JP4325039B2 - Seismic control method for structures - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a seismic control method for reducing the vibration of a structure caused by earthquakes, winds, mechanical vibrations, or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there is known a seismic control structure in which a vibration control device having a variable damping mechanism is installed in a structure via an additional seismic element such as a brace to reduce the response (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-45781, Japanese Patent Application). (Refer to Hei 10-37175 etc.)
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-131544 discloses that an independent frame attached to the structure main body is provided due to restrictions on installation of the vibration control device in the structure, and the active structure is provided between the structure main body and the independent frame. The thing which arranged the damping device is indicated.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The invention described in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-45781 is intended to reduce the response by giving a damping force to the structure by controlling the variable damping device installed in the structure. Therefore, the structural restriction range (the range of the parallelogram in the figure) shown by the load-deformation relationship in FIG. 9 cannot be exceeded. The same applies when a passive damper is used as a vibration control device.
[0004]
Further, the invention described in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-37157, which is an earlier application of the applicant, has a structure in which a variable damping device installed in a structure is controlled so as to increase the vibration of an additional seismic element such as a brace. Although it reduces the response of objects, a vibration control device with very high reaction speed performance is required to increase the vibration of the ultra-short period structure, which is an additional seismic element.
[0005]
The invention described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-131544 is mainly intended to solve problems relating to the installation space of the vibration control device, and the control method is not particularly limited and is not mentioned.
[0006]
The present invention is more feasible by controlling the vibration energy of the target structure in the other structure having a much longer period than that of the additional seismic element, etc., and controlling it with the vibration control device so that it is consumed. The object of the present invention is to provide a concrete vibration control method capable of efficiently reducing vibration of the target structure.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The structure damping method according to claim 1 of the present application includes a damping device between a plurality of structures, and controls a connection state between the structures by the damping device. The vibration energy of the structure is stored in another structure via the vibration control device , consumed by the other structure, and the vibration of one or more structures is reduced. .
[0008]
Each structure generally has different natural periods depending on its height and cross-sectional shape, and the vibration characteristics of one structure also differ depending on the direction.
[0009]
Conventionally, vibration energy is absorbed by interposing a passive damper such as an oil damper between a plurality of structures having different vibration characteristics. In the present invention, active control is performed between structures. The vibration energy of the structure to be controlled can be reduced to another structure by interposing a type of vibration control device and changing its connection state (for example, it can be locked, unlocked, or intermediate connection state). It is stored in things and consumed.
[0010]
When control by a vibration control device is required, (1) when an external vibration force such as an earthquake or wind is input (for example, when a response exceeding a predetermined value of a structure is detected by a sensor), (2) an earthquake When a remote seismometer or the like is detected in advance and the earthquake input or response is predicted and controlled by a computer, etc., (3) the vibration source is inside the structure (mechanical vibration, etc.). The case where it controls is mentioned.
[0011]
When the structure to be subjected to vibration suppression is a structure having a large vibration among a plurality of structures, it is conceivable that vibration energy is stored and consumed in a structure having a relatively small vibration.
[0012]
Moreover, the structure subject to vibration suppression does not necessarily need to be a structure with large shaking, and it is conceivable to reduce the shaking of an important structure by using a structure that is relatively unimportant. In addition, various combinations can be considered in consideration of the relationship between structures such as the main structure and attached structures, or the building body and equipment.
[0013]
A structure damping method according to claim 2 of the present application is a state in which a structure is connected between a plurality of structures having different natural periods and when an earthquake external force is input, By controlling the vibration energy of the structure to be controlled, the vibration energy of the structure is stored in another structure via the vibration control device and consumed by the other structure. It is characterized by reducing.
[0014]
Claim 2 can be considered as an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1, and for example, by storing and consuming vibration energy of a structure with large shaking in a structure with little shaking against an earthquake external force, Highly important structures by reducing the response of large structures and storing and consuming the vibration energy of highly important structures in less important structures regardless of the magnitude of shaking There is a case of reducing the response.
