JP4321164B2 - Data transmission apparatus and data transmission method used therefor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a data transmission apparatus and a data transmission method used therefor, and more particularly to a data transmission apparatus using block coding such as Gigabit Ethernet (R).

  There are various types of data flowing through the network other than the data to be sent. For example, there is data for routing protocol stack such as OSPF (Open Short Path First) issued from OS (Operation System), and data for signaling such as RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol).

  In addition, remote management information of network devices is sent in the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) format or the device vendor's original method.

  In order to transmit / receive the second data series other than the main data series, a system using another link is referred to as an out-of-band transmission system, and a system using the same link is referred to as an in-band transmission system.

  The out-of-band transmission scheme uses another line that is physically completely separated, and thus has an advantage that no interference occurs with the main data series. However, the out-of-band transmission method has a disadvantage that the cost is high because it is necessary to construct a completely different line or network.

  In general, compared to the transmission capacity of the main data series, the bandwidth required for the control management data as described above is often 1/10 or less. Therefore, it is efficient to install another physical link. Is bad.

  On the other hand, as an in-band transmission system, as shown in FIG. 8, the in-band signal transmitting circuit 62, the in-band signal receiving circuit 63, and the main data line are switched by a switch (selector) circuit 61, thereby There is a method for inserting and branching an in-band signal into a sequence (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In FIG. 8, a switch circuit 61, an in-band signal transmission circuit 62, and an in-band signal reception circuit 63 constitute a digital in-band control device 6 together with a control device 64, and are connected to digital trunks 5-1 to 5-n. And connected to the central processing unit 8 via the time division switch 7.

  Since the physical line and the line network are shared with the main data series, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to separately lay them. However, the in-band transmission method has a disadvantage that interference occurs between main packet data and in-band signals. That is, since an in-band signal is inserted in a parasitic manner in the main data series, the data transmission / reception state is affected. Conversely, in-band signals may interfere with the transmission of the main data series due to the occurrence of a large number of alarm notification packets in the event of a network failure.

  There are several methods for inserting / branching in-band signals. The simplest method is a method of transmitting using the same packet format as the main data series. The routing and signaling data and SNMP data are sent by this method. In this case, the implementation of in-band signal insertion / branching is only a protocol stack and is very simple.

  However, the above transmission method has a problem that the transmission of the main data sequence and the in-band signal interfere with each other. For example, since it passes through the same processing system as the main packet data, there is a lot of data traffic, and when the network is congested, the in-band signal will not reach at the same time due to the influence of the congestion. Then, when a failure occurs in the network device, the management control data must be promptly transmitted and recovered. However, the management control packet itself is included in the congestion caused by the failure, and effective management is possible. There is a risk that the control cannot be performed.

  In the SONET / SDH (Synchronous Optical Network / Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) system, in-band signal transmission using frame overhead is performed (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

  In the SONET / SDH system, frames are transmitted at equal intervals of 1 frame every 125 μsec. The frame is formed of a payload (data) B and an overhead C as shown in FIG. Inband signal data can be embedded in a part of the overhead C.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 9B, in STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module-1), 3 bytes D1 to D3 are allocated to DCC (Data Communication Channel) as in-band signals. DCC is a data link for transferring relay device monitoring control information. In this case, the main data data series and the in-band signal are separated and do not interfere with each other.

  However, in this SONET / SDH system, since the band assigned to the in-band signal is fixed, a certain band is taken even when there is no transmission data. Further, the overhead C is originally shorter than the payload (data) B and only a part of the overhead C is used, so that the band in which the in-band signal can be used is small.

  Furthermore, since the timing at which an in-band signal can be inserted is limited to once per frame, that is, once every 125 μsec, even if it is necessary to transmit an in-band signal, the worst case is 125 μsec. There is a waiting time.

  10G-Fibre Channel performs simple in-band signal transmission such as link failure notification using an inter frame gap (IFG: Inter Frame Gap) G between data frames D as shown in FIG. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 2).

  In Fiber Channel, a number of special meaning bytes called order sets are used. For example, when there is no data frame, an order set called IDLE is used. In-band communication is realized by replacing the IDLE order set E with an order set representing the Link Fault when the link is broken. Even in this method, the data and the in-band signal are separated.

