JP4274475B2 - Melting canister - Google Patents

Melting canister Download PDF

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JP4274475B2
JP4274475B2 JP2004241006A JP2004241006A JP4274475B2 JP 4274475 B2 JP4274475 B2 JP 4274475B2 JP 2004241006 A JP2004241006 A JP 2004241006A JP 2004241006 A JP2004241006 A JP 2004241006A JP 4274475 B2 JP4274475 B2 JP 4274475B2
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canister
melting
heat
cylindrical body
end surface
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JP2006058158A (en
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統一郎 佐々木
豪 立本
淳也 西脇
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NGK Insulators Ltd
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Description

本発明は、各種廃棄物を溶融固化処理するために使される溶融用キャニスタの改良に関する。   The present invention relates to an improvement of a melting canister used to melt and solidify various wastes.

原子力発電所その他の原子力関連施設から発生する金属、コンクリート、ガラスなどの放射性雑固体廃棄物は、高周波誘導加熱炉10において溶融、固化して減容処理されており、このためにセラミックス製のキャニスタ11(図3を参照)が用いられている。これら廃棄物は、キャニスタ11内で1400〜1500℃程度の高温で溶融処理されるが、廃棄物中に低沸点成分が含まれていると、それが溶湯12中で急激に気化して発泡し、溶湯表面から多量の跳ね散り13aが生じたり、一時的に溶湯表面が上昇して、その一部がキャニスタ外部に流出することがあり、この流出湯13が多量になると、キャニスタの昇降部材14に付着して昇降が円滑に行えなくなったり、炉内に溶融物が付着するという問題を生じた。   Radioactive miscellaneous solid waste such as metal, concrete and glass generated from nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities is melted and solidified in the high-frequency induction heating furnace 10 to reduce the volume. For this purpose, a ceramic canister 11 (see FIG. 3) is used. These wastes are melted at a high temperature of about 1400 to 1500 ° C. in the canister 11, but if the low-boiling components are contained in the waste, they are rapidly vaporized and foamed in the molten metal 12. A large amount of splash 13a may be generated from the molten metal surface, or the molten metal surface may rise temporarily, and a part of the molten metal flows out to the outside of the canister. As a result, it was difficult to move up and down smoothly, and a melt adhered to the furnace.

この対策として、多量の低沸点物質を含むような廃棄物を処理する場合には、前処理工程において、低沸点物質を含んだ固体廃棄物とそれ以外の固体廃棄物に分別したうえ、前者から先に溶融処理する方法が提案されている(特許文献1を参照)。しかし、この方法では、分別前処理の手間が無視できないうえ、完全に除去できなかった低沸点成分による溶湯の跳ね散りを防止できないという課題があった。
特開平6−273590号公報:請求項1、請求項2
As a countermeasure, when processing waste that contains a large amount of low-boiling substances, in the pre-treatment process, the waste is separated into solid waste that contains low-boiling substances and other solid waste. A method of performing a melting process has been proposed (see Patent Document 1). However, this method has problems that the labor of the pre-sorting process cannot be ignored and the splash of the molten metal due to the low boiling point component that cannot be completely removed cannot be prevented.
JP-A-6-273590: Claims 1 and 2

なお、本件出願人は、これらの問題を解決するものとして、すでに特願2003−86769号特許出願において改良された溶融用キャニスタを提案している。すなわち、図4に示すように、溶融用キャニスタ11の上部開口縁11aに内方に張出した庇部15aを形成した溢流防止リング15を設けるものである。   The present applicant has already proposed a canister for melting improved in the Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-86769 patent application as a solution to these problems. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, an overflow prevention ring 15 in which a flange portion 15 a projecting inward is formed on the upper opening edge 11 a of the melting canister 11 is provided.

このものは、溢流防止リング15の内方に張出した庇部15aによって溶湯の跳ね散りを防止しようとするものである。リング15の高さを高くすることが溢流防止に有効であったが、ドラム缶収納のために高さに制約があったため、溢流防止効果がさほど大きくなく、溢流発生原因物質(低沸点物質、可燃物)の混入許容量が少なかった。また、仮にリング高さを高くしてもドラム缶に収納するため溶融処理後にリングを切断する必要があり、二次廃棄物量が増加した。また、使い捨てリングのため1個のキャニスタにつき必ずリング1個分の処分費が加算され、処分コストが増加するという問題があった。   This is intended to prevent the molten metal from splashing by the flange portion 15a projecting inward of the overflow prevention ring 15. Increasing the height of the ring 15 was effective in preventing overflow, but because the height was restricted for storing the drum can, the overflow prevention effect was not so great, and the substance causing the overflow (low boiling point) Substances and combustible substances) were not allowed to be mixed. In addition, even if the ring height is increased, it is necessary to cut the ring after the melting process in order to store it in the drum can, and the amount of secondary waste increased. In addition, since the disposable ring is used, the disposal cost for one ring is always added for each canister, which increases the disposal cost.

