JP4330771B2

JP4330771B2 - Flexible joint, joint structure using the same, and construction method of submerged tunnel

Info

Publication number: JP4330771B2
Application number: JP2000224211A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 信治林; 誠下石; 克洋新明; 理清宮
Original assignee: Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd; Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd; Penta Ocean Construction Co Ltd
Priority date: 2000-07-25
Filing date: 2000-07-25
Publication date: 2009-09-16
Anticipated expiration: 2020-07-25
Also published as: JP2002038503A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば沈埋トンネルや暗渠などを構成する、隣接する構造物間の目地を、構造物の不等沈下や相対変位等に柔軟に対応しつつ止水するための、環状の可とう継手と、それを用いた構造物間の継手構造と、かかる継手構造を利用した沈埋トンネルの施工方法とに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
上記構造物間の目地を、構造物の不等沈下や相対変位等に柔軟に対応しつつ止水するために、従来は、例えば特公昭５５−４９１９号公報等に記載された継手構造が広く採用されてきた。
すなわち両構造物の相対向する端面間に、ゴム、樹脂等の弾性材料によって環状でかつ伸縮自在に形成された可とう部材を取り付けるとともに、その内側に、上記可とう部材が環外方からの高い水圧によって内側に膨らむように変形した際にそれを内側から支持して、可とう部材の過剰な変形とそれに伴う破れ等を防止する機能を有する棒状の耐力部材を複数本、構造物同士の相対移動を妨げないように、その両端部を、それぞれ両構造物の相対向する端面に形成した通孔に、軸方向へのある程度の摺動を許容しつつ挿入した状態で配置した継手構造が、広く用いられてきた。
【０００３】
しかしこの継手構造を組み立てるには、両構造物間の目地を構成する狭い隙間の中で可とう部材を取り付けたり、あるいは上記狭い隙間の中で、構造物同士の相対移動によって抜けにくくするためにわざと径を小さくした通孔に、両通孔間の距離、つまり構造物の端面間の距離よりも長い耐力部材を挿入する作業を、耐力部材の本数分だけ繰り返し行ったりせねばならず、手間がかかるという問題があった。
【０００４】
それも、比較的断面の小さい暗渠の場合は、天井部分まで作業者の手が届きやすく、また１か所の継手ごとに必要な耐力部材の本数が少ないのでまだよいのであるが、断面の大きい沈埋トンネルの場合、トンネルの天井部分などは足場を組んで作業しなければならず作業性が悪い上、１か所の継手ごとに必要な耐力部材の本数が多くなるため作業の手間がかかり、このことが、沈埋トンネルを施工する際の、コストアップの原因の一つとなっていた。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで継手構造を簡素化して、組み立ての作業性などを向上するために、例えば特開平８−１８４０９２号公報において、全体がゴム、樹脂等の弾性材料によって一体の環状に形成され、環の両端に、それぞれの構造物の内面側に締着される一対の環状の締着部を有し、かつ両締着部の間が、厚みのほぼ等しい薄肉の、環状の本体部とされた可とう継手を使用した新たな継手構造が提案された。
【０００６】
かかる継手構造は、上記可とう継手の本体部を、環外方側に膨出する膨出形状に形成して構造物間の目地内に挿入し、かつ目地の、上記本体部より外方側に弾性目地材を充てんして止水するとともに、可とう継手の内面側に、ヒンジによって回動自在とされた可動板を設け、この可動板を、膨出形状に形成された本体部の背後の凹部内に収容したものである。
そして、構造物の不等沈下や相対変位等によって弾性目地材による止水が破られて、可とう継手の本体部が、環外方からの高い水圧によって構造物の内方へ向けて変形しようとした際には、それに伴って上記可動板が回動されるものの、ヒンジに設けたストッパによってその回動が途中で停止されることで、本体部のそれ以上の変形を阻止するように構成されている。
【０００７】
しかしこの構造であっても、可動板をヒンジによって回動自在に取り付けた固定板を、１か所の継手ごとに多数個、必要とするため、棒状の耐力部材ほどではないにしても、依然として継手構造の組み立てには手間がかかるという問題があった。
また上記の構成では、ヒンジのストッパが確実に機能しない不良が生じると、可とう継手の本体部の、構造物の内方への過剰な変形と、それに伴う破れとを防止できないおそれがある他、前記のように可とう継手の締着部を構造物の内面側に締着しているため、１箇所でも締着の不良があると、本体部に環外方からの高い水圧が加わった際に、上記不良個所において、締着部と構造物との間に隙間を生じて漏水するおそれがあるなど、安全性の面でも問題があった。
【０００８】
特許第２８５４５６３号公報には、上記の可とう継手を、構造物の相対的変位に追従して伸長する薄肉の伸長部を備えた可とう伸長部材と、環の径方向内方に膨出する膨出形状に形成された薄肉の膨出部を有する可とう耐力部材とに機能分離することで、外部からの土砂の堆積による可とう継手の機能不良を、主に上記伸長部材によって防止するようにした継手構造が記載されている。
構造物間の止水は、可とう耐力部材と、目地の、上記可とう耐力部材の膨出部の内面側に充てんされるスポンジゴム等の目地材とによって行われる。
【０００９】
かかる継手構造では、止水を担う可とう耐力部材の締着部を構造物の外面側に締着しており、当該可とう耐力部材の膨出部に環外方からの高い水圧が加わっても、その水圧は、締着部を構造物に隙間なく密着させる方向に機能するため、漏水のおそれがない。
但し上記継手構造は、基本的に土中に埋設される暗渠用の構造であり、可とう耐力部材の膨出部に、環外方から高い水圧がかかった際に、当該膨出部の、構造物の内方への過剰な変形と、それに伴う破れが発生するのを防止するための機構（前述した棒状の耐力部材等）については一切、考慮されていないため、特に沈埋トンネル等に適用した際には、やはり安全性の面で問題がある。
【００１０】
本発明の主たる目的は、これまでよりも構造が簡単で、継手構造を組み立てるのが容易である上、止水の確実性が高く安全性に優れた継手構造を構成しうる、新規な可とう継手を提供することにある。
また本発明の他の目的は、上記の可とう継手を使用することにより、組み立てが容易で、しかも止水の確実性が高く安全性に優れた継手構造を提供することにある。
【００１１】
また本発明のさらに他の目的は、上記の継手構造を採用することで、止水の確実性が高く安全性に優れた本継手部を有する沈埋トンネルを施工する施工方法を提供することにある。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段および発明の効果】
請求項１記載の発明は、隣接する一対の構造物の外面側に、両構造物間の目地にまたがって配置されて、当該目地を止水する、全体がゴム、樹脂等の弾性材料によって一体に形成された環状の可とう継手であって、環の両端に、それぞれの構造物の外面側に締着される一対の環状の締着部を有し、かつ環の中央に、隣接する一対の構造物間の目地にまたがった状態で、両構造物の外面側に当接されることで止水をする環状の止水部を有するとともに、
上記止水部が、その幅の２５％以上の厚みを有する厚肉に形成され、
止水部の、環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線より環内方側の領域が、所定量の裁断した補強繊維を混合して繊維補強された弾性材料の層とされたことを特徴とする可とう継手である。
【００１３】
