JP4305788B2 - Line noise filter and power converter using the same - Google Patents

Description

【００１８】
本発明によれば、ＣＩＳＰＲ Ｐｕｂ．１１ ＣＬＡＳＳ Ａの雑音端子電圧の規格である１５０ｋＨｚから５００ｋＨｚで７９ｄＢμＶ以下、５００ｋＨｚから３０ＭＨｚで７３ｄＢμＶ以下を満足することができ、表１に示す４つの周波数では、規格に対し３ｄＢμＶ以上の余裕度を持っていることがわかる。
【００１９】
一方、＃Ａを使用した比較例では表１に示すように１５０ｋＨｚの周波数において、＃Ｃを使用した比較例では表１に示すように１５０ｋＨｚと４ＭＨｚにおいて、それぞれ前記雑音端子電圧の規格を満足することができなかった。
【００２０】
また、＃Ｂを使用した比較例では、前記雑音端子電圧の規格を満足することができたが、インバータを１０００時間連続運転試験後に、再度雑音端子電圧の測定を行ったところ、１５０ｋＨｚの周波数における雑音端子電圧が前記規格値を満足することができなかった。この原因について調査したところ、＃Ｂのコイルのインダクタンスが連続運転開始直前のときの値に対し、１／４に低下してしまったためであることがわかった。このため＃Ｂは、経時変化の問題から使用できないことがわかった。なお、＃Ｂを除く他のコイルを使用した場合には、この様な経時変化の問題はなかった。
【００２１】
そこで、＃Ｂを除く各コイルを用いて図４の構成のライン・ノイズ・フィルタを構成し、前記表１の場合と同様にして雑音端子電圧を測定した結果を表２に示す。なお、図４の入力側電源ライン間コンデンサ２１、２２、２３および出力側電源ライン間コンデンサ４１、４２、４３には静電容量０．２２μＦのメタライズド・ポリ・エステル・フィルム・コンデンサ、電源ラインとグランド間コンデンサには静電容量４，７００ｐＦのセラミックコンデンサを使用した。
【００２２】
表２に示す比較例では、いずれも周波数１５０ｋＨｚにおいて、前記雑音端子電圧の規格を満足できないことがわかる。
なお、＃１から＃１１を用いた場合、図１の構成の本発明のライン・ノイズ・フィルタは、図４の構成とした比較例に比べて、特に、低周波の領域で雑音端子電圧の抑制効果が大きく、表１と表２からもわかるように、その差は１０ｄＢμＶにも及ぶことがわかる。
【００２３】
【表２】

【００２４】
（実施例２）
出力４００Ｗの３相誘導電動機駆動用の単相ＡＣ２００Ｖ入力、定格容量１.２ｋＶＡのインバータの電源ライン側にライン・ノイズ・フィルタ２、負荷である３相誘導電動機側に零相リアクトル５を挿入し、図３のような構成として雑音端子電圧がＣＩＳＰＲ Ｐｕｂ.１１の規定値を満足するかどうかの実装試験を行った。本実装試験では、図３の電力変換装置３に相当するのがインバータ、負荷４に相当するのが３相誘導電動機である。
なお、インバータはＩＧＢＴを使用したＩＰＭ（Intelligent Power Module）により基本周波数１７ｋＨｚのスイッチング動作を行っている。
【００２５】
ライン・ノイズ・フィルタとして、前記実施例１と同様に図１の回路構成のライン・ノイズ・フィルタを使用した。図１の入力側電源ライン間コンデンサ２１、２２および２３には静電容量０.２２μＦのメタライズド・ポリ・エステル・フィルム・コンデンサを使用した。
また、図１のコモン・モード・チョーク・コイル３１には前記実施例１で使用した＃１を使用した。
【００２６】
零相リアクトル５には単ロール法で製造した組成の異なる幅１５ｍｍ、板厚約２０μｍの非晶質軟磁性合金薄帯を用い、外径６０ｍｍ、内径４５ｍｍ、高さ２０ｍｍのトロイダル形状の巻磁心を製作した後、この巻磁心を結晶粒微細化温度で熱処理後、徐冷することによって製造された、最大寸法で測定した平均粒径が５０ｎｍ以下の体心立方格子構造を有する結晶粒が含まれている巻磁心を、ポリ・エチレン・テレフタレート製の絶縁体ケースに挿入し、同絶縁体ケースの上からインバータと３相誘導電動機を接続する出力ケーブルを４ターン巻き付けた＃２１から＃３１、単ロール法で製造した幅１５ｍｍ、板厚約２５μｍの非晶質軟磁性合金薄帯を用い、トロイダル形状の巻磁心を製作した後、この巻磁心を結晶化温度以下で熱処理後、徐冷することによって製造された巻磁心を用いた他は寸法と構造は前記＃２１から＃３１と同一の＃Ｄ、およびＭｎ−Ｚｎフェライト磁心を用いた他は寸法と構造は前記＃２１から＃３１と同一構造とした＃Ｅを使用した。
【００２７】
コモン・モード・チョーク・コイル３１に＃１を使用し、零相リアクトル５を使用しない場合、零相リアクトル５に前記＃２１から＃３１、＃Ｄおよび＃Ｅを用いたときの雑音端子電圧の測定結果を表３に示す。表３において、雑音端子電圧は特にその値が大きかった１５０ｋＨｚ、１.７ＭＨｚ、４ＭＨｚ、１０ＭＨｚの周波数で比較した。
なお、表３において、零相リアクトルの名称がなしと記載されているのが零相リアクトル５を使用しないときの結果である。
【００２８】
表３からわかるように、零相リアクトル５を挿入することにより、４つの周波数の全てにおいて雑音端子電圧を低下でき、特に１.７ＭＨｚと４ＭＨｚでの低減効果が大きいことがわかる。