本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、処理廃棄物量を減らすことなく、溶湯の跳ね散りによる流出を防止するとともに、この流出防止部材を簡単に取外して再利用することを可能とし、材料コストや処分コストを削減し、二次廃棄物量が発生しない溶融用キャニスタを提供する。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and prevents the outflow due to splashing of the molten metal without reducing the amount of processing waste, and easily removes and reuses the outflow prevention member. It is possible to provide a melting canister that can reduce the cost of materials and disposal and does not generate secondary waste.

上記の問題は、廃棄物を溶融するための溶融用キャニスタであって、キャニスタ本体の上端に、取外し可能な耐熱筒状体を載置し、組み合わせるにあたり、キャニスタ本体の上端の厚みを減少させ、その上端面を耐熱筒状体下端面に対して狭小に形成して組み合せ、かつ、そのキャニスタ本体の上端から直立する前記耐熱筒状体よりなる壁を形成し、溶湯の跳ね散りを防止して廃棄物を溶融するようにしたことを特徴とする溶融用キャニスタによって、解決することができる。また、本発明は、前記耐熱筒状体が、黒鉛を、好ましくは10wt%以上含有する耐熱スポーリング性セラミックである形態、あるいは前記耐熱筒状体の高さが100mm以上に形成されている形態の溶融用キャニスタとして具体化される。 The above problem is a melting canister for melting waste, placing a removable heat-resistant cylindrical body on the upper end of the canister body, and reducing the thickness of the upper end of the canister body in combination, its upper end face combined with narrowly formed for the lower end surface of the resistance heat tubular body, and forming the refractory cylindrical body from consisting wall upstanding from the upper end of that key Yanisuta body, splashing of the melt expulsion This can be solved by a melting canister characterized by preventing the waste and melting the waste. Further, in the present invention, the heat-resistant cylindrical body is a heat-resistant spalling ceramic containing graphite, preferably 10 wt% or more, or a form in which the height of the heat-resistant cylindrical body is 100 mm or more. It is embodied as a melting canister.

また、本発明の溶融用キャニスタは、前記キャニスタ本体の上端面に対して、前記耐熱筒状体の下端面が外側、内側のいずれか片側もしくは両側方向にオーバーハング形状に形成されていることを特徴とする形状が好ましい。また、前記前記耐熱筒状体の下端面の少なくとも内側、外側のいずれか片側部分が、前記キャニスタ本体の上端面角部に覆い被さる垂下形状に形成されている形態に具体化される。また、前記キャニスタ本体の上端面と前記耐熱筒状体の下端面との間に融着防止層を介在させて組み合わせるようにするのが好適である。 Further, in the melting canister of the present invention, the lower end surface of the heat-resistant cylindrical body is formed in an overhang shape on either the outer side or the inner side or both sides with respect to the upper end surface of the canister body. The feature shape is preferred. Also, at least the inner of the lower end surface of the said refractory cylindrical body, either one side portion of the outer, it is embodied on the upper end surface corner portions in the cover covers drooping form shape formed in the canister body. In addition, it is preferable that an anti-fusing layer is interposed between the upper end surface of the canister body and the lower end surface of the heat-resistant cylindrical body to combine them.

本発明の溶融用キャニスタは、このように、その溶融時には、キャニスタ本体の上端に溶融処理後に、取り外しして再利用可能な耐熱筒状体を組み合わせて用いるので、ドラム缶高さに基づく制約は無く、その耐熱筒状体がキャニスタ本体の上端から直立する壁を形成して、溶湯の跳ね散りによる流出を効果的に遮断して、防止できる。かくして、跳ね散り防止のために処理廃棄物量を減らす必要もないのである。   As described above, the melting canister of the present invention is used in combination with a heat-resistant cylindrical body that can be removed and reused after the melting process at the upper end of the canister body at the time of melting. The heat-resistant cylindrical body forms a wall standing upright from the upper end of the canister body, so that the outflow due to the splashing of the molten metal can be effectively blocked and prevented. Thus, it is not necessary to reduce the amount of processing waste to prevent splashing.