請求項２記載の発明は、止水部の、両構造物の外面側に当接される部位にそれぞれ、弾性材料からなり、構造物に圧接されて止水を行う一対の環状の凸条が一体形成されたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の可とう継手である。
【００１４】
請求項３記載の発明は、繊維補強された弾性材料の層が、止水部の幅方向にわたる、連続した補強材によってさらに補強されたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の可とう継手である。
請求項４記載の発明は、一方の締着部から、止水部を通して他方の締着部まで連続した繊維布によって全体が補強されているとともに、当該繊維布が、止水部では、その環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線より環外方側に配置されたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の可とう継手である。
【００１５】
請求項５記載の発明は、止水部と、一対の締着部との間がそれぞれ、両締着部間にわたる連続した繊維布によって補強された、薄肉で可とう性を有する一対の、環状のサイドウォール部でつながれているとともに、当該サイドウォール部が、締着部の締着位置から止水部の設置位置までの間の、構造物の表面に沿う長さの０．６〜２倍の幅に形成されたことを特徴とする請求項４記載の可とう継手である。
【００１６】
請求項６記載の発明は、一方のサイドウォールと構造物との間の領域を、他方のサイドウォールと構造物との間の領域と連通させる通孔が、止水部に形成されたことを特徴とする請求項５記載の可とう継手である。
請求項７記載の発明は、請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の可とう継手を用いて、隣接する一対の構造物間の目地を止水する継手構造であって、一対の締着部を、それぞれ環外方から、押さえ板によって環内方へ押圧しつつ、構造物の外面側に締着したことを特徴とする継手構造である。
【００１７】
請求項９記載の発明は、請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の可とう継手を用いて、隣接する一対の構造物間の目地を止水する継手構造であって、両構造物の、それぞれ目地と隣接する端部の外面を、目地側に近づくほど環の内方に向かう相対向する傾斜面とし、可とう継手の止水部を、両傾斜面間にまたがらせた状態で、両傾斜面に当接させて止水したことを特徴とする継手構造である。
請求項１０記載の発明は、少なくとも一方の端面にゴムガスケットを配置し、かつ長手方向の途中の部位に、沈埋トンネルの施工後に本継手部となる、請求項８または９の継手構造と、その内側に取り付けた本止水ゴムとで止水した中断部を設けた沈埋函を、
(1) 上記中断部の、本止水ゴムの内側で、中断部の長手方向の間隔が変化しないように仮固定した状態で水底に設置し、
(2) 隣接する沈埋函の相対向する端面間を、ゴムガスケットを挟んで水圧接合した後、
(3) 当該ゴムガスケットによる接合部を固定するとともに中断部の仮固定を解除し、
(4) 代わって上記中断部に、設計上の縮みを防止するストッパーを挿入して本継手部を構成することを特徴とする沈埋トンネルの施工方法である。
【００１８】
前記請求項１記載の発明の可とう継手においては、環の中央の止水部が、その幅の２５％以上の厚みを有する厚肉に形成されていると共に、前記止水部の、環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線より環内方側の領域が、繊維補強された弾性材料の層とされており、環外方からの高い水圧によってある程度は変形するものの、座屈変形したり破れたりしない高い剛性を有している。
したがって上記可とう継手を使用して継手構造を構成するに際しては、前述した耐力部材などの、止水部の過剰な変形や破れを防止する部材が一切、不要となるため、これまでよりも継手構造を簡単にして、その組み立てを容易にすることができる。
【００１９】
また上記止水部は、両構造物の外面に当接されて止水を行うものであり、同様に継手部も、構造物の外面側に締着されるものであるため、環外方から高い水圧が加わった際には、これらの部材がいずれも、構造物に対して隙間なく、より一層、強固に密着される。
したがって上記可とう継手を使用した継手構造は、止水の確実性が高く、安全性に優れたものとなる。
【００２０】
なお請求項２に記載したように、上記止水部の、両構造物の外面側に当接される部位にそれぞれ、弾性材料からなり、構造物に圧接されて止水を行う一対の環状の凸条を一体形成した場合には、当該凸条が、構造物に圧接されることで圧縮変形して、止水部と構造物との間の止水をより確実なものとする。
また請求項３に記載したように、止水部の、環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線より環内方側の領域に設けた繊維補強された弾性材料の層を、止水部の幅方向にわたる、連続した補強材によって補強した場合には、止水部の剛性がさらに向上する。
【００２１】
このため上記請求項２、３のいずれかの可とう継手を使用した継手構造は、止水の確実性がさらに向上して、より一層、安全性に優れたものとなる。また、
請求項４に記載したように、一方の締着部から、止水部を通して他方の締着部まで連続した繊維布によって可とう継手の全体を補強した場合には、当該可とう継手を、構造物の不等沈下や相対変位等に対応しうる柔軟性を維持しつつ、水中に浮遊する鉄片、木片、転石などによる損傷を受けて破れにくい強靭なものとすることができる。
【００２２】
しかも請求項４では、上記繊維布を、止水部において、当該止水部の環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線より環外方側、つまり止水部が環外方からの水圧によって変形した際に引張力が加わらない位置に配置しているため、上記止水部の変形時に、引張力に弱い繊維布が断裂したりするのを防止することもできる。
また請求項５に記載したように、止水部と、一対の締着部との間をそれぞれ、両締着部間にわたる上記の、連続した繊維布によって補強された、薄肉でかつ可とう性を有する一対の、環状のサイドウォール部でつなぐと、可とう継手が、構造物の不等沈下や相対変位等にさらに柔軟に対応できるものとなる。
【００２３】
なお環外方からの高い水圧が加わった際に、上記サイドウォール部に無理な引っ張り力が加わるのを防止するためには、上記請求項５に記載したように、当該サイドウォール部を、締着部の締着位置から止水部の設置位置までの間の、構造物の表面に沿う長さの０．６〜２倍の幅に形成するのが好ましい。
さらに請求項６に記載したように、止水部に、一方のサイドウォールと構造物との間の領域を、他方のサイドウォールと構造物との間の領域と連通させる通孔を形成した場合には、サイドウォールが損傷するか、もしくは締着部が破損するなどして、いずれか一方の領域に水が進入した際に、それが通孔を通して他方の領域にも導入される。
【００２４】
このため、いずれか一方の領域のみに水圧が加わって水圧のバランスが崩れることで、止水部が、水圧の加わっていない他方の領域の方にずれたり、あるいはこのずれが大きくなって、止水部が構造物間の目地に落ち込んだりすることを防止できるため、かかる可とう継手を使用した継手構造は、止水の確実性がさらに向上して、より一層、安全性に優れたものとなる。
また、上記可とう継手を用いた請求項７の継手構造によれば、一対の締着部を、それぞれ水圧の加わる環外方から、押さえ板によって環内方へ押圧しつつ、構造物の外面側に締着しており、環外方から高い水圧が加わった際には、押さえ板によって押圧されることで、締着部が、構造物に対して隙間なく、より一層、強固に密着される。
【００２５】
一方、両構造物の、それぞれ目地と隣接する端部の外面を、目地側に近づくほど環の内方に向かう相対向する傾斜面とし、可とう継手の止水部を、両傾斜面間にまたがらせた状態で、両傾斜面に当接させて止水した請求項８の継手構造によれば、環外方から高い水圧が加わった際に、止水部が、両傾斜面に沿って自然に、目地をまたぐ所定の中央位置に安定的に配置される。このため、このいずれの場合にも止水の確実性がさらに向上して、より一層、安全性に優れたものとなる。