また、最大寸法で測定した平均粒径が５０ｎｍ以下の体心立方格子構造を有する結晶粒が含まれている巻磁心を使用して構成した零相リアクトル＃２１から＃３１を使用した場合にはＣＩＳＰＲ Ｐｕｂ．１１ ＣＬＡＳＳ Ｂの雑音端子電圧の規格である１５０ｋＨｚで６６ｄＢμＶ以下、５００ｋＨｚから３０ＭＨｚで５６ｄＢμＶ以下の規格値を満足することができることがわかる。
【００２９】
【表３】

【００３０】
なお、本実施例では、最大寸法で測定した平均粒径が５０ｎｍ以下の体心立方格子構造を有する結晶粒が含まれている巻磁心として所定の形状の巻磁心を製作した後、この巻磁心を結晶粒微細化温度で熱処理後、徐冷することによって製造したものを使用した場合について説明したが、前記巻磁心の磁路と垂直方向に磁場を加えながら熱処理して磁心の直流磁気特性における角型比を低下させた磁心の場合にも、全く同様の効果が得られることは言うまでもない。
【００３１】
また、本実施例では最大寸法で測定した平均粒径が５０ｎｍ以下の体心立方格子構造を有する結晶粒が含まれている巻磁心を構成する軟磁性合金薄帯として、その板厚が約２０μｍのものを使用したが、３０μｍ以下の板厚であればコモン・モード・チョーク・コイルあるいは零相リアクトルの機能に支障を生じるような渦電流の影響はない。
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明のライン・ノイズ・フィルタを用いれば、広い周波数帯域に渡って高いノイズ減衰特性を有する小型で高性能かつ経時安定性にも優れた極めて信頼性の高いライン・ノイズ・フィルタを実現でき、零相リアクトルを追加することによってさらに大きなノイズ減衰効果が得られる他、本発明のライン・ノイズ・フィルタを使用した電力変換装置は小型で低漏れ電流でノイズ規格を満足することができるなど実用上の効果は極めて大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明によるライン・ノイズ・フィルタの回路構成を示すブロック図。
【図２】ライン・ノイズ・フィルタを挿入したときの電源、電力変換装置および負荷の接続構成を示すブロック図。
【図３】ライン・ノイズ・フィルタと零相リアクトルを挿入したときの電源、電力変換装置および負荷の接続構成を示すブロック図。
【図４】従来のライン・ノイズ・フィルタの回路構成を示すブロック図。
【図５】ライン・ノイズ・フィルタと零相リアクトルを挿入してないときの電源、電力変換装置および負荷の接続構成を示すブロック図。
【符号の説明】
１：電源、２：ライン・ノイズ・フィルタ、３：電力変換装置、４：負荷
５：零相リアクトル、１２、１３：ライン・ノイズ・フィルタの入力端子、
２１、２２、２３：入力側電源ライン間コンデンサ、
３１：コモン・モード・チョークコイル、
４２、４３：出力側電源ライン間コンデンサ、
５１、５２、５３：電源ラインとグランド間コンデンサ、
６２、６３：ライン・ノイズ・フィルタの出力端子、
７１：ライン・ノイズ・フィルタのグランド端子[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) countermeasure line noise filter inserted on the power supply line side of a power converter, and an inverter, a DC-DC converter, a switching power supply, and other power converters using the same. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the progress of high performance of semiconductor switching elements, power converters such as inverters, DC-DC converters, switching power supplies and the like are rapidly spreading. In particular, with the development of high-power semiconductor switch elements that support high frequencies, such as IGBTs and MOS-FETs, high-frequency power for large-capacity power converters, including low-noise inverters with switching frequencies above the upper limit of the audible frequency band. The process is being rapidly promoted.
[0003]
