JP4273509B2 - Co-firing control method and co-firing control device - Google Patents

Co-firing control method and co-firing control device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4273509B2
JP4273509B2 JP2000148944A JP2000148944A JP4273509B2 JP 4273509 B2 JP4273509 B2 JP 4273509B2 JP 2000148944 A JP2000148944 A JP 2000148944A JP 2000148944 A JP2000148944 A JP 2000148944A JP 4273509 B2 JP4273509 B2 JP 4273509B2
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Prior art keywords
amount
cooking oil
control output
waste cooking
control
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JP2001330228A (en
Inventor
邦彦 中島
修 大石
友治 田中
繁朋 松井
修 大隈
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Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co Ltd
New Industry Research Organization NIRO
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Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co Ltd
New Industry Research Organization NIRO
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は気体燃料と廃食用油とを混焼させる混焼制御方法および混焼制御装置に関する。さらに詳しくは、家庭や料理店などから回収された廃食用油を都市ガスなどの気体燃料と混焼させる場合における混焼制御方法および混焼制御装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、家庭や料理店などから発生した廃食用油は、多くの場合、何等の処理もなされることなく下水等に排出されている。そのため、この廃食用油により環境汚染がなされることになる。
【0003】
そこで、この廃食用油を回収し、その回収された廃食用油を吸収冷温水機やボイラの燃料として用いることが検討されているが、廃食用油はその回収の困難なことから、供給量が安定せず、しかもその性状もばらつきが大きい。そのため、廃食用油を主燃料として用いることができず、廃食用油を燃料として用いる場合には都市ガスなどの気体燃料と混焼させる必要がある。
【0004】
しかしながら、廃食用油を都市ガスなどの気体燃料と混焼させる場合、負荷に応じてその混焼制御、とりわけその空燃比をいかにすべきかが問題である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はかかる従来技術の課題に鑑みなされたものであって、負荷に応じて気体燃料と廃食用油とを混焼させる場合における混焼制御、とりわけその空燃比を最適とする混焼制御方法および混焼制御装置を提供することを目的としている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の混焼制御方法は、モータ駆動の空気流量調節ダンパを有する通風装置を用い、気体燃料と廃食用油とを混焼させる場合における混焼制御方法であって、前記モータに対する制御出力は、下記式により算出された換算制御出力を元に算出されることを特徴とする。
Af´=Af+α・ψ・κ
ここに、Af´:換算制御出力[mA]
Af:気体燃料流量制御弁の制御出力[mA]
α:燃焼量が0ー100%に対する制御出力スパン
ψ:廃食用油の所用空気量/気体燃料の所用空気量(発熱量基準)
κ:発熱量基準による混焼比率(廃食用油/気体燃料)
【0007】
本発明の混焼制御方法においては、所定負荷を超えた場合にのみ一定量の廃食用油を燃焼させるのが好ましい。その場合、前記所定負荷が、例えば50%負荷とされ、前記一定量が、例えば100%負荷において必要とされる熱量の25%に相当する量とされる。
【0008】
一方、本発明の混焼制御装置は、モータ駆動の空気流量調節ダンパを有する通風装置を用い、気体燃料と廃食用油とを混焼させる場合における混焼制御装置であって、前記モータに対する制御出力は、下記式により算出された換算制御出力を元に算出されるよう構成されてなることを特徴とする。
Af´=Af+α・ψ・κ
ここに、Af´:換算制御出力[mA]
Af:気体燃料流量制御弁の制御出力[mA]
α:燃焼量が0ー100%に対する制御出力スパン
ψ:廃食用油の所用空気量/気体燃料の所用空気量(発熱量基準)
κ:発熱量基準による混焼比率(廃食用油/気体燃料)

【0009】
しかして、本発明の混焼制御装置はボイラまたは吸収冷温水機に備えられる。
【0010】
【作用】
本発明は前記の如く構成されているので、廃食用油と気体燃料とを混焼させる場合における燃焼空気量の制御が簡易化される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、添付図面を参照しながら本発明を実施形態に基づいて説明するが、本発明はかかる実施形態のみに限定されるものではない。
【0012】
図1に、本発明の気体燃料と廃食用油との混焼制御方法が適用される混焼制御装置を有する廃食用油混焼装置の一実施形態の概略構成を示す。なお、この実施形態では、気体燃料は具体的には都市ガスとされている。
【0013】