【００２６】
さらに請求項９記載の沈埋トンネルの施工方法によれば、衝撃吸収機能を有する本継手部に上記の継手構造を採用することによって、当該本継手部の信頼性を向上した沈埋トンネルを、施工の容易な従来同様の水圧接続によって施工することができると言う特有の効果を奏する。
【００２７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を、実施の形態の一例を示す図面を参照しつつ説明する。
まず可とう継手とそれを用いた継手構造について、図１、２の例に基づいて説明する。
図の例の可とう継手１は、隣接する一対の構造物２、２の外面２１、２１側に、両構造物２、２間の目地２０にまたがって配置されることで、当該目地２０を止水するためのもので、その全体をゴム、樹脂等の弾性材料によって、図示していないが上記目地２０を囲繞するように環状に一体成形することで構成されており、
・環の両端に配置された一対の環状の締着部１１、１１と、
・環の中央に配置され、上記目地２０にまたがって止水をするための、厚肉でかつ環状の止水部１０と、
・この止水部１０と両端の締着部１１、１１とをつなぐ薄肉でかつ環状のサイドウォール部１２、１２と
を備えている。
【００２８】
このうち止水部１０は、前述したように幅Ｗ₁の２５％以上の厚みＴ₁を有する厚肉に形成されている必要がある。
厚みＴ₁が上記の範囲未満では、当該止水部１０を、十分な剛性を有するものとすることができないため、図１に白矢印で示すように環外方から高い水圧が加わった際に、止水部１０が座屈変形したり破れたりしやすく、止水の確実性が低下して安全性に問題を生じる。
【００２９】
なお止水部１０の厚みＴ₁は、上記剛性の問題や、あるいは可とう継手の取り扱い性の良否、製造コスト等を考慮すると、上記の範囲内でも特に幅Ｗ₁の３０〜８０％であるのが好ましく、４０〜６０％であるのがさらに好ましい。
上記止水部１０の、両構造物２、２に当接される部位である環内面の両端部には、それぞれ前記のように、構造物２、２に圧接された際に圧縮変形して止水性を高める働きをする一対の、環状の凸条１０ａ、１０ａが一体形成されている。
【００３０】
また上記止水部１０は、その剛性を高めるため、前述したように環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線より環内方側の領域、すなわち図２中の一点鎖線Ｆ−Ｆより下の環状の領域が、繊維補強された弾性材料の層１０１とされている。
上記層１０１は、弾性材料中に、所定量の補強繊維を混合した混合材料によって形成される。
かかる混合材料としては、例えば自動車用タイヤの製造に使用される、有機繊維のコードにゴム引きしたトッピングゴム材料を細かく裁断し、せん断力を加えてゴムと繊維の混合物としたものなどが好適に使用される。
【００３１】
弾性材料としては、例えば自動車用タイヤに使用される天然ゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム（ＳＢＲ）、ブタジエンゴム（ＢＲ）、ブチルゴム（ＩＩＲ）、イソプレンゴム（ＩＲ）等が主として用いられるが、その他にも例えばエチレンプロピレンジエン共重合ゴム（ＥＰＤＭ）、ニトリルゴム、クロロプレンゴム、塩素化ゴム、ウレタンゴム、アクリルゴム、フッ素ゴム、シリコーンゴム等のゴムや、あるいは塩化ビニル、エチレンプロピレン樹脂、軟質エポキシ樹脂等の軟質樹脂などが使用可能である。これらはそれぞれ１種単独で使用される他、互いに相溶性を有するものを２種以上、併用することもできる。
【００３２】
上記弾性材料には、常法に従ってカーボンブラック、シリカ等の補強性フィラーや老化防止剤等の添加剤を配合することができる。またゴムは、加硫剤、加硫促進剤、硬化剤等を配合して成形後、所定の加硫方法によって加硫される。
また補強繊維としては、ポリエステル、レーヨン、ポリプロピレン、アラミド、ビニロン、綿、カーボン繊維、ガラス繊維等のフィラメント、もしくはより糸が挙げられる。
【００３３】
補強繊維の太さはおよそ０．０５〜４ｍｍの範囲内、特に０．１〜２ｍｍの範囲内であるのが好ましい。また裁断した補強繊維の長さは１〜３０ｍｍの範囲内、特に５〜２０ｍｍの範囲内であるのが好ましい。
補強繊維の配合量は、弾性材料や添加剤の種類と量にもよるが、混合材料全体の３〜５０体積％の範囲内であるのが好ましい。補強繊維の配合量がこれより少ないと、層１０１による、止水部１０の剛性を高める効果が十分に得られないおそれがあり、逆に多いと、混合材料の加工性が低下し、また止水部１０の柔軟性が低くなるおそれがある。
【００３４】
図の例では、上記層１０１中に、止水部１０の幅方向（図において左右方向）のほぼ全幅にわたる、連続した補強材Ｒ₁が埋設されている。
補強材Ｒ₁としては、例えば芳香族ポリアミド繊維材やスチールコード、鉄板等があげられ、特に数十年の使用に耐える耐腐食性を有する芳香族ポリアミド繊維材が好適に使用される。
これらの線材や板を環の軸方向に平行でかつ等間隔に多数本（枚）、引き揃えた状態で配列することで、可とう継手１の、構造物２の外形への追従性を維持しつつ、前記層１０１の、ひいては止水部１０全体の剛性が補強される。
【００３５】
例えば太さ１５００デニールの芳香族ポリアミド繊維材（商品名ケブラー）を使用する場合は、環の周方向の幅５０ｍｍあたり、およそ３５本程度の芳香族ポリアミド繊維材を引き揃えることで、止水部１０の剛性が補強される。
かかる補強材Ｒ₁を埋設して補強することで、補強しない場合に比べて、前述した層１０１の厚みを小さくすることができる。
また上記層１０１には、前述したように止水部１０の前後の領域をつなぐ通孔１０ｂが形成される。通孔１０ｂは図では１本のみ記載しているが、実際には、環の周方向に複数個、等間隔で配置するのが好ましい。
【００３６】
通孔１０ｂを、上記のように剛性の高い層１０１中に形成する場合は、止水部１０が水圧を受けて圧縮されても潰されるおそれがない。
このため通孔１０ｂを、例えば層１０１の形成後に、ドリル等を使用して貫通形成するだけでも構わない。但し通孔１０ｂは、成形時の所定の位置にパイプを埋め込んで形成しても良い。その場合には、パイプが通孔１０ｂの補強として機能する。
【００３７】
止水部１０の、環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線Ｆ−Ｆより環外方側の領域、つまり上記層１０１の外側（図において上側）の、環状の領域１０２と、その環外面の両端に接続された一対のサイドウォール部１２、１２と、それぞれのサイドウォール部１２、１２の先端に設けられた締着部１１、１１とは、前記凸条１０ａ、１０ａとともに、通常の弾性材料によって形成されている。
また上記のうち両締着部１１、１１、サイドウォール部１２、１２、および領域１０２は、一方の締着部１１から他方の締着部１１まで連続した繊維布Ｒ₂によって、その全体が補強されている。
【００３８】
繊維布Ｒ₂としては、通常、こうした用途に使用される綿布などが使用可能である。
上記繊維布Ｒ₂が、止水部１０のうち、上記領域１０２に配置されるのは、前述したように止水部１０が変形した際に、引張力に弱い当該繊維布Ｒ₂が断裂するのを防止するためである。それゆえ図に示すように繊維布は、上記領域１０２内でもできるだけ、環外方からの水圧による変形の中心線Ｆ−Ｆより外側（図において上側）に配置されるのが好ましい。
【００３９】
サイドウォール部１２、１２は、繊維布Ｒ₂の両面を弾性材料の層で挟んだ３層構造を有している。かかるサイドウォール部１２、１２は、上記構造のとおり繊維布Ｒ₂の両面を弾性材料の層で挟んで熱成形、あるいはゴムの場合は加硫成形するか、もしくはゴム引きした繊維布Ｒ₂を加硫成形するなどして形成される。
当該サイドウォール部１２、１２は、前記のように締着部１１、１１の締着位置から止水部１０の設置位置までの間の、構造物２、２の表面に沿う長さ（図１中Ｌ₁）の０．６〜２倍の幅に形成されるのが好ましい。
【００４０】
サイドウォール部１２、１２の幅が上記の範囲未満では、一対の構造物２、２間に取り付けて継手構造を構成した際に、サイドウォール部１２、１２にテンションが加わった状態となる。このため、環外方から高い水圧が加わった際に、上記サイドウォール部１２、１２に無理な引っ張り力が加わって、破損するおそれがある。
一方、幅が上記の範囲を超えた場合には、取り付けの作業性が悪くなるおそれがある。但し取り付けた後は、水圧によって自然に折りたたまれるため、特に問題は生じない。