Along with the widespread use of such power conversion devices, there is a problem that high-frequency noise generated by the switching operation of the semiconductor switch element is propagated to the power supply line and interferes with other electronic devices connected to the same power supply line. . Therefore, a line noise filter is inserted between the power converter and the power converter that drives the load, or high frequency noise is sufficiently suppressed so as to suppress high frequency noise transmitted from the device that performs the switching operation to the power supply line. If not, a method of further inserting a zero-phase reactor between the power converter and the load is generally employed.
[0004]
FIG. 4 shows a circuit configuration of a conventional line noise filter. This line noise filter includes input terminals 11, 12, 13 connected to a power source, input side power line capacitors 21, 22, 23, common mode choke coil 31, output side power line capacitors 41, 42, 43. , Capacitors 51, 52, and 53 between the power line and ground, output terminals 61, 62, and 63 connected to the power converter, and a ground terminal 71 connected to the ground. The common mode choke coil 31 has a high magnetic permeability Mn—Zn ferrite magnetic core, a wound magnetic core using a high magnetic permeability Co-based amorphous soft magnetic alloy ribbon, or a structure described in JP-A-3-19303. A wound magnetic core using a Fe-based soft magnetic alloy ribbon containing crystal grains having a body-centered cubic lattice structure with an average grain size of 50 nm or less measured at the maximum dimension is used.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Like a low-noise type high-frequency inverter using IGBT or a switching power supply with an active filter added to suppress the generation of harmonic current, which is a drawback of the capacitor-input rectifier circuit used in ordinary power supply equipment , FCC (Federal Communications Commission) Part 15, FTZ VDE (German Electrical Engineers Association) 0871, VCCI (Information Processing Equipment and other radio wave interference voluntary regulations council) ) Or CISPR (International Radio Interference Special Committee) and other noise standards, the common mode choke coil 31 is used in order to reduce the noise in the low frequency region defined by the above standards below the standard value. Increase the inductance of the power supply line and ground 51 , 52 and 53 need to be increased in capacity.
