JP4263193B2 - Field winding type rotating electrical machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a field winding type rotating electrical machine apparatus capable of performing failure diagnosis of a field winding type rotating electrical machine used for in-vehicle use or the like.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a field current detector for detecting a field current flowing in a field coil in order to detect a field current abnormality in a field current control circuit of a field winding type rotating electrical machine. A field current reference value based on a current flowing in a pseudo coil resistance having the same resistance value as the field coil is generated, and an actual current detection detected by the field current detector with respect to the field current reference value A configuration including field current abnormality detection means for detecting that a value deviates from a predetermined width is shown.

  That is, according to this field current abnormality detection circuit, the amount of current flowing in the field coil is obtained by the field current detector, and the current amount obtained from the field current control value by the PWM switching duty ratio at that time From this difference, an abnormality in the field current, that is, a failure in the field circuit is detected.

JP2002-300797

  However, since the technology of Patent Document 1 uses a current sensor for detecting a failure, it must be somewhat expensive when applied to a field circuit of an in-vehicle field winding system in which a large current flows. There was a problem of not getting.

  In addition, since the duty signal or duty value of the PWM switching element performing field current control is used as a failure determination factor, the duty ratio actually varies with the change of the field current. In addition, since the change in the field current detected by the current sensor is delayed by the inductance component of the field winding, the failure detection accuracy is poor and the detection time is also delayed.

  Furthermore, although various failures can be detected when the field current is applied, there is a problem that failure detection such as a ground fault or a disconnection failure cannot be performed in a state where the field current is not supplied.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a field winding type rotating electrical machine that requires high reliability, it is possible to reliably detect a failure of a field circuit regardless of whether a field current is energized or not. With the goal.

The field winding type rotating electrical machine apparatus according to the present invention is supplied with AC power to the armature via a power converter connected to a DC power source, and is also provided with a field drive circuit provided in the power converter. In a field winding type rotating electrical machine in which a field current is supplied to a field winding, the field drive circuit performs PWM control of the DC power by a PWM switching element, and a field positive electrode serving as an output terminal thereof
A field drive unit in which the field winding is connected between the field negative electrode and a field negative electrode, and a fault diagnosis unit that performs fault diagnosis of the field circuit including the field drive unit and the field winding. The failure diagnosis unit is connected between the field drive unit and the field winding, and electrically connects the field drive unit and the field winding during failure diagnosis of the field circuit. A switching element for fault diagnosis that is turned off, a bias resistor that connects the field positive electrode and the field negative electrode to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the DC power source, and the voltage value of one or both of the field positive electrode and the field negative electrode, respectively. A voltage sensor to be measured is provided, and the field circuit failure diagnosis is performed based on the relationship between the on / off state of the failure diagnosis switching element and the measured value of the voltage sensor .

  According to the present invention, a voltage sensor that can be configured at a low cost for adding a fault diagnosis function is added, and a few circuits are added as necessary, so that the field diagnosis can be performed in addition to fault diagnosis during field current conduction. Even in a magnetic current non-energized state, failure diagnosis (PWM switching element, field circuit power supply fault, ground fault, disconnection fault) can be performed.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the first embodiment.
In FIG. 1, an in-vehicle field winding type rotating electrical machine device composed of a power converter 1 and a field winding type rotating electrical machine 2, such as a generator device and an alternator device, is connected to a DC power source 3. AC power is supplied to the armature 22 through the device 1, and a field current is supplied to the field winding 21 by the field drive circuit 11 provided in the power converter 1.
The field drive circuit 11 includes a field drive unit 13 that performs PWM control of DC power by the PWM switching element 131, and a failure diagnosis unit 14 that performs failure diagnosis of the field circuit including the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21. And.
The failure diagnosis unit 14 has a voltage sensor 141 connected to a connection portion between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21, and the on / off state of the PWM switching element 131 and the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 are detected. According to the relationship, the failure diagnosis of the field circuit including the field drive unit 11 and the field winding 21 is performed.
In FIG. 1, one of the field windings 21 in the rotating electrical machine 2 is connected to the field positive electrode 15 of the field drive unit 13 in the field drive circuit 11, and the other is grounded.
In addition, the ground side of the field drive unit 13 is grounded via the return element 132, and the voltage sensor 141 is connected to the field positive electrode 15.

