JP4257882B2 - Cleavage method of isopropenylphenol low polymer - Google Patents

Cleavage method of isopropenylphenol low polymer Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4257882B2
JP4257882B2 JP29308499A JP29308499A JP4257882B2 JP 4257882 B2 JP4257882 B2 JP 4257882B2 JP 29308499 A JP29308499 A JP 29308499A JP 29308499 A JP29308499 A JP 29308499A JP 4257882 B2 JP4257882 B2 JP 4257882B2
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Prior art keywords
isopropenylphenol
low
cleavage
cleaving
distillation column
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JP2001114716A (en
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有三 小野
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C37/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C37/50Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions decreasing the number of carbon atoms
    • C07C37/52Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions decreasing the number of carbon atoms by splitting polyaromatic compounds, e.g. polyphenolalkanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C37/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C37/68Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
    • C07C37/70Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
    • C07C37/74Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、イソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法に関する。詳しくは、ビスフェノール、並びに、ビスフェノール製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体、フラバン誘導体等の不純物を含有するイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物を開裂して、高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
本発明の方法で得られる開裂生成物は、通常、極性溶剤に吸収させた後、イソプロペニルフェノール精製工程に送られ、更に高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを製造するために使用される(特開昭56−52866号公報)。本発明が好ましく適用されるのは、ビスフェノールAやビスフェノールA製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体、フラバン誘導体等の不純物を含有するイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂である。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
触媒存在下で、ビスフェノール又はビスフェノール含有化合物を加熱すると開裂反応が進み、フェノール及びイソプロペニルフェノール等が生成する事が知られている。しかし、イソプロペニルフェノールは極めて反応性が高く、容易に重合が進み2量体、3量体、4量体等の低重合物となる。そこで、高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを得るには、通常は、上記ビスフェノールの開裂生成物よりフェノール分を除去した後のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物とその他不純物を含む混合物を再開裂する事により得られる。この際、イソプロペニルフェノールの重合防止の為に、開裂生成物はガス状、又は凝縮直後にオクタノール、エチレングリコール等の極性溶剤と接触させてイソプロペニルフェノールを捕集する方法をとる事が知られている(特公昭56−52866号公報)。極性溶剤に捕集された開裂生成物は、晶析等の方法で精製されて高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールが得られる(特公昭61−26892)。
【0004】
しかし、こうした操作では開裂原料中の不純物であるクロマン誘導体、フラバン誘導体、未開裂のまま留出したビスフェノール等の不純物が混入し、イソプロペニルフェノールの純度低下をきたしていた。通常、該開裂反応は、150〜260℃の高温において、減圧条件下に行われる。触媒としては、塩基性触媒または酸性触媒を使用しても良いし、触媒不使用でも良い。
【0005】
イソプロペニルフェノールは極めて反応性が高く、特に液状になると素早く重合が起こり開裂収率が低下する原因となる。そのため、従来は、イソプロペニルフェノールを主成分とする開裂生成物は、蒸気状態のまま反応器から留出させており、蒸留精製等の操作は行っていない。このため、開裂原料中に含まれる不純物、開裂反応で副生する各種不純物等が開裂留出物中に混入して開裂生成物の純度が低下する原因となっていた。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記問題に鑑み、高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを得ることができるイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、鋭意検討した結果、開裂生成物を蒸気状態で蒸留塔に供給して、蒸留工程にリボイラー等の加熱源を設置することなしに特定の還流比で蒸留しながらイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂反応を実施することにより、上記目的が達成し得ることを見出し、本発明の方法を確立するに至った。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は、ビスフェノール、並びに、ビスフェノール製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体及びフラバン誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物より、イソプロペニルフェノールを製造するイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法において、(1)ビスフェノール、並びに、ビスフェノール製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体及びフラバン誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物を開裂器に供給し、150〜260℃、40kPa以下の減圧条件下において開裂反応する開裂工程、(2)開裂工程生成物を蒸気状態で蒸留塔に供給し、130〜200℃、40kPa以下の減圧条件下において蒸留する蒸留工程、(3)蒸留工程留出物を凝縮し、その一部を還流比0.01〜3で蒸留工程に還流し、残部を系外に抜き出す還流工程、を含むことを特徴とするイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法である。