  However, the in-band signal insertion is waited until the IFG at the frame break. Furthermore, the in-band signal that can be transmitted is only a few events that are determined in advance as an order set.

  As another method, there is a method in which an empty slot of a time division switch is allocated for in-band signal transmission as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-95410. However, this method has a problem that it uses the same band as the main data and there are not always free time slots. In this method, insertion of in-band data is waited until an assigned time slot comes.

  Next, delay measurement using in-band transmission will be described. As a network delay measurement, Ping of ICMP [Internet Protocol (IP) Control and Management Protocol] is known. This is to know a round-trip delay time in the network (NW) by throwing a ping packet with a time stamp from the transmission source to the destination and returning it as an echo.

  In the Ping of ICMP, the information that can be understood is information on the layer 3 of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model. That is, the value includes all physical delay, link layer (layer 2) processing delay, and layer 3 processing delay. Since the unit of delay measurement is a unit of time that can be used by the OS, it is usually msec and the resolution is low.

  On the other hand, as another delay measurement method, there is a method of measuring the distance between SDH nodes using the overhead of the SDH frame (for example, see Patent Document 2). In this method, a specific byte is embedded in the overhead for transmission, and when the specific byte is detected on the receiving side, it is returned and returned.

  In this case, the round-trip time delay is measured by counting the time from the transmission until the reply is returned by a counter. In this case, since the delay is counted using a counter in this method, the resolution (minimum unit) of delay measurement can be increased.

  However, the reply can only be made after waiting for the overhead of the frame. That is, in SDH, in the worst case, 125 μsec is waited from the arrival of ping to the reply of echo. In the technique of Patent Document 2 described above, in the case of a time-division switch, an empty slot is prepared in advance, and the round-trip time is measured by performing in-band diagnostic data and its return using the empty slot. . In this case, not only frame transmission but also waiting for an empty slot further reduces the resolution of delay measurement.

JP-A-1-218198 JP 2000-332715 A Ohm, easy-to-understand SONET / SDH transmission system, Hiroyuki Kawanishi et al., ISBN 4-274-03551-4, pages 54-64 IDG Japan, 10 Gigabit Ethernet (R) textbook, Osamu Ishida et al., ISBN 4-87280-460-0, pages 218-220

  In the above-described conventional technology, when the main data series frame and packet are used as they are for the in-band transmission data, the main data and the in-band data are subjected to substantially the same processing, so that it is difficult to reach if there is a lot of congestion and packet discard. There is a problem.

  On the other hand, when the main data sequence packet or frame overhead or interframe gap is used, there is a problem that the bandwidth is fixed and the bandwidth is small.

  Further, the above technique has a problem that a delay occurs because a frame or an empty slot is waited until in-band data is inserted. Further, in the above technique, this waiting time varies depending on the state of packet transmission, that is, whether the packet is being transmitted or not (IFG transmission is being performed).

  Regarding the arrival time on the receiving side, there are significant problems such as packet congestion and packet processing time for some reason, which causes a further delay and variation than the transmitting side. In the worst case, it is discarded. There is a problem that it ends up.

  In such delay measurement using in-band transmission, due to these delay fluctuations, there is a problem that the value varies greatly depending on the measurement time, and the absolute value is not accurate due to the addition of processing wait time. is there.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an in-band channel that can be inserted / branched at an arbitrary length at an arbitrary timing without being affected by the main data sequence packet, frame, time slot, congestion, etc. Is to provide a data transmission apparatus and a data transmission method used therefor.

A data transmission apparatus according to the present invention is a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
Means for inserting / branching a variable-length second data sequence that has been previously marked using a special code to a bit string of a data sequence generated when encoding is performed in the encoding block at an arbitrary timing ;
The marking using the special code is performed by sandwiching the second data series with a code that does not appear in the data series generated when the encoding is performed .

A data transmission method according to the present invention is a data transmission method of a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
On the data transmission device side, a variable-length second data sequence in which a special code is used for marking is inserted at an arbitrary timing into the bit sequence of the data sequence generated when encoding is performed by the encoding block. / Branching step ,
The marking using the special code is performed by sandwiching the second data series with a code that does not appear in the data series generated when the encoding is performed .

  That is, the data transmission apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that an in-band signal insertion / branching block is provided in the physical coding layer portion of the packet transmission physical layer. This in-band signal insertion / branching block uses a special code in the coding layer as a mark.