  In the first embodiment, when there is no failure between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21, the measured value V (V) of the voltage sensor 141 indicates that the PWM switching element 131 is in the off state (field current conduction). When the PWM switching element 131 is on (when the field is energized), the ground voltage (here, zero (V) for simplification) is shown. The power supply voltage E (V) of the DC power supply 3 is shown.

  However, when the PWM switching element 131 is short-circuited in the field circuit or when the connection between the field positive electrode 15 and the field winding 21 is a power fault, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 is almost equal to the power supply. Voltage E (V) is shown.

  In addition, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 when the PWM switching element 131 is in the on state (while the field current is energized) indicates the power supply voltage when there is no failure, but when the open failure of the switching element 131 occurs. The measured value indicates zero ground voltage (V).

  Thus, the failure of the field circuit can be diagnosed from the relationship between the on / off state of the PWM switching element 131 and the measured value of the voltage sensor 141.

FIG. 2 shows a modification of FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, the switching element 131 is arranged on the power supply side, whereas in FIG. One of the field windings 21 is connected to a field negative electrode (field input) 16 of the field drive circuit 11, and the other is connected to a positive power source. The voltage sensor 141 for detecting a failure is a field negative electrode. 16 is connected.
The failure detection method in this case is the same as that in FIG. 1, and a detailed description of the failure of the field circuit is omitted because the failure of the field circuit is diagnosed based on the relationship between the on / off control signal of the PWM switching element 131 and the measured value of the voltage sensor 141. .

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the voltage sensor 141 is connected to the connection portion between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21 of the field winding type rotating electrical machine, and the PWM switching element 131 is turned on. Since the field circuit failure diagnosis is performed based on the relationship between the / off state and the measured value of the voltage sensor 141, the relationship between the on / off state of the PWM switching element 131 and the value of the voltage sensor 141 is used. Therefore, it is possible to reliably perform a failure diagnosis that occurs between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21 while the field current is energized.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the second embodiment.
In FIG. 3, a field winding type rotating electrical machine 2 is supplied with AC power to an armature 22 via a power converter 1 connected to a DC power source 3 and a field provided in the power converter 1. A field current is supplied to the field winding 21 by the magnetic drive circuit 11.
The field drive circuit 11 performs PWM control of DC power by the PWM switching element 131, and a field drive unit in which a field winding 21 is connected between a field positive electrode 15 and a field negative electrode 16 serving as an output end thereof. 13 and a failure diagnosis unit 14 for performing failure diagnosis of a field circuit including the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21.
The failure diagnosis unit 14 is connected between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21, and electrically turns off the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21 when diagnosing a field circuit failure. A switching element 142 for failure diagnosis, bias resistors 143 and 144 for connecting the field positive electrode 15 and the field negative electrode 16 to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the DC power source 3, and one or both of the field positive electrode 15 and the field negative electrode 16, respectively. A voltage sensor 141 for measuring the voltage value of the field circuit is provided, and the field circuit failure diagnosis is performed based on the relationship between the on / off state of the failure diagnosis switching element 142 and the measured value of the voltage sensor 141.

  In FIG. 3, in particular, the failure diagnosis switching element 142 is connected when the field winding 21 is connected between the field positive electrode 15 and the field negative electrode 16 of the field drive circuit 11 and the field current is not supplied ( That is, the field winding 21 is mounted so that the field winding 21 can be electrically disconnected from the field drive unit 13 at the time of failure diagnosis when the PWM switching element 131 is in the off state.

  Further, for failure diagnosis, a bias resistor 143 having a resistance value R3 (Ω) is mounted on the field positive electrode 15 side, and a bias resistor 144 having a resistance value R4 (Ω) is mounted on the field input 16 side. One or both of the voltage and the voltage of the field negative electrode 16 are measured (in FIG. 3, the voltage sensor 141 is disposed at the position of the field positive electrode 15).

In the second embodiment, when the field current is not applied, the failure diagnosis switching element is turned off to perform the failure diagnosis.
When there is no failure in the field circuit, the measured value V1 (V) of the voltage sensor 141 is as shown in Equation (1).