【0009】
本発明の特徴は、上記構成の内、特に、開裂生成物を蒸気状態で蒸留塔に供給して、蒸留工程にリボイラー等の加熱源を設置することなしに特定の還流比で蒸留しながらイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂反応を実施することにある。その他、好ましい態様として、蒸留工程の塔底液を開裂工程に戻す上記の開裂方法、蒸留塔還流液の少なくとも1重量%をサイドカットにて系外に抜き出す上記の開裂方法等が挙げられる。本発明が好ましく適用し得る方法は、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールAの製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体及びフラバン誘導体等の不純物を含有するイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法である。
【0010】
本発明によれば、開裂生成物が蒸気状態で蒸留塔に供給されるため、反応性が高いイソプロペニルフェノール等の重合が防止され、ダイマー、トリマー等のオリゴマーの生成を抑制し得ると共にビスフェノール、ビスフェノール製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体及びフラバン誘導体等を効率よく分離除去することができる。従って、高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを得ることが可能である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。本発明は、ビスフェノール、並びに、ビスフェノール製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体、フラバン誘導体等を含む混合物を開裂器に供給して開裂し、開裂生成物を蒸気状態で蒸留塔に供給し、特定の還流比で還流しながら蒸留して、高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを製造する、イソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法である。
【0012】
本発明における開裂反応原料には、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF等のビスフェノール、並びに、該ビスフェノールの製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体、フラバン誘導体、及びそれらの混合物等の不純物を含有するイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物が用いられる。ここで言う、イソプロペニルフェノール低重合物とは、イソプロペニルフェノールの2量体、3量体、4量体、あるいはそれ以上の多量体を含む混合物を言い、イソプロペニルフェノールモノマーを含有してもよい。通常、多量体の上限は6〜7量体程度である。本発明が適用できる開裂反応原料中の2量体、3量体、4量体、あるいはそれ以上の多量体の含有量には特に制限はない。一般的には、少なくとも20重量%程度である。好ましくは少なくとも50重量%程度である。フェノール等の低沸点成分を多量に含有する場合は、事前に低沸点成分を除去した後、開裂反応を行うことが好ましい。
【0013】
本発明における開裂反応は、イソプロペニルフェノール低重合物を開裂して、高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを得る方法であり、150〜260℃の高温において、40kPa以下の減圧条件のもとに行われる。触媒は使用してもよいし、使用しなくともよい。使用する場合には、塩基性触媒または酸性触媒を使用する。塩基性触媒としては、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩等が挙げられる。例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、酸化カルシウム等が挙げられる。酸性触媒としては、塩化アルミニウム、塩化ジルコニウム、硫酸ジルコニウム等が挙げられる。一般的には塩基性触媒が好ましい。触媒の使用量は、開裂反応原料であるイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の1重量%以下が好ましい。
【0014】
収率向上のために開裂反応器下部より、不活性ガスで連続的にバブリングを行ってもよい。開裂反応原料の開裂器への供給方法は、連続的でも間歇的または、回分式でもよい。連続的供給が好ましい。
【0015】
前述の様に、開裂反応で生成するイソプロペニルフェノールは、極めて反応性が高く、特に液状になると素早く重合反応が起こり、イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー、トリマー等の低重合物が生成する。イソプロペニルフェノールの収率を考慮すると、開裂生成物を開裂反応器から留出させるときには、蒸気状態が好ましく、液相部は極力少なくするのが良い。かかる観点より、本発明においては、通常の蒸留塔に設置されているリボイラー方式の蒸留は好ましくない。本発明では、開裂生成物は蒸気の状態で蒸留塔に導かれる。ここで、蒸気の状態とは、少量であれば液相部ミストを含む状態であっても差し支えない。具体的には、30重量%以下、好ましくは10重量%以下であれば液相部を含んだ状態でもよい。
【0016】
蒸留塔としては、充填塔式蒸留塔、薄膜式蒸留塔、分縮器型蒸留塔等が挙げられる。開裂生成物の蒸留塔への供給段は、塔の中段でも良いが、塔底が好ましい。蒸留塔は、開裂反応器の上部に付設された物でも良く、また、開裂反応器とは独立に設置されていても良い。蒸気状態の開裂生成物を蒸留塔に供給する際の凝縮、液化等を考慮すると、開裂反応器の上部に付設された蒸留塔が好ましい。蒸留塔の段数は、クロマン誘導体やフラバン誘導体、イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー等の高沸点物質をイソプロペニルフェノールから分離出来る条件であれば良い。蒸留塔内における液の滞留時間の増大は、イソプロペニルフェノールの収率悪化に繋がる。そのため、蒸留塔精留部での液滞留時間を短くした方が良い。一般的には、理論段で1〜10の蒸留塔が使用される。この為、蒸留塔は棚段塔でも良いが、液のホールドアップ量が少なく、操作性に優れた充填塔方式が好ましい。場合によっては、薄膜蒸留塔方式や分縮器方式でも良い。
【0017】
