the output power Pout (TG) is smoother than that of the first embodiment, but the power generation capability of the thermoelectric conversion element 1 is more exerted than the result of the comparative example (FIG. 9). It was confirmed that the rise of the output power Pout (TG) was clearly improved.

また第３の実施例は図６に示す回路構成をとり、構成部品は第１の実施例と同じものを使用した。温度プロファイルも第１の実施例と同じとした。この結果を図１１に示す。図１１は、この発明の第３の実施例に係る回路の出力特性を示す。同図において二点鎖線は、充電のために二次電池に供給された電力Ｐｃを示す。同図から判るように、余剰電力を二次電池に充電している際も、負荷への電力の供給は安定しているのが確認された。また６０分以降の熱電変換素子側から負荷へ供給された電力と充電電力の和は、最大発電能力（理論値）の８０％以上であり、熱電変換素子の発電能力を高い効率をもって発揮させ、電力として取り出せていることが確認された。   The third embodiment has the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are used. The temperature profile was also the same as in the first example. The result is shown in FIG. FIG. 11 shows the output characteristics of the circuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a two-dot chain line indicates electric power Pc supplied to the secondary battery for charging. As can be seen from the figure, it was confirmed that the supply of power to the load was stable even when the secondary battery was charged with the surplus power. Moreover, the sum of the electric power supplied to the load from the thermoelectric conversion element side after 60 minutes and the charging power is 80% or more of the maximum power generation capacity (theoretical value), and the power generation capacity of the thermoelectric conversion element is exhibited with high efficiency. It was confirmed that it could be taken out as electric power.

以上、この発明の実施の形態について詳述してきたが、具体的な構成は上述した実施の形態に限られるものではなく、この発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等も含まれる。   The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the specific configuration is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes design changes and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention.

熱電変換素子の特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the characteristic of a thermoelectric conversion element. 熱電変換素子の内部抵抗と負荷抵抗の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the internal resistance of a thermoelectric conversion element, and load resistance. この発明の第１の実施の形態に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。1 is a block diagram showing an outline of a power supply circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention. この電源回路の理想的な制御パターンを示すタイムチャートである。It is a time chart which shows the ideal control pattern of this power supply circuit. この発明の第２の実施の形態に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the power supply circuit which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. この発明の第３の実施の形態に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the power supply circuit which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 比較例に係る電源回路の概略を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the power supply circuit which concerns on a comparative example. この発明の第１の実施例に係る電源回路の出力特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the output characteristic of the power supply circuit which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. 比較例に係る電源回路の出力特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the output characteristic of the power supply circuit which concerns on a comparative example. この発明の第２の実施例に係る電源回路の出力特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the output characteristic of the power supply circuit which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. この発明の第３の実施例に係る電源回路の出力特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the output characteristic of the power supply circuit which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…熱電変換素子 ２−１，２−２…電圧変換回路 ３−１，３−２…Ｉ・Ｖセンサ ４…二次電池 ５…出力電圧制御回路 ６…負荷 ７…スイッチング回路 ８…通電時間制御回路 ９…充電制御回路
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Thermoelectric conversion element 2-1, 2-2 ... Voltage conversion circuit 3-1, 3-2 ... I / V sensor 4 ... Secondary battery 5 ... Output voltage control circuit 6 ... Load 7 ... Switching circuit 8 ... Current supply time Control circuit 9 ... Charge control circuit

Claims (1)