  That is, in the data transmission apparatus of the present invention, an operation (action) of inserting / branching an in-band signal sandwiched between the front and rear by this mark is performed during main packet transmission at an arbitrary timing. Branching can be performed at an arbitrary timing.

  Therefore, in the data transmission apparatus of the present invention, this in-band signal insertion can be performed at an arbitrary timing, so that the delay measurement signal is folded without waiting for a packet, a frame, or a time slot, and an accurate delay can be measured. Become.

  The present invention is configured and operated as described below, and in the in-band signal packet transmission provided below the coding block in the physical layer, the in-band signal is transmitted at an arbitrary timing regardless of the packet transmission state. The effect that it can insert in arbitrary length is obtained.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an operation of a data transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a packet having a link layer, which is the second layer [Layer 2], and a physical layer (PHY: Physical layer), which is the first layer (Layer 1), of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model. A transmission apparatus is shown.

  In the packet transmission apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, an in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 is disposed below the encoding block 21 in the physical layer 2. The normal packet 112 which is the main data comes from the upper layer, here the MAC (Media Access Control) layer 1 to the physical layer 2 and reaches the in-band signal insertion block 22.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, the normal packet 112 that is the main data is Gigabit Ethernet (R). On the other hand, the in-band signal 111 reaches the in-band signal insertion block 22 from another port, that is, from the interface of FE [Fast Ethernet (R)] 4.

  For the insertion of the in-band signal 111, a special code that does not appear in a normal data sequence among codes generated by the encoding block 21 is used. For example, in the 1000BASE-X standard, the encoding method is called 8B10B encoding. In that case, there are twelve codes called K characters as special codes, and these or a combination of these codes and a normal code (D character) is used as the mark 113 of the in-band signal 111.

  Specific insertion / branching of the in-band signal 111 will be described. The in-band signal 111 is sandwiched by the mark 113 using the above special code on the transmission side. The signal is inserted into an arbitrary position of the data bit string of the main normal packet 112. On the receiving side, the portion sandwiched by the mark 113 is extracted from the bit string of the data of the main normal packet 112. After extraction, the main normal packet 112 side is reproduced to the original data string without insertion.

  Insertion and branching of the in-band signal 111 is performed at an arbitrary timing without waiting for a data frame, a packet break, a time slot, etc. of the main normal packet 112 like a packet flowing through the physical medium 3, and as a result In some cases, the packet is inserted into a normal packet 112.

  Looking at this from the side of the normal packet 112, which is the main data, if the in-band signal 111 starts to be inserted during the transmission of the normal packet 112, the transmission of the normal packet 112 stops and the remaining transmissions of the normal packet 112 are transmitted. Waits until the transmission of the in-band signal 111 is completed.

  As soon as the insertion of the in-band signal 111 is completed, the normal packet 112 is transmitted as it is after the interruption. As a result, the in-band signal 111 is sandwiched between the normal packets 112.

  On the other hand, by detecting the mark 113 on the receiving side, the portion sandwiched by the mark 113 (in-band signal 111) including the mark 113 is extracted and the gap of the normal packet 112 is reduced. As a result, the normal packet 112, which is the main data, is not affected by the insertion / branching of the in-band signal 111 and the original data is reproduced.

  Further, since the length of the in-band signal 111 is determined by the interval between the leading and ending marks 113, it can be arbitrarily changed. That is, the minimum is 0 (no insertion / branching) and the maximum infinite length (continuous insertion).

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a packet transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2, a packet transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a MAC layer 1, an encoding block 21, an in-band signal insertion / branching block 22, a MUX (Multiplexer) / DEMUX (Demultiplexer) 24, and a transceiver. 23 (physical layer 2 in FIG. 1). The transceiver 23 is connected to the physical medium 3. These operations are the same as those of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 of FIG. In FIG. 3, the in-band signal insertion / branching block 22 includes a FIFO (First-In First-Out) buffer 221, a FIFO control unit 222, a Ping transmission unit 223, a loopback unit 224, a timer 225, a selector 226, It is composed of

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation on the transmission side of the packet transmission apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation on the reception side of the packet transmission apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. The operation of the packet transmission apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  A normal packet 112 which is main data comes from the upper layer, here the MAC layer 1 to the physical layer 2, and reaches the in-band signal inserting / branching block 22. A normal packet 112 which is main data is Gigabit Ethernet (R). On the other hand, the in-band signal 111 reaches the in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 from another port, that is, from the interface of the FE 4.