蒸留塔下部には、液ミストの同伴を防止する為のデミスターを設置することが好ましい。充填塔方式の蒸留塔では、液ミスト中に含まれる凝固し易い不純物の為に、充填物が閉塞したり偏流が発生し、蒸留効率の低下、蒸留塔の運転安定性の悪化等に繋がるからである。又、薄膜蒸留塔や分縮器の場合は、液ミストによる純度低下防止の為に、分縮蒸気の出口部にデミスターを設置することが好ましい。下部デミスターとして、集液器式デミスターが好ましく用いられる。
【0018】
蒸留塔の運転温度は、イソプロペニルフェノールの反応性の面からは低温程好ましい。しかし、低温操作は、イソプロペニルフェノールのダイマーやトリマー等の低重合物による固形物発生や閉塞の原因に繋がる。一方、蒸留塔の温度は、気液平衡により決まり、且つ、蒸気組成は大きくは変わらない為、蒸留塔温度を上げる事は開裂圧力を上げる事につながる。開裂反応器の圧力は、開裂収率の関係より適度な減圧度が必要である。このため、温度を上げすぎると開裂反応器でのイソプロペニルフェノールの収率が低下する事になる。
【0019】
これらのことを考慮して鋭意検討した結果、蒸留塔の塔内温度を上記低重合物が凝固せず、且つ、イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー等の分解が始まる130〜200℃の範囲で運転する事により、固形物の発生や閉塞、及び4−イソプロペニルフェノールの収率低下もなく、クロマン誘導体やフラバン誘導体等の不純物を分離除去出来る事が判明した。蒸留塔の圧力は40kPa以下がよい。
【0020】
蒸留塔を留出した開裂物は凝縮されて、その一部が蒸留塔に還流される。この還流液は、全縮器で全縮された液の一部であっても良いし、分縮器で分縮された液の一部または全部であっても良い。通常、こうした凝縮液は、凝縮液の受器を経由して蒸留塔へ還流される。この場合、凝縮液受器内において、更には凝縮器内において、イソプロペニルフェノールの一部がダイマーやトリマー等の低重合物となる。こうした低重合物は、イソプロペニルフェノールに比べて凝固し易く、蒸留塔内での固形物発生や閉塞の原因となる。この為、凝縮器及び凝縮器受器等における液滞留時間は極力短くするのが良い。
【0021】
還流量は、多すぎても少なすぎても良くない。多すぎる還流は、イソプロペニルフェノールの収率低下原因、イソプロペニルフェノールの低重合物による蒸留塔内での固形物発生や閉塞の原因となる。逆に、少なすぎる還流は、蒸留精製効果の点で好ましくない。かかる点を考慮すると、還流比は0.01〜3の範囲が好ましい。更に好ましくは0.05〜1の範囲である。ここで言う還流比とは、還流液重量/(全留出蒸気重量−還流液重量)を示す。
【0022】
一方、蒸留塔の塔底液は、系外に排出してもよいが、イソプロペニルフェノールの収率を考慮すると、開裂反応器に戻すことが効率的である。開裂器に戻されたイソプロペニルフェノール由来の高沸点化合物は再び開裂されて、イソプロペニルフェノールに戻り、留出回収される事になる。
【0023】
本発明における開裂反応器及び蒸留塔を含むプロセスから系外へ抜き出す物は、通常、蒸留塔塔頂からの開裂生成物と開裂反応器の残渣である。しかし、この方法では、クロマン誘導体やフラバン誘導体等の不純物は開裂反応器の残渣中に濃縮される事になる。該残渣も有用なフェノール系化合物であり、各種用途に使用される。しかし、用途によってはクロマン誘導体やフラバン誘導体等の不純物を嫌うものもあり、これら不純物の減少が望まれる。
【0024】
排出する開裂残渣より、これら不純物を分離除去するのもよいが、効率的ではない。本発明では、上記蒸留塔内のクロマン誘導体やフラバン誘導体等の不純物をサイドカットにより系外に抜き出す事でかかる問題を解決し得ること見出した。サイドカットにより、蒸留精製された開裂生成物の純度アップにも繋がる。
【0025】
サイドカットは、クロマン誘導体、フラバン誘導体、未開裂のビスフェノール類等の不純物が濃縮されている液相部で行うことが好ましい。又、サイドカット段としては、これら不純物が濃縮されている段が良く、蒸留塔の最下部が好ましい。サイドカットは、連続的でも間歇的でもよいが、サイドカット量は、蒸留塔還流液の少なくとも1重量%が好ましい。上限は特に制限はないが、経済性を考慮すると20重量%以下程度であることが好ましい。
【0026】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明する。尚、実施例に記載した組成分析値は、下記方法により測定した値である。
(1)組成分析
液体クロマトグラフ〔日本分光(株)製、形式:PU−980、検出器:UV−970、カラム:ODS−充填剤径5μm〕を使用し、展開溶媒としてアセトニトリル/水系グラジエントを用いて測定した。
【0027】
実施例1
4−イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー65.1重量%、トリマー以上の4−イソプロペニルフェノール低重合物12.3重量%、4−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2,2,4−トリメチルクロマン(以降コダイマーと称す)13.2重量%、2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2,4,4−トリメチルクロマン(以降フラバンと称す)7.4重量%、ビスフェノールA1.0重量%、フェノール0.2重量%、その他高沸点不純物0.8重量%からなるイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物を、留出部(上部)には充填塔を付設した開裂反応器を用いて開裂反応を行った。充填塔の充填部には高さ60cmの規則充填物〔住友重機(株)製、商品名:メラパック)を充填し、その下部にデミスターを兼ねた集液器を設置した。開裂反応器には、イソプロペニルフェノール低重合物を連続的に供給し、温度230℃、6.7kPaの減圧下において水酸化ナトリウム触媒の存在下で開裂反応を行った。充填塔充填部の温度は180℃、6.4kPaの減圧に制御した。開裂器留出物は蒸気状態で連続的に抜き出して充填塔に供給し、凝縮器にて凝縮した後、還流比0.3で充填塔の上部よりリフラックスした。2ヶ月間連続運転を実施したが充填部の圧力上昇は認められなかった。充填塔留出物は、4−イソプロペニルフェノールの重合を抑制する為に、オクタノール吸収液にて吸収した。本吸収液の組成分析を行った結果、オクタノールを除く成分の組成は次の様であった。即ち、4−イソプロペニルフェノール93.8重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー4.0重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールトリマー0.8重量%、コダイマー0.4重量%、フラバン0.3重量%、フェノール0.6重量%、その他0.1重量%であり、供給原料中のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の93重量%が回収された。また、この時の開裂残渣中には、コダイマーとフラバンがそれぞれ49重量%及び27重量%含有していた。
【0028】
実施例2
充填塔下部の集液部より、蒸留塔の還流液の5重量%に相当する液量を連続的に抜き出した以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で開裂反応を行い、留出物をオクタノールにて吸収した。本吸収液の組成分析を行った結果、オクタノールを除く成分の組成は次の様であった。即ち、4−イソプロペニルフェノール94.1重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー4.1重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールトリマー0.8重量%、コダイマー0.2重量%、フラバン0.1重量%、フェノール0.6重量%、その他0.1重量%であった。また開裂残渣中には、コダイマーとフラバンがそれぞれ9重量%及び4重量%含有していた。
