JP4291350B2 - Wireless communication device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wireless communication device that performs wireless communication with a plurality of response devices existing in a communication area of an antenna and reads unique identification information of each response device without contact.

  In recent years, small-sized response devices have been developed that can transmit data stored in memory or write received data in memory by performing wireless communication with wireless communication devices using electromagnetic waves or radio waves. It is used in various fields such as distribution, logistics, transportation and security. This type of response device is generally called an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), a wireless tag, an IC tag, an electronic tag, or the like. The wireless communication device is called a tag reader, a tag reader / writer, an interrogator, a base station, or the like.

  One of the characteristic functions of a wireless communication system using such a wireless communication device and a response device is a function that allows the wireless communication device to receive data from a plurality of response devices substantially simultaneously. With this function, for example, when a response device is attached to each of a large number of articles, information specific to the article can be read from the response devices of each article almost simultaneously without contact. Increase efficiency.

  One of the functions for realizing this function is a function for controlling a response procedure of a response device called anti-collision (collision prevention). As representative algorithms adopted in international standards, there are a binary tree method and a time slot method. The time slot method is an access control method widely used in packet communication such as a wireless local area network (LAN) and is also called an ALOHA method. Incidentally, Gen. 1 which is one of RFID communication standards proposed by EPC (Electronic Product Code) Global, an RFID standardization organization. The 2 (Generation 2) standard also uses the time slot method.

An operation of a general time slot type anti-collision function will be described.
First, the radio communication device designates a specific number of slots (2 ⁰ to 2 ^Q : Q is a fixed value of 1 or more) for a plurality of response devices existing in the communication area of the antenna, and a predetermined number of times. Assign a slot. On the other hand, each response device generates a random number within the range of the designated number of slots. For example, when a 2-bit (Q = 1) slot number is designated, each responding device generates a 2-bit random number [00], [01], [10], or [11]. Then, a response of identification information is returned to the wireless communication device using a time slot at a timing that matches the generated random number.

  At this time, if only one response device returns a response to one time slot, the wireless communication device can read the identification information of the response device. However, a collision occurs when a plurality of response devices return responses to one time slot at the same time. Therefore, the wireless communication device cannot read the identification information of these response devices.

  When the identification information of the responding device is not read, the wireless communication device newly assigns a predetermined number of time slots. In response to this, the response device that has not completed the response of the identification information due to the occurrence of a collision or the like generates a random number again. Then, a response is returned to the wireless communication device using a time slot having a timing that matches the generated random number. By repeating such a series of processes in a short time, the wireless communication device can read identification information from a plurality of response devices substantially simultaneously.

  By the way, the time required for the wireless communication device to read the identification information of all the response devices varies depending on the correlation between the number of time slots (hereinafter referred to as allocation slots) assigned by the wireless communication device and the number of response devices. . Therefore, the wireless communication device recalculates and determines the optimal number of assigned slots when assigning time slots to each responding device. A predetermined probability calculation is used for calculating the number of assigned slots.

For example, when the number of response devices that have left the identification information unread, that is, when the number of unread response devices is unknown, the time slot in which no identification information is sent from the response device among the time slots allocated by the wireless communication device, The number of so-called empty slots, the time slot in which there was one responding device that transmitted identification information, the number of so-called successful reading slots, and the time slot in which multiple responding devices transmitted identification information in the same time slot, so-called collision slot Based on each count value, the probability density function with the number of unread response devices as a random variable is obtained, the number of unread response devices with the maximum probability density function is calculated, and the calculated number is unread. Estimated number of responding devices. And the method of newly determining the number of allocation slots based on this estimated number is known (for example, refer patent document 1).
JP-A-11-282975

  However, in this type of conventional wireless communication device, each time a time slot is assigned to each response device, the number of successful read slots, empty slots, and collision slots are counted in order to calculate the estimated number of unread response devices. Furthermore, since the probability density function using the number of unread response devices as a random variable is obtained from these count values, and the number of unread response devices with the maximum probability density function is calculated, there is a problem that the calculation load is large. there were.

  The present invention has been made based on such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication apparatus capable of calculating the estimated number of unread response apparatuses with a small calculation load.

  In the present invention, when a signal for allocating a predetermined number of slots to one or more response devices is transmitted from the antenna, unread response devices whose identification information has not yet been read out of the response devices that have received this signal individually assign one slot. In a wireless communication device that reads the identification information of each responding device using a wireless communication system that selects and transmits the identification information unique to the responding device in the slot, the slot counting period within a predetermined period after transmitting the signal A total slot counter for counting all slots in the slot, and an empty slot counter for counting the number of empty slots for which the responding device has not transmitted identification information among all slots in the slot counting period; Then, the estimated number of unread response devices at the time when the predetermined period has passed is counted for each count value of the total slot number counter and the empty slot number counter and the predetermined period is opened. An estimated value calculating means that is calculated based on the number of slots allocated by the signal transmitted from time to time, and a determination that determines the number of slots to be allocated by the signal to be transmitted next based on the estimated value calculated by the estimated value calculating means Means.