  For the insertion of the in-band signal 111, a special code that does not appear in a normal data sequence among codes generated by the encoding block 21 is used. In the 1000BASE-X standard, the encoding method is called 8B10B encoding. In this case, there are twelve codes called K characters as special codes, and these or a combination of these and normal codes (D characters) is used as the mark 113 of the in-band signal 111.

  Specific insertion / branching of the in-band signal 111 will be described. The in-band signal insertion / branching block 22 uses a special code if the in-band signal 111 is inserted (step S2 in FIG. 4) when a normal packet 112 is transmitted on the transmission side (step S1 in FIG. 4). The in-band signal 111 is sandwiched by the marked mark 113 (step S3 in FIG. 4).

  The in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 inserts the signal at an arbitrary position in the bit string of the data of the main normal packet 112 (step S4 in FIG. 4). When the in-band signal insertion / branching block 22 starts inserting the in-band signal 111 during transmission of the normal packet 112, the transmission of the normal packet 112 is stopped (step S5 in FIG. 4), and the remaining of the normal packet 112 is left. The transmission is made to wait until the transmission of the in-band signal 111 is completed.

  As soon as the insertion of the in-band signal 111 is completed (step S6 in FIG. 4), the in-band signal insertion / branch block 22 transmits the continuation from where the normal packet 112 was interrupted (step S7 in FIG. 4). As a result, the in-band signal 111 is sandwiched between the normal packets 112.

  When the in-band signal insertion / branching block 22 detects the mark 113 (step S12 in FIG. 5) during reception of the normal packet 112 (step S11 in FIG. 5) on the receiving side, the portion sandwiched by the mark 113 (in-band) The signal 111) including the mark 113 is extracted from the bit string of the data of the main normal packet 112 (step S13 in FIG. 5).

  The in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 removes the portion (in-band signal 111) sandwiched by the marks 113, and then closes the gap of the normal packet 112 to restore the original packet 112 without inserting the normal packet 112. The data is reproduced in a row (step S14 in FIG. 5).

  Insertion / dropping of the in-band signal 111 is performed at an arbitrary timing without waiting for reception of a data frame, packet break, time slot, or the like of the normal packet 112 like a packet flowing through the physical medium 3. As a result, the packet may be inserted into the normal packet 112.

  As a result, in this embodiment, the normal packet 112, which is the main data, can be reproduced to the original data without leaving any influence of the insertion / dropping of the in-band signal 111.

  Further, since the length of the in-band signal 111 is determined by the interval between the leading and ending marks, it can be arbitrarily changed. That is, the minimum is 0 (no insertion / branching) and the maximum infinite length (continuous insertion).

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an operation example of transmission delay measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention. The operation of the transmission delay measurement according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The normal packet 112, which is the main data, is kept waiting for transmission while the in-band signal 111 is inserted. Therefore, the in-band signal insertion / branching block 22 temporarily stores the normal packet 112 in the FIFO buffer 221.

  In the in-band signal inserting / branching block 22, if the in-band signal 111 is frequently inserted, the FIFO buffer 221 overflows. Therefore, an alarm signal 114 for applying back pressure from the FIFO control unit 222 to the upper layer is given. As a result, the data of the main normal packet 112 is restricted to the transmission band in the upper layer, and the buffer overflow of the FIFO buffer 221 can be prevented.

  In this in-band signal inserting / branching block 22, a Ping transmission unit 223 that transmits a transmission delay measurement signal (Layer1-ping) and a loop-back unit 224 that loops back when receiving the Layer1-ping for transmission delay measurement. And. Accordingly, in the in-band signal insertion / branching block 22, when the time from the transmission of Layer 1-ping by the timer 225 to the return on the opposite side of the link is counted, the time required for transmission delay is calculated.

  That is, in the in-band signal insertion / branch block 22, when the Ping transmission unit 223 transmits the transmission delay measurement signal (Layer1-ping) (step S21 in FIG. 6), the timer 225 is started (step S22 in FIG. 6).