廃食用油混焼装置Sは、具体的には、廃食用油を貯蔵する廃食用油貯蔵タンク1と、廃食用油を供給する廃食用油供給ポンプ2と、都市ガスを供給する都市ガス供給源3と、都市ガスの流量を調節する都市ガス流量調節弁4と、燃焼装置20と、これらを制御するための制御電流を出力する混焼制御装置30とを主要構成要素として備えなるものとされる。そして、燃焼装置20には、廃食用油を噴霧する圧力噴霧ノズル10と、空気流量調節ダンパ21を有する通風装置22と、リングバーナー23とが備えられている。ここで、前記圧力噴霧ノズル10は、リングバーナー23の中央に位置させて配設されている。なお、図1において符号Rは吸収式冷温水機を示し、符号31は冷水出口温度を検出する温度センサを示す。
【0014】
圧力噴霧ノズル10は、吸収式冷温水機Rの100%負荷における全燃焼熱量の25%に相当する熱量を生成する量の廃食用油を燃焼させることができるようにされている。
【0015】
リングバーナー23は吸収式冷温水機Rの25−100%負荷における全燃焼熱量に相当する熱量を生成する量の都市ガスを安定させて燃焼させることができるようにされている。
【0016】
通風装置22は廃食用油および都市ガスの燃焼に必要な空気量を供給可能なようにされている。
【0017】
混焼制御装置30は温度センサ31からの入力によりフィードバック制御がなし得るように構成されている。すなわち、混焼制御装置30は、温度センサ31により検出された冷水出口温度を設定温度とする燃料量を算出してその燃料量を供給するための燃料制御弁に対する制御出力(制御電流値)を算出し、ついでその制御出力に対応したダンパ駆動モータに対する制御出力(制御電流値)を算出し、しかる後にこれらの制御出力を各機器に出力する。この場合、都市ガスと廃食用油との混焼がなされているときのダンパ駆動モータに対する制御出力は、下記式に基づいて算出された都市ガス流量調節弁4に対する換算制御出力Af´を元に算出される(図2参照)。
【0018】
Af´=Af+α・ψ・κ
【0019】
ここに、
Af´:換算制御出力[mA]
Af:都市ガス制御弁の制御出力[mA]
α:燃焼量が0ー100%に対する制御出力スパン
ψ:廃食用油の所用空気量/都市ガスの所用空気量(発熱量基準)
κ:発熱量基準による混焼比率(廃食用油/都市ガス)
【0020】
なお、廃食用油の所用空気量は予め燃焼テスト等により算出しておくものとする。
【0021】
また、ψおよびκの設定可能範囲および設定分解能は下記のとおりとされる。
【0022】

Figure 0004273509
【0023】
ただし、混焼比率κは都市ガス専焼時はゼロとされる。
【0024】
なお、混焼比率κは前記範囲において設定可能ではあるが、廃食用油の成分の不安定さから、図3に示すように運転中は廃食用油を一定量燃焼させるようにして、負荷の変動分は都市ガスの燃焼量を調節することによりなされるのが好ましい。例えば、前記一定量は、吸収式冷温水機Rの100%負荷における全燃焼熱量の例えば25%に相当する熱量を生成する量とされる。また、廃食用油の混焼開始は、都市ガス専焼により吸収式冷温水機Rの負荷が50%に到達した時点でなされるのが好ましい。
【0025】
このように、本実施形態においては、廃食用油と都市ガスの混焼時におけるダンパの制御を廃食用油量を都市ガス量に換算して行っているので、混焼時におけるダンパ制御が簡素化される。
【0026】
以上、本発明を実施形態に基づいて説明してきたが、本発明はかかる実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、種々改変が可能である。
【0027】
例えば、実施形態においては気体燃料として都市ガスが用いられているが、気体燃料は都市ガスに限定されるものではなく、各種気体燃料とすることができ、例えばプロパンとすることもできる。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明においては、廃食用油と都市ガスの混焼時におけるダンパの制御を廃食用油の量を都市ガスの量に換算して行っているので、混焼時におけるダンパ制御が簡素化されるという優れた効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の混焼制御装置を備えた廃食用油混焼装置のブロック図である。
【図2】燃料側制御出力と空気側制御出力との関係を示すグラフである。
【図3】負荷と燃焼量割合との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 廃食用油貯蔵タンク
2 廃食用油供給ポンプ
3 都市ガス供給源
4 都市ガス流量調節弁
10 圧力噴霧ノズル10
20 燃焼装置
30 制御装置
31 温度センサ
R 吸収式冷温水機
S 廃食用油混焼装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a co-firing control method and co-firing control device for co-firing gaseous fuel and waste cooking oil. More specifically, the present invention relates to a co-firing control method and co-firing control device in the case of co-firing waste cooking oil collected from a home or a restaurant with a gaseous fuel such as city gas.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, waste edible oil generated from homes and restaurants is often discharged into sewage and the like without any treatment. For this reason, this waste cooking oil causes environmental pollution.
[0003]