However, in the field circuit, when the PWM switching element 131 is short-circuited or there is a power fault or disconnection failure in the path from the field positive electrode 15 through the field winding 21 to the field negative electrode 16, the voltage sensor 141. The measured value V2 (V) is the power supply voltage E (V) as shown in the equation (2).

このように、界磁回路に発生した故障の有無を界磁電流を流さない状態で確認することができる。 In the field circuit, the return element 132 or the failure diagnosis switching element 142 is short-circuited, and a ground fault occurs in the path from the field positive electrode 15 through the field winding 21 to the field negative electrode 16. When both ends of the circuit become a short circuit failure, the measured value V3 (V) of the voltage sensor 141 becomes the ground voltage zero (V) as shown in the equation (3).

In this way, the presence or absence of a failure occurring in the field circuit can be confirmed in a state where no field current is passed.

  Furthermore, when the failure diagnosis switching element 142 is turned off for failure diagnosis, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 when only the failure diagnosis switching element 142 is turned on is obtained by the failure diagnosis switching element 142. The ground voltage is zero (V) when normal, but is V1 (V) when a failure occurs.

  Next, when the failure diagnosis switching element 142 is turned off for failure diagnosis, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 when only the PWM switching element 131 is turned on is the power supply when the PWM switching element 131 is normal. The voltage E (V) is V1 (V) at the time of failure.

If a switching element is used as the return element 132 for synchronous rectification, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 when only the return element 132 is turned on is 0 (V) when the return element 132 is normal. However, it becomes V1 (V) at the time of failure.
In this way, it is possible to confirm an OFF failure of the switching elements constituting the field drive circuit.

  In the second embodiment, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 at the time of the failure and the measured value at the normal time are easy to discriminate because of the large change width. Not a requirement.

  The above is a state in which no field current is flowing. However, in the circuit of FIG. 3 as well, the failure detection during energization is detected by the on / off state of the PWM switching element 131 and the measurement of the voltage sensor 141 as in the first embodiment. The failure diagnosis of the field circuit can be performed from the relationship with the value.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21 are connected between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21 and are diagnosed in the failure of the field circuit. Diagnostic switching element 142 for electrically turning off between them, field positive electrode 15, bias resistors 143 and 144 for connecting field negative electrode 16 to the positive electrode and negative electrode of DC power supply 3, and field positive electrode 15, A voltage sensor 141 that measures the voltage value of one or both of the field negative electrodes 16 is provided, and the failure diagnosis of the field circuit is performed according to the relationship between the on / off state of the failure diagnosis switching element 142 and the measured value of the voltage sensor 141. Therefore, it is possible to reliably detect the presence or absence of a short-circuit failure of the PWM switching element 131, a ground fault, a ground fault, or a disconnection fault of the PWM circuit while the field current is not energized. Field circuit It becomes possible to prevent unnecessary power against.

  Further, according to the second embodiment, the PWM switching element 131 and the failure diagnosis switching element 142 are individually turned on during the failure diagnosis of the field circuit, and the PWM sensor 131 and the failure diagnosis switching element 142 are turned on by the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 at that time. Since the failure diagnosis of the switching element 131 is performed, an open failure of the PWM switching element 131 can be detected while the field current is not energized.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 4 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the third embodiment.
In FIG. 4, the failure diagnosis unit 14 has a first current sensor 145 connected between the ground point of the field drive unit 13 and the field negative electrode 16, and the first current sensor 145 causes the field magnet to be connected. A fault diagnosis of the field circuit is performed by detecting that an overcurrent larger than the maximum field current value that can be passed through the circuit flows.
The first current sensor 145 is arranged on the field winding 21 side to which the PWM switching element 131 is not connected.

  In the third embodiment, when there is no failure in the field circuit, the measured value of the current sensor 145 varies depending on the voltage E of the DC power supply 3 and the DC resistance component of the field circuit (manufacturing, temperature, aging, etc.). Is smaller than the maximum field current Imax obtained from the above.

  In the field circuit, when the field winding 21 is short-circuited or a power fault has occurred due to the connection between the field winding 21 and the field negative electrode 16 in FIG. Since it is much larger than Imax, a failure can be detected at high speed by overcurrent determination with a settling value larger than Imax.

  According to the field drive circuit 13 of FIG. 4, since the reference potential is always the ground potential at the location where the current sensor-145 is arranged, for example, by using a shunt resistor as the current sensor-145, it is inexpensive. High-precision current measurement is possible.