さらに、この耐熱筒状体は、黒鉛を含有する耐熱スポーリング性セラミックから構成され、または前記キャニスタ本体の上端面を前記耐熱筒状体の下端面に対して狭小に形成し、前記耐熱筒状体の下端面をオーバーハング形状に形成したり、あるいは耐熱セラミック質または炭素質のシートからなる融着防止層を介在させるなどして、耐熱筒状体は取外し可能に組み合わせられるので、溶融処理後に耐熱筒状体を溶融用キャニスタから取り外すことができ、再利用可能であり、従来のようなドラム缶収納のための切断は不要であり、従って二次廃棄物量が増えない利点が得られる。   Furthermore, this heat-resistant cylindrical body is made of a heat-resistant spalling ceramic containing graphite, or the upper end surface of the canister body is formed narrower than the lower end surface of the heat-resistant cylindrical body, Since the bottom end surface of the body is formed in an overhang shape, or the anti-fusing layer made of a heat-resistant ceramic or carbon sheet is interposed, the heat-resistant cylindrical body is detachably combined, so after the melting treatment The heat-resistant cylindrical body can be removed from the melting canister, can be reused, and does not require cutting for storing drums as in the prior art. Therefore, there is an advantage that the amount of secondary waste does not increase.

また、前記前記耐熱筒状体の下端面の少なくとも内側、外側のいずれか片側部分が、前記キャニスタ本体の上端面角部に覆い被さる垂下形状に形成されている形態に具体化した場合は、それぞれの組み合わせがずれにくくなり所定の位置に位置決めされるので、取り扱いが簡便になるという利点も得られる。よって本発明は、従来の問題点を解消した溶融用キャニスタとして、一般の産業廃棄物処理に広く利用でき、その工業的価値はきわめて大なるものがある。   Further, when at least one of the inner side and the outer side of the lower end surface of the heat-resistant cylindrical body is embodied in a hanging shape that covers the upper end surface corner of the canister body, Since the combination is difficult to shift and positioned at a predetermined position, there is an advantage that the handling is simple. Therefore, the present invention can be widely used for general industrial waste treatment as a melting canister that solves the conventional problems, and its industrial value is extremely large.

次に、本発明の溶融用キャニスタに係る実施形態について、図1、2を参照しながら説明する。
本発明の溶融用キャニスタは、放射性雑固体廃棄物を含む各種廃棄物を溶融するための溶融用キャニスタであって、図1に示すように、その溶融時には、キャニスタ本体2の上端21に、取外し可能な耐熱筒状体3を載置し、組み合わせて用いるようにした点に特徴がある。この耐熱筒状体3は、放射性雑固体廃棄物を溶融するに先立ってキャニスタ本体2の上端21に組み合わされ、溶融処理後にキャニスタ本体2から取り外されるものである。
Next, an embodiment according to the melting canister of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The melting canister of the present invention is a melting canister for melting various kinds of waste including radioactive miscellaneous solid waste, and is removed from the upper end 21 of the canister body 2 at the time of melting as shown in FIG. It is characterized in that the possible heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 is placed and used in combination. The heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 is combined with the upper end 21 of the canister body 2 prior to melting the radioactive miscellaneous solid waste, and is removed from the canister body 2 after the melting process.

このキャニスタ本体2自体は、高周波による誘導加熱ができる導電性容器であって、この材質自体は公知である。例えば、カーボンを含有させ導電性を付与したアルミナ系またはジルコニア系などのセラミックスよりなり、その形状は、例えば内径480mm、高さ790mm、厚さ30mmに成形されている。   The canister body 2 itself is a conductive container capable of induction heating by high frequency, and the material itself is known. For example, it is made of an alumina-based or zirconia-based ceramic containing carbon and imparting conductivity, and the shape thereof is formed, for example, with an inner diameter of 480 mm, a height of 790 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm.

そして、キャニスタ本体2の上端21に、取外し可能に載置して組合される耐熱筒状体3は、キャニスタ本体2に接合可能である範囲の肉厚を有した筒状耐熱体である。この耐熱筒状体3の材質は、キャニスタ本体2と同程度の耐熱性を有し、溶融時の高温状態においてキャニスタ本体2と反応しにくい材料が好ましく、具体的には、黒鉛を含有する耐熱スポーリング性セラミックが好適である。この場合、この黒鉛の含有量は10wt%以上が好ましく、さらに好ましくは20%以上とするのが高い耐熱スポーリング性が得られるので好適である。   The heat-resistant tubular body 3 that is detachably mounted on the upper end 21 of the canister body 2 is a tubular heat-resistant body having a thickness within a range that can be joined to the canister body 2. The material of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 is preferably a material having a heat resistance comparable to that of the canister body 2 and hardly reacting with the canister body 2 in a high temperature state at the time of melting. A spalling ceramic is preferred. In this case, the graphite content is preferably 10 wt% or more, and more preferably 20% or more, because high heat spalling properties can be obtained.