【００４１】
なおサイドウォール部１２、１２の幅は、上記の範囲内でも特に、長さＬ₁の０．８〜１．２倍の範囲内であるのが好ましい。
締着部１１、１１は、上記繊維布Ｒ₂の両端で、金属線等の補強線材１１ａ、１１ａを巻きつけた上に、上記と同様に弾性材料の層を挟んで熱成形、あるいはゴムの場合は加硫成形するか、もしくはゴム引きした繊維布Ｒ₂を加硫成形するなどすることにより、サイドウォール部１２、１２より肉厚の凸条として形成される。
【００４２】
可とう継手１は、上記各部をそれぞれ別々に熱成形、もしくは加硫成形したものを熱接着や加硫接着等によって組み立てるとともに、同様の接着方法で環状に接続して構成することもできる。
しかし、例えばゴムの場合は、これらの部材を構成する各種の材料を、可とう継手１の断面形状に対応した型内の所定の位置に充てんして一次加硫することで、上記断面形状を有する、所定の長さの部材を複数本製造し、それを、やはり可とう継手１の断面形状に対応した接続用の型内で、加硫接着によって接続しながら二次加硫する操作を繰り返して環状に仕上げるのが、全体の強度等の点で好ましい。
【００４３】
上記可とう継手１を使用した図１の継手構造においては、隣接する一対の構造物２、２の外面２１、２１側に、当該外面２１、２１の全周にわたって一段、内方へ凹陥させた環状の締着段面２２、２２を設け、そこへ可とう継手１の締着部１１、１１を、それぞれ環外方から、押さえ板３１、３１によって環内方へ押圧しつつ締着している。
詳しくは、押さえ板３１、３１の図示しない通孔に、上記締着断面２２、２２から環外方へ突設したボルト３２、３２を挿通して、締着段面２２、２２と押さえ板３１、３１との間に、締着部１１、１１を含むサイドウォール部１２、１２の端部と、抜け止め板３４、３４とを挟み、その上からナット３３、３３を螺合して締め付けることで、上記のように締着部１１、１１とその近傍のサイドウォール部１２、１２とを押圧しつつ、締着部１１、１１と抜け止め板３４、３４とを係合させることで、当該締着部１１、１１を、締着段面２２、２２に締着している。
【００４４】
このように構成すると、前記のように環外方から高い水圧が加わった際に、押さえ板３１、３１によって押圧されることで、締着部１１、１１が、締着段面２２、２２に対して隙間なく、より一層、強固に密着されるため、止水の確実性がさらに向上して、継手構造がより一層、安全性に優れたものとなる。
また図の継手構造においては、上記締着断面２２、２２よりさらに目地２０側の、構造物２の端部側に、当該締着段面２２、２２の全周にわたってさらに一段、内方へ凹陥させ、かつ目地２０側に近づくほど環の内方に向かう相対向する傾斜面とした環状の止水段面２３、２３を設け、そこへ可とう継手１の止水部１０を、目地２０をまたぐように当接させて止水をしている。
【００４５】
このように構成すると、やはり前記のように環外方から高い水圧が加わった際に、止水部１０が、両止水段面２３、２３の傾斜に沿って自然に、目地２０をまたぐ所定の中央位置に安定的に配置されるため、止水の確実性がさらに向上して、継手構造がより一層、安全性に優れたものとなる。
次に、本発明の沈埋トンネルの施工方法について、上記図１、並びに図３を参照しつつ説明する。
【００４６】
かかる施工方法では、まず少なくとも一方の端面にゴムガスケット４を配置した沈埋函５の、長手方向の途中の部位に、沈埋トンネルの施工後に本継手部となる、上記の継手構造と、その内側に取り付けた本止水ゴム６とで止水した中断部を設ける。
すなわち図３に示すように沈埋函５を構成する２つの構造物２、２間の目地２０を、以上で説明した、可とう継手１による継手構造で接続するとともに、この継手構造を水中に浮遊する鉄片、木片、転石などから保護するために、当該継手構造を形成した凹部５０を鉄板等のカバー５１で覆う。この際、上記カバー５１の固定は、凹部５０内に水が入るように、少なくとも一方の構造物２側を点溶接にしておく。
【００４７】
次に、上記構造物２、２の環内面２４、２４に、環状の本止水ゴム６を、目地２０にまたがらせた状態で取り付ける。
本止水ゴム６は、断面半円状でかつ環状の本体６１の両端から外方へそれぞれ筒状の取付部６２、６２を延設し、その先端に可とう継手１の場合と同様の、環状の締着部６３、６３を形成したもので、この締着部６３、６３を、それぞれ環内方から、押さえ板３５、３５によって環外方へ押圧しつつ締着することで、上記環内面２４、２４に取り付けられる。
【００４８】
詳しくは、押さえ板３５、３５の図示しない通孔に、上記環内面２４、２４から環内方へ突設したボルト３６、３６を挿通して、環内面２４、２４と押さえ板３５、３５との間に、締着部６３、６３を含む取付部６２、６２と、抜け止め板３７、３７とを挟み、その上からナット３８、３８を螺合して締め付けることで、上記のように締着部６３、６３を含む取付部６２、６２とを押圧しつつ、締着部６３、６３と抜け止め板３７、３７とを係合させることで、当該締着部６３、６３が、環内面２４、２４に締着される。
【００４９】
次に、上記のようにして構成された沈埋函５の中断部５ａにおいて、上記本止水ゴム６の内側で、両構造物２、２の相対向する端面に仮固定部材５４を介装して、当該中断部５ａの長手方向の間隔が伸縮しないように仮固定する。
ここまでの作業は地上あるいは水上で行う。
次に沈埋函５を水底に設置し、隣接する沈埋函５、５の相対向する端面５ｂ、５ｂ間を、前記ゴムガスケット４を挟んで水圧接合した後、当該ゴムガスケット４による接合部を常法にしたがって固定し、さらに前記中断部５ａの仮固定部材５４を除去して仮固定を解除し、代わってその継手部に、設計上の大きな縮みが生じないように鋼製等のストッパーを挿入することで本継手部が構成される。
【００５０】
そして上記一連の作業を、一方の岸から他方の岸まで連続して行うことで、沈埋トンネルが施工される。
かくして施工された沈埋トンネルは、止水の確実性が高く安全性に優れた本継手部を有するため、安全性に優れたものとなる。
なお本発明の構成は、以上で説明した図の例のものには限定されず、本発明の要旨を変更しない範囲で、種々の設計変更を施すことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の可とう継手とそれを用いた継手構造の、実施の形態の一例を示す断面図である。
【図２】上記可とう継手の要部である止水部の拡大断面図である。
【図３】上記継手構造を利用した沈埋トンネルの施工方法の一工程を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１可とう継手
１０止水部
１１、１１締着部
Ｗ₁ 幅
Ｔ₁ 厚み
２、２構造物
２０目地[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides, for example, an annular flexible joint for waterproofing joints between adjacent structures, such as submerged tunnels and underdrains, while flexibly responding to unequal subsidence and relative displacement of the structures. And a joint structure between structures using the same, and a method for constructing a buried tunnel using the joint structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, joint structures described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-4919 have been widely used in order to stop the joints between the structures while flexibly responding to unequal settlement and relative displacement of the structures. Has been adopted.