【0029】
比較例1
開裂反応機留出部の充填塔を取り除き、留出物を直接系外に抜き出した以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で開裂反応を行い、オクタノールにて吸収した。本吸収液の組成分析を行った結果、オクタノールを除く成分の組成は次の様であった。即ち、4−イソプロペニルフェノール75.1重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー3.2重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールトリマー0.7重量%、コダイマー12.9重量%、フラバン7.0重量%、フェノール0.6重量%、その他0.5重量%であった。
【0030】
比較例2
蒸留工程の還流比を5とした以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で開裂反応を行い、留出物をオクタノールにて吸収した。本吸収液の組成分析を行った結果、オクタノールを除く成分の組成は次の様であった。即ち、4−イソプロペニルフェノール93.8重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールダイマー4.2重量%、イソプロペニルフェノールトリマー0.9重量%、コダイマー0.3重量%、フラバン0.2重量%、フェノール0.7重量%、その他0.2重量%であり、供給原料中のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の71重量%が回収された。
【0031】
比較例3
充填塔充填部の温度を110℃とした以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で開裂反応を行った。連続運転を開始して3週間経過した時点で充填部の圧力が上昇を始め、7週間経過した時点で運転が困難となったため停止した。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、開裂生成物が蒸気状態で蒸留塔に供給されるため、反応性が高いイソプロペニルフェノール等の重合が防止され、ダイマー、トリマー等のオリゴマーの生成を抑制することができる。従って、高純度のイソプロペニルフェノールを得ることが可能である。更に、蒸留塔内のクロマン誘導体、フラバン誘導体等の不純物をサイドカットすることにより、開裂器残渣中にこれらの不純物が濃縮することを防止でき、開裂残渣中のクロマン類やフラバン類の低減にも繋がる効果を奏する。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for cleaving isopropenylphenol low polymer. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing high-purity isopropenylphenol by cleaving bisphenol and a low-polymerized isopropenylphenol containing impurities such as chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives produced as by-products in the bisphenol production process.
[0002]
The cleavage product obtained by the method of the present invention is usually absorbed in a polar solvent and then sent to an isopropenyl phenol purification step to be used for producing a high-purity isopropenyl phenol (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho). 56-52866). The present invention is preferably applied to cleavage of a low-polymerized isopropenylphenol containing impurities such as bisphenol A and chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives by-produced during the production of bisphenol A.
[0003]
[Prior art]
It is known that when a bisphenol or a bisphenol-containing compound is heated in the presence of a catalyst, the cleavage reaction proceeds to produce phenol, isopropenylphenol, and the like. However, isopropenyl phenol is extremely high in reactivity and easily proceeds to a low polymer such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer. Therefore, in order to obtain high-purity isopropenylphenol, it is usually obtained by re-cleaving a mixture containing the low-polymerized isopropenylphenol and other impurities after removing the phenol component from the cleavage product of bisphenol. . At this time, in order to prevent polymerization of isopropenylphenol, it is known that the cleavage product is collected in a gaseous state or immediately after condensation by contacting with a polar solvent such as octanol or ethylene glycol to collect isopropenylphenol. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-52866). The cleavage product collected in the polar solvent is purified by a method such as crystallization to obtain high-purity isopropenylphenol (Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-26892).