[0015]
A structure damping method according to claim 3 of the present application is to install a damping device between a plurality of structures, and to control a connection state between the structures by the damping device when an external wind force is input. The vibration energy of the structure subject to vibration control is stored in another structure via the vibration control device , consumed by the other structure, and the vibration of one or more structures is reduced. It is characterized by.
[0016]
Similarly to claim 2, claim 3 can also be considered as a form of the invention according to claim 1, and in particular, when considering vibration control against wind force, a structure with a high height that generally increases shaking The vibration energy of a structure where vibration in the direction perpendicular to the wind direction is excited by the planar shape is stored in another structure when the structure is reduced using a structure with a low height, and the vibration is reduced. In addition, when the vibration energy of a structure with high importance is stored in a structure with less importance and consumed, the response of the structure with high importance is reduced. It becomes.
[0017]
Claim 4 is the structure damping method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of structures are a main structure and an attached structure provided separately from the main structure, A vibration control device is installed between the attached structure and the vibration energy of the main structure subject to vibration control is stored in the attached structure via the vibration control device and consumed by the attached structure. This is a case of reducing the vibration of the structure.
[0018]
The attached structure here is not limited to one having a specific function and application as a part of a building, for example, and may be only for a seismic control function.
[0019]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling a structure according to the first aspect, wherein the plurality of structures are a building main body and equipment or a storage stand independent from the building main body. the vibration control device between the housing frame is installed, the vibration energy of the equipment or housing frame as a target of vibration control, stored in the building body via the vibration control device, by dissipating 該建Ya body, equipment Or it is a case where the vibration of a storage stand is reduced.
[0020]
The equipment and the storage stand may be provided outside the building main body or inside the building main body.
[0021]
Claim 6 is the structure damping method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the response speed (dx ₁ (t) / dt) of the structure to be controlled and the structure The speed (dx _D (t) / dt) [= (dx ₁ (t) / dt) − (dx ₂ (t) / dt) between both ends of the damping device installed in between, where (dx ₂ (t ) / Dt) is the response speed of the structure to which the control device is connected]
When satisfying both of the following formulas (1) and (2), the connection state of the vibration control device is set to the locked (connected) state, and when either one is not satisfied, the unlocked (unconnected) state is set. The control of switching to is performed.
[0022]
(Dx ₁ (t) / dt) × (dx _D (t) / dt) ≧ 0 (1)
| Dx ₁ (t) / dt |> ε (2)
Here, ε is 0 or a minute amount close to 0 (for example, arbitrarily set at about 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm / s).
[0023]
Claim 6 gives one of the specific control laws, and according to the timing when the plus / minus sign changes for the response speed of the structure to be controlled and the speed between both ends of the control system. This switches the connection status of the vibration control device.
[0024]
A seventh aspect of the present invention is a case where the following formula (3) is used in place of the formula (2) in the structural vibration control method according to the sixth aspect.
[0025]
(Dx ₁ (t) / dt) × (dx ₁ (t−Δt)) / dt)> 0 (3)
Here, Δt is a speed information sampling time.
[0026]
The basic concept of claim 7 is substantially the same as that of claim 6, and the sampling time factor is taken into the determination. In addition, various modifications can be made to the formula that gives the control law depending on the performance of the vibration control device and sensor, the computer for control, and the like.
[0027]
Claim 8 is the structure damping method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein when the connection state of the vibration control device is switched, a buffer range is set to avoid a sudden change in the connection state, and the connection state is gradually changed. It will be switched to.
[0028]
Claim 9 is the structure damping method according to claim 8, wherein the buffer range is set to a response speed (dx ₁ (t) / dt) of the structure to be controlled.
| (Dx ₁ (t) / dt) | ≦ Φ (4)
Within this range, the connection state of the vibration control device is switched so as to satisfy the following formula (5).
[0029]
F (t) = | Fφ / Φ | × (dx ₁ (t) / dt) (5)
Here, F (t) is the force applied to the vibration control device, Φ is a buffer range width arbitrarily set in the design (for example, about 0.5 cm / s), and Fφ is buffered by (dx ₁ (t) / dt) This is the force applied to the vibration control device when entering the range.