  According to the present invention in which such a measure is taken, it is possible to obtain an effect that the estimated number of unread response devices can be calculated with a small calculation load.

The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, unique identification information is read in a non-contact manner from a plurality of response devices called RFIDs, wireless tags, etc., using a time slot method which is a kind of wireless communication method. This is a case where the present invention is applied to a wireless communication apparatus.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of a wireless communication apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. As illustrated, the wireless communication device 1 includes a data input / output unit 11, a transmission / reception processing unit 12, a storage unit 13, and a control unit 14 that controls them.

  The data input / output unit 11 receives data from an external device (not shown) connected so as to be capable of data communication via a communication cable or the like, and gives predetermined data to the control unit 14 under control of the control unit 14. And a function of transmitting to the external device. The transmission / reception processing unit 12 has a function of modulating a transmission signal given from the control unit 14 and transmitting the signal wirelessly from the antenna 2, and a function of demodulating a signal received by the antenna 2 and giving the control unit 14. The storage unit 13 is a nonvolatile rewritable memory area.

  The wireless communication device 1 having such a configuration performs time slot wireless communication with a plurality of (six in the figure) response devices 4A to 4F existing in the communication area 3 of the antenna 2, and each of the response devices 4A to 4F Each unique identification information is read without contact.

  That is, the wireless communication device 1 transmits a signal for allocating a predetermined number of time slots from the antenna 2 to one or more response devices 4 (hereinafter, the response devices 4A to 4F are collectively referred to as “4”). To do. Then, the response devices 4 that have not yet read the identification information among the response devices 4 that have received this signal individually select one time slot. Then, the selected time slot is transmitted by including identification information unique to the responding device.

  Here, when only one response device 4 transmits identification information for one time slot, the wireless communication device 1 can acquire the identification information of the response device 4 from this time slot. Such a time slot is hereinafter referred to as a successful reading slot.

  On the other hand, when a plurality of response devices 4 transmit identification information for one time slot, the transmission signal is disturbed, so that the wireless communication device 1 acquires the identification information of these response devices 4. I can't. Such a time slot is hereinafter referred to as a collision slot. Further, even when there is no response device 4 that transmits the identification information for one time slot, the identification information cannot be acquired. Such a time slot is hereinafter referred to as an empty slot.

  The collision slot and the empty slot can be identified based on whether or not the radio wave intensity received by the wireless communication device 1 exceeds a predetermined threshold in a time slot other than the successful reading slot. That is, a time slot whose radio field intensity is higher than a threshold value may be a collision slot, and a low slot may be an empty slot.

  When the wireless communication device 1 can acquire the identification information of the response device 4 existing in the communication area 3 of the antenna 2, the wireless communication device 1 transmits the signal including the identification information to thereby respond to the response device 4 having the identification information. Is notified that the identification information has been successfully read. Then, the response device 4 that has received this notification does not transmit the identification information thereafter. Thereafter, the wireless communication device 1 communicates with the response device 4 having the corresponding identification information by transmitting a signal including the acquired identification information as necessary, and acquires other information included in the corresponding response device 4. Or writing arbitrary information to the corresponding response device 4.

  Note that Gen. 1, which is one of RFID communication standards. In the second standard, a 16-bit random number is used as identification information of the response device 4 when performing anti-collision. This 16-bit random number is single-use disposable identification information that changes every time the response device 4 transmits identification information. And Gen. In the second standard, immediately after the wireless communication device 1 notifies the corresponding response device 4 that the disposable identification information has been successfully read, the response device 4 transmits identification information specific to the response device to the wireless communication device 1. In general, the identification information unique to the responding device has a size of about 10 times 16 bits. In the 2 standard, when the wireless communication device 1 selects one response device 4 from a large number of response devices 4 to secure a link, that is, when performing anti-collision, short identification information different from response device-specific identification information is used. By using it, the time required for anti-collision is shortened.

  In the present embodiment, the identification information refers to identification information when performing the above-described anti-collision. However, in order to simplify the explanation, it is assumed that the identification information unique to the response device is the same as the identification information when performing anti-collision.

  FIG. 2 is a timing diagram showing an example of signals transmitted and received between the wireless communication device 1 and the six response devices 4A to 4F existing in the communication area 3 of the antenna 2 for only one cycle. Time passes from left to right in the figure.

  First, the wireless communication device 1 specifies the number of assigned slots for each of the response devices 4A to 4F by the cycle start signal start1. In the case of FIG. 2, the number of assigned slots “8” is designated. Then, each of the response devices 4A to 4F selects any one of the eight time slots with the assigned slot numbers s1 to s8, and tries to transmit its own identification information to the wireless communication device 1.

  In the case of FIG. 2, the response device 4A selects the time slot with the assigned slot number s1 and transmits the identification information a. Further, the response device 4C selects the time slot with the assigned slot number s4 and transmits the identification information c. On the other hand, the two response devices 4B and 4D both select the time slot with the assigned slot number s2 and transmit the identification information b and d. Similarly, the two response devices 4E and 4F both select the time slot with the assigned slot number s5 and transmit the respective identification information e and f. For the remaining four time slots of assigned slot numbers s3, s6, s7, and s8, there is no response device 4 that transmits identification information. That is, the time slots with allocation slot numbers s1 and s4 become successful reading slots, the time slots with allocation slot numbers s2 and s5 become collision slots, and the time slots with allocation slot numbers s3 and s6 to s8 become empty slots.

