JP4312081B2 - Rudder device and mounting method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rudder device and a method for mounting the rudder device, and more particularly to a mariner-type rudder device.

At present, as a method of installing a rudder at the stern, either a suspended type or a so-called mariner type is usually employed.
For example, as shown in FIG. 9, a conventional suspension type rudder is configured such that a rudder plate 2 a is coupled to a rudder shaft 4 a at the top, and the rudder shaft 4 a is rotatably supported by a bearing 7 a provided on the stern hull 1. ing. Although this suspension type has a simple structure, the diameter of the rudder shaft becomes large because it is necessary to support the bending moment by the rudder only by the rudder shaft and the support point of the bending moment is one place. In addition, as the rudder shaft diameter increases, the thickness of the rudder plate inevitably increases more than necessary. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the drag of the rudder shaft and the rudder plate is increased during propulsion.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the conventional mariner-type rudder is provided with a horn 3b that protrudes downward from the stern hull 1 to approximately the center of the rudder plate 2b, and the horn 3b supports the top of the rudder plate 2b. The rudder shaft 4b and the pintle 6b provided at substantially the center of the rudder plate 2b are rotatably supported via a rudder shaft bearing 7b and a pintle gudgeon 8b, respectively. A skeg 1b having a convex streamline is provided as a structure that fills the space behind the horn 3b between the top surface of the rudder plate 2b and the stern hull 1.

  The Mariner type is more complex than the suspension type, but the rudder shaft only needs to bear the torsional moment because the bending moment by the rudder is supported by the horn as the hull structure, and the rudder shaft only has to bear the torsional moment. The diameter is small. Therefore, the thickness of the rudder plate is not increased more than necessary, and the propulsion resistance is reduced. Further, since the rudder shaft does not directly hit the water flow, there is no propulsion resistance of the rudder shaft by Karman vortex. Furthermore, since the rudder plate is supported at two points of the horn, the bearing portion can be made smaller than the suspension type.

  As a method of attaching the rudder to the stern, either a suspended type or a mariner type is adopted in consideration of these advantages and disadvantages. Conventionally, a marineer type is often used as a rudder in a ship that is large and does not have a very high boat speed and the ratio of rudder resistance to the total propulsion resistance is relatively small. This is because the diameter of the rudder shaft is smaller than that of the suspension type rudder and the bearing portion for supporting the rudder is small.

  As a rudder, a rudder plate whose horizontal cross-sectional contour forms a blade cross-section, that is, one that has a convex streamline as a whole has long been used. However, in recent years, so-called shilling rudder has been used in order to improve the maneuverability, needle retention, course stability, and followability of ships. This shilling rudder is a rudder having a rudder plate cross-sectional profile that generates a high lift when the rudder is given an angle and that is less likely to cause laminar flow separation while the ship is traveling straight, that is, in the neutral position of the rudder.

For example, in the case of a suspended type, this is as shown in FIG. In FIG. 11, the rudder plate 2a has a horizontal cross-sectional contour in which the front edge portion 21a has a semicircular shape, and the intermediate portion 22a continuing to the front edge portion 21a gradually increases the cross-sectional width toward the rear in the bow-stern direction. A trailing edge 24a that gradually decreases the cross-sectional width and then reaches the minimum width, and then gradually increases the cross-sectional width over a relatively short length in the stern direction leading to the trailing edge 23a. It has a shape.
JP-A-5-39089

  A top end plate 25a and a bottom end plate 26a are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the rudder plate 2a, respectively. The top end plate 25a and the bottom end plate 26a are for effectively taking a water flow onto the surface of the rudder plate 2a to increase the generation of lift. Due to the above-described effects, when the rudder angle is given, a high lift is generated in the rudder plate 2a, giving the ship high maneuverability compared with a rudder having a normal convex streamline cross section, and high when the ship goes straight ahead. Gives maintenance.