[0030]
In the invention according to claim 8, since a sudden change in the connection state is difficult in terms of the function of the vibration control device or leads to a temporary increase in load, a buffer range is provided and the switching is performed gradually. To achieve smooth vibration control.
[0031]
Claim 9 gives an example of a specific control law in that case.
[0032]
In addition, when the force F (t) applied to the vibration control device reaches the maximum value F _max set arbitrarily in the design so that a load exceeding the capacity is not applied to the vibration control device, more force is applied. It is conceivable to provide a vibration control device with a load limiting mechanism for preventing this.
[0033]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 schematically shows an arrangement of a plurality of structures and a vibration control device in one embodiment of a structure vibration control method according to claims 1 to 3 of the present application.
[0034]
In FIG. 1, three structures A, B, and C are connected by an active control type vibration control device 1, and as one case, the structure A has a large plane area and a low height. A structure having a relatively short natural period, a structure B having a small plane area, a high height, and a structure having a relatively long natural period, and the structure C having an intermediate dimension and vibration characteristics. Is assumed.
[0035]
When the seismic external force in claim 2 is input, the natural period is structure A <structure C <structure B, so that the seismic control device 1 is connected for an earthquake having an excellent short period component. By controlling, the vibration energy is stored and consumed in the structure B with relatively little shaking, and the vibration energy is stored and consumed in the structure A with relatively little shaking for an earthquake having a long period component. Thus, vibrations of other structures can be efficiently reduced.
[0036]
Further, when the wind force in the third aspect is inputted, the height of the building is such that the structure A <the structure C <the structure B. Therefore, the vibration energy is stored and consumed in the structure A with relatively little shaking. Thus, vibrations of other structures can be efficiently reduced.
[0037]
As shown in this example, in the present invention, a structure that is a target of vibration reduction, or a specific structure that stores and consumes vibration energy, can be a plurality of structures.
[0038]
2 to 5 schematically show the arrangement of the main structure, the attached structure, and the vibration control device in an embodiment of the structure vibration control method according to claim 4 of the present application. In both cases, the main structure 2 is the target structure for vibration reduction. By controlling the connection state of the vibration control device 1, the vibration energy is stored and consumed in the attached structure 3. The vibration of the structure 2 can be reduced.
[0039]
In FIG. 2, an auxiliary structure 3 having an L-shaped horizontal cross section is arranged outside the corner of the main structure 2, and the main structure 2 and the auxiliary structure 3 are connected by a vibration control device 1 in two horizontal directions. The connection state is controlled.
[0040]
In FIG. 3, the accessory structures 3 are arranged on four surfaces of the main structure 2, and each is connected by a vibration control device 1 in one horizontal direction so that it can be controlled in two horizontal directions as a whole.
[0041]
FIG. 4 shows a case in which the main structure 2 is arranged so that the entire circumference and the upper part of the main structure 2 are surrounded by the attached structure 3, and the vibration control device 1 is also provided on the upper part.
[0042]
FIG. 5 shows an example in which the accessory structure 3 is provided inside the main structure 2, contrary to the case of FIG. 4. Examples of providing the accessory structure 3 inside the main structure 2 include, for example, a case where a monument or the like as the accessory structure 3 is installed in the atrium space of the building that is the main structure 2.
[0043]
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the structure damping method according to claim 5 of the present application. In the relationship between the building body 4 and the equipment 5, the damping device 1 is interposed between the two, The vibration energy of the equipment 5 is stored in the building body 4 and consumed, and the vibration of the equipment 5 is reduced.
[0044]
Examples of the equipment 5 in this case include an information processing facility such as a computer, a turbine or boiler vessel in a thermal power plant building, a reactor containment vessel in a nuclear power plant building, and the like.