  Therefore, when the time slot with the assigned slot number s8 is received, the wireless communication device 1 has acquired the identification information of the response device 4A and the response device 4C. When the wireless communication device 1 acquires the identification information of the response device 4, the wireless communication device 1 includes the acquired identification information in the next time slot start signal nS to be transmitted. As a result, these response devices 4A and 4C do not transmit identification information in subsequent cycles. Thus, the response device 4 in which the identification information is read by the wireless communication device 1 and the identification information is not transmitted is referred to as an already-read response device 5.

  On the other hand, the identification information of the other response devices 4A, 4D, 4E, and 4F is not acquired in the wireless communication device 1. Therefore, the identification information of these response devices 4A, 4D, 4E, and 4F is not included in the time slot start signal nS. As a result, the response devices 4A, 4D, 4E, and 4F try to transmit the identification information using the designated time slot in the next cycle. As described above, the response device 4 in which the identification information is not read by the wireless communication device 1 and transmits the identification information in the next cycle is referred to as an unread response device 6.

  The wireless communication device 1 determines whether or not there is an unread response device 6 in which the identification information remains unread from the reception signals of all time slots for one cycle. For example, if there is a collision slot in one cycle, it is determined that there is an unread response device 6. Conversely, if all the time slots in one cycle are empty slots, it is determined that there is no unread response device 6.

  When it is determined that there is no unread response device 6, the wireless communication device 1 ends the identification information reading operation. On the other hand, when it is determined that there is an unread response device 6, the wireless communication device 1 determines a new allocation slot number (decision unit). Then, a new allocation slot number is designated for each response device 4 by the next cycle start signal startn (n is the number of transmissions of the cycle start signal).

  Here, probability calculation is conventionally used to determine a new number of assigned slots. Next, probability calculation for determining the number of assigned slots will be described.

  First, consider the probability that there will be only one responding device 4 that transmits identification information for one time slot. Thus, when there is one response device 4 that transmits identification information for one time slot, the wireless communication device 1 can acquire the identification information of the response device 4. That is, this probability is equivalent to the probability that the wireless communication device 1 can acquire the identification information of the response device 4 in one time slot.

  When the number of assigned slots designated by the wireless communication device 1 to the response device 4 is S and the number of unread response devices 6 among the response devices 4 existing in the communication area of the antenna 2 is t, the probability P1 (S, t ) Is expressed by the following equation [Equation 1].

  The formula [Equation 1] indicates that the probability that one unread response device 6 transmits the identification information for a certain time slot is 1 / S, and the other (t−1) unread response devices 6 have the identification information. The probability of not transmitting is (1-1 / S) ^ (t-1), and these probabilities and the number t of unread response devices 6 are integrated. The symbol “^” of the probability (1-1 / S) ^ (t−1) indicates a power.

  In the case of S = 8 in the formula [Equation 1], that is, when the probability P1 (8, t) is graphed, it is as shown in FIG. In the graph, the horizontal axis represents the number t of unread response devices 6, and the vertical axis represents the identification information acquisition probability P1 (8, t) for the number t.

  Here, the number t of the unread response devices 6 is a non-negative integer. In this case, it is known that the probability P1 (S, t) is maximized when the number of assigned slots S is equal to the number t of unread response devices 6. Therefore, by making the number of time slots assigned to the response device 4 by the wireless communication device 1, that is, the number S of assigned slots, always equal to the number t of the unread response devices 6, the wireless communication device 1 makes all the response devices 4 The time required to acquire the identification information can be shortened.

  However, the allocation slot number S that can be selected by the wireless communication apparatus 1 often takes a discrete value due to mounting restrictions. For example, Gen. In the 2 standard, the number of allocation slots S that can be selected by the wireless communication apparatus 1 is a power of 2, and is 16 types from 2 0 to 2 15. That is, the allocation slot number S takes discrete values such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,. For this reason, it is difficult to always make the allocation slot number S equal to the number t of the unread response devices 6.

  Therefore, the allocation slot number S when there are n types of allocation slot numbers S that can be selected by the wireless communication apparatus 1 is expressed as S (i) {i = 1, 2,..., N}, and S (i) And S (i + 1) have a relationship of S (i) <S (i + 1). In this case, when the number t of unread response devices 6 is a value between the allocation slot numbers S (i) and S (i + 1) that can be selected by the wireless communication device 1, the allocation slot number S (i). When the probability P1 (S (i), t) that the response device 4 that transmits the identification information for one time slot becomes one and the number of allocated slots S (i + 1) are specified. The probability P1 (S (i + 1), t) that one response device 4 transmits the identification information for one time slot is calculated. Then, the probability P1 (S (i), t) is compared with the probability P1 (S (i + 1), t), and the higher allocation slot number (S (i) or S (i + 1)) is determined. select. By doing so, it is possible to determine the number of time slots (number of assigned slots S) that the wireless communication device 1 assigns to the response device.