That is, between the opposing end surfaces of both structures, a flexible member that is formed in an annular and elastic manner by an elastic material such as rubber or resin is attached, and the flexible member is attached to the inside from the outside of the ring. When deformed so as to bulge inward due to high water pressure, support it from the inside, multiple rod-shaped load bearing members that have the function of preventing excessive deformation of the flexible member and accompanying breakage, between structures In order not to prevent relative movement, the joint structure is arranged in such a manner that both end portions thereof are inserted in through holes formed in opposite end surfaces of both structures while allowing some sliding in the axial direction. Have been widely used.
[0003]
However, in order to assemble this joint structure, it is necessary to attach a flexible member in the narrow gap that forms the joint between the two structures, or to make it difficult to come off by relative movement of the structures in the narrow gap. The work of inserting a load bearing member that is longer than the distance between both holes, that is, the distance between the end faces of the structure, must be repeated for the number of load bearing members. There was a problem that it took.
[0004]
In addition, in the case of a culvert with a relatively small cross section, it is easy to reach the operator up to the ceiling, and the number of load bearing members required for each joint in one place is small, but it is still good. In the case of a submerged tunnel, the ceiling of the tunnel must be assembled with a scaffold and workability is poor, and the number of load-bearing members required for each joint at one location increases, which takes time and effort. This was one of the causes of cost increase when constructing a buried tunnel.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in order to simplify the joint structure and improve the assembly workability, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-184092, the whole is formed into an integral ring by an elastic material such as rubber or resin, and is formed at both ends of the ring. A flexible joint having a pair of annular fastening parts fastened to the inner surface side of each structure, and a thin annular body part between the two fastening parts having substantially the same thickness. A new joint structure was proposed.
[0006]
Such a joint structure is formed such that the main body portion of the flexible joint is formed into a bulging shape that bulges outward from the ring and is inserted into the joint between the structures, and the joint is located on the outer side of the main body portion. The joint is filled with an elastic joint material to stop the water, and a movable plate that can be rotated by a hinge is provided on the inner surface side of the flexible joint, and this movable plate is placed behind the body portion formed in a bulging shape. In the recess.
Then, the water stop by the elastic joint material is broken due to unequal subsidence or relative displacement of the structure, and the main body of the flexible joint is deformed toward the inside of the structure by the high water pressure from the outside of the ring. In this case, the movable plate is rotated accordingly, but the rotation is stopped halfway by a stopper provided on the hinge, so that further deformation of the main body is prevented. Has been.
[0007]
However, even with this structure, a large number of fixed plates each having a movable plate pivotably attached by a hinge are required for each joint at one location. There was a problem that it took time to assemble the joint structure.
In addition, in the above configuration, if a failure occurs in which the hinge stopper does not function reliably, excessive deformation of the body portion of the flexible joint to the inside of the structure and the accompanying breakage may not be prevented. As described above, since the fastening portion of the flexible joint is fastened to the inner surface side of the structure, a high water pressure from the outside of the ring is applied to the main body if there is a fastening failure even at one location. At this time, there is a problem in terms of safety, such as a possibility that a gap is formed between the fastening portion and the structure at the defective portion to cause water leakage.
[0008]
In Japanese Patent No. 2854563, the flexible joint is bulged inward in the radial direction of the ring with a flexible extending member having a thin extending portion that extends following the relative displacement of the structure. By functionally separating the flexible bearing member having a thin bulged portion formed into a bulging shape, the malfunction of the flexible joint caused by sedimentation from the outside is mainly prevented by the elongated member. The joint structure made is described.
The waterproofing between the structures is performed by a flexible strength member and a joint material such as sponge rubber filled on the inner surface side of the bulge portion of the flexible strength member.
[0009]
In such a joint structure, the fastening portion of the flexible strength member responsible for water stop is fastened to the outer surface side of the structure, and a high water pressure from the outside of the ring is applied to the bulging portion of the flexible strength member. However, since the water pressure functions in a direction in which the fastening portion is in close contact with the structure without a gap, there is no fear of water leakage.
However, the joint structure is basically a structure for culverts buried in the soil, and when a high water pressure is applied to the bulging portion of the flexible bearing member from the outside of the ring, The mechanism for preventing excessive deformation of the structure inward and the accompanying breakage (such as the rod-shaped load-bearing members described above) is not considered at all, so it is particularly applicable to submerged tunnels. When doing so, there is still a problem in terms of safety.
[0010]
The main object of the present invention is a new flexible structure that has a simpler structure than before and is easy to assemble a joint structure, and that can form a joint structure with high water-stopping reliability and excellent safety. It is to provide a joint.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a joint structure that is easy to assemble, has high reliability of water stoppage, and is excellent in safety by using the flexible joint.
[0011]
Furthermore, still another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for constructing a submerged tunnel having a joint part having high water-stopping reliability and excellent safety by adopting the joint structure described above. .
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention]
  The invention according to claim 1 is disposed on the outer surface side of a pair of adjacent structures, straddling the joint between the two structures, and water-stopping the joint. The whole is integrally made of an elastic material such as rubber or resin. An annular flexible joint formed at the ends of the ring having a pair of annular fastening portions fastened to the outer surface side of the respective structures at both ends of the ring, and adjacent pairs at the center of the ring. In addition to having an annular water stop portion that stops water by abutting on the outer surface side of both structures in a state of straddling the joint between the structures,
  The water stop portion is formed in a thick wall having a thickness of 25% or more of its width.,
  The area inside the ring from the center line of deformation due to water pressure from the outside of the ring is a layer of elastic material reinforced by mixing a predetermined amount of cut reinforcing fibers.This is a flexible joint.
[0013]
  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a pair of annular ridges that are made of an elastic material and are pressed against the structure to stop the water are provided at the portions of the water stopping portion that are in contact with the outer surface sides of both structures. The flexible joint according to claim 1, wherein the flexible joint is integrally formed..
[0014]
  Claim3The described invention is characterized in that the layer of the fiber reinforced elastic material is further reinforced by a continuous reinforcing material extending in the width direction of the water stop portion.1It is a flexible joint of description.
  Claim4In the described invention, the entire fabric is reinforced by a continuous fiber cloth from one fastening part to the other fastening part through the water stop part, and the fiber cloth is formed in the water stop part from the outside of the ring. The flexible joint according to claim 1, wherein the flexible joint is arranged on the outer side of the ring from the center line of deformation due to water pressure.
[0015]
  Claim5The invention described is a pair of thin, flexible sidewalls, each of which is reinforced by a continuous fiber cloth extending between the water stop portion and the pair of fastening portions. And the sidewall portion is 0.6 to 2 times the length along the surface of the structure between the fastening position of the fastening portion and the installation position of the water stop portion. Claims formed4It is a flexible joint of description.
[0016]
  Claim6The described invention is characterized in that a through hole for communicating a region between one side wall and the structure with a region between the other side wall and the structure is formed in the water stop portion. Claim5It is a flexible joint of description.
  Claim7The invention described is a joint structure that uses the flexible joint according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to stop joints between a pair of adjacent structures, and each of the pair of fastening portions is provided with a joint. The joint structure is characterized in that it is fastened to the outer surface side of the structure while being pressed from the outside of the ring to the inside of the ring by a pressing plate.
[0017]
  The invention according to claim 9 is a joint structure that uses the flexible joint according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to stop a joint between a pair of adjacent structures. In the state where the outer surface of the end adjacent to the joints is an inclined surface facing each other toward the inner side of the ring as it approaches the joint side, and the water stop portion of the flexible joint is straddled between the two inclined surfaces, The joint structure is characterized in that the water is stopped by contacting both inclined surfaces.