熱電変換素子と、該熱電変換素子の出力を所定の電圧に変換する第１の電圧変換回路と、前記熱電変換素子の出力により充電される二次電池と、該二次電池の出力を所定の電圧に変換する第２の電圧変換回路とを備え、前記第１および第２の電圧変換回路の出力を加算し電源として外部に供給する電源回路であって、
前記第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧および出力電流を検出する検出手段と、
前記検出した出力電圧および出力電流から出力電力を求める電力演算手段と、
出力電圧設定値を指示することにより前記第１および第２の電圧変換回路の少なくとも一方の出力電圧を制御する制御手段であって、前記出力電圧設定値を変動させ、前記出力電力が増大した場合は前記変動と同じ方向に前記出力電圧設定値を変動させ、前記出力電力が減少した場合は前記変動と逆方向に前記出力電圧設定値を変動させる制御手段と、
前記求めた出力電力を用いて所定の判定基準に従って、前記熱電変換素子の発電能力が余剰状態にあることを判別する判別手段と、
前記熱電変換素子の発電能力が余剰状態にあるときに前記二次電池の充電を許容し、前記第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧が降下しない場合は前記二次電池の充電電流を増大方向に制御し、前記第１の電圧変換回路の出力電圧が降下した場合は前記二次電池の充電電流を減少方向に制御する充電制御手段と
を備えることを特徴とする電源回路。 A thermoelectric conversion element; a first voltage conversion circuit that converts the output of the thermoelectric conversion element into a predetermined voltage; a secondary battery that is charged by the output of the thermoelectric conversion element; a second and a voltage conversion circuit, a power supply circuit for supplying to the outside as an addition to the power output of the first and second voltage conversion circuit for converting the voltage,
Detecting means for detecting an output voltage and an output current of the first voltage conversion circuit;
A power calculating means for calculating the output power from the output voltage and output current and the detected,
Control means for controlling an output voltage of at least one of the first and second voltage conversion circuits by instructing an output voltage set value, wherein the output power is increased by changing the output voltage set value Control means for changing the output voltage set value in the same direction as the change, and changing the output voltage set value in a direction opposite to the change when the output power is reduced ,
Discriminating means for discriminating that the power generation capability of the thermoelectric conversion element is in a surplus state according to a predetermined criterion using the obtained output power;
When the power generation capacity of the thermoelectric conversion element is in a surplus state, charging of the secondary battery is allowed, and when the output voltage of the first voltage conversion circuit does not drop, the charging current of the secondary battery is increased. controlling the power supply circuit when the output voltage of the first voltage conversion circuit has dropped, characterized in that Ru and a charging control means for controlling the charging current of the secondary battery in the decreasing direction.
JP2005284743A 2005-09-29 2005-09-29 Power circuit Expired - Fee Related JP4333658B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005284743A JP4333658B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2005-09-29 Power circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005284743A JP4333658B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2005-09-29 Power circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2007097335A JP2007097335A (en) 2007-04-12
JP4333658B2 true JP4333658B2 (en) 2009-09-16

Family

ID=37982333

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2005284743A Expired - Fee Related JP4333658B2 (en) 2005-09-29 2005-09-29 Power circuit

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4333658B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5060724B2 (en) * 2005-12-07 2012-10-31 学校法人神奈川大学 Power supply

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2007097335A (en) 2007-04-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7199552B2 (en) Control circuit apparatus and power supply circuit control method
US7982434B2 (en) Apparatus and method for controlling a power supply
US8624432B2 (en) Power assist using ambient heat
US20070194759A1 (en) Charging apparatus for capacitor storage type power source and discharging apparatus for capacitor storage type power source
US20070018620A1 (en) Power supply apparatus and its method
US20070096564A1 (en) System and method for efficient power utilization and extension of battery life
US11923711B2 (en) Power management for hybrid power system
EP1983632A2 (en) System, method, and apparatus for extracting power from a photovoltaic source of electrical energy
US20100102773A1 (en) Circuits and methods for power conversion
JP2009232665A (en) Power supply device and power supply control method
WO2014173293A1 (en) Switching mode charger for charging system
US20090096422A1 (en) Charge Regulation Assembly And Method For Charging A Battery
US8981752B2 (en) Energy-based oriented switching mode power supply
JP2006094690A (en) Power switching device
JP6426014B2 (en) Bidirectional inverter and storage system using the same
KR101498449B1 (en) Stand-alone pv power generation system and charging controlling method thereof
WO2011098435A2 (en) Voltage regulation of a dc/dc converter
JP4333658B2 (en) Power circuit
JP2006166667A (en) Switching regulator
JP3798278B2 (en) Surplus power control method in power supply system
Pernía et al. A modular strategy for isolated photovoltaic systems based on microcontroller
JP2004336974A (en) Power supply
US20190044327A1 (en) Multiple output battery system with alternator architectures
JP6902719B2 (en) Converter system
JP6268768B2 (en) Charging apparatus, charging system, charging method, and charging program

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20080625

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20090106

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20090309

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20090331

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20090507

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20090602

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20090615

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120703

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 4333658

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130703

Year of fee payment: 4

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees