JP4263518B2 - Electric double layer capacitor for vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle electric double layer capacitor in which series connection (number of laminated layers) for vibration resistance, enlargement of a user temperature range and high pressure resistance is increased, pressurizing force is intensified, mix of dirt and the like is prevented and radiation of internal heat generation is solved for using it for a vehicle. <P>SOLUTION: In the vehicle electric double layer capacitor 10, inclined function materials of metal (aluminum)-ceramics are used for inside and outside metal armor components 1, 4 and 7. Electrode take-out parts 3 and 4 are individually arranged. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&amp;NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vehicular electric double layer capacitor (electric double layer capacitor) using a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution as a powdered activated carbon electrode, wherein a plurality of capacitor basic single cells are connected in series, and the exterior portion is made of a metal-ceramic functionally gradient material. A vehicle having a device mounting portion of the lower exterior part integrated structure used, having a mechanism for displaying the amount of stored electricity on the electrode plate constituting the mounting portion and another electrode in order to facilitate device mounting and maintain vibration resistance The present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, an electric double layer capacitor used for a vehicle has a structure shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an electric double layer capacitor according to the prior art together with a fixture, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a single cell of the electric double layer capacitor of FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the electric double layer capacitor of FIG.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 5, the electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle is configured by attaching a round capacitor 50 with a fixed component 51. The fixed component 51 has a substantially ring shape provided with fastening portions 53 protruding outward at both ends. A device mounting portion 52 that protrudes outward is provided at a position that divides the circumference of the ring at the lower end of the ring into three equal parts. After mounting the capacitor fixing component on the outer peripheral surface of the round capacitor 50, the capacitor is fastened with a fixing screw, and the device is attached to a desired portion via the mounting portion.
[0004]
Referring to FIG. 6, in the basic unit cell 55 of the round capacitor, a pair of electrodes made of activated carbon is impregnated with an electrolytic solution made of a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, the pair of electrodes are opposed to each other through a separator, and both ends are electrically conductive. It is sandwiched between pyroelectric bodies 59 and the periphery is sealed with sealing rubber 56.
[0005]
Referring to FIG. 7, the basic cells of a round capacitor are overlapped in the thickness direction and accommodated in an insulating case 63 in which a metal plate is disposed at the bottom, and further, a metal plate is disposed at the bottom and one end is The opened can case is covered and the opening edge is bent inward to prevent the metal plate from falling off. In addition, each metal plate is provided with a rod-shaped lead, and the positive lead penetrates a through hole provided in the bottom of the insulating case, and the outer periphery of the through hole is minus by a boss. The contact with the metal plate on the side is prevented and extends outward to constitute a positive lead terminal. On the other hand, the lead is also drawn out from the positive metal plate exposed on the bottom surface to form a negative lead terminal.
[0006]
When such an electric double layer capacitor according to the prior art is used for a vehicle, a high breakdown voltage is required. In this case, an aqueous electric double layer capacitor that is advantageous in series connection is desirable. However, a structure in which pressure is applied from above and below as shown in FIG. 6 is required.
[0007]
Moreover, as an electric double layer capacitor by a prior art, there exist some which are shown by patent document 1 and 2. FIG.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-3838
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-050552
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the structure of the electric double layer capacitor according to Patent Document 1 has a problem in withstand voltage because an organic electrolytic solution is used. In the structure of the electric double layer capacitor disclosed in Patent Document 2, the electrode is fixed. Since there is no structure, there is a problem in vibration resistance. With this as it is, the conventional electric double layer capacitor cannot withstand use for vehicles.
[0011]
By the way, when used for vehicles, the particular problems are environmental resistance, specifically (b) vibration during movement, (b) severe temperature changes, and (c) contamination due to dirt. Was a problem.
[0012]
Therefore, the technical problem of the present invention is that in an electric double layer capacitor used for a vehicle, vibration resistance, expansion of the operating temperature range, increase in the number of stacked layers for higher pressure resistance, strengthening of applied pressure, and higher pressure resistance. An object of the present invention is to provide an electric double layer capacitor that is provided with electric shock prevention, dust contamination, and internal heat dissipation measures.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, the electrode is activated carbon powder, the electrolyte is a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and the exterior part is made of a metal-ceramic functionally graded material. Preferably, the upper surface of the exterior has a charge / discharge amount in the capacitor. It has an LED display part to display, and an electrode take-out part provided separately from the attachment part integrated with the lower exterior plate, and a plurality of attachment parts integrated with the lower exterior plate, and these attachment parts are either upper, lower, left or right It has a staggered pattern and an arrangement of irregularities.
[0014]
The internal structure of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is that a plurality of capacitor basic single cells are connected in series and incorporated as an integrated structure, with a voltage of DC15V-60V and a capacitance of 1F-100F. This is a single unit configuration.
[0015]
In addition, in order to improve the vibration resistance, since it is not possible to obtain reliability with an object shared with the lead terminal, in the present invention, an apparatus mounting portion integrated with the lower exterior plate is provided, and the lead terminal is separately provided. Provided.
[0016]
In addition, regarding the expansion of the operating temperature range, which is the problem shown in (b) above when used for vehicles, in the present invention, it is not an organic electrolyte solution that is generally used, but a wide operating temperature range. This problem does not occur because an aqueous electrolyte that can be used in a range is used.
[0017]
In the present invention, a thick metal case is used to completely prevent dust contamination and to strengthen the pressure.
[0018]
A normal electric double layer capacitor is used for a vehicle and has a high withstand voltage and a large capacity, so that internal heat generation becomes large. However, in the conventional structure, the inside and outside of the metal case are insulated with plastic. With this structure, heat dissipation was insufficient and was a problem.
[0019]
Therefore, the present invention solves this problem by using a metal (aluminum) -ceramic functionally gradient material inside and outside the metal case.
[0020]
That is, according to the present invention, an electrode containing activated carbon and an electrolyte containing a dilute sulfuric acid solution are provided in a basic cell, and one or more of the single cells are laminated, and an outer plate and an outer box are provided. In the electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle mounted on a vehicle enclosed in the exterior part, the exterior part is made of an aluminum-ceramic functionally gradient material, the exterior part has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the exterior plate A vehicle electric double layer capacitor is obtained , wherein the bottom surface includes a plurality of integrally structured mounting portions, and the electrodes and the exterior portion are electrically insulated .
[0021]
Further, according to the present invention, in an electric double layer capacitor the vehicle, the mounting portion, characterized in that arranged distributed in a staggered or irregular, arranged to lead terminals on one side of the front Kigaiso portion The electric double layer capacitor for vehicles is obtained.
[0022]
Further, according to the present invention, in the electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle , a plurality of basic single cells are stacked and enclosed in the exterior portion, and the single cells are electrically connected in series, and the exterior portion An electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle can be obtained in which the output voltage per unit is in the range of DC 15V to DC 60V, and the electrostatic capacity per exterior part is in the range of 1F to 100F.
[0023]
According to the present invention, in the electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle , an LED display unit is arranged on one end surface of the exterior part as means for displaying a voltage per one exterior part and a charging state. The electric double layer capacitor for vehicles is obtained.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0026]
1 and 2 are views showing an electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view, FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view, and FIG. 2 (b) is a partially cutaway front view. It is sectional drawing. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a rectangular capacitor basic single cell of an electric double layer capacitor.
[0027]
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, the capacitor basic single cell 5 of the electric double layer capacitor uses powdered activated carbon and dilute sulfuric acid as electrodes 18, and a separator 17 is sandwiched between the electrodes 18, and between the + −electrodes 18. Short circuit is prevented. Further, a conductive current collector 19 is disposed on the back surfaces of both electrodes, and a rectangular shape is formed to increase the number of series connections with a structure capable of applying a voltage. Further, the activated carbon constituting the electrode 18 is impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid (aqueous electrolyte), and the separator 17 has a structure in which ions in the electrolyte can freely come and go. The sealing rubber 16 is arranged on the side surface of the electrode 18 for sealing the electrolyte solution and insulating the conductive material.
[0028]
Here, in the present invention, the metal-ceramic functionally graded material, in particular, the aluminum-ceramic functionally graded material includes an aluminum component and a ceramic component as constituent components, and when the shape is a box shape, the outside is A material that has a large amount of aluminum component or ceramic component compared to the inner side and whose composition is so-called inclined, and in the shape of a plate material, the inner part is much more composed of aluminum or ceramic component than the surface. A material whose composition is inclined toward the surface.
[0029]
Among these, aluminum / ceramic functionally graded materials have a significant improvement in surface strength, prevention of surface peeling, improved heat dissipation (however, emissivity in far infrared rays), improved slidability, improved wear resistance, and electrical insulation. It has the advantages of improved weather resistance and salt damage resistance.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 1, an electric double layer capacitor 10 for a vehicle uses an upper exterior plate 1 using a metal-ceramic functionally graded material for an exterior part, a capacitor exterior box 4 using a functionally gradient material, and a functionally gradient material. It has a configuration in which two or more capacitor basic single cells 5 connected in series between a negative electrode plate 3 and a positive electrode plate 6 provided separately through an insulating plate 2 in an apparatus mounting portion 7 integrated with the lower exterior plate. ing.
[0031]
The electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle 10 has a use environment temperature of −40 to 40 which ensures vibration resistance without requiring a device mounting fixing part by means of a device mounting portion 7 (same reference numeral) integrated with the lower exterior plate 7 using a functionally gradient material. The electrode 18 at 85 ° C. is a square electric double layer capacitor using activated carbon powder and an electrolyte using a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The electric double layer capacitor had dimensional characteristics of length 72 mm × width 148 mm × height 84 mm, and the electric characteristics were a voltage of 24V and a capacity of 5F.