  Now, it is assumed that the wireless communication device 1 has information on the number of response devices 4 existing in the communication area 3 of the antenna 2 in advance. Further, the number of allocation slots that can be selected by the wireless communication device 1 is assumed to be three types, S (1) = 2, S (2) = 4, and S (3) = 8.

  In this case, the number of slots S (1) = 2, S (2) = 4, and S (3) = 8 are respectively substituted into the equation [Equation 1], and the number of assigned slots S (1) = 2. , S (2) = 4, S (3) = 8, the probability P1 (2, t), P1 (4,4) that there is one response device 4 that transmits identification information for one time slot. t) and P1 (8, t), the relationship between the respective probabilities P1 (2, t), P1 (4, t), P1 (8, t) and the number t of unread response devices 6 is As shown in the graph of FIG. Since [Numerical equation 2] is a numerical value with an infinite portion after the decimal point, the value truncated to a predetermined digit is stored in the storage unit 13. Since the truncation process is performed, there is an advantage that the estimated value te is necessarily smaller than the value of t1 (i) before truncation.

  In the figure, the number t of unread response devices 6 in which the probability P1 (2, t) and the probability P1 (4, t) are equal is assumed to be a value t1 (1). The number t of unread response devices 6 in which the probability P1 (4, t) and the probability P1 (8, t) are equal is assumed to be a value t1 (2). As is clear from the figure, the probability that the number of response devices 4 that transmit the identification information for one time slot is one, that is, the probability P1 (S, t) that the identification information of the unread response device 6 can be acquired is increased. For this purpose, when the number t of unread response devices 6 is smaller than the value t1 (1), the allocation slot number S may be set to “2”. Similarly, when the number t of unread response devices 6 is greater than or equal to the value t1 (1) and less than the value t1 (2), the allocated slot number S is “4”, and when the number t is equal to or greater than the value t1 (2), the allocated slot number S is “ It should be 8 ″.

  Here, when a time slot of a certain number of time slots S (i) is designated, a probability P1 (S (i), t) that the number of response devices 4 that transmit identification information for one time slot is one, and Probability P1 that the number of response devices 4 that transmit identification information for one time slot is one when the time slot having the next largest number of time slots S (i + 1) after the number of time slots S (i) is designated. When the value of the unread response device 6 in which (S (i + 1), t) is equal is expressed as t1 (i) {i = 1,2,..., N}, this value t1 (i) is It is calculated by the following equation [Equation 2]. In addition, in the mathematical formula [Equation 2], the symbol “ln” represents a natural logarithm.

  Therefore, the number t of the unread response devices 6 is compared with the value t1 (i) {i = 1, 2,..., N}, and the minimum value min [t1 (i)] with a value greater than or equal to the number t is obtained. Ask. The smaller time slot number S (i) of the time slot numbers S (i) and S (i + 1) taking the minimum value min [t1 (i)] is determined as the new allocation slot number S. To do. By doing so, the probability P1 (S, t) that the identification information of the unread response device 6 can be acquired can be maximized.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, for each type of assignable time slot number S (i) {i = 1, 2,..., N}, the time slot number S (i) and the time slot number S ( The number of unread response devices t1 (i) {i = 1, 2,... when the probability P1 (S, t) is equal to the number of time slots S (i + 1) next to i). n} is calculated. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, a correspondence data memory 15 in which the number of time slots S (i) and the corresponding number of unread response devices t1 (i) are set in association with each other is created and stored in the storage unit 13. deep.

  Incidentally, in the example of FIG. 5, the number of assignable time slots S (i) is S (1) = 2, S (2) = 4, S (3) = 8, S (4) = 16, S (5 ) = 32, and in this case, the number of unread response devices t1 (1) where the probabilities P1 (S, t) are equal between S (1) and S (2) is “2”, S ( 2) and S (3) have the same probability P1 (S, t), the number of unread response devices t1 (2) is “5”, and S (3) and S (4) have a probability P1 (S, t). The number of unread response devices t1 (3) equal to each other is “11”, and the number of unread response devices t1 (4) equal in probability P1 (S, t) between S (4) and S (5) is “22”. Each is calculated and set in the corresponding data memory 15.

  Note that the calculation of the mathematical formula [Equation 2] is performed by an external device of the wireless communication device 1, and the result is stored in the corresponding data memory 15 of the storage unit 13 via the data input / output unit 11. By doing so, it does not become a calculation load of the wireless communication device 1.

  By the way, in the above description, it is assumed that the wireless communication device 1 has information on the number of response devices 4 existing in the communication area 3 of the antenna 2 in advance. As long as it is held in advance, the number t of the remaining unread response devices 6 can be calculated by subtracting the number of successful reading slots from the number. However, depending on the application, it may be difficult for the wireless communication device 1 to have information on the number of response devices 4 in advance. For example, the identification information of each response device 4 is read in order to count the number of response devices 4 present in the communication area 3. In such a case, it is necessary to estimate the number t of unread response devices 6 by some method, and to determine a new allocation slot number S by comparing this estimated value with the value t1 (1).