[0004]
However, in such operations, impurities such as chroman derivatives, flavan derivatives, and bisphenol distilled without being cleaved, which are impurities in the cleavage raw material, are mixed in, and the purity of isopropenyl phenol is lowered. Usually, the cleavage reaction is carried out under reduced pressure at a high temperature of 150 to 260 ° C. As the catalyst, a basic catalyst or an acidic catalyst may be used, or no catalyst may be used.
[0005]
Isopropenylphenol is extremely reactive, and when it is in a liquid state, polymerization occurs quickly and causes a reduction in cleavage yield. Therefore, conventionally, the cleavage product mainly composed of isopropenylphenol is distilled from the reactor in a vapor state, and operations such as distillation purification are not performed. For this reason, impurities contained in the cleavage raw material, various impurities by-produced by the cleavage reaction, and the like were mixed in the cleavage distillate, causing a reduction in the purity of the cleavage product.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for cleaving an isopropenyl phenol low-polymerized product capable of obtaining high-purity isopropenylphenol.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have supplied the cleavage product to a distillation column in a vapor state, and isopropenylphenol while distilling at a specific reflux ratio without installing a heating source such as a reboiler in the distillation process. The present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by carrying out a cleavage reaction of a low polymer, and have established the method of the present invention.
[0008]
That is, the present invention relates to isopropenylphenol for producing isopropenylphenol from bisphenol and an isopropenylphenol low polymer containing at least one compound selected from chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives by-produced in the bisphenol production process. In the method for cleaving a low polymer, (1) an isopropenylphenol low polymer containing at least one compound selected from bisphenol and a chroman derivative and a flavan derivative by-produced in the process of producing bisphenol is supplied to a cleaving device. , 150-260 ° C., a cleavage step that undergoes a cleavage reaction under a reduced pressure condition of 40 kPa or less, (2) a cleavage step The product is supplied to the distillation column in a vapor state and distilled under a reduced pressure condition of 130-200 ° C., 40 kPa or less Distillation process, (3) Distillation process distillation Condensed and refluxed to the distillation step a part at a reflux ratio of 0.01 to 3, a cleavage method of isopropenylphenol low polymer which comprises refluxing step, withdrawing the remaining portion out of the system.
[0009]
The feature of the present invention is that the cleavage product is supplied to the distillation tower in the vapor state in the above-described configuration, and the distillation is performed while distilling at a specific reflux ratio without installing a heating source such as a reboiler in the distillation process. It is to carry out the cleavage reaction of propenylphenol low polymer. Other preferred embodiments include the above-described cleavage method for returning the column bottom liquid in the distillation step to the cleavage step, and the above-described cleavage method for extracting at least 1% by weight of the distillation column reflux liquid out of the system by side cut. A method to which the present invention can be preferably applied is a method for cleaving isopropenylphenol low polymer containing impurities such as bisphenol A, chroman derivatives by-produced in the production process of bisphenol A, and flavan derivatives.
[0010]
According to the present invention, since the cleavage product is supplied to the distillation column in the vapor state, polymerization of highly reactive isopropenyl phenol and the like can be prevented, and formation of oligomers such as dimer and trimer can be suppressed and bisphenol, The chroman derivative, flavan derivative and the like by-produced during the bisphenol production process can be separated and removed efficiently. Therefore, it is possible to obtain high purity isopropenylphenol.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. In the present invention, bisphenol and a mixture containing chroman derivative, flavan derivative, etc. produced as a by-product in the bisphenol production process are supplied to the cleaver for cleavage, and the cleavage product is supplied to the distillation column in a vapor state, and the specific reflux This is a method for cleaving a low-polymerized product of isopropenylphenol, wherein high-purity isopropenylphenol is produced by distillation while refluxing at a specific ratio.
[0012]
The raw material for the cleavage reaction in the present invention includes bisphenols such as bisphenol A and bisphenol F, and low-polymerization of isopropenylphenol containing impurities such as chroman derivatives, flavan derivatives, and mixtures thereof by-produced in the production process of the bisphenol Things are used. The term “isopropenylphenol low polymer” as used herein refers to a mixture containing dimers, trimers, tetramers, or higher multimers of isopropenylphenol, which contains an isopropenylphenol monomer. Good. Usually, the upper limit of the multimer is about 6 to 7 mer. There is no particular limitation on the content of the dimer, trimer, tetramer, or higher multimer in the cleavage reaction raw material to which the present invention can be applied. Generally, it is at least about 20% by weight. Preferably it is at least about 50% by weight. When a large amount of low-boiling components such as phenol is contained, it is preferable to perform the cleavage reaction after removing the low-boiling components in advance.