この耐熱筒状体3は、キャニスタ本体2の上端21上に防壁を構成することにより溶湯の流出を防止するのであるから、その高さはキャニスタ本体2の形状に応じた十分な高さが必要であるが、少なくとも100mmの高さを確保する必要があり、好ましくは200mm以上とするのがよい。   Since the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 prevents a molten metal from flowing out by forming a barrier on the upper end 21 of the canister body 2, its height needs to be sufficiently high according to the shape of the canister body 2. However, it is necessary to ensure a height of at least 100 mm, and preferably 200 mm or more.

また、図1に示すように耐熱筒状体3の上部先端に開口を狭めている返し部34を設けると、溶湯の流出防止のために効果的であるが、本発明には必ずしも必須の構造ではない。
なお、キャニスタ本体2および耐熱筒状体3には通常表面にグレーズを塗布するが、融着を避けるためそれぞれの組合せ面にはグレーズを塗布しないのが適当である。
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, it is effective to prevent the molten metal from flowing out by providing a return portion 34 having a narrowed opening at the top end of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3, but this structure is not necessarily essential to the present invention. is not.
The canister body 2 and the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 are usually coated with glaze on the surface, but it is appropriate not to apply glaze to each combination surface in order to avoid fusion.

さらに、本発明では、図2の数例が示すような、キャニスタ本体2の上端21と耐熱筒状体3の下端壁31の組合せ形状を採用するのが好ましい。すなわち、前記キャニスタ本体の上端面21に対して、前記耐熱筒状体3の下端壁31が外側、内側の両側方向にオーバーハング形状に形成される組合せ形状である。   Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable to adopt a combined shape of the upper end 21 of the canister body 2 and the lower end wall 31 of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 as shown in several examples of FIG. That is, the lower end wall 31 of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 is a combined shape formed in an overhang shape on both the outer and inner sides with respect to the upper end surface 21 of the canister body.

この場合、図2(A)のように、前記耐熱筒状体3の下端壁31の厚さをキャニスタ本体2の上端21より大きくしたり、図2(B)のように、キャニスタ本体2の上端21の厚みをテーパ22によって減少させたり、図2(C)のように、同じく上端21の厚みを段差23を設けて減少させて、上端21の上面を耐熱筒状体3の下端壁31に対して狭小としたオーバーハング形状に具体化できる。こような実施形態によれば、この耐熱筒状体3に内面まで飛着した溶湯が流下するときにキャニスタ本体2の上端21と耐熱筒状体3の下端壁31との間に流入しにくくなり、両者が融着するのを効果的に抑止でき、溶融終了後に耐熱筒状体3を容易に取り外すことができる。   In this case, as shown in FIG. 2 (A), the thickness of the lower end wall 31 of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 is made larger than the upper end 21 of the canister body 2, or as shown in FIG. The thickness of the upper end 21 is reduced by the taper 22, or the thickness of the upper end 21 is similarly reduced by providing a step 23, as shown in FIG. 2C, and the upper surface of the upper end 21 is made the lower end wall 31 of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3. However, it can be embodied in an overhang shape that is narrower than the above. According to such an embodiment, when the molten metal that has landed on the inner surface of the heat resistant cylindrical body 3 flows down, it is difficult for the molten metal to flow between the upper end 21 of the canister body 2 and the lower end wall 31 of the heat resistant cylindrical body 3. Thus, it is possible to effectively suppress the fusion of the two, and the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 can be easily removed after the melting is completed.

さらに、図2(D)(E)に示すように、前記耐熱筒状体3の下端壁31の内側、外側のいずれか片側部分を、前記キャニスタ本体の上端21角部に覆い被さる垂下部32、33に形成すると、両者の組み合せ位置がずれ難くなり、所定の位置に位置決めされるので、組合せが安定して取り扱いが簡便になる利点が得られる。   Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 2D and 2E, a drooping portion 32 that covers either the inner side or the outer side of the lower end wall 31 of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 on the upper end 21 corner of the canister body. , 33 makes it difficult to shift the combined position of the two and is positioned at a predetermined position, so that there is an advantage that the combination is stable and easy to handle.

さらに、図2(F)のように、耐熱筒状体3の下端部分を内側、外側の双方に下方傾斜する下端壁31aとし、キャニスタ本体2の上端を先端R状壁21aとすれば、両者は面接触ではなく線接触になり、接触面積が小さくなることからより固着しにくいものとなる。   Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (F), if the lower end portion of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 is a lower end wall 31a inclined downward both inside and outside, and the upper end of the canister body 2 is a tip R-shaped wall 21a, both Is not a surface contact but a line contact, and since the contact area is small, it is more difficult to adhere.