  When the in-band signal insertion / branch block 22 receives the return transmission delay measurement signal (Layer1-ping) (step S23 in FIG. 6), the timer 225 is stopped (step S24 in FIG. 6), and the transmission starts from the count value of the timer 225. The delay time is calculated (step S25 in FIG. 6). The in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 reports the calculated value from an internal register (not shown) to a network management terminal (not shown) (step S26 in FIG. 6).

  In the conventional in-band insertion method described above, it is necessary to wait for the break of the main packet data or the arrival of its own time slot at the time of return, and accurate delay measurement cannot be performed.

  In this embodiment, regardless of the transmission state of the normal packet 112 at the time of return, the Layer1-ping can be returned from the return unit 224 simultaneously with the reception of the Layer1-ping. Accurate delay time can always be measured.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing another operation example of transmission delay measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention. The operation of the transmission delay measurement according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The delay time can also be measured for the upper layer. For example, it is assumed that the Ping transmission in Layer 2 and the Echo transmission function, which is the return, are implemented on the MAC layer 1 side in FIG.

  When the in-band signal insertion / branch block 22 detects the transmission of this Layer-2-ping (step S31 in FIG. 7), it starts the timer 225 (step S32 in FIG. 7).

  When the in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 detects that the returned Layer-2-echo packet has returned (step S33 in FIG. 7), the timer 225 is stopped (step S34 in FIG. 7), and the timer 225 counts. The round trip delay time is calculated from the value (step S35 in FIG. 7). The in-band signal inserting / branching block 22 reports the calculated value from the internal register to the network management terminal (step S36 in FIG. 7).

  As a result, in this embodiment, the round-trip delay in Layer-2 can be accurately measured as in the measurement of the round-trip delay in Layer-1. In Ping in a normal Layer-3 (IP layer), a delay is obtained using a time stamp, and its measurement unit is msec. In this embodiment, since the counting is performed by the hardware timer 225, accurate measurement in nanoseconds or less is possible.

  In this embodiment, by calculating the difference between the measured Layer-1 round-trip delay time and the Layer-2 round-trip delay time, the Layer2 processing time at the node (not shown) can be calculated based on the actual measurement value. . Further, in this embodiment, by subtracting one round-trip delay time from 1.5 round-trip delay time, one-way delay can be derived as well as round-trip.

  The delay value obtained in the present embodiment can be obtained by separately classifying the delay for physical transmission and the delay for processing in each Layer. Therefore, the network management terminal can use this information for network resource arrangement, failure detection, bottleneck discovery, and the like.

  In the selector 226, a process for sandwiching the in-band signal 111 around the mark 113 is performed. If an error occurs in the mark 113 portion, the in-band signal 111 is not inserted / branched properly, and the error is amplified. In order to prevent this, a set of special codes used for the mark 113 is set such that the Hamming distance has a constant value.

  In the present embodiment, only those having a Hamming distance of 4 are used. On the receiving side, the hamming distance with each mark 113 is used for the detection of the mark 113, so that error recovery can be performed and error amplification is prevented.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, a plurality of data transmissions can be inserted using a plurality of marks 113. A plurality of inserted data can be divided by time and added, or the inserted bytes can be divided into ½, ¼, and ８ bytes and shared.

  When inserting multiple pieces of data by dividing the latter byte, if you have enough in-band signal transmission bandwidth (more than the combined bandwidth of multiple data), Can be inserted without waiting.

  The in-band transmission data to be inserted includes network and network device management data, routing and signaling data, end-to-end session start and maintenance data, bit error rate measurement data, link up confirmation data (Hello) Packet).

  As described above, in this embodiment, in the in-band signal packet transmission provided under the encoding in the physical layer of the packet transmission apparatus, the in-band signal is set to an arbitrary length at an arbitrary timing regardless of the packet transmission state. Therefore, in-band signal insertion / branching can be realized regardless of packet congestion or processing state.

  It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the configuration and operation of the above-described embodiments, and it is obvious that each embodiment can be appropriately changed within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

It is a figure which shows operation | movement of the data transmission apparatus by embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the packet transmission apparatus by one Example of this invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an in-band signal insertion / branching block of FIG. 2. The in-band signal insertion / branching block 22 includes a FIFO (First-In First-Out) buffer 221, a FIFO control unit 222, a Ping transmission unit 223, a loopback unit 224, a timer 225, and a selector. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the transmission side of the packet transmission apparatus by one Example of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the receiving side of the packet transmission apparatus by one Example of this invention. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of transmission delay measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the other operation example of the transmission delay measurement by one Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the conventional in-band transmission system. It is a figure which shows the in-band transmission using the overhead of the conventional frame. It is a figure which shows the in-band transmission which also used the conventional inter-frame gap.