  In the case of the conventional mariner type rudder device described above, a convex streamline cross section is used to avoid loss resistance due to Karman vortices generated in the space between the top surface of the rudder plate and the stern hull behind the horn. It was necessary to provide a large-scale skeg. This skeg also contributes to the course stability of the ship. However, since the skeg is a fixed addition, if the relationship with the angle of the water flow that flows along the stern hull is set incorrectly, the generation of harmful lift force will increase, so design with great care, Installation had to be done. For this reason, a large production cost and time were required.

  The horn is a large cast steel product with a complicated structure that is manufactured together with the boss part of the rudder shaft bearing and the boss part of the pintle gudgeon, and for the installation, the horn is welded to the stern hull. After installation, it was necessary to perform large-scale boring on-site for the rudder shaft bearing and pintle gulsion in order to align with the rudder shaft.

  In addition, the steering gear is attached to the steering gear deck via the mounting base, so that the shaft center of the steering gear coincides with that of the horn's rudder shaft bearing and the pintle gauge. It has been necessary to adjust the shaft center and adjust the position so that the vertical position of the steering machine is appropriate to the position of the rudder shaft, that is, the rudder shaft bearing of the horn.

For this reason, in addition to the high cost due to the horn being a large cast steel product having a complicated structure, there is a problem that the time and cost for installing the rudder and the steering gear on the hull increase.
The present invention solves the above-described problem, eliminates the need for skeg, and uses cast steel only for the rudder shaft bearing and pintle gudgeon in the horn and adopts a steel plate welded assembly structure for other parts. An object of the present invention is to provide a rudder device capable of reducing the time and cost for installing a rudder and a rudder on a hull, and further improving the maneuverability and maintenance of a ship, and a method for mounting the rudder device. And

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the rudder device of the present invention according to claim 1 is such that the rudder plate has a semicircular front edge in the horizontal cross-sectional profile, and an intermediate portion continuing to the front edge is a stern. The cross-sectional width is gradually increased toward the rearward direction to reach the maximum width, and then the cross-sectional width is gradually decreased to reach the minimum width, and then the cross-sectional width is increased over a relatively short period of the stern direction leading to the trailing edge. It has a shape with a gradually increasing trailing edge, and a top plate and a bottom plate are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the rudder plate, respectively, and the rudder plate is suspended and fixed to the rudder shaft at the top to steer the rudder shaft A horn that is rotatably supported by the stern hull that protrudes downward from the stern hull to approximately the center of the rudder plate, and a pintle provided by the horn at the rudder shaft part at the top of the rudder plate and the vertical center of the rudder plate And radial through the rudder shaft bearing and pintle gearion respectively In the rudder device, the horn rudder shaft bearing is positioned close to the stern hull, and the top surface of the rudder plate is aligned with the lower surface position of the horn rudder shaft bearing so that the horn has a steel plate welded assembly structure. It consists of a horn body, a rudder shaft bearing and a pintle gagnon that are welded to the horn body, and each of the rudder shaft bearing and the pintle gagón has a cast steel structure boss, And a bush holder device between the bush of the rudder shaft and the boss portion of the rudder shaft bearing .

With the above configuration, the space immediately behind the horn is eliminated, and the space between the top surface of the rudder and the stern hull is narrowed, so that loss resistance due to the generation of vortices is eliminated. It becomes unnecessary, and the cost and time required for installing the skeg can be reduced. In addition, since the rudder shaft bearing of the horn is positioned close to the bow / stern hull, and the top surface of the rudder plate is aligned with the lower surface position of the rudder shaft bearing of the horn, the area of the rudder is inevitably increased. The maneuverability of the ship is further improved.
The horn body can be made into a steel plate welded assembly structure, and the cast steel structure of the boss part of the rudder shaft bearing and the pintle gauge boss part is extremely simple and compact, making them easy to manufacture and greatly reducing manufacturing costs. To do. Furthermore, by installing a bush holder device, it is not necessary to perform large-scale on-site boring and the shaft center can be adjusted easily, so that the installation time can be shortened and the outfitting cost can be reduced. be able to.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rudder apparatus mounting method in which a horn having a rudder shaft bearing boss portion and a pintle gudgeon boss portion welded to a horn body is welded to a stern hull in advance and attached. The combination of the rudder shaft and the rudder shaft is temporarily supported by the horn so that the wheel is aligned with the rudder shaft axis, and a timber is laid between the bottom and bottom of the rudder plate, and the weight of the rudder plate and rudder shaft After the steering wheel is supported, the steering gear combined with the steering gear mounting base is mounted concentrically on the steering shaft head of the combined body. The gap between the bearing bush and the rudder shaft bearing boss, and between the pintle gudgeon bush and the pintle gudgeon boss is adjusted by the bush holder device. It is configured to be welded to the deck.