Therefore, it has been studied to collect this waste edible oil and use the recovered waste edible oil as fuel for absorption chiller / heater and boiler. However, it is difficult to recover the waste edible oil. Is not stable, and its properties vary greatly. Therefore, waste edible oil cannot be used as a main fuel, and when waste edible oil is used as fuel, it is necessary to co-fire with gaseous fuel such as city gas.
[0004]
However, when co-firing waste cooking oil with gaseous fuel such as city gas, the problem is how to control co-firing, especially the air-fuel ratio, depending on the load.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and is a mixed combustion control in the case of cofiring gaseous fuel and waste cooking oil according to a load, in particular, a mixed combustion control method and mixed combustion control that optimize the air-fuel ratio. The object is to provide a device.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The mixed combustion control method of the present invention is a mixed combustion control method in the case of co-firing gaseous fuel and waste cooking oil using a ventilation device having a motor-driven air flow rate adjusting damper, and the control output for the motor is expressed by the following equation: It is calculated based on the conversion control output calculated by the above.
Af ′ = Af + α · ψ · κ
Where Af ′: conversion control output [mA]
Af: Control output of the gaseous fuel flow control valve [mA]
α: Control output span for combustion amount 0-100%
ψ: The amount of air used for waste cooking oil / The amount of air used for gaseous fuel (based on calorific value)
κ: Mixed combustion ratio based on calorific value (waste cooking oil / gas fuel)
[0007]
In the mixed combustion control method of the present invention, it is preferable to burn a certain amount of waste cooking oil only when a predetermined load is exceeded. In this case, the predetermined load is, for example, 50% load, and the certain amount is, for example, an amount corresponding to 25% of the amount of heat required at 100% load.
[0008]
On the other hand, the co-firing control device of the present invention is a co-firing control device in the case of co-firing gaseous fuel and waste cooking oil using a ventilation device having a motor-driven air flow rate adjusting damper, and the control output for the motor is: It is comprised so that it may calculate based on the conversion control output calculated by the following formula .
Af ′ = Af + α · ψ · κ
Where Af ′: conversion control output [mA]
Af: Control output of the gaseous fuel flow control valve [mA]
α: Control output span for combustion amount 0-100%
ψ: The amount of air used for waste cooking oil / The amount of air used for gaseous fuel (based on calorific value)
κ: Mixed combustion ratio based on calorific value (waste cooking oil / gas fuel)

[0009]
Therefore, the mixed combustion control device of the present invention is provided in a boiler or an absorption chiller / heater.