[0045]
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the structure damping method according to claim 5 of the present application. The damping device 1 is installed between the building body 4 and the storage frame 6 independent of the building body. Installed, the vibration energy of the storage gantry 6 is stored in the building body 4 and consumed, and the vibration of the storage gantry 6 is reduced.
[0046]
Although the structure is similar to that of FIG. 5, FIG. 6 is a case where the vibration reduction of the storage frame 6 is prioritized over the vibration reduction of the building body 4 corresponding to the main structure 2 of FIG. 5. The object of is in the reverse relationship.
[0047]
FIG. 8 shows in principle the structure of a hydraulic damper type variable damping device as an example of a vibration control device used in the present invention. This example is a case of a double rod type, and a flow rate control valve 15 is provided in a flow path 14 that connects oil chambers 13 on both sides of a piston 12 that moves in a cylinder 11, and when the flow rate control valve 15 is closed, a fixed state ( Lock), when the flow control valve 15 is fully opened, it becomes free (unlocked). When it is desired to continuously change the connection state, the opening degree of the flow control valve 15 is adjusted.
[0048]
When used as the vibration control device 1 in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 5, for example, the cylinder 11 side is fixed to the main structure 2 and the piston rod 12 a side is fixed to the attached structure 3 side. Or vice versa.
[0049]
FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the force applied to the vibration control device obtained by the control method according to claims 6 and 7 (control force) and the deformation of the target structure for vibration reduction (here, the main structure). It is shown in the form of a displacement history loop.
[0050]
In this example, a load limiting mechanism is provided so that the control force F (t) does not increase beyond the set maximum value F _max .
[0051]
In the figure, the size of the area surrounded by the history loop represents the amount of additional attenuation to the main structure, that is, the vibration energy reduction amount of the main structure, and the vibration control method according to the present invention is different from the conventional method. It can be read that it has a large vibration reduction effect in comparison.
[0052]
Next, an analysis simulation example is shown. FIG. 10 shows an analysis model, which is a basic model in which the main structure and the attached structure are replaced with a one-degree-of-freedom system and connected by a vibration control device. The analysis specifications are shown below.
[0053]
Mass of main structure m ₁ : 980 ton
Rigidity k ₁ of main structure: 39.5 ton / cm
Mass m ₂ of the accessory structure: (m _1/4) ton
Attachment structure rigidity k ₂ : 4k ₁ ton / cm
Device setting maximum force F _max : 100 ton
The natural periods of the main structure and the attached structure are 1 sec and 0.25 sec (period ratio 4), respectively. In addition, assuming a damping constant of 2% for each primary natural period, a sine wave having a period of 1 sec and a maximum value of 100 cm / s ² was adopted as the ground motion input acceleration.
[0054]
Moreover, in order to confirm the effect of the seismic control method of this invention, the analysis at the time of using a passive damper for a seismic control apparatus was also implemented simultaneously as a comparison.
[0055]
Next, a supplementary explanation from the physical aspect will be given regarding the relationship between claim 6 and FIGS.
[0056]
Assuming that point a in FIG. 9 is a vibration start point, the vibration control device is locked from point a to point b to point c, which is the maximum point of vibration displacement. Naturally, in that range, the main structure and the attached structure are deformed (moved together).
[0057]
According to the formula of claim 6, in the interval b, x ₁ = x ₂ > ε, dx ₁ (t) / dt = dx ₂ (t) / dt> ε, dx _D (t) / dt = ε Therefore, both conditions (1) and (2) are satisfied, that is, the lock condition is satisfied.
[0058]
Then, unlocking is performed at the point c which is the maximum displacement point (or the speed code switching point, that is, the point of speed 0). Of course, after that, the main structure and the attached structure will move separately.
[0059]
According to the formula of claim 6, at point c, x ₁ = x ₂ = x _max , dx ₁ (t) / dt = dx ₂ (t) / dt = ε, dx _D (t) / dt = ε Therefore, the condition of the expression (1) is satisfied, but the condition of the expression (2) is not satisfied, that is, unlocking is performed.