  Next, a method for estimating the number t of unread response devices 6 will be described. First, a conventionally known method will be described. This conventional method counts the number of successful reading slots, the number of empty slots, and the number of collision slots, respectively, and counts all the slots within the slot counting period. Then, a probability density function using the number of slots as a random variable is calculated, and a value that maximizes the probability density function is used as an estimated value te of the unread response device 6. However, for example, if the number of successful reading slots is A, the number of empty slots is B, and the number of all slots in the slot counting period is C, the number of collision slots is obtained by (C-A-B). Similarly, assuming that the number of successful reading slots is A, the number of collision slots is D, and the number of all slots in the slot counting period is C, the number of empty slots is obtained by (C-A-D). If the number of successful reading slots is A, the number of empty slots is B, and the number of collision slots is D, the total number of slots is obtained by (A + B + D). For this reason, it is possible to omit the process of counting any one of the four slots. In the following description, the process of counting the number of collision slots is omitted.

  The occurrence rate of successful reading slots is equivalent to the probability that there is one response device 4 that transmits identification information for one time slot, and is represented by the probability P1 (S, t) of the above equation [Equation 1]. be able to. According to this, the occurrence rate of empty slots is represented by the probability P0 (S, t) of the following equation [Equation 3].

  The occurrence rate of collision slots is the number of collision slots obtained by subtracting the number of successful reading slots A and the number of empty slots B during the slot count period C from the slot count period C. It is indicated by the probability Pc (S, t) of [Equation 4].

  Therefore, the probability density function f (A, B, C) with the number of successful reading slots A, the number of empty slots B, and the total number of slots C in the slot counting period as random variables is calculated by calculating the number of slots A, B, C as follows. When expressed by a multinomial distribution as a variable, the following equation [Formula 5] is obtained.

  Here, S is a value set by the wireless communication device 1, and A, B, and C are values that can be counted by the wireless communication device 1. On the other hand, the number t of unread response devices 6 is an unknown number. Therefore, the mathematical formula [Mathematical Formula 5] can be expressed as the following mathematical formula [Mathematical Formula 6] as a function having the number t of unread response devices 6 as a variable.

  The value of t that maximizes the solution ft (t) of Equation [6] is the maximum likelihood estimate te of t. Therefore, after deriving the formula [Equation 6], a process of calculating the maximum likelihood estimated value te of t is performed. However, this maximum likelihood estimated value te is an estimated value of the unread response device 6 immediately before starting the counting of each slot. On the other hand, when the wireless communication device 1 designates the allocation slot number S for each response device 4 by the cycle start signal startn, the number of unread response devices 6 is then reduced by the number A of successful read slots. Therefore, at the time of determining the next allocation slot number S, the estimated value of the unread response device 6 is (te−A).

  Therefore, the wireless communication device 1 compares the estimated value (te−A) of the unread response device 6 with the value t1 (i) {i = 1, 2,..., N}, and estimates the estimated value (te−A). The minimum value min [t1 (i)] is obtained from the above values. The smaller time slot number S (i) of the time slot numbers S (i) and S (i + 1) taking the minimum value min [t1 (i)] is determined as the new allocation slot number S. To do.

  In such a conventional estimation method, the calculation load is particularly large when the maximum likelihood estimation value te of t is calculated after deriving the equation [Equation 6]. On the other hand, the estimated value (te−A) is the value of the unread response device 6 at the time when the counting period such as the number of slots A and B is completed. For this reason, if it takes time to calculate the maximum likelihood estimated value te, there is a possibility that a successful reading slot may occur even during the calculation of the maximum likelihood estimated value te. Therefore, the number of successful reading slots A2 generated during the calculation of the maximum likelihood estimated value te is also counted, and immediately after calculating the maximum likelihood estimated value te, the estimated value (te-A-A2) of the unread response device 6 and the value t1 (i) Compare {i = 1,2, ..., n}. Then, a minimum value min [t1 (i)] is obtained with a value t1 (i) equal to or greater than the estimated value (te-A-A2). The smaller time slot number S (i) of the time slot numbers S (i) and S (i + 1) taking the minimum value min [t1 (i)] is determined as the new allocation slot number S. There is a need to.

  By the way, as the number of all slots C in each slot counting period is larger, the value A / C obtained by dividing the number A of successful reading slots by the total number of slots C in the slot counting period is the occurrence rate of successful reading slots. Get closer to. Similarly, the value B / C obtained by dividing the number B of empty slots by the number C of all slots approaches the occurrence rate of empty slots. In the probability density function f (A, B, C) of the equation [Equation 5] or [Equation 6], the number of slots A, B, C is used as a random variable. For this reason, the slot count C is increased by increasing the slot counting period, so that the accuracy of the probability density function f (A, B, C) is increased. Eventually, the accuracy of the estimated value te of the unread response device 6 increases.