  Further, when the field winding 21 has a short circuit failure or a power fault has occurred due to the connection between the field winding 21 and the field negative electrode 16, the failure can be detected at high speed by overcurrent determination.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the fourth embodiment.
In FIG. 5, the failure diagnosis unit 14 includes a first current sensor 145 connected between the ground point of the field drive unit 13 and the field negative electrode 16, and between the PWM switching element 131 and the field positive electrode 15. The first and second current sensors 145 and 146 detect the difference between the inflow current to the field winding 21 and the outflow current from the field winding 21 by the first and second current sensors 145 and 146. Diagnose field circuit faults.

In FIG. 5, when the field circuit is normal, the current inflow amount (measured value of the current sensor 146) Iin and the current outflow amount (current sensor 145) of the field winding 21 based on the measured values of the current sensors 145 and 146, respectively. Equation (4) is established from the measured value Iout.

  In other words, if there is a power fault or ground fault in the field circuit, the right side of Equation (4) does not become zero, so that the fault can be detected with high accuracy and high speed.

  As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the first current sensor 145 connected between the ground point of the field drive unit 13 and the field negative electrode 16, the PWM switching element 131, and the field positive electrode. 15, the current measurement value (outflow current amount) measured by the second current sensor 146 and the current measurement value (inflow) measured by the first current sensor 145 by the second current sensor 146 connected between The fault of the magnetic field path and the ground fault can be detected with high speed and high accuracy from the difference of the current amount (application of Kirchhoff's first law).

  Further, when the field winding 21 has a short circuit failure or a power fault has occurred due to the connection between the field winding 21 and the field negative electrode 16, the failure can be detected at high speed by overcurrent determination.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the fifth embodiment.
In FIG. 6, the failure diagnosis unit 14 is connected between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21, and between the field drive unit 13 and the field winding 21 during failure diagnosis of the field circuit. Fault switching element 142 that is electrically turned off, field positive electrode 15, bias resistors 143 and 144 that connect field negative electrode 16 to the positive electrode and negative electrode of DC power supply 3, field positive electrode 15, and field negative electrode 16, respectively. A voltage sensor 141 that measures the voltage value of one or both of them, and performs field circuit fault diagnosis based on the relationship between the on / off state of the fault diagnosis switching element 142 and the measured value of the voltage sensor. The first current sensor 145 is connected between the grounding point of the magnetic driving unit 13 and the field negative electrode 16, and the first current sensor 145 has a value greater than the maximum field current value that can be passed through the field circuit. A large overcurrent flowed The failure diagnosis of the field circuit to detect the door.

  In FIG. 6, the first current sensor 145 is used for simplification. However, the failure diagnosis switching element 142 is such that the potential difference between both ends changes depending on the amount of current during field current conduction (for example, power MOSFET drain-source voltage etc.) can be substituted for the current sensor.

  As described above, according to the fifth embodiment, when the field current is not flowing, the failure is detected by the voltage sensor 141, and when the field current is flowing, the value of the current sensor 145 is detected. And the value of the voltage sensor 142 when the PWM switching element 131 is OFF, it becomes possible to detect the failure of the field circuit, and the failure detection performance is remarkably improved.

Embodiment 6 FIG.
FIG. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the sixth embodiment.
In FIG. 7, in the field drive unit 13, the switching element 132 is used as a return element for the field winding 21, and the field is determined based on the on / off state of the PWM switching element 131 and the measured values of the voltage sensor 141 and the current sensor 145. Synchronous rectification is performed by turning on the return switching element 132 only when the return current flows through the magnetic winding 21.
When the PWM switching element 131 is on, a closed circuit is formed from the positive electrode of the DC power supply 3 to the negative electrode of the DC power supply 3 via the field winding 21 (the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 is the power supply voltage E ( V)), when the PWM switching element 131 changes to the OFF state, a closed circuit is formed to return the field negative electrode 16, the return switching element 132, and the field positive electrode 15 from the field winding 21 (measurement of the voltage sensor 141). Value is ground voltage zero (V) or less).