[0013]
The cleavage reaction in the present invention is a method for obtaining a high-purity isopropenyl phenol by cleaving a low-isopropenylphenol polymer, and is carried out under a reduced pressure condition of 40 kPa or less at a high temperature of 150 to 260 ° C. A catalyst may or may not be used. When used, a basic catalyst or an acidic catalyst is used. Examples of basic catalysts include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and the like. Examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium oxide and the like. Examples of the acidic catalyst include aluminum chloride, zirconium chloride, and zirconium sulfate. In general, a basic catalyst is preferred. The amount of the catalyst used is preferably 1% by weight or less based on the low-polymerized isopropenylphenol which is a cleavage reaction raw material.
[0014]
In order to improve the yield, bubbling may be continuously performed with an inert gas from the lower part of the cleavage reactor. The method for supplying the cleavage reaction raw material to the cleaver may be continuous, intermittent, or batchwise. A continuous feed is preferred.
[0015]
As described above, isopropenyl phenol produced by the cleavage reaction is extremely reactive, and particularly when it becomes liquid, a polymerization reaction occurs rapidly, and low polymer such as isopropenyl phenol dimer and trimer is produced. Considering the yield of isopropenylphenol, when distilling the cleavage product from the cleavage reactor, the vapor state is preferred and the liquid phase part should be minimized. From this point of view, in the present invention, reboiler-type distillation installed in a normal distillation tower is not preferable. In the present invention, the cleavage product is led to the distillation column in the vapor state. Here, the vapor state may be a state containing liquid phase mist as long as the amount is small. Specifically, the liquid phase part may be included as long as it is 30% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less.
[0016]
Examples of the distillation column include a packed column type distillation column, a thin film type distillation column, and a partial condenser type distillation column. The supply stage of the cleavage product to the distillation tower may be the middle stage of the tower, but the bottom is preferred. The distillation column may be attached to the upper part of the cleavage reactor, or may be installed independently of the cleavage reactor. In consideration of condensation, liquefaction, and the like when the vaporized cleavage product is supplied to the distillation column, a distillation column attached to the upper portion of the cleavage reactor is preferable. The number of stages of the distillation column may be such that high-boiling substances such as chroman derivatives, flavan derivatives, and isopropenylphenol dimers can be separated from isopropenylphenol. An increase in the residence time of the liquid in the distillation column leads to a deterioration in the yield of isopropenylphenol. Therefore, it is better to shorten the liquid residence time in the distillation column rectification section. Generally, 1 to 10 distillation columns are used in the theoretical plate. For this reason, the distillation column may be a plate column, but a packed column system having a small liquid hold-up amount and excellent operability is preferred. Depending on the case, a thin film distillation column system or a partial condenser system may be used.
[0017]
It is preferable to install a demister for preventing entrainment of liquid mist at the lower part of the distillation column. In a packed column type distillation column, impurities that are easily solidified contained in the liquid mist cause clogging of the packing material or drift, leading to a decrease in distillation efficiency and deterioration in the operational stability of the distillation column. It is. In the case of a thin-film distillation column or a partial condenser, it is preferable to install a demister at the outlet of the partial steam in order to prevent the purity from being reduced by liquid mist. A collector demister is preferably used as the lower demister.
[0018]
The operating temperature of the distillation column is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of the reactivity of isopropenylphenol. However, the low-temperature operation leads to solid matter generation and blockage due to low polymer such as isopropenylphenol dimer and trimer. On the other hand, the temperature of the distillation column is determined by gas-liquid equilibrium, and the vapor composition does not change greatly. Therefore, raising the distillation column temperature leads to raising the cleavage pressure. The pressure in the cleavage reactor requires a moderate degree of vacuum because of the cleavage yield. For this reason, if the temperature is raised too much, the yield of isopropenylphenol in the cleavage reactor will decrease.
[0019]
As a result of diligent examination in consideration of these things, by operating the temperature in the distillation column within the range of 130 to 200 ° C. in which the low polymer does not coagulate and the decomposition of isopropenylphenol dimer or the like begins. It has been found that impurities such as chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives can be separated and removed without generation or blockage of solids and a decrease in yield of 4-isopropenylphenol. The pressure in the distillation column is preferably 40 kPa or less.
[0020]
The cleaved product distilled from the distillation column is condensed and a part thereof is refluxed to the distillation column. This reflux liquid may be a part of the liquid that has been fully contracted by the full contractor, or may be a part or all of the liquid that has been contracted by the partial contractor. Usually, such condensate is refluxed to the distillation column via a condensate receiver. In this case, in the condensate receiver and further in the condenser, a part of isopropenylphenol becomes a low polymer such as dimer or trimer. Such a low polymer is more easily coagulated than isopropenylphenol, and causes solid matter generation and clogging in the distillation column. For this reason, the liquid residence time in a condenser, a condenser receiver, etc. is good to shorten as much as possible.
[0021]
The reflux amount may not be too much or too little. Too much reflux causes a decrease in the yield of isopropenylphenol, and causes solid matter generation and blockage in the distillation column due to a low polymerization product of isopropenylphenol. On the other hand, too little reflux is not preferable in terms of distillation purification effect. Considering this point, the reflux ratio is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 3. More preferably, it is the range of 0.05-1. The reflux ratio here refers to the weight of the reflux liquid / (total distillate vapor weight−reflux liquid weight).