  On the other hand, the time required to estimate the number of unread response devices 6 is the sum of the counting period and the calculation time of the estimated value te, considering the counting start time of each slot number A, B, C. Become. The shorter the total time is, the faster the wireless communication device 1 can respond to changes in the number of unread response devices. That is, the identification information reading efficiency of the response device 4 is increased.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, by shortening the calculation time of the estimated value te, the time required to estimate the number of unread response devices is reduced, and the identification information reading efficiency of the response device 4 is increased. Specifically, the mathematical formula [Equation 6] is simplified.

  That is, the probability density function f (B, C) is calculated using the number B of empty slots and the number C of all slots in the slot counting period as random variables. This probability density function f (B, C) is expressed by the following equation [Equation 7] when expressed by a binomial distribution obtained from the number of slots B and C.

  This equation [Equation 7] is a binomial distribution of the random variable B in C independent trials. For this reason, the expected value m of the random variable B is expressed by the following equation [Equation 8].

  Here, in the derivation of the equation [Equation 7], the slot numbers B and C are treated as variables, but the slot numbers B and C can be counted by the wireless communication apparatus 1 as described above. S is a value set by the wireless communication device 1. On the other hand, the argument t of the function P0 (S, t) such that the solution m of the formula [Equation 8] has the same value as the number of empty slots B is an unread response device at the start of counting the number of empty slots B which is a random variable. The number should be 6 (estimated value te). Therefore, the number of slots B and C, the probability P 0 (S, t) of the equation [Equation 3], and the value S set by the wireless communication device 1 are substituted into the equation [Equation 8], and the unread response device Considering that an estimated value te of 6 is derived, the estimated value te can be easily obtained by the following equation [Equation 9].

  Note that the value S in the equation [Equation 9] is the number of assigned slots specified by the wireless communication device 1 immediately before the counting of the number of empty slots B is started, and the solution te derived from the equation [Equation 9] is the same. This is an estimated value of the unread response device 6 at the time. For this reason, the number of identification information read from the response device by the wireless communication device 1 within the period from when the wireless communication device 1 starts counting the number of empty slots B until the next allocation slot number S is determined, that is, When the number of successful reading slots is A1, the estimated value of the number of unread response devices at the time of determining the new allocation slot number S is (te−A1).

  Therefore, when the wireless communication device 1 determines the new number of allocation slots, the estimated value (te−A1) of the number of unread response devices 6 and the value t1 (i) {i = 1, 2,. } To obtain a minimum value min [t1 (i)] that is equal to or greater than the estimated value (te−A1). The smaller time slot number S (i) of the time slot numbers S (i) and S (i + 1) taking the minimum value min [t1 (i)] is determined as the new allocation slot number S. do it.

  Accordingly, the control unit 14 of the wireless communication device 1 performs an operation of reading the identification information of each response device 4 existing in the communication area 3 of the antenna 2 according to the procedure shown in the flowchart of FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the memory area used for executing this operation includes a memory 16 for the estimated number of unread response devices te, a counter 17 for the number of successful reading slots A1, and a counter 18 for the number of empty slots B. The counter 19 for the total slot number C within the slot counting period and the counter 20 for the cycle number n are formed in the storage unit 13.

  First, the control unit 14 resets the count value n of the cycle number counter 20 to “0” as ST (step) 1. In ST2, the count values A1, B, and C of the successful reading slot number counter 17, the empty slot number counter 18, and the total slot number counter 19 are all reset to “0”.

  Next, as ST3, the count value n of the cycle counter 20 is incremented by "1". Then, in ST4, it is determined whether the count value n of the cycle number counter 20 is “1” or more.

  When the count value n is “1”, the first cycle of the time slot method is started, so the control unit 14 transmits a cycle start signal start.1 to the transmission / reception processing unit 12 as ST5. At this time, the number of slots S assigned to each response device 4 by the cycle start signal start.1 is set to an initial value set in advance.

  Thereafter, the control unit 14 waits for reception of a time slot in ST6. If a time slot is received, it is determined in ST7 whether the received time slot is a successful reading slot. If the slot is a successful reading slot, the control unit 14 increments the count value A1 of the successful reading slot counter 17 by “1” as ST8. In ST11, the count value C of the total slot counter 19 is incremented by "1".

  On the other hand, when the reception time slot is not a successful reading slot, the control unit 14 determines whether or not it is an empty slot in ST9. If the reception time slot is an empty slot, the control unit 14 increments the count value B of the empty slot counter 18 by “1” in ST10. In ST11, the total slot number counter 19 is also counted up.

  On the other hand, if the reception time slot is neither a successful reading slot nor an empty slot, the control unit 14 only counts up the total slot counter 19 as ST11.

  Thereafter, the control unit 14 determines whether or not one cycle of the time slot method has been completed in ST12. If not, the process returns to ST6. Thus, the control unit 14 counts the number of successful reading slots A1 and the number of empty slots B and the total number of slots C within the counting period by the respective slot number counters 17, 18, and 19.

  When one cycle is completed, the control unit 14 determines, in ST13, the count value B of the empty slot number counter 18, the count value C of the total slot number counter 19, and the start signal start. The estimated value te is calculated by substituting the value S set as the number of assigned slots in (Estimated value calculating means). The estimated value te is set in the unread response device estimated number memory 16.