[0010]
[Action]
Since this invention is comprised as mentioned above, control of the amount of combustion air in the case of co-firing waste edible oil and gaseous fuel is simplified.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, although the present invention is explained based on an embodiment, referring to an accompanying drawing, the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a waste edible oil mixed combustion apparatus having a mixed combustion control apparatus to which the mixed combustion control method of gaseous fuel and waste edible oil of the present invention is applied. In this embodiment, the gaseous fuel is specifically city gas.
[0013]
Specifically, the waste cooking oil co-firing device S includes a waste cooking oil storage tank 1 for storing waste cooking oil, a waste cooking oil supply pump 2 for supplying waste cooking oil, and a city gas supply source for supplying city gas. 3, a city gas flow rate adjustment valve 4 that adjusts the flow rate of city gas, a combustion device 20, and a mixed combustion control device 30 that outputs a control current for controlling them are included as main components. . The combustion device 20 is provided with a pressure spray nozzle 10 for spraying waste edible oil, a ventilator 22 having an air flow rate adjusting damper 21, and a ring burner 23. Here, the pressure spray nozzle 10 is disposed in the center of the ring burner 23. In FIG. 1, symbol R indicates an absorption chiller / heater, and symbol 31 indicates a temperature sensor for detecting the chilled water outlet temperature.
[0014]
The pressure spray nozzle 10 is configured to be able to burn waste edible oil in an amount that generates a calorific value corresponding to 25% of the total combustion calorific value at 100% load of the absorption chiller / heater R.
[0015]
The ring burner 23 is configured to be able to stably burn city gas in an amount that generates heat corresponding to the total amount of heat of combustion of the absorption chiller / heater R at a load of 25 to 100%.
[0016]
The ventilator 22 is configured to be able to supply an amount of air necessary for combustion of waste cooking oil and city gas.
[0017]
The co-firing control device 30 is configured such that feedback control can be performed by an input from the temperature sensor 31. That is, the co-firing control device 30 calculates a fuel amount using the cold water outlet temperature detected by the temperature sensor 31 as a set temperature and calculates a control output (control current value) for the fuel control valve for supplying the fuel amount. Then, a control output (control current value) for the damper drive motor corresponding to the control output is calculated, and then these control outputs are output to each device. In this case, the control output for the damper drive motor when the city gas and waste cooking oil are co-fired is calculated based on the conversion control output Af ′ for the city gas flow rate control valve 4 calculated based on the following equation. (See FIG. 2).
[0018]
Af ′ = Af + α · ψ · κ
[0019]
here,
Af ′: Conversion control output [mA]
Af: City gas control valve control output [mA]
α: Control output span for combustion amount of 0-100% ψ: Amount of air used for waste cooking oil / Amount of air used for city gas (based on calorific value)
κ: Mixed combustion ratio based on calorific value (waste cooking oil / city gas)
[0020]
In addition, the required air amount of waste cooking oil shall be calculated in advance by a combustion test or the like.
[0021]
The settable ranges and set resolutions of ψ and κ are as follows.
[0022]
Figure 0004273509
[0023]
However, the co-firing ratio κ is set to zero at the time of city gas exclusive firing.
[0024]
The mixed combustion ratio κ can be set within the above range, but due to the instability of the components of the waste edible oil, as shown in FIG. The minute is preferably made by adjusting the amount of city gas burned. For example, the predetermined amount is an amount that generates an amount of heat corresponding to, for example, 25% of the total amount of heat of combustion in the 100% load of the absorption chiller / heater R. Moreover, it is preferable that the mixed cooking of the waste cooking oil is started when the load of the absorption chiller / heater R reaches 50% by the city gas burning.
[0025]
Thus, in the present embodiment, the damper control at the time of mixed combustion of waste cooking oil and city gas is performed by converting the amount of waste cooking oil into the amount of city gas, so that damper control at the time of mixed combustion is simplified. The
[0026]
As mentioned above, although this invention has been demonstrated based on embodiment, this invention is not limited only to this embodiment, A various change is possible.