  In this configuration, if there is no failure in the field circuit, the on / off control of the return switching element 132 may be performed simply by inverting the on / off control signal of the PWM switching element 131. For example, the field positive electrode 15 In the case where there is a power fault on the side, if the reflux switching element 132 is erroneously turned on, a short circuit occurs and the reflux switching element 132 may be destroyed. Therefore, the switching on condition of the reflux switching element 132 is determined by PWM switching control. Assume that the signal is off, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 is equal to or less than the ground voltage, and the measured value of the current sensor 145 is equal to or greater than zero.

  With the above conditions, if there is a power fault on the field positive electrode 15 side, the measured value of the voltage sensor 141 becomes the power supply voltage E (V) even if the PWM switching control signal is off. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the reflux switching element 132 from being turned on by mistake.

  As described above, according to the sixth embodiment, when the PWM switching element 131 is in the OFF state, the presence or absence of the return current can be determined from the relationship between the output of the voltage sensor 141 and the current sensor 145 for failure diagnosis. By turning on the return switching element 132 when a current is flowing, the voltage drop can be made smaller than when the return element is configured by a diode, and the loss can be reduced.

Embodiment 7 FIG.
The seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the seventh embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the power converter 1 and the field winding type rotating electrical machine 2 are integrated.
In the field winding rotating electrical machine apparatus in which the power converter 1 and the field winding type rotating electrical machine 2 are separated as shown in FIG. 9, the field positive terminal 151, the field negative terminal of the field drive circuit 11. 161 and the field winding terminals 211 and 212 of the field winding 21 are connected by the external field wirings 43 and 44, so that the impedance component of the wiring material, the possibility of contact and reverse connection of the terminal portion, etc. However, in the power converter-integrated rotating machine as shown in FIG. 8, the connection between the field drive circuit 11 and the field winding 21 is an internal field wiring 41 having a short wiring length. , 42, a field circuit with high reliability and low wiring impedance can be realized relatively easily.

  Since the field impedance of the internal field wirings 41 and 42 is small, the efficiency of the field current is increased, but on the other hand, the current at the time of failure is increased, so the fields as in the first to sixth embodiments are increased. The necessity of detecting a failure before energizing a magnetic current or diagnosing a failure occurring during energization of a field current at a higher speed becomes higher.

It is a circuit block diagram which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows the other example of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows Embodiment 7 of this invention. It is a circuit block diagram which shows the example of a separate system field winding system rotary electric machine apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power converter 11 Field drive circuit 12 Armature power conversion circuit 13 Field drive part 131 PWM switching element 132 Return switching element 14 Fault diagnosis part 141 Voltage sensor 142 Fault diagnosis switching element 143, 144 Bias resistance 145, 146 Current sensor 15 Field positive electrode 151 Field positive electrode terminal 16 Field negative electrode 161 Field negative electrode terminal 2 Field winding type rotating electrical machine 21 Field winding 211, 212 Field winding terminal 22 Armature winding 3 DC power supply 41 , 42 Internal field wiring 43, 44 External field wiring 5 Power converter integrated rotary electric machine device

Claims (2)

A field in which AC power is supplied to the armature via a power converter connected to a DC power source and field current is supplied to the field winding by a field drive circuit provided in the power converter. In the magnetic winding type rotating electrical machine,
The field drive circuit performs PWM control of the DC power by a PWM switching element, and a field drive unit in which the field winding is connected between a field positive electrode and a field negative electrode serving as an output end thereof, A failure diagnosis unit for performing a failure diagnosis of a field circuit including the field drive unit and the field winding,
The failure diagnosis unit is connected between the field drive unit and the field winding, and electrically connects between the field drive unit and the field winding during failure diagnosis of the field circuit. Measures switching element for fault diagnosis to be turned off, bias resistor for connecting the field positive electrode and field negative electrode to the positive electrode and negative electrode of the DC power source, and the voltage value of one or both of the field positive electrode and the field negative electrode, respectively. A field winding type rotation characterized by performing a fault diagnosis of the field circuit according to a relationship between an on / off state of the fault diagnosis switching element and a measured value of the voltage sensor. Electric equipment. The PWM switching element and the failure diagnosis switching element are individually turned on during failure diagnosis of the field circuit, and the failure diagnosis of the PWM switching element is performed based on the measured value of the voltage sensor at that time. The field winding type rotating electrical machine apparatus according to claim 1.

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