[0006]
However, when the capacitances of the capacitors 51, 52, 53 between the power supply line and the ground are increased, the leakage current that inevitably flows from each line to the ground increases. Since this leakage current leads to an electric shock, for example, it is regulated by the Electrical Appliance and Material Control Law to be 1 mA or less for general electric equipment. Therefore, in the conventional line noise filter, the capacitance of the capacitors 51, 52, 53 between the power supply line and the ground is limited by the specified value of the leakage current, so the inductance of the common mode choke coil 31 must be increased, There is a problem that the common mode choke coil 31 is enlarged, and as a result, the line noise filter is enlarged. Moreover, noise suppression was not sufficient.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
1st invention contains Si and / or B, and the crystal grain refinement | purification element Cu , the average of the particle size measured by the largest dimension is 50 nm or less, and the said crystal grain is at least of structure | tissue A line noise filter using a magnetic core made of a Fe-based soft magnetic alloy occupying 50%, wherein a capacitor is connected only between each power line on the input side of the line noise filter. It is a filter.
[0009]
By configuring as described above, the standard value of the low frequency region in the noise standards such as FCC Part 15, FTZ VDE 0871, VCCI or CISPR can be obtained by using a small number of parts and a small common mode choke coil. Satisfied and can downsize line noise filter. In addition, since no capacitor between the power supply line and the ground is used, the leakage current can be extremely reduced, which is preferable.
[0010]
A second invention is a power converter having the line noise filter of the first invention on the power supply line side. Furthermore, it is preferable to have a zero-phase reactor on the load side of the power converter, because high-frequency noise can be suppressed. Here, the zero-phase reactor contains Si and / or B and the crystal grain refining element Cu, and has an average grain size of 50 nm or less measured at the maximum dimension, and the crystal grain has a texture. Use of a magnetic core made of an Fe-based soft magnetic alloy occupying at least 50% is preferable because the zero-phase reactor can be miniaturized and the size of the power converter can be miniaturized.
[0011]
The power converter characterized in that the line noise filter of the present invention is inserted on the power supply line side of the power converter is preferable because it can satisfy the noise standard despite its small size and low leakage current. A power conversion device in which a zero-phase reactor is inserted on the load side of the power conversion device is particularly preferable because it can effectively suppress noise in the frequency region of the MHz band or higher.
[0012]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A line noise filter 2 is inserted on the power line side of an inverter with a single-phase AC 200V input for driving a three-phase induction motor with an output of 400 W and a rated capacity of 1.2 kVA, and the noise terminal voltage is CISPR Pub. An implementation test was conducted to determine whether the specified value was satisfied. In this mounting test, an inverter corresponds to the power conversion device 3 in FIG. 2, and a three-phase induction motor corresponds to the load 4.
The inverter performs a switching operation at a fundamental frequency of 17 kHz by an IPM (Intelligent Power Module) using an IGBT.
[0013]
The line noise filter having the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 1 was used as the line noise filter. As the capacitors 21, 22 and 23 between the input side power supply lines in FIG. 1, metallized polyester film capacitors having a capacitance of 0.22 μF were used.
[0014]
The common mode choke coil 31 shown in FIG. 1 is made of an amorphous soft magnetic alloy ribbon having a width of 15 mm and a thickness of about 20 μm produced by a single roll method. The outer diameter is 42 mm, the inner diameter is 25 mm, and the height is high. A body-centered cubic body having a mean particle diameter of 50 nm or less, measured at the maximum dimension, was produced by manufacturing a toroidal-shaped core having a thickness of 15 mm and then heat-treating the core at a crystal grain refining temperature and then gradually cooling it. Copper core with a polyurethane insulation coating with a wire diameter of 1.4 mm from above the insulator case is inserted into the insulator case made of poly (ethylene terephthalate), and the wound core containing crystal grains having a lattice structure is inserted. # 1 to # 11 were used in which the wire was wound for 15 turns for each phase.
[0015]
In addition, the common mode choke coil 31 of FIG. 1 uses, as a comparative example, an amorphous soft magnetic alloy ribbon having a width of 15 mm and a thickness of about 25 μm manufactured by a single roll method and having a toroidal shape. #A, which has the same dimensions and structure as those of # 1 to # 11, except that the wound core was manufactured by heat-treating the wound core at a temperature lower than the crystallization temperature and then slowly cooling it. Other than the use of Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic core and #B, the case of using #C having the same structure and the same structure as # 1 to # 11 was also examined.