  However, the estimated value te is a value at the start of the one cycle. Therefore, the control unit 14 further updates the estimated value te in the unread response device estimated number memory 16 to a value (te−A1) obtained by subtracting the count value A1 of the successful reading slot number counter 17 in ST14 (estimated value calculation). means).

  After that, the control unit 14 determines whether or not the reading of the identification information is finished in ST15. For example, when a cycle in which all the time slots are empty slots continues N (N ≧ 1) times, it is determined that the reading is completed. If it is not possible to determine that the reading has been completed, the process returns to ST2 to reset each slot number counter A1, B, C to “0” and to increment the count value of the cycle number counter 20 by “1”. Then, the next cycle is executed.

  In this case, since the count value n of the cycle number counter 20 is “1” or more in ST4 and the nth cycle of the time slot method is started, the control unit 14 stores the unread response device estimated number memory 16 in ST16. With reference to the corresponding data memory 15 with the estimated value te, the minimum value t1 (i) greater than or equal to the estimated value te is selected. Further, the control unit 14 searches the corresponding data memory 15 as ST17, and acquires the number of time slots S (i) set corresponding to the selected value t1 (i) (search means). Then, in ST18, a cycle start signal start.n having the number of time slots S (i) as the allocated slot number is transmitted to the transmission / reception processing unit 12 (control means). Thereafter, the processing after ST6 is repeatedly executed.

  If it is determined in ST15 that reading has ended, the control unit 14 ends the current reading process.

  For example, the initial value of the number of assigned slots set in the wireless communication apparatus 1 is now “8”. As shown in FIG. 1, six response devices 4A to 4F exist in the communication area 3 of the antenna 2, and signals from the wireless communication device 1 and the response devices 4A to 4F in the first cycle. Assume that the transmission / reception pattern is as shown in FIG.

  In this case, the time slot reception times from the assigned slot numbers s1 to s7 are the counting periods by the respective slot number counters 17, 18, and 19, and the time slot reception time of the assigned slot number s8 is the next assigned slot number determination time. The number of successful reading slots A1 is “2”, the number of empty slots B is “3”, and the total number of slots C is “7”. The assigned slot number S immediately before counting the number of slots is an initial value “8”. Therefore, when the estimated value te is obtained by the mathematical formula [Equation 9], the estimated value te is “6.345. Further, since the number of successful reading slots A1 is “2”, the estimated value (te−A1) is “4.345...”, And this value is set in the unread response device estimated number memory 16. Since the number of unread response devices is a non-negative integer, the estimated value te = “4” may be set in the unread response device estimated number memory 16 by truncating after the decimal point.

  Thereby, before the start of the next cycle, the corresponding data memory 15 is referred to with the estimated value te = “4.345...” Or “4”, and the minimum value t1 (i) selected above the estimated value te is selected. To do. Further, the corresponding data memory 15 is searched to obtain the number of time slots S (i) set corresponding to the selected value t1 (i).

  Assuming that the data in the corresponding data memory 15 is as shown in FIG. 5, the minimum value t1 (i) is “5” (i = 2). Therefore, the number of time slots S (i) is “4” (i = 2). As a result, in the next cycle, the cycle start signal start2 with the assigned slot number S being “4” is transmitted by radio.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the estimated number te of unread response devices is calculated by using the formula [Equation 9] obtained by simplifying the formula [Equation 6] corresponding to the conventional method for calculating the estimated number of unread response devices. As a result, the calculation load can be reduced. In addition, the optimal number of allocated slots when the wireless communication device 1 reads the identification information of each response device 4 is not obtained by calculation, but is obtained by searching the corresponding data memory 15. Therefore, the calculation load of the wireless communication device 1 can be greatly reduced, and even a low-grade model having a low arithmetic processing capability can be applied as the wireless communication device 1, so that the cost can be reduced.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.

  For example, the mathematical formula [Equation 3] has a binomial distribution in which the variable is zero. It is known that the binomial distribution of the variable X can be approximated by the Poisson distribution of the random variable X. Accordingly, when the estimated number te of unread response devices is obtained by substituting the probability of approximating the mathematical formula [Equation 3] with Poisson distribution into the mathematical formula [Equation 8], the following mathematical formula [Equation 10] is obtained.

  Therefore, even if the estimated number te of unread response devices is obtained using the formula [Equation 10] instead of the equation [Equation 9], the calculation load can be reduced as compared with the conventional method.

  Further, the value t1 (i) may be obtained by the above equation [Equation 2] without referring to the corresponding data memory 15.

  The mathematical formula [Equation 1] has a binomial distribution with a variable “1”. As described above, the binomial distribution of the variable X can be approximated by the Poisson distribution of the random variable X. Therefore, a value t1 (i) obtained by approximating the mathematical expression [Equation 1] as a Poisson distribution is represented by the mathematical expression [Equation 11].

  Further, when S (i) is a geometric sequence of the first term a and the geometric ratio r, the mathematical formula [Equation 11] becomes the mathematical formula [Equation 12].