[0027]
For example, although city gas is used as gaseous fuel in the embodiments, the gaseous fuel is not limited to city gas, and can be various gaseous fuels, for example, propane.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, in the present invention, the damper control at the time of mixed combustion of waste cooking oil and city gas is performed by converting the amount of waste cooking oil into the amount of city gas. As a result, an excellent effect of simplifying the process can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a waste cooking oil co-firing device equipped with a co-firing control device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a fuel side control output and an air side control output.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a load and a combustion amount ratio.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Waste Cooking Oil Storage Tank 2 Waste Cooking Oil Supply Pump 3 City Gas Supply Source 4 City Gas Flow Control Valve 10 Pressure Spray Nozzle 10
20 Combustion device 30 Control device 31 Temperature sensor R Absorption chiller / heater S Waste cooking oil co-firing device

Claims (5)

モータ駆動の空気流量調節ダンパを有する通風装置を用い、気体燃料と廃食用油とを混焼させる場合における混焼制御方法であって、
前記モータに対する制御出力は、下記式により算出された換算制御出力を元に算出されることを特徴とする混焼制御方法。
Af´=Af+α・ψ・κ
ここに、Af´:換算制御出力[mA]
Af:気体燃料流量制御弁の制御出力[mA]
α:燃焼量が0ー100%に対する制御出力スパン
ψ:廃食用油の所用空気量/気体燃料の所用空気量(発熱量基準)
κ:発熱量基準による混焼比率(廃食用油/気体燃料)
A mixed combustion control method in the case of cofiring gas fuel and waste cooking oil using a ventilation device having a motor-driven air flow control damper ,
The control output for the motor is calculated based on a conversion control output calculated by the following equation .
Af ′ = Af + α · ψ · κ
Where Af ′: conversion control output [mA]
Af: Control output of the gaseous fuel flow control valve [mA]
α: Control output span for combustion amount 0-100%
ψ: The amount of air used for waste cooking oil / The amount of air used for gaseous fuel (based on calorific value)
κ: Mixed combustion ratio based on calorific value (waste cooking oil / gas fuel)
所定負荷を超えた場合にのみ一定量の廃食用油を燃焼させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の混焼制御方法。 The mixed combustion control method according to claim 1, wherein a predetermined amount of waste cooking oil is burned only when a predetermined load is exceeded. 前記所定負荷が50%負荷とされ、前記一定量が100%負荷において必要とされる熱量の25%に相当する量とされることを特徴とする請求項2記載の混焼制御方法。 3. The co-firing control method according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined load is a 50% load, and the fixed amount is an amount corresponding to 25% of a heat amount required at a 100% load. モータ駆動の空気流量調節ダンパを有する通風装置を用い、気体燃料と廃食用油とを混焼させる場合における混焼制御装置であって、
前記モータに対する制御出力は、下記式により算出された換算制御出力を元に算出されるよう構成されてなることを特徴とする混焼制御装置。
Af´=Af+α・ψ・κ
ここに、Af´:換算制御出力[mA]
Af:気体燃料流量制御弁の制御出力[mA]
α:燃焼量が0ー100%に対する制御出力スパン
ψ:廃食用油の所用空気量/気体燃料の所用空気量(発熱量基準)
κ:発熱量基準による混焼比率(廃食用油/気体燃料)
Using a ventilation device having a motor-driven air flow rate adjustment damper, a mixed combustion control device in the case of co-firing gaseous fuel and waste cooking oil,
The mixed combustion control device, wherein the control output for the motor is configured to be calculated based on a conversion control output calculated by the following equation .
Af ′ = Af + α · ψ · κ
Where Af ′: conversion control output [mA]
Af: Control output of the gaseous fuel flow control valve [mA]
α: Control output span for combustion amount 0-100%
ψ: The amount of air used for waste cooking oil / The amount of air used for gaseous fuel (based on calorific value)
κ: Mixed combustion ratio based on calorific value (waste cooking oil / gas fuel)
請求項4記載の混焼制御装置を備えてなることを特徴とするボイラまたは吸収冷温水機。 A boiler or absorption chiller / heater comprising the mixed combustion control device according to claim 4.
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