[0060]
Then, after d, the main structure and the attached structure are locked at a point e where the speeds of the main structure and the attached structure become equal (that is, the apparatus speed representing the relative speed therebetween becomes 0). Here, the natural period T ₁ of the main structure> the natural period T ₂ of the attached structure.
[0061]
According to the expression of claim 6, dx ₂ (t) / dt <dx ₁ (t) / dt <ε and dx _D (t) / dt> 0 in the interval d (dx _D (t) / dt Only the positive value), the condition of the expression (2) is satisfied, but the condition of the expression (1) is not satisfied, that is, it remains unlocked.
[0062]
When the point e is reached, dx ₁ (t) / dt = dx ₂ (t) / dt> ε and dx _D (t) / dt = ε, so both of the formulas ( ₁ ) and ( ₂ ) Meet the conditions and become a lock.
[0063]
Then, again, the main structure and the attached structure move together to reach point f in FIG. Thereafter, the connection state of the vibration control device is controlled so as to repeat the same behavior from point a to point f.
[0064]
FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the deformation of the main structure and the force applied to the vibration control device (control force) at that time. As described above, the control force F (t) exceeds the set maximum value F _max . By providing a load limiting mechanism so as not to increase, and controlling the connection state of the vibration control device so as to follow the equations (1) and (2) of claim 6, the hysteresis loop as shown in FIG. I will draw.
[0065]
FIG. 11 shows a response time history waveform. Comparing the analysis results of the present invention and the passive damper, the maximum value of the control force is almost the same, but the deformation of the main structure is better by the seismic control method of the present invention. It can be seen that it is greatly reduced.
[0066]
FIG. 12 shows a hysteresis loop of the control force and the deformation of the main structure. According to the vibration control method of the present invention, the deformation of the main structure is greatly reduced, and the shape as shown in FIG. 9 is drawn. It will be.
[0067]
【The invention's effect】
In the seismic control method of the present invention, vibration can be more efficiently reduced by actively controlling the vibration energy of the target structure in another structure and actively controlling it using the seismic control device.
[0068]
In addition, when adding a vibration control function against external forces such as earthquakes and winds as a renewal of an existing structure, it is applied without changing the inside of the structure of the target structure because a vibration control device is installed between multiple structures. can do.
[0069]
The invention of the present application installs a vibration control device between a plurality of structures, and the vibration energy of the target structure is stored in a specific structure having a much longer period than that of an additional seismic element such as a brace. It controls the equipment and can use existing seismic control equipment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an elevational view schematically showing the arrangement of a plurality of structures and a vibration control device in an embodiment of a structure vibration control method according to claims 1 to 3 of the present application;
FIG. 2 schematically shows an arrangement of a main structure, an attached structure, and a vibration control device in an embodiment of a structure vibration control method according to claim 4 of the present application, in which (a) is an elevation surface; Figure (b) is a plan view.
FIG. 3 schematically shows the arrangement of a main structure, an attached structure, and a vibration control device in another embodiment of the structure vibration control method according to claim 4 of the present application. A plane view and (b) are plan views.
FIG. 4 schematically shows the arrangement of a main structure, an attached structure, and a vibration control device in still another embodiment of the structure vibration control method according to claim 4 of the present application. Elevated view, (b) is a plan view.
FIG. 5 schematically shows an arrangement of a main structure, an attached structure, and a vibration control device in still another embodiment of the structure vibration control method according to claim 4 of the present application. Elevated view, (b) is a plan view.
FIG. 6 is an elevation view schematically showing an arrangement of a building body, equipment, and a vibration control device in an embodiment of a structure vibration control method according to claim 5 of the present application;
FIG. 7 is an elevational view schematically showing an arrangement of a building main body, a storage stand, and a vibration control device in another embodiment of the structure vibration control method according to claim 5 of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a principle diagram showing the structure of a hydraulic damper type variable damping device as an example of a vibration control device used in the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a comparison between the conventional control method and the control method according to the present invention regarding the relationship between the force applied to the vibration control device (control force) and the deformation of the main structure to be controlled.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an analysis model of a structure or the like in the vibration control method of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a comparison of control by a conventional passive damper and control in the present invention. (A) is a response time history waveform of deformation of a main structure to be controlled, and (b) is a main structure. (C) is a graph of the force applied to the vibration control device (control force).