  Therefore, the value t1 (i) may be obtained by the equation [Equation 11] instead of the equation [Equation 2]. Further, when the value S (i) is a geometric sequence of the first term a and the geometric ratio r, it can also be obtained by the above equation [Equation 12].

  In the above embodiment, the estimated value te is obtained after the slot number counting period has elapsed by subtracting the number of successful reading slots A1 within the slot number counting period from the estimated value te calculated using Equation [Equation 9]. Although the estimated value (te−A1) of the unread response device 6 has been updated, the estimated value te calculated using the formula [Equation 9], that is, the estimated value te of the unread response device 6 at the start of the slot number counting period is used as it is. The next allocation slot number S may be determined by use. In this case, the successful reading slot number counter 17 can be omitted. Further, the process of ST14 in FIG. 7 can be omitted.

  In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, the constituent elements over different embodiments may be combined.

The block diagram which shows the principal part structure of the radio | wireless communication apparatus which is one embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing an example of signals transmitted and received between the wireless communication device and a plurality of response devices existing in the communication area of the antenna in the embodiment only for one cycle. The graph which shows the correspondence of probability P1 (8, t) with respect to the number of unread response apparatuses. The graph which shows the correspondence of probability P1 (2, t), probability P1 (4, t), probability P1 (8, t) with respect to the number of unread response apparatuses. The schematic diagram which shows an example of the data memorize | stored in the corresponding | compatible data memory of this Embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing main memory areas formed in a storage unit of the present embodiment. The flowchart which shows the principal part of the control procedure at the time of the control part reading the identification information of each response apparatus which exists in the communication area | region of an antenna in this Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wireless communication apparatus, 2 ... Antenna, 3 ... Communication area, 4 (4A-4F) ... Response apparatus, 11 ... Data input / output part, 12 ... Transmission / reception processing part, 13 ... Memory | storage part, 14 ... Control part, 15 ... Corresponding data memory, 16 ... Unread response device estimated number memory, 17 ... Read successful slot number counter, 18 ... Empty slot number counter, 19 ... Total slot number counter.

Claims (6)

When a signal for allocating a predetermined number of slots to one or more responding devices is transmitted from the antenna, unread responding devices whose identification information has not yet been read out of the responding devices that have received this signal individually select one slot. In the wireless communication device that reads the identification information of each response device using a wireless communication system that includes the identification information unique to the response device and transmits the information,
A total slot counter that counts all slots within a slot counting period within a predetermined period after transmitting the signal;
An empty slot counter that counts the number of empty slots in which the responding device does not transmit identification information among all slots in the slot counting period;
The estimated number of unread response devices at the time when the predetermined period has passed is based on the count values of the total slot number counter and the empty slot number counter and the number of slots allocated by the signal transmitted at the start of the predetermined period. Estimated value calculation means for calculating
Determining means for determining the number of slots to be allocated in the signal to be transmitted next based on the estimated value calculated by the estimated value calculating means ;
The estimated value calculating means includes C as the count value of the total slot number counter, B as the count value of the empty slot number counter, S as the number of slots allocated by the signal transmitted at the start of the predetermined period, When the occurrence probability of P0 is P0 (S, t), the value of t that satisfies the formula [B = C · P0 (S, t)] is calculated as the estimated number of unread response devices. Wireless communication device. For each type of assignable number of slots, the probability that the number of slots and the next largest number of slots is equal to the number of unread response devices that transmit the identification information in one slot is equal. A corresponding data storage unit for storing the number of unread response devices when
Search means for searching the corresponding data storage unit with the estimated value of the unread response device calculated by the estimated value calculation means and reading the number of slots corresponding to the estimated value;
Control means for transmitting from the antenna a signal for assigning the number of slots read from the storage unit by the search means;
The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: A successful reading slot number counter that counts the number of successful reading slots in which only one responding device transmits identification information among all slots within the slot counting period;
An estimated value updating means for updating the estimated value calculated by the estimated value calculating means to a value obtained by subtracting only the count value counted by the successful reading slot number counter;
The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the determining unit determines the number of slots to be allocated by the signal to be transmitted next based on the estimated value calculated by the estimated value updating unit. Before SL retrieval means, by comparing the estimated value and the corresponding data storage unit unread response device number stored in the unread response device before the time of transmitting the signal, the estimated value or the minimum unread responses 3. The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the number of devices is selected and the number of time slots corresponding to the number of unread response devices is read.   The estimated value calculation means, when the count value of the total slot number counter is C, the count value of the empty slot number counter is B and the number of slots allocated by the signal transmitted at the start of the predetermined period is S, 5. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the estimated number of unread response devices is calculated by an arithmetic expression [(lnB-lnC) / {ln (S-1) -lnS}]. .   The estimated value calculation means, when the count value of the total slot number counter is C, the count value of the empty slot number counter is B and the number of slots allocated by the signal transmitted at the start of the predetermined period is S, The wireless communication device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the estimated number of unread response devices is calculated by an arithmetic expression [-S (lnB-lnC)].

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