Explanation of symbols

1 MAC layer 2 Physical layer 3 Physical medium 4 FE
21 Coding block 22 In-band signal insertion / branching block 23 Transceiver 24 MUX / DEMUX
111 In-band signal 112 Normal packet 113 Mark 221 FIFO buffer 222 FIFO control unit 223 Ping transmission unit 224 Loopback unit 225 Timer 226 Selector

Claims (32)

A data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
Have a means for inserting / branching the second data sequence of length at any time subjected to Marking using previously special code bit string of the data series generated when performing the encoding by the encoding block ,
Marking using the special code is performed by sandwiching the second data series with a code that does not appear in the data series generated when the encoding is performed . 2. The data according to claim 1, wherein the means for inserting / branching the second data series inserts / branches a plurality of types of second data series subjected to marking using a plurality of types of special codes. Transmission equipment. In insertion / branch of the plurality of types of second data series, one byte is divided into at least ½ byte, ¼ byte, and バ イ ト byte, and shared. 3. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the second data series can be inserted at an arbitrary timing when they overlap. The second data series includes a function of transmitting “ping” in the physical layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model, and a function of returning “echo” when receiving “ping”. 4. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a data transmission delay time in the physical layer is measured by a round trip of “ping” and “echo” mounted in the physical layer. 5. A data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
Means for inserting / branching a variable-length second data sequence that has been previously marked using a special code to a bit sequence of a data sequence generated when encoding is performed in the encoding block at an arbitrary timing ,
The second data series includes a function of transmitting “ping” in the physical layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model, and a function of returning “echo” when receiving “ping”. A data transmission apparatus for measuring a data transmission delay time in the physical layer by reciprocating “ping” and “echo” mounted in the physical layer. “Ping” is detected by detecting “echo” that is turned back when receiving “ping” and “ping” in the link layer and network layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model flowing in the data series, and the transmission of the “ping” 6. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 4 , further comprising: a mechanism for detecting the arrival of “echo” as a reply, and a function for measuring a time from “ping” transmission to “echo” arrival. .   7. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a time required for packet processing in each layer is measured based on a difference between the delay time of the physical layer and the delay times of the link layer and the network layer.   The transmission side measurement data pattern is transmitted to the second data series on the transmission side, and the error measurement is performed on the reception side using the transmission error measurement data pattern. 8. The data transmission device according to any one of 7. A data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
Means for inserting / branching a variable-length second data sequence that has been previously marked using a special code to a bit sequence of a data sequence generated when encoding is performed in the encoding block at an arbitrary timing ,
A data transmission apparatus, wherein a transmission error measurement data pattern is transmitted to the second data series on a transmission side, and an error measurement is performed on the reception side using the transmission error measurement data pattern. 10. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein network control data is transmitted / received using the second data series. A data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
Means for inserting / branching a variable-length second data sequence that has been previously marked using a special code to a bit sequence of a data sequence generated when encoding is performed in the encoding block at an arbitrary timing ,
A data transmission apparatus for transmitting and receiving network control data using the second data series. 12. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a code group having the same Hamming distance is used as the special code. A data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
Means for inserting / branching a variable-length second data sequence that has been previously marked using a special code to a bit sequence of a data sequence generated when encoding is performed in the encoding block at an arbitrary timing ,
A data transmission apparatus using a code group having the same Hamming distance as the special code. 14. The data transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interrupted data series is temporarily held while the second data series is inserted into the data series. 15. The remaining amount of a buffer that temporarily holds the interrupted data series is monitored, an alarm is output on the upstream side so that a buffer overflow does not occur, and packet transmission restriction is activated. Data transmission equipment. A data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
Means for inserting / branching a variable-length second data sequence that has been previously marked using a special code to a bit sequence of a data sequence generated when encoding is performed in the encoding block at an arbitrary timing ,
While inserting the second data series into the data series, temporarily hold the interrupted data series,
A data transmission apparatus characterized by monitoring a remaining amount of a buffer that temporarily holds the interrupted data series, outputting an alarm upstream so as not to cause a buffer overflow, and activating packet transmission restriction. A data transmission method for a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