  The invention according to claim 10 is the joint structure according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a rubber gasket is disposed on at least one end face, and the joint structure is formed in the middle part in the longitudinal direction after the construction of the submerged tunnel. A submerged box with an interrupting part that was stopped with the waterproof rubber attached inside,
(1) Inside the water blocking rubber of the above interrupted part, install it on the bottom of the water in a state of being temporarily fixed so that the interval in the longitudinal direction of the interrupted part does not change,
(2) After adjoining the end faces of adjacent sinking boxes with a rubber gasket,
(3) Fix the joint with the rubber gasket and release the temporary fixing of the interrupted part.
(4) It is a construction method of a submerged tunnel characterized in that a stopper for preventing design shrinkage is inserted into the interrupted portion instead to constitute the joint portion.
[0018]
  In the flexible joint of the first aspect of the present invention, the water stop portion at the center of the ring is formed to be thick with a thickness of 25% or more of the width.In addition, a region of the water stop portion on the inner side of the ring from the center line of deformation due to water pressure from the outside of the ring is a layer of elastic material reinforced with fiber.Although it deforms to some extent by high water pressure from the outside of the ring, it has high rigidity that does not buckle or break.
  Therefore, when constructing a joint structure using the above-mentioned flexible joints, there is no need for any member that prevents excessive deformation or breakage of the water-stopping part, such as the above-mentioned load-bearing members. The structure can be simplified and the assembly can be facilitated.
[0019]
In addition, the water stop portion contacts the outer surfaces of both structures to stop water, and similarly, the joint portion is fastened to the outer surface side of the structure. When a high water pressure is applied, all of these members are more closely attached to the structure without any gap.
Therefore, the joint structure using the flexible joint has high reliability of water stoppage and excellent safety.
[0020]
  In addition, as described in claim 2, each of the water stop portions of the water contact portion that is in contact with the outer surface side of both structures is made of an elastic material, and is a pair of annular members that are pressed against the structure to stop water. In the case where the ridges are integrally formed, the ridges are compressed and deformed by being pressed against the structure, and the water stop between the water stop portion and the structure is made more reliable.
  Moreover, as described in claim 3, the region of the water stop portion on the inner side of the ring from the center line of deformation due to water pressure from the outer side of the ringProvided inOf fiber reinforced elastic materialLayer, Supplemented by continuous reinforcement across the width of the water stopStrengthenIn this case, the rigidity of the water stop portion is further improved.
[0021]
  Therefore, the above claim 23The joint structure using any of the flexible joints is further improved in safety and further improved in safety. Also,
  Claim4When the entire flexible joint is reinforced with a continuous fiber cloth from one fastening part to the other fastening part through the waterstop part, the flexible joint is While maintaining the flexibility that can cope with equal subsidence and relative displacement, it can be made strong and resistant to breakage due to damage caused by iron pieces, wood pieces, and rolling stones floating in the water.
[0022]
  And claims4Then, when the fiber cloth is deformed by the water pressure from the outer side of the ring, that is, the water stop part is deformed by the water pressure from the outer side of the ring in the water stop part. Since it arrange | positions in the position where tensile force is not added, it can also prevent that the textile fabric weak to tensile force tears at the time of the deformation | transformation of the said water stop part.
  And claims5As described above, a pair of thin-walled and flexible materials reinforced by the above-described continuous fiber cloth between the water-stopping portion and the pair of fastening portions, respectively. When connected by the annular sidewall portion, the flexible joint can more flexibly cope with unequal subsidence and relative displacement of the structure.
[0023]
  In order to prevent an excessive pulling force from being applied to the sidewall portion when a high water pressure is applied from the outside of the ring, the above claims5As described above, the sidewall portion is formed to have a width 0.6 to 2 times the length along the surface of the structure between the fastening position of the fastening portion and the installation position of the water stop portion. It is preferable to do this.
  Further claims6As described in the above, when the water stop portion is formed with a through hole that communicates the region between one side wall and the structure with the region between the other side wall and the structure, When water enters one of the regions due to damage to the wall or the fastening portion, it is introduced into the other region through the through hole.
[0024]
  For this reason, the water pressure is applied to only one of the areas and the balance of the water pressure is lost, so that the water stop portion shifts to the other area where the water pressure is not applied, or the deviation increases and stops. Since the water part can be prevented from falling into the joints between the structures, the joint structure using such a flexible joint is further improved in the reliability of water stoppage and further improved in safety. Become.
  Moreover, the claim using the said flexible joint7According to this joint structure, the pair of fastening portions are fastened to the outer surface side of the structure while being pressed from the outside of the ring to which water pressure is applied to the inside of the ring by the pressing plate. When a high water pressure is applied, the fastening part is more firmly adhered to the structure without a gap by being pressed by the pressing plate.
[0025]
  On the other hand, the outer surfaces of the ends adjacent to the joints of both structures are inclined surfaces facing each other toward the inner side of the ring as they approach the joint, and the water stop portion of the flexible joint is between the two inclined surfaces. Claims in which water is stopped by contacting both inclined surfaces in a state of being suspended8According to this joint structure, when a high water pressure is applied from the outside of the ring, the water stop portion is naturally arranged stably along the both inclined surfaces at a predetermined central position across the joint. For this reason, in any of these cases, the certainty of water stoppage is further improved, and the safety is further improved.
[0026]
  Further claims9According to the described method for constructing a buried tunnel, by adopting the joint structure described above for the joint part having an impact absorbing function, the buried tunnel with improved reliability of the joint part can be used in the same manner as in the past. There is a peculiar effect that construction can be performed by hydraulic connection.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing an example of an embodiment.
First, a flexible joint and a joint structure using the flexible joint will be described based on the examples of FIGS.
The flexible joint 1 in the illustrated example is disposed on the outer surfaces 21 and 21 side of a pair of adjacent structures 2 and 2 so as to straddle the joint 20 between both the structures 2 and 2, so that the joint 20 is attached. It is for water stopping, and is composed of an elastic material such as rubber or resin, which is integrally formed in an annular shape so as to surround the joint 20 although not shown in the figure,
A pair of annular fastening portions 11, 11 disposed at both ends of the ring,
A thick and annular water stop 10 disposed at the center of the ring for stopping water across the joint 20;
A thin and annular sidewall portion 12, 12 connecting the water stop portion 10 and the fastening portions 11, 11 at both ends;
It has.
[0028]
Of these, the water stop 10 has a width W as described above.₁25% or more of thickness T₁It is necessary to be formed in a thick wall having.
Thickness T₁Is less than the above range, the water stop portion 10 cannot have sufficient rigidity. Therefore, when a high water pressure is applied from the outside of the ring as shown by a white arrow in FIG. The part 10 is easily buckled and broken, and the certainty of water stoppage is lowered, which causes a problem in safety.
[0029]
In addition, thickness T of the water stop part 10₁In consideration of the above-mentioned rigidity problem, the handling of the flexible joint, the manufacturing cost, etc.₁It is preferably 30 to 80%, more preferably 40 to 60%.
As described above, the both ends of the inner surface of the ring, which is a part that contacts the both structures 2 and 2, of the water stop portion 10 are compressed and deformed when pressed against the structures 2 and 2, respectively. A pair of annular ridges 10a and 10a, which function to increase the waterstop, are integrally formed.
[0030]
In order to increase the rigidity of the water stop portion 10, as described above, the region on the inner side of the ring from the center line of deformation due to the water pressure from the outside of the ring, that is, below the one-dot chain line FF in FIG. The annular region is a layer 101 of elastic material reinforced with fibers.
The layer 101 is formed of a mixed material obtained by mixing a predetermined amount of reinforcing fibers in an elastic material.
As such a mixed material, for example, a material obtained by finely cutting a rubberized topping rubber material used for manufacturing an automobile tire and applying a shearing force to form a mixture of rubber and fiber is suitably used. used.