  With the above configuration, the rudder shaft, rudder shaft bearing, pintle gulsion and steering gear need not be individually centered, and it is not necessary to individually adjust the position in the vertical direction for installation. The installation time of the aircraft on the hull can be significantly shortened, and the outfitting cost can be greatly reduced.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the skeg, which has been conventionally required, is not necessary, and the horn and the focus of the rudder shaft bearing, in which the horn is made of a steel plate welded assembly structure and a simple and small cast steel product, respectively. The division into the boss portion of the Lugajon facilitates production and reduces the production cost.

  Furthermore, it is no longer necessary to align and position the horn rudder shaft bearing, pin torsion, and steering gear individually with respect to the rudder plate and rudder shaft. The rudder device can be built in the hull by simply adjusting the center misalignment between the body and the rudder shaft bearing and pintle gudgeon at the factory of the bush holder device.

  Furthermore, since the steering gear can be welded to the steering gear deck without the need for its position adjustment, the installation time of the rudder and its support structure on the hull is significantly reduced and the cost of outfitting is increased. Can be reduced. In addition, the rudder area is increased by the amount that does not require skeg, and the maneuverability of the ship is further improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5, a horn 3 is provided so as to project downward from the stern hull 1 to approximately the center of the rudder plate 2, and the rudder plate 2 is suspended and fixed to the rudder shaft 4. The top is rotatably supported by the steering machine 5. The horn 3 supports a portion of the rudder shaft 4 at the top of the rudder plate 2 and a pintle 6 provided at a substantially central portion in the vertical direction of the rudder plate 2 in the radial direction via the rudder shaft bearing 7 and the pintle gag 8 respectively. is doing.

  The rudder plate 2 has a horizontal cross-sectional contour in which the front edge portion 21 forms a semicircular shape, and the intermediate portion 22 continuing to the front edge portion 21 gradually increases the cross-sectional width toward the rear in the bow-stern direction, thereby increasing the maximum width. And after that, the cross-sectional width is gradually reduced to reach the minimum width, and then the shape having the trailing edge 24 that gradually increases the cross-sectional width over a relatively short period of the stern direction to the trailing edge 23. Yes. A top end plate 25 and a bottom end plate 26 are provided on the top surface and the bottom surface of the rudder plate 2, respectively. The bottom end plate 26 has a shape in which both side end portions are slightly refracted downward.

  The rudder shaft bearing 7 of the horn 3 is disposed as close as possible to the stern hull 1, and the top surface of the rudder plate 2 is made to coincide with the lower surface position of the horn rudder shaft bearing 7. The horn 3 is attached to the stern hull 1 by welding to the horn body 31, the rudder shaft bearing 7 attached to the stern hull 1 in the vicinity of the stern hull 1, and the lower end of the horn body 31 by welding. The horn main body 31 has a steel plate welded assembly structure, and the boss portion 71 of the rudder shaft bearing 7 and the boss portion 81 of the pintle gudgeon 8 have a cast steel structure.