前記キャニスタ本体2の上端21上面と前記耐熱筒状体3の下端壁31下面との間に融着防止層(図示せず)を介在させるのが好ましい。
この融着防止層4は、溶融加熱時に、キャニスタ本体2と耐熱筒状体3とを融着させる原因となる溶湯の侵入を防止するためのもので、耐熱セラミック粒子、例えば純度99%以上のアルミナまたはジルコニア粒子の集合体、または溶湯と反応性のない炭素質シート、例えば、厚さ1mm程度のカーボンシートを利用するのが適当である。
It is preferable that an anti-fusing layer (not shown) is interposed between the upper surface of the upper end 21 of the canister body 2 and the lower surface of the lower end wall 31 of the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3.
This anti-fusing layer 4 is for preventing intrusion of molten metal that causes the canister body 2 and the heat-resistant cylindrical body 3 to be fused at the time of melting and heating, and is a heat-resistant ceramic particle, for example, having a purity of 99% or more. It is appropriate to use an aggregate of alumina or zirconia particles, or a carbonaceous sheet that is not reactive with the molten metal, for example, a carbon sheet having a thickness of about 1 mm.

本発明の溶融用キャニスタを説明するための要部縦断面図。The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view for demonstrating the melting canister of this invention. 実施形態(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)(F)を示す部分断面図。The fragmentary sectional view which shows embodiment (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F). 従来の溶融用キャニスタにおける溶湯流出状態を説明するための模式的断面図。Typical sectional drawing for demonstrating the molten metal outflow state in the conventional canister for melting. 先願の溶融用キャニスタを示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the canister for melting of a prior application.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

2:キャニスタ本体、21:上端
3:耐熱筒状体、31:下端壁
2: canister body, 21: upper end 3: heat-resistant cylindrical body, 31: lower end wall

Claims (7)

廃棄物を溶融するための溶融用キャニスタであって、キャニスタ本体の上端に、取外し可能な耐熱筒状体を載置し、組み合わせるにあたり、キャニスタ本体の上端の厚みを減少させ、その上端面を耐熱筒状体下端面に対して狭小に形成して組み合せ、かつ、そのキャニスタ本体の上端から直立する前記耐熱筒状体よりなる壁を形成し、溶湯の跳ね散りを防止して廃棄物を溶融するようにしたことを特徴とする溶融用キャニスタ。 A melting canister for melting waste, wherein a removable heat-resistant cylindrical body is placed on the upper end of the canister body, and when combined, the thickness of the upper end of the canister body is reduced and the upper end surface is combined with narrowly formed for the lower end surface of the thermal tubular body, and forming the refractory cylindrical body from consisting wall upstanding from the upper end of that key Yanisuta body waste to prevent the scattering splashing of the molten metal A melting canister characterized by melting an object. 前記耐熱筒状体が、耐熱スポーリング性セラミックである請求項1に記載の溶融用キャニスタ。 The melting canister according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant cylindrical body is a heat-resistant spalling ceramic. 前記耐熱スポーリング性セラミックが黒鉛を10wt%以上含有する請求項2に記載の溶融用キャニスタ。 The melting canister according to claim 2, wherein the heat-resistant spalling ceramic contains 10 wt% or more of graphite. 前記耐熱筒状体の高さが100mm以上に形成されている請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の溶融用キャニスタ。 The canister for melting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat-resistant cylindrical body has a height of 100 mm or more. 前記キャニスタ本体の上端面に対して、前記耐熱筒状体の下端面が外側、内側のいずれか片側もしくは両側方向にオーバーハング形状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の溶融用キャニスタ。 The lower end surface of the heat-resistant cylindrical body is formed in an overhang shape on either one of the outer side, the inner side, or both sides with respect to the upper end surface of the canister body. Canister for melting according to crab. 前記耐熱筒状体の下端面の少なくとも内側、外側のいずれか片側部分が、前記キャニスタの上端面角部に覆い被さる垂下形状に形成されている請求項5に記載の溶融用キャニスタ。 The melting canister according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the inner side and the outer side of the lower end surface of the heat-resistant cylindrical body is formed in a drooping shape so as to cover the corner portion of the upper end surface of the canister. 前記キャニスタ本体の上端面と前記耐熱筒状体の下端面との間に融着防止層を介在させるようにした請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の溶融用キャニスタ。 The melting canister according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an anti-fusing layer is interposed between the upper end surface of the canister body and the lower end surface of the heat-resistant cylindrical body.
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