[0016]
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the noise terminal voltage. In Table 1, the noise terminal voltage was compared at frequencies of 150 kHz, 1.7 MHz, 4 MHz, and 10 MHz, where the values were particularly large.
[0017]
[Table 1]

[0018]
According to the present invention, CISPR Pub. 11 CLASS A noise terminal voltage standards of 150 kHz to 500 kHz, 79 dBμV or less, and 500 kHz to 30 MHz, 73 dBμV or less can be satisfied, and the four frequencies shown in Table 1 have a margin of 3 dBμV or more with respect to the standard. You can see that
[0019]
On the other hand, in the comparative example using #A, the noise terminal voltage standard is satisfied at a frequency of 150 kHz as shown in Table 1, and in the comparative example using #C at 150 kHz and 4 MHz as shown in Table 1. I couldn't.
[0020]
Further, in the comparative example using #B, the standard of the noise terminal voltage could be satisfied, but when the inverter was measured again after a 1000-hour continuous operation test, the noise terminal voltage was measured at a frequency of 150 kHz. The noise terminal voltage could not satisfy the standard value. As a result of investigating this cause, it was found that the inductance of the #B coil was reduced to ¼ of the value immediately before the start of continuous operation. Therefore # B were found to be not available from the problem of aging. In addition, when other coils except #B were used, there was no problem of such a change with time.
[0021]
Accordingly, constitute a line noise filter arrangement of FIG. 4 using the respective coils except for # B, Table 2 shows the results of the noise terminal voltage was measured in the same manner as in Table 1. The input side power line capacitors 21, 22, 23 and the output side power line capacitors 41, 42, 43 in FIG. 4 are metallized polyester film capacitors having a capacitance of 0.22 μF, A ceramic capacitor having a capacitance of 4,700 pF was used as a capacitor between the grounds.
[0022]
In the comparative examples shown in Table 2, it can be seen that none of the noise terminal voltage standards can be satisfied at a frequency of 150 kHz.
In addition, when # 1 to # 11 are used, the line noise filter of the present invention having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 has a noise terminal voltage in the low frequency region, particularly in comparison with the comparative example having the configuration shown in FIG. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the suppression effect is large, and the difference is as large as 10 dBμV.
[0023]
[Table 2]

[0024]
(Example 2)
Insert a single-phase AC200V input for driving a 3-phase induction motor with an output of 400W, a line noise filter 2 on the power line side of an inverter with a rated capacity of 1.2 kVA, and a zero-phase reactor 5 on the 3-phase induction motor side as a load. 3, a mounting test was performed to determine whether the noise terminal voltage satisfies the CISPR Pub. 11 specified value as shown in FIG. In this mounting test, an inverter corresponds to the power conversion device 3 in FIG. 3, and a three-phase induction motor corresponds to the load 4.
The inverter performs a switching operation at a fundamental frequency of 17 kHz by an IPM (Intelligent Power Module) using an IGBT.
[0025]
As the line noise filter, the line noise filter having the circuit configuration shown in FIG. As the capacitors 21, 22 and 23 between the input side power supply lines in FIG. 1, metallized polyester film capacitors having a capacitance of 0.22 μF were used.
The common mode choke coil 31 shown in FIG. 1 is # 1 used in the first embodiment.
[0026]
The zero-phase reactor 5 is an amorphous soft magnetic alloy ribbon having a width of 15 mm and a thickness of about 20 μm manufactured by a single roll method, and a toroidal wound core having an outer diameter of 60 mm, an inner diameter of 45 mm, and a height of 20 mm. Including a crystal grain having a body-centered cubic lattice structure with an average grain size measured at the maximum dimension of 50 nm or less, which is manufactured by heat-treating this wound magnetic core at a grain refinement temperature and then slowly cooling it. # 21 to # 31, in which the wound magnetic core is inserted into an insulator case made of polyethylene terephthalate, and the output cable connecting the inverter and the three-phase induction motor is wound four turns from above the insulator case. After producing a toroidal wound core using an amorphous soft magnetic alloy ribbon having a width of 15 mm and a thickness of about 25 μm manufactured by a single roll method, the wound core was heat treated at a temperature below the crystallization temperature, The dimensions and structure are the same as those of # 21 to # 31 except that the wound magnetic core manufactured by slow cooling is used, and the dimensions and structure are from # 21 except that the Mn-Zn ferrite magnetic core is used. #E having the same structure as # 31 was used.