[0031]
As the elastic material, for example, natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), butyl rubber (IIR), isoprene rubber (IR) and the like used for automobile tires are mainly used. Rubber such as ethylene propylene diene copolymer rubber (EPDM), nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorinated rubber, urethane rubber, acrylic rubber, fluoro rubber, silicone rubber, or soft such as vinyl chloride, ethylene propylene resin, soft epoxy resin Resin etc. can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more having compatibility with each other.
[0032]
In the elastic material, reinforcing fillers such as carbon black and silica and additives such as anti-aging agents can be blended according to a conventional method. Further, the rubber is vulcanized by a predetermined vulcanization method after blending a vulcanizing agent, a vulcanization accelerator, a curing agent and the like and molding.
Examples of the reinforcing fiber include polyester, rayon, polypropylene, aramid, vinylon, cotton, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and other filaments or twisted yarn.
[0033]
The thickness of the reinforcing fiber is preferably in the range of about 0.05 to 4 mm, particularly in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm. The length of the cut reinforcing fiber is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 mm, particularly in the range of 5 to 20 mm.
The amount of the reinforcing fiber is preferably in the range of 3 to 50% by volume of the entire mixed material, although it depends on the type and amount of the elastic material and additive. If the amount of the reinforcing fiber is less than this, there is a possibility that the effect of increasing the rigidity of the water stop portion 10 by the layer 101 may not be obtained sufficiently. There exists a possibility that the softness | flexibility of the water part 10 may become low.
[0034]
In the example of the figure, a continuous reinforcing material R that extends over almost the entire width in the width direction (left and right direction in the figure) of the water stop portion 10 in the layer 101.₁Is buried.
Reinforcing material R₁Examples thereof include aromatic polyamide fiber materials, steel cords, iron plates and the like. In particular, aromatic polyamide fiber materials having corrosion resistance that can withstand use for several decades are preferably used.
By arranging a large number of these wires and plates parallel to the axial direction of the ring and at equal intervals and arranged in an aligned state, the followability of the flexible joint 1 to the outer shape of the structure 2 is maintained. However, the rigidity of the layer 101 and by extension, the entire water blocking part 10 is reinforced.
[0035]
For example, when using an aromatic polyamide fiber material (trade name: Kevlar) with a thickness of 1500 denier, the water stop portion can be obtained by aligning approximately 35 aromatic polyamide fiber materials per 50 mm width in the circumferential direction of the ring. Ten stiffnesses are reinforced.
Such reinforcement R₁By embedding and reinforcing, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the layer 101 described above as compared with the case of not reinforcing.
Further, as described above, the layer 101 is formed with a through hole 10b that connects regions before and after the water stop portion 10. Although only one through hole 10b is shown in the figure, in practice, it is preferable that a plurality of through holes 10b are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the ring.
[0036]
In the case where the through hole 10b is formed in the highly rigid layer 101 as described above, there is no possibility of being crushed even if the water stop portion 10 is compressed by receiving water pressure.
For this reason, the through-hole 10b may be formed by, for example, using a drill or the like after the formation of the layer 101. However, the through hole 10b may be formed by embedding a pipe at a predetermined position during molding. In that case, the pipe functions as a reinforcement of the through hole 10b.
[0037]
An area outside the ring from the center line FF of deformation due to water pressure from the outside of the ring 10, that is, an annular area 102 outside the layer 101 (upper side in the drawing), and an outer surface of the ring A pair of side wall portions 12 and 12 connected to both ends of each of the two and the fastening portions 11 and 11 provided at the tips of the respective side wall portions 12 and 12, together with the ridges 10a and 10a, have a normal elasticity. It is made of material.
Further, among the above, both the fastening portions 11, 11, the sidewall portions 12, 12, and the region 102 are continuous fiber cloths R from one fastening portion 11 to the other fastening portion 11.₂The whole is reinforced.
[0038]
Textile cloth R₂For example, a cotton cloth or the like usually used for such purposes can be used.
Above fiber cloth R₂However, it is arranged in the region 102 of the water stop portion 10 that the fabric cloth R that is weak in tensile force when the water stop portion 10 is deformed as described above.₂This is to prevent tearing. Therefore, as shown in the figure, it is preferable that the fiber cloth is disposed as far as possible in the region 102 as far as possible from the center line F-F of deformation due to water pressure from the outside of the ring (upper side in the figure).
[0039]
Side wall parts 12 and 12 are fiber cloth R₂Has a three-layer structure in which both surfaces are sandwiched between layers of an elastic material. Such sidewall portions 12, 12 are made of fiber cloth R as in the above structure.₂A fiber cloth R which is thermoformed by sandwiching both sides of an elastic material, or vulcanized in the case of rubber, or rubberized₂Is formed by vulcanization molding.
The sidewall portions 12 and 12 have a length along the surfaces of the structures 2 and 2 between the fastening position of the fastening portions 11 and 11 and the installation position of the water stop portion 10 as described above (FIG. 1). Medium L₁) Is preferably 0.6 to 2 times as wide as the above.
[0040]
If the width of the sidewall portions 12 and 12 is less than the above range, a tension is applied to the sidewall portions 12 and 12 when the joint structure is configured by being attached between the pair of structures 2 and 2. For this reason, when a high water pressure is applied from the outside of the ring, an excessive tensile force is applied to the sidewall portions 12 and 12, which may cause damage.
On the other hand, when the width exceeds the above range, the workability of attachment may be deteriorated. However, since it folds naturally by the water pressure after installation, no particular problem occurs.
[0041]
In addition, the width of the sidewall portions 12 and 12 is particularly the length L within the above range.₁It is preferable that it is in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 times.
The fastening portions 11 and 11 are made of the fiber cloth R₂Fibers reinforced with metal wires or other reinforcing wires 11a, 11a at both ends and thermoformed with a layer of elastic material as described above, or vulcanized in the case of rubber, or rubberized Cloth R₂Is formed as a ridge having a thicker wall than the sidewall portions 12 and 12.
[0042]
The flexible joint 1 can be configured by thermoforming or vulcanizing each of the above parts separately and assembling them by thermal bonding, vulcanization bonding, or the like, and connecting them in a ring shape by the same bonding method.
However, in the case of rubber, for example, various materials constituting these members are filled in a predetermined position in the mold corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the flexible joint 1 and subjected to primary vulcanization, so that the above cross-sectional shape is obtained. A plurality of members having a predetermined length are manufactured, and the operation of secondary vulcanization is repeated while connecting them by vulcanization adhesion in a connecting mold corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the flexible joint 1. Finishing in an annular shape is preferable in terms of overall strength and the like.
[0043]
In the joint structure of FIG. 1 using the flexible joint 1, the outer surfaces 21, 21 of the pair of adjacent structures 2, 2 are recessed inward one step over the entire circumference of the outer surfaces 21, 21. Annular fastening step surfaces 22 and 22 are provided, and the fastening parts 11 and 11 of the flexible joint 1 are fastened to the inside of the ring by pressing from the outside of the ring to the inside of the ring by the pressing plates 31 and 31, respectively. Yes.
Specifically, bolts 32 and 32 projecting outward from the fastening cross sections 22 and 22 are inserted into through holes (not shown) of the press plates 31 and 31, and the fastening step surfaces 22 and 22 and the press plate 31 are inserted. The end portions of the sidewall portions 12 and 12 including the fastening portions 11 and 11 and the retaining plates 34 and 34 are sandwiched between the nuts 33 and 33, and the nuts 33 and 33 are screwed and tightened from above. Then, while pressing the fastening portions 11 and 11 and the sidewall portions 12 and 12 in the vicinity thereof as described above, the fastening portions 11 and 11 and the retaining plates 34 and 34 are engaged with each other. The fastening portions 11 and 11 are fastened to the fastening step surfaces 22 and 22.