On the data transmission device side, a variable-length second data sequence in which a special code is used for marking is inserted at an arbitrary timing into the bit sequence of the data sequence generated when encoding is performed by the encoding block. / Branch step,
Marking using the special code is performed by sandwiching the second data series with a code that does not appear in the data series generated when the encoding is performed. 18. The data according to claim 17, wherein the step of inserting / branching the second data series inserts / branches a plurality of types of second data series subjected to marking using a plurality of types of special codes. Transmission method. In insertion / branch of the plurality of types of second data series, one byte is divided into at least ½ byte, ¼ byte, and バ イ ト byte, and shared. 19. The data transmission method according to claim 18, wherein the second data series can be inserted at an arbitrary timing when they overlap. The second data series includes a function of transmitting “ping” in the physical layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model, and a function of returning “echo” when receiving “ping”. 20. The data transmission method according to claim 17, wherein a data transmission delay time in the physical layer is measured by a round trip of “ping” and “echo” mounted in the physical layer. A data transmission method for a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
On the data transmission device side, a variable-length second data sequence in which a special code is used for marking is inserted at an arbitrary timing into the bit sequence of the data sequence generated when encoding is performed by the encoding block. / Branch step,
The second data series includes a function of transmitting “ping” in the physical layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model, and a function of returning “echo” when receiving “ping”. A data transmission method characterized in that a data transmission delay time in the physical layer is measured by a round trip of “ping” and “echo” mounted in the physical layer. “Ping” is detected by detecting “echo” which is returned when receiving “ping” and “ping” in the link layer and network layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model flowing in the data series, and the transmission of the “ping”. The data transmission method according to claim 20 or 21, comprising a mechanism for detecting the arrival of "echo" as a reply and a function for measuring the time from "ping" transmission to "echo" arrival. . 23. The data transmission method according to claim 22, wherein a time required for packet processing in each layer is measured based on a difference between the delay time of the physical layer and the delay times of the link layer and the network layer. 18. The transmission error measurement data pattern is transmitted to the second data series on the transmission side, and the error measurement is performed on the reception side using the data pattern for transmission error measurement. 24. The data transmission method according to any one of 23. A data transmission method for a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
On the data transmission device side, a variable-length second data sequence in which a special code is used for marking is inserted at an arbitrary timing into the bit sequence of the data sequence generated when encoding is performed by the encoding block. / Branch step,
A data transmission method characterized in that a transmission error measurement data pattern is transmitted to the second data series on a transmission side, and an error measurement is performed on the reception side using the transmission error measurement data pattern. The data transmission method according to any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein network control data is transmitted and received using the second data series. A data transmission method for a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
On the data transmission device side, a variable-length second data sequence in which a special code is used for marking is inserted at an arbitrary timing into the bit sequence of the data sequence generated when encoding is performed by the encoding block. / Branch step,
A data transmission method comprising transmitting and receiving network control data using the second data series. 28. The data transmission method according to claim 17, wherein a code group having the same Hamming distance is used as the special code. A data transmission method for a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
On the data transmission device side, a variable-length second data sequence in which a special code is used for marking is inserted at an arbitrary timing into the bit sequence of the data sequence generated when encoding is performed by the encoding block. / Branch step,
A data transmission method using a code group having the same Hamming distance as the special code. 30. The data transmission method according to claim 17, wherein the interrupted data series is temporarily held while the second data series is inserted into the data series. The remaining amount of the buffer that temporarily holds the interrupted data series is monitored, an alarm is output upstream so that a buffer overflow does not occur, and packet transmission restriction is activated. Data transmission method. A data transmission method for a data transmission apparatus including a coding block using block coding coding in a physical layer,
On the data transmission device side, a variable-length second data sequence in which a special code is used for marking is inserted at an arbitrary timing into the bit sequence of the data sequence generated when encoding is performed by the encoding block. / Branch step,
While inserting the second data series into the data series, temporarily hold the interrupted data series,
A data transmission method comprising: monitoring a remaining amount of a buffer that temporarily holds the interrupted data series, outputting an alarm upstream to prevent a buffer overflow, and activating packet transmission restriction.

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