[0027]
When # 1 is used for the common mode choke coil 31 and the zero-phase reactor 5 is not used, the noise terminal voltage when the # 21 to # 31, #D and #E are used for the zero-phase reactor 5 Table 3 shows the measurement results. In Table 3, the noise terminal voltages were compared at frequencies of 150 kHz, 1.7 MHz, 4 MHz, and 10 MHz, which were particularly large.
In Table 3, the name of the zero-phase reactor is described as “none” as a result when the zero-phase reactor 5 is not used.
[0028]
As can be seen from Table 3, by inserting the zero-phase reactor 5, the noise terminal voltage can be lowered at all four frequencies, and the reduction effect is particularly large at 1.7 MHz and 4 MHz.
In addition, when zero-phase reactors # 21 to # 31 configured using a wound magnetic core including crystal grains having a body-centered cubic lattice structure with an average particle size measured at the maximum dimension of 50 nm or less are used. CISPR Pub. It can be seen that the standard value of the noise terminal voltage of 11 CLASS B, which is 66 dBμV or less at 150 kHz, and 56 dBμV or less from 500 kHz to 30 MHz, can be satisfied.
[0029]
[Table 3]

[0030]
In the present embodiment, a wound core having a predetermined shape is manufactured as a wound core containing crystal grains having a body-centered cubic lattice structure with an average particle size measured at the maximum dimension of 50 nm or less. In the DC magnetic characteristics of the magnetic core, the heat treatment was performed by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetic path of the wound core. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained even in the case of a magnetic core with a reduced squareness ratio.
[0031]
Further, in this example, as a soft magnetic alloy ribbon constituting a wound magnetic core containing crystal grains having a body-centered cubic lattice structure with an average grain size measured at the maximum dimension of 50 nm or less, the plate thickness is about 20 μm. However, if the plate thickness is 30 μm or less, there is no influence of eddy currents that would impede the function of the common mode choke coil or the zero-phase reactor.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, when the line noise filter of the present invention is used, it is a highly reliable line noise filter that has a high noise attenuation characteristic over a wide frequency band and is excellent in stability over time. A filter can be realized, and by adding a zero-phase reactor, a larger noise attenuation effect can be obtained. In addition, the power conversion device using the line noise filter of the present invention is small and satisfies the noise standard with low leakage current. The practical effect is extremely large.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of a line noise filter according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a connection configuration of a power supply, a power conversion device, and a load when a line noise filter is inserted.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a connection configuration of a power supply, a power converter, and a load when a line noise filter and a zero-phase reactor are inserted.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional line noise filter.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a connection configuration of a power supply, a power converter, and a load when a line noise filter and a zero-phase reactor are not inserted.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: power supply, 2: line noise filter, 3: power converter, 4: load 5: zero-phase reactor, 12, 13: input terminal of line noise filter,
21, 22, 23: Capacitor between input side power supply lines,
31: Common mode choke coil,
42, 43: Capacitor between output side power supply lines,
51, 52, 53: Capacitor between power line and ground,
62, 63: output terminals of line noise filter,
71: Ground pin for line noise filter

Claims (3)

Fe group containing Si and / or B and grain refinement element Cu , having an average grain size of 50 nm or less measured in the maximum dimension, wherein said crystal grain accounts for at least 50% of the structure A line noise filter using a magnetic core made of a soft magnetic alloy, wherein a capacitor is connected only between each power line on the input side of the line noise filter. ·filter. 2. The line noise filter according to claim 1, wherein the noise terminal voltage at a frequency of 150 kHz is reduced by 10 dBμV or more compared to a case where a capacitor is also connected on the output side. A power converter having the line noise filter according to claim 1 or 2 on a power supply line side.

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