  As shown in FIG. 6, bushes 72 and 82 and bush holder devices 73 and 83 are provided between the pintle 6 and the boss portion 81 of the pintle gudgeon and between the rudder shaft 4 and the rudder shaft bearing boss portion 71, respectively. The bush holder devices 73 and 83 are respectively for adjusting the gap between the bush 72 and the boss portion 71 of the rudder shaft bearing 7 and the gap between the bush 82 and the boss portion 81 of the pintle gauge 8. is there.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the above configuration will be described. First, a process of attaching the rudder and the support structure to the hull will be described. A horn 3 in which a rudder shaft bearing boss portion 71 and a pintle gauge boss portion 81 are welded to the horn main body 31 and welded to the stern hull 1 is attached to the stern hull 1, and a combined body in which the rudder shaft 4 is coupled to the rudder plate 2 is attached to the horn 3. Make provisional support. This combined body has a structure in which the center of rotation of the rudder plate 2 coincides with the axis of the rudder shaft 4.

  After placing a wood block between the bottom portion of the rudder plate 2 and the bottom of the rudder to support the weight of the rudder plate 2 and the rudder shaft 4, the steering gear 5 combined with the steering gear mounting base 51 is combined as described above. It is mounted concentrically on the head of the rudder axle 4 Thereafter, in the respective portions of the rudder shaft bearing 7 and the pintle gear 8 of the horn 3, between the bush 72 and the boss portion 71 of the rudder shaft bearing 7 and between the bush 82 and the boss portion 81 of the pintle gear 8. Are adjusted by bush holder devices 73 and 83, respectively.

  That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, when the hole center m of the boss portions 71, 81 is deviated from the axis n of the rudder shaft 4 or the pintle 6, the inner diameter of the boss portions 71, 81 is the core. The amount of deviation is measured by swinging down. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, based on the measured values, the bush holder devices 73, 83 are arranged so that the axial centers of the boss portions 71, 81 after the bush holder devices 73, 83 are fitted coincide with the axial center n. The bush holder devices 73 and 83 are inserted between the bushes 72 and 82 and the boss portions 71 and 81.

  Thereby, since it is possible to easily adjust the respective shaft centers of the rudder shaft bearing 7 and the pintle gearion 8 of the horn 3 and the rudder shaft 4 and the pintle 6, the rudder shaft bearing portion and the pintle gauge portion of the conventional horn. A large-scale on-site boring process is also unnecessary for centering. Thereafter, the rudder and the support structure are installed on the hull by welding the rudder mounting base 51 to the rudder deck 11.

  By the above operation, the rudder shaft 4, rudder shaft bearing 7, pintle gearion 8, and steering gear 5 are individually aligned, and it is not necessary to individually adjust the position in the vertical direction for installation. The installation time of the rudder shaft 4 and the steering gear 5 on the hull is remarkably shortened, and the outfitting cost is greatly reduced.

  Next, the operation of the rudder device of the present invention will be described. The rudder plate 2 and the rudder shaft 4 support the axial load with the thrust bearing of the steering gear 5, and the radial load with the rudder shaft bearing 7, the pin torque gear 8 of the horn 3 and the radial bearing of the steering gear 5. It is operated by the steering machine 5 in the state of being supported by

  When the ship that holds the rudder blade 2 in the neutral position is traveling straight, there is no space immediately after the horn 3 in which Karman vortices are generated, so that there is no loss resistance and the top surface of the rudder blade 2 and the stern hull. Since the space between the first and second units becomes narrow, the conventional skeg is no longer necessary, and the design, production cost, and outfitting cost that require meticulous attention regarding the installation of the skeg are not required.

  Further, in the rudder plate 2 of the present invention, laminar separation is less likely to occur and resistance during straight travel is reduced as compared with a normal rudder having a convex streamlined horizontal cross-sectional profile. Since refraction creates forward thrust, the increase in viscous pressure resistance due to water refraction at the trailing edge 24 is offset by these, resulting in propulsion resistance equal to or less than that of a normal convex streamlined cross-section rudder.

  Further, in the horizontal cross section contour of the rudder plate 2, the generation of lift vortex from the rear edge 24 is faster than in the case of a normal convex streamline cross section rudder, so that the generation of lift is accelerated. Therefore, since the response of the effectiveness of the rudder becomes faster, the angle of the rudder can be made smaller, and nevertheless, the degree of bow swinging becomes smaller and the ship's needle maintenance is improved.