[0044]
If comprised in this way, when the high water pressure is applied from the outside of the ring as described above, the fastening portions 11, 11 are pressed against the fastening step surfaces 22, 22 by being pressed by the pressing plates 31, 31. On the other hand, since it adheres more firmly without a gap, the certainty of water stop is further improved, and the joint structure is further improved in safety.
Further, in the joint structure shown in the figure, a further indentation is formed on the end of the structure 2 further on the joint 20 side than the fastening cross sections 22 and 22, and further inwardly on the entire circumference of the fastening step surfaces 22 and 22. The annular water-stopping step surfaces 23 and 23 are provided as inclined surfaces facing each other toward the inside of the ring as they approach the joint 20, and the water-stopping portion 10 of the flexible joint 1 is connected to the joint 20. The water is stopped by making contact.
[0045]
With this configuration, when a high water pressure is applied from the outside of the ring as described above, the water stopping portion 10 naturally crosses the joint 20 along the slopes of the both water stopping step surfaces 23 and 23. Therefore, the certainty of water stoppage is further improved, and the joint structure is further improved in safety.
Next, the construction method of the submerged tunnel of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.
[0046]
In such construction method, first, the above joint structure, which becomes the main joint part after construction of the submerged tunnel, in the middle part of the longitudinal direction of the submerged box 5 in which the rubber gasket 4 is disposed on at least one end face, The interruption part which stopped with the attached water stop rubber 6 is provided.
That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the joint 20 between the two structures 2 and 2 constituting the submerged box 5 is connected by the joint structure by the flexible joint 1 described above, and the joint structure is floated in water. In order to protect it from iron pieces, wood pieces, rolling stones, and the like, the recess 50 in which the joint structure is formed is covered with a cover 51 such as an iron plate. At this time, the cover 51 is fixed by spot welding at least one of the structures 2 so that water enters the recess 50.
[0047]
Next, the ring-shaped waterproofing rubber 6 is attached to the ring inner surfaces 24, 24 of the structures 2, 2 in a state of straddling the joint 20.
This water-stopping rubber 6 has a semicircular cross section and a cylindrical mounting portion 62, 62 extending outward from both ends of the annular main body 61, and the same as in the case of the flexible joint 1, The annular fastening portions 63 and 63 are formed. The fastening portions 63 and 63 are fastened while being pressed from the inside of the ring to the outside of the ring by the pressing plates 35 and 35, respectively. Attached to the inner surfaces 24, 24.
[0048]
Specifically, bolts 36, 36 projecting inward from the ring inner surfaces 24, 24 are inserted into through holes (not shown) of the press plates 35, 35, and the ring inner surfaces 24, 24 and the press plates 35, 35 The mounting portions 62 and 62 including the fastening portions 63 and 63 and the retaining plates 37 and 37 are sandwiched between the nuts 38 and 38, and the nuts 38 and 38 are screwed and tightened to tighten them as described above. By engaging the fastening parts 63, 63 and the retaining plates 37, 37 while pressing the attachment parts 62, 62 including the fastening parts 63, 63, the fastening parts 63, 63 are connected to the inner surface of the ring. Fastened to 24, 24.
[0049]
Next, in the interruption portion 5a of the submerged box 5 configured as described above, a temporary fixing member 54 is interposed between the opposing surfaces of the two structures 2 and 2 inside the water-stopping rubber 6. Thus, the interruption portion 5a is temporarily fixed so that the interval in the longitudinal direction does not expand and contract.
The work so far is done on the ground or on the water.
Next, the sinking box 5 is installed on the bottom of the water, and the end faces 5b and 5b of the adjacent sinking boxes 5 and 5 facing each other are hydraulically bonded with the rubber gasket 4 interposed therebetween. Then, the temporary fixing member 54 of the interruption portion 5a is removed to release the temporary fixing, and a stopper made of steel or the like is inserted into the joint portion so that a large design shrinkage does not occur. By doing so, the joint portion is configured.
[0050]
And a submerged tunnel is constructed by carrying out the above series of operations continuously from one shore to the other.
The submerged tunnel thus constructed has excellent safety because it has the joint part with high reliability of water stoppage and excellent safety.
The configuration of the present invention is not limited to the example shown in the drawings described above, and various design changes can be made without changing the gist of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an embodiment of a flexible joint of the present invention and a joint structure using the same.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a water stop portion that is a main part of the flexible joint.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing one step of a method for constructing a submerged tunnel using the joint structure.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Flexible joint
10 Water stop
11, 11 Fastening part
W₁  width
T₁  Thickness
2, 2 structure
20 joints

Claims

An annular flexible body formed integrally with an elastic material such as rubber or resin, arranged on the outer surface side of a pair of adjacent structures, straddling the joint between both structures, and stopping the joint. A joint, which has a pair of annular fastening portions fastened to the outer surface side of each structure at both ends of the ring, and spans the joint between a pair of adjacent structures at the center of the ring. And having an annular water stop portion that stops water by being in contact with the outer surface sides of both structures,
The water stop portion is formed into a thick wall having a thickness of 25% or more of its width ,
A region of the water stop portion on the inner side of the ring from the center line of deformation due to water pressure from the outside of the ring is a layer of elastic material reinforced by mixing a predetermined amount of cut reinforcing fibers. And flexible joints.

Each of the portions of the water stop portion that are in contact with the outer surface sides of both structures is made of an elastic material and is integrally formed with a pair of annular ridges that are pressed against the structure to stop the water. The flexible joint according to claim 1.

Layer of fibers reinforced elastic material, across the width direction of the waterproof part, flexible joint according to claim 1, characterized in that it is further reinforced by a continuous reinforcing material.

The entire fabric is reinforced by a continuous fiber cloth from one fastening part to the other fastening part, and the textile cloth is deformed by water pressure from the outside of the ring at the water stopping part. The flexible joint according to claim 1, wherein the flexible joint is disposed on the outer side of the ring from the center line.

The water-stop portion and the pair of fastening portions are respectively connected by a pair of thin and flexible side wall portions that are reinforced by a continuous fiber cloth extending between the fastening portions. In addition, the sidewall portion is formed to have a width of 0.6 to 2 times the length along the surface of the structure between the fastening position of the fastening portion and the installation position of the water stop portion. The flexible joint according to claim 4, characterized in that:

The through-hole which connects the area | region between one side wall and a structure with the area | region between the other side wall and a structure is formed in the water stop part of Claim 5 characterized by the above-mentioned. Flexible joint.

A joint structure that uses the flexible joint according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to stop a joint between a pair of adjacent structures, and each of the pair of fastening portions from the outside of the ring, A joint structure characterized by being fastened to the outer surface side of the structure while being pressed inward by the presser plate.

A joint structure for water-stopping a joint between a pair of adjacent structures using the flexible joint according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each structure has an end portion adjacent to the joint. The outer surface is an inclined surface facing each other toward the inside of the ring as it approaches the joint, and the water stop portion of the flexible joint is in contact with both inclined surfaces while straddling the two inclined surfaces. A joint structure characterized by water stopping.

9. A joint structure according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein a rubber gasket is disposed on at least one end face, and becomes a main joint part after construction of a submerged tunnel at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction, and a main waterproof rubber attached to the inside of the joint structure. A submerged box with an interrupting part that stopped with
(1) Inside the water blocking rubber of the above interrupted part, install it on the bottom of the water in a state of being temporarily fixed so that the interval in the longitudinal direction of the interrupted part does not change,
(2) After adjoining the end faces of adjacent sinking boxes with a rubber gasket,
(3) Fix the joint with the rubber gasket and release the temporary fixing of the interrupted part.
(4) A method for constructing a submerged tunnel, characterized in that, instead, a stopper for preventing design shrinkage is inserted into the interrupted portion to constitute the joint portion.