[0022]
On the other hand, the bottom liquid of the distillation column may be discharged out of the system, but it is efficient to return it to the cleavage reactor in consideration of the yield of isopropenylphenol. The high boiling point compound derived from isopropenyl phenol returned to the cleaving device is cleaved again to return to isopropenyl phenol, and it is recovered by distillation.
[0023]
The product extracted from the process including the cleavage reactor and distillation column in the present invention is usually a cleavage product from the top of the distillation column and a residue of the cleavage reactor. However, in this method, impurities such as chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives are concentrated in the residue of the cleavage reactor. The residue is also a useful phenolic compound and is used for various purposes. However, some applications dislike impurities such as chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives, and reduction of these impurities is desired.
[0024]
Although these impurities may be separated and removed from the cleavage residue to be discharged, it is not efficient. In the present invention, it has been found that such a problem can be solved by extracting impurities such as chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives in the distillation column out of the system by side cut. The side cut also leads to an increase in the purity of the cleavage product that has been purified by distillation.
[0025]
The side cut is preferably carried out in the liquid phase part where impurities such as chroman derivatives, flavan derivatives and uncleaved bisphenols are concentrated. Further, as the side cut stage, a stage where these impurities are concentrated is preferable, and the lowermost part of the distillation column is preferable. The side cut may be continuous or intermittent, but the amount of the side cut is preferably at least 1% by weight of the distillation column reflux liquid. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 20% by weight or less in consideration of economy.
[0026]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In addition, the composition analysis value described in the Example is a value measured by the following method.
(1) Composition analysis using liquid chromatograph [manufactured by JASCO Corporation, model: PU-980, detector: UV-970, column: ODS-filler diameter 5 μm], and acetonitrile / water gradient as developing solvent And measured.
[0027]
Example 1
4-isopropenylphenol dimer 65.1 wt%, trimer or higher 4-isopropenylphenol low polymer 12.3% wt, 4- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2,2,4-trimethylchroman (hereinafter referred to as codimer) 13.2% by weight, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2,4,4-trimethylchroman (hereinafter referred to as flavan) 7.4% by weight, bisphenol A 1.0% by weight, phenol 0.2% by weight In addition, a low-isopropylenylphenol low polymer composed of 0.8% by weight of other high-boiling impurities was subjected to a cleavage reaction using a cleavage reactor equipped with a packed tower in the distillation part (upper part). The packed part of the packed tower was filled with a regular packing of 60 cm in height (manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., trade name: Merapack), and a liquid collector also serving as a demister was installed in the lower part. A low-isopropenylphenol polymer was continuously supplied to the cleavage reactor, and the cleavage reaction was performed in the presence of a sodium hydroxide catalyst at a temperature of 230 ° C. and a reduced pressure of 6.7 kPa. The temperature in the packed tower packed part was controlled to 180 ° C. and a reduced pressure of 6.4 kPa. The cleaver distillate was continuously extracted in a vapor state, supplied to the packed tower, condensed in the condenser, and then refluxed from the top of the packed tower at a reflux ratio of 0.3. Although continuous operation was carried out for 2 months, no increase in pressure in the filling portion was observed. The packed column distillate was absorbed with an octanol absorbing solution in order to suppress polymerization of 4-isopropenylphenol. As a result of analyzing the composition of this absorbent, the composition of the components excluding octanol was as follows. That is, 93.8% by weight of 4-isopropenylphenol, 4.0% by weight of isopropenylphenol dimer, 0.8% by weight of isopropenylphenol trimer, 0.4% by weight of dimer, 0.3% by weight of flavan, 0. 6% by weight and other 0.1% by weight, and 93% by weight of the low-isopropenylphenol polymer in the feedstock was recovered. The cleavage residue at this time contained 49% by weight and 27% by weight of codimer and flavan, respectively.
[0028]
Example 2
The distillate was converted to octanol by performing the cleavage reaction in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid amount corresponding to 5% by weight of the reflux liquid of the distillation column was continuously withdrawn from the liquid collection part at the bottom of the packed column. Absorbed. As a result of analyzing the composition of this absorbent, the composition of the components excluding octanol was as follows. Namely, 94.1% by weight of 4-isopropenylphenol, 4.1% by weight of isopropenylphenol dimer, 0.8% by weight of isopropenylphenol trimer, 0.2% by weight of dimer, 0.1% by weight of flavan, 0.1% by weight of phenol. They were 6% by weight and other 0.1% by weight. The cleavage residue contained 9% by weight and 4% by weight of codimer and flavan, respectively.
[0029]
Comparative Example 1
The cleavage reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the packed tower at the distillation section of the cleavage reactor was removed and the distillate was directly taken out of the system, and absorbed with octanol. As a result of analyzing the composition of this absorbent, the composition of the components excluding octanol was as follows. Namely, 75.1% by weight of 4-isopropenylphenol, 3.2% by weight of isopropenylphenol dimer, 0.7% by weight of isopropenylphenol trimer, 12.9% by weight of dimer, 7.0% by weight of flavan, and 0.7% of phenol. It was 6% by weight and the other 0.5% by weight.