  Further, when the rudder angle is given to the rudder plate 2, the energy of the water flow is taken in between the top end plate 25 and the bottom end plate 26 of the rudder plate 2, and acts strongly on the surface of the rudder plate 2. In addition to generating lift as a wing, a lift is generated by refraction of the water flow at the rear edge 24, and a high lift is generated as a whole, giving the ship high maneuverability. Furthermore, since the area of the rudder plate 2 inevitably increases due to the absence of skeg, the maneuverability is further improved.

1 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing a rudder device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Aa arrow sectional view in FIG. Bb arrow sectional view in FIG. Cc arrow sectional view in FIG. Dd arrow sectional view in FIG. Cross-sectional side view showing details of rudder shaft bearing part or pintle gauge part of horn in the same embodiment Explanatory drawing showing an example of axial misalignment of the rudder bearing or pintle gudgeon Explanatory drawing which shows the example of the state after the machining with respect to the bush holder apparatus of the rudder shaft bearing part or pintle gulsion part Overall side view showing a conventional rudder and its support structure (suspended type) Overall side view showing a conventional rudder and its support structure (mariner type) Bird's-eye view of a rudder in a conventional rudder and its supporting structure (suspension type)

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stern hull 2 Rudder plate 3 Horn 4 Rudder shaft 5 Steering machine 6 Pintle 7 Rudder shaft bearing 8 Pintle gagging 9 Board 11 Steering machine deck 21 Front edge part 22 Middle part 23 Rear edge 24 Rear edge part 25 Top edge Plate 26 Bottom end plate 31 Horn body 51 Mounting base 71 Boss portion 72 Bush 73 Bush holder device 81 Boss portion 82 Bush 83 Bush holder device

Claims (2)

The rudder blade has a semicircular front edge in the horizontal cross-sectional profile, and the middle part that continues to the front edge gradually increases the cross-sectional width toward the rear in the fore-and-aft direction to reach the maximum width. Gradually reduce the cross-sectional width to reach the minimum width, and then have a shape with a trailing edge that gradually increases the cross-sectional width over a relatively short stern direction to the trailing edge, and the top and bottom surfaces of the rudder plate A top end plate and a bottom end plate are provided respectively, and the rudder plate is suspended and fixed to the rudder shaft at the top, and the rudder shaft is rotatably supported by the steering gear, and is lowered downward from the stern hull to about the center of the rudder plate. A rudder device that has a protruding horn and supports a rudder shaft portion at the top of the rudder plate and a pintle provided at a substantially central portion in the vertical direction of the rudder plate in a radial direction via a rudder shaft bearing and a pintle gudgeon, respectively. In
The horn rudder shaft bearing is positioned close to the stern hull, and the top surface of the rudder plate is aligned with the lower surface of the horn rudder shaft bearing, and the horn is welded to the horn body of the steel plate welding assembly structure and the horn body. The rudder shaft bearing and the pintle gudgeon are attached to the rudder shaft bearing and the pintle gudgeon, respectively, and a boss portion of a cast steel structure is provided on each of the rudder shaft bearing and the pintle gudgeon. A rudder device, wherein a bush holder device is provided between the boss portions of the rudder shaft bearing .   A horn welded to the horn body with the rudder shaft bearing boss and pintol gajon boss is welded to the stern hull in advance and attached to the stern hull so that the center of rotation of the rudder plate coincides with the rudder shaft axis. The combined body is temporarily supported by the horn, and a board is placed between the bottom and bottom of the rudder to support the weight of the rudder and the rudder shaft, and then combined with the steering wheel mounting base. Are installed concentrically on the rudder shaft head of the combined body, and between the rudder shaft bearing bush and the rudder shaft bearing boss, and in the pintle gudgeon in each part of the rudder shaft bearing and pintle gudgeon of the horn. A method for mounting a rudder device, characterized in that a gap deviation between each bush and a pintle gudgeon boss is adjusted by a bush holder device, and then a steering gear mounting base is welded to a steering gear deck.

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