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the force applied to the vibration control device (control force) and the deformation of the main structure to be controlled; (a) is the control method of the present invention, (b) is This is a case of a control method using a conventional passive damper.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Damping device, 2 ... Main structure, 3 ... Attached structure, 4 ... Building main body, 5 ... Equipment, 6 ... Storage stand, 11 ... Cylinder, 12 ... Piston, 12a ... Piston rod, 13 ... Oil chamber , 14 ... flow path, 15 ... flow control valve

Claims (9)

By installing a vibration control device between multiple structures and controlling the connection state between the structures by the vibration control device, the vibration energy of the structure subject to vibration control is transmitted via the vibration control device. A structure damping method, characterized in that the structure is stored in another structure, consumed by the other structure, and vibration of one or more structures is reduced. When a seismic control device is installed between multiple structures with different natural periods and the external force of the earthquake is input, the connection state between the structures is controlled by the seismic control device. A vibration control method for a structure, characterized in that vibration energy is stored in another structure via the vibration control device , consumed by the other structure, and vibration of one or more structures is reduced. When installing a damping device between multiple structures and inputting wind external force, by controlling the connection state between the structures by the damping device, the vibration energy of the structure to be controlled is reduced. A structure damping method, characterized in that the structure is stored in another structure via the vibration control device , consumed by the other structure, and vibration of one or more structures is reduced. The plurality of structures are a main structure and an attached structure provided separately from the main structure, and a vibration control device is installed between the main structure and the attached structure, and the object of vibration control The vibration control method for a structure according to claim 1, wherein the vibration energy of the main structure is stored in the attached structure via the vibration control device , consumed by the attached structure , and the vibration of the main structure is reduced. . The plurality of structures are a building main body and equipment or a storage stand independent of the building main body, and a vibration control device is installed between the building main body and the equipment or the storage stand, the vibration energy of the equipment or storage platform becomes the vibration control stored in the building body via a device, by dissipating 該建Ya body, seismic control of the equipment or structure according to claim 1, wherein reducing the vibration of the housing frame Method. Response speed (dx ₁ (t) / dt) of the structure to be controlled, and speed (dx _D (t) / dt) [= (dx ₁ ( t) / dt)-(dx ₂ (t) / dt), where (dx ₂ (t) / dt) is the response speed of the structure to which the vibration control device is connected]
When satisfying both of the following formulas (1) and (2), the connection state of the vibration control device is set to the locked (connected) state, and when either one is not satisfied, the unlocked (unconnected) state is set. 6. A method for controlling a structure according to claim 1, wherein the method is to switch to.
(Dx ₁ (t) / dt) × (dx _D (t) / dt) ≧ 0 (1)
| (Dx ₁ (t) / dt) |> ε (2)
Here, ε is 0 or a minute amount close to 0. 7. The structure damping method according to claim 6, wherein the following formula (3) is used instead of formula (2).
(Dx ₁ (t) / dt) × (dx ₁ (t−Δt)) / dt)> 0 (3)
Here, Δt is a speed information sampling time. 8. The structure damping method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, when switching the connection state of the vibration control device, a buffer range is set to avoid a sudden change in the connection state, and the connection state is gradually switched. The buffer range is set to the response speed (dx ₁ (t) / dt) of the structure to be controlled.
| (Dx ₁ (t) / dt) | ≦ Φ (4)
The structure damping method according to claim 8, wherein the connection state of the damping device is switched within the range so as to satisfy the following formula (5).
F (t) = | Fφ / Φ | × (dx ₁ (t) / dt) (5)
Here, F (t) is the force applied to the damping device, Φ is the buffer range width arbitrarily set in the design, and Fφ is the damping device when (dx ₁ (t) / dt) enters the damping range. It is the power that was applied.

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