[0032]
As best shown in FIG. 2 (a), the electric double layer capacitor is composed of an upper exterior plate 1 using a functionally gradient material, a capacitor exterior box 4 using a functionally gradient material, and a lower exterior plate using a functionally gradient material. An electric double layer capacitor in which two or more capacitor basic single cells 4 are connected in series between the negative electrode 3 and the positive electrode 6 via the insulating plate 2 is formed in the integrated device mounting portion 7, and further, a functionally gradient material A mechanism (indicator) LED 11 for displaying the amount of stored electricity is provided on the upper exterior plate 1 using the capacitor or the capacitor exterior box 4.
[0033]
4 (a) to 4 (c) are plan views respectively showing a method for fixing and arranging a plurality of electric double layer capacitors for vehicles according to the present invention.
[0034]
FIG. 4 (a) shows an example of attachment when the attachment portion 7a of the lower exterior plate has a shape that protrudes in the longitudinal direction in different directions in the electric double layer capacitor 10a for a vehicle. Yes.
[0035]
FIG. 4B shows the electric double layer capacitor 10b for a vehicle having a shape in which a mounting portion 7b of the lower exterior plate is provided at one central portion at one end in the length direction and a pair at the other end at both ends. The example of attachment when there is.
[0036]
4C has a shape in which mounting portions 7c are further provided on both sides of the mounting portion of the lower exterior plate of the electric double layer capacitor 10b for vehicle shown in FIG. The example of attachment of the electric double layer capacitor 10c for vehicles is shown.
[0037]
As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode having an operating environment temperature of −40 to 85 ° C. is activated carbon powder, and the electrolyte is a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution capacitor basic single cell. It is possible to provide an electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle that has a mechanism that can be attached and ensures vibration resistance, and that displays a storage amount on an exterior using a functionally gradient material.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, in an electric double layer capacitor used for a vehicle, vibration resistance, expansion of the operating temperature range, increase in the number of laminated layers for higher withstand voltage, strengthening of applied pressure, and higher withstand voltage Thus, it is possible to provide an electric double layer capacitor that is protected from electric shock accidents, prevents contamination of dust, and has internal heat dissipation measures.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electric double layer capacitor for a large-sized high voltage vehicle in which an apparatus mounting portion is integrally formed using a metal-ceramic functionally graded material in an exterior portion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a plan view of the electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle shown in FIG.
(B) is a partially cutaway front sectional view of the electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle of (a).
3 is a cross-sectional view of a basic single cell structure of the electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
4 (a), (b), and (c) are plan views showing various examples of mounting of an on-vehicle electric double layer capacitor according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an electrical double layer capacitor and mounting components that require device mounting components according to the prior art.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an electric double layer capacitor basic single cell structure according to the prior art.
7 is a cross-sectional view of an electric double layer capacitor using the basic single cell structure of FIG. 6. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Upper exterior plate (metal-ceramic functionally gradient material)
2 Insulating plate 3 Negative electrode plate
3a Negative electrode plate take-out part (lead terminal)
4 Capacitor outer box (metal-ceramic functionally graded material)
5 Square capacitor basic single cell 6 Positive electrode plate
6a Positive electrode plate take-out part (lead terminal)
7, 7a, 7b, 7c Lower exterior plate (device mounting part) (metal-ceramic functionally graded material)
10, 10a, 10b, 10c Electric double layer capacitor for vehicle 11 LED
12 Fixing screw 16 Rubber for sealing 17 Separator 18 Electrode (Powdered activated carbon + Dilute sulfuric acid)
19 Conductive current collector 50 Capacitor 51 Capacitor fixing part 52 Device mounting part 54 Capacitor fixing screw 55 Capacitor basic single cell 56 Sealing rubber 57 Separator 58 Electrode (powdered activated carbon + diluted sulfuric acid)
59 Can case (thin)
61 Outer tube 64 Positive lead terminal 65 Negative lead terminal 63 Insulation case

Claims (4)

An electrode containing activated carbon and an electrolyte containing a dilute sulfuric acid solution were provided in a basic cell, and one or more of the single cells were stacked in an exterior part provided with an exterior plate and an exterior box , In a vehicle electric double layer capacitor mounted on a vehicle ,
The exterior portion is made of an aluminum-ceramic functionally graded material,
The exterior portion has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the exterior plate bottom includes a plurality of integrally structured attachment portions,
The electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle, wherein the electrode and the exterior portion are electrically insulated . The vehicle electric double-layer capacitor of claim 1, wherein said mounting portion is a vehicle, wherein disposed distributed in a staggered or uneven, in that a lead terminal on one surface of the front Kigaiso portion Electric double layer capacitor. The electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle according to claim 1,
A plurality of basic single cells are stacked and enclosed in the exterior part, and the single cells are electrically connected in series, and the output voltage per exterior part is in the range of 15 VDC to 60 VDC, An electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle, wherein the capacitance per unit is in the range of 1F to 100F. The electric double layer capacitor for a vehicle according to claim 1,
An electric double layer capacitor for vehicles , wherein an LED display portion is arranged on one end face of the exterior portion as means for displaying a voltage per one exterior portion and a charging state.

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