[0030]
Comparative Example 2
The cleavage reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reflux ratio in the distillation step was set to 5, and the distillate was absorbed with octanol. As a result of analyzing the composition of this absorbent, the composition of the components excluding octanol was as follows. That is, 93.8% by weight of 4-isopropenylphenol, 4.2% by weight of isopropenylphenol dimer, 0.9% by weight of isopropenylphenol trimer, 0.3% by weight of dimer, 0.2% by weight of flavan, 0.2% by weight of phenol. 7 wt% and other 0.2 wt%, and 71 wt% of the low-isopropenylphenol polymer in the feedstock was recovered.
[0031]
Comparative Example 3
The cleavage reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the packed tower packed portion was 110 ° C. When 3 weeks passed from the start of continuous operation, the pressure in the filling portion started to increase, and when 7 weeks passed, the operation became difficult, so the operation was stopped.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the cleavage product is supplied to the distillation column in a vapor state, polymerization of highly reactive isopropenyl phenol or the like can be prevented, and formation of oligomers such as dimer and trimer can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain high purity isopropenylphenol. Furthermore, by side-cutting impurities such as chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives in the distillation column, it is possible to prevent these impurities from concentrating in the cleaver residue, and to reduce chromans and flavans in the cleavage residue. There is a connected effect.

Claims (9)

ビスフェノール、並びに、ビスフェノール製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体及びフラバン誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物より、イソプロペニルフェノールを製造するイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法において、(1)ビスフェノール、並びに、ビスフェノール製造過程で副生するクロマン誘導体及びフラバン誘導体から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物を開裂器に供給し、150〜260℃、40kPa以下の減圧条件下において開裂反応する開裂工程、(2)開裂工程生成物を蒸気状態で蒸留塔に供給し、130〜200℃、40kPa以下の減圧条件下において蒸留する蒸留工程、(3)蒸留工程留出物を凝縮し、その一部を還流比0.01〜3で蒸留工程に還流し、残部を系外に抜き出す還流工程、を含むことを特徴とするイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。Method of cleaving isopropenylphenol low polymer for producing isopropenylphenol from low-polymerized isopropenylphenol comprising at least one compound selected from bisphenol and chroman derivative and flavan derivative by-produced in bisphenol production process In (1) bisphenol, and an isopropenylphenol low polymer containing at least one compound selected from chroman derivatives and flavan derivatives by-produced in the process of producing bisphenol, is supplied to a cleavage device, A cleavage step in which a cleavage reaction is carried out under reduced pressure conditions of 40 kPa or less, (2) a distillation step in which the cleavage step product is supplied to a distillation column in a vapor state and distilled under reduced pressure conditions of 130 to 200 ° C. and 40 kPa or less, (3) Distillation process distillate condensate, part of it Cleavage method distillation step refluxed, isopropenylphenol low polymer which comprises refluxing step of withdrawing the remainder out of the system, at a reflux ratio of 0.01 to 3. 蒸留工程の塔底液を開裂工程に戻すことを特徴とする請求項1記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。The method for cleaving a low-polymerized isopropenyl phenol according to claim 1, wherein the bottom liquid of the distillation step is returned to the cleaving step. 蒸留塔還流液の少なくとも1重量%をサイドカットにて系外に抜き出すことを特徴とする請求項1記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。The method for cleaving a low-isopropenylphenol polymer according to claim 1, wherein at least 1% by weight of the reflux liquid from the distillation column is extracted from the system by side cut. サイドカット箇所が蒸留塔の最下部であることを特徴とする請求項3記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。4. The method for cleaving a low-polymerized isopropenylphenol according to claim 3, wherein the side cut portion is the lowermost part of the distillation column. 蒸留塔が充填塔であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。2. The method for cleaving an isopropenyl phenol low-polymerized product according to claim 1, wherein the distillation column is a packed column. 蒸留塔の下部にデミスターを設置することを特徴とする請求項5記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。The method for cleaving a low-polymerized isopropenylphenol according to claim 5, wherein a demister is installed at the bottom of the distillation column. 蒸留塔の下部デミスターが塔下部の集液器であることを特徴とする請求項6記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。The method for cleaving a low-isopropenylphenol polymer according to claim 6, wherein the lower demister of the distillation column is a liquid collector at the lower portion of the column. 蒸留塔が開裂反応器上部に付設されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。The method for cleaving a low-polymerized isopropenylphenol according to claim 1, wherein a distillation column is attached to the upper part of the cleavage reactor. ビスフェノールがビスフェノールAであることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のイソプロペニルフェノール低重合物の開裂方法。The method for cleaving an isopropenylphenol low-polymerized product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the bisphenol is bisphenol A.
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