JP4250804B2 - Manufacturing method of coated paper for offset printing by on-machine coater method - Google Patents
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は印刷用塗工紙の製造方法に関し、特に原紙製造工程と塗工工程が連続して行われる、いわゆるオンマシンコーター方式を用いる塗工紙の製造方法において白紙面感及び印刷面感、印刷光沢、インキ受理均一性がすぐれたオンマシンコーター方式によるオフセット印刷用塗工紙 ( 以下、オフマシンコーター方式による印刷用塗工紙又は塗工紙に関する記載箇所を除き、オンマシンコーター方式によるオフセット印刷用塗工紙を単に「印刷用塗工紙」又は「塗工紙」という場合もある。 ) を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年印刷用塗工紙の製造はより高い生産性を達成するために、塗工設備の高速化、広幅化が進んでいる。これらは単位時間あたりの生産量を増大させることで生産性の向上に直接寄与する。一方、品質面でも表面がより高平滑、高光沢で均一性のある塗工紙が要求されてきており、それに応じ塗工方式もシングル塗工からダブル塗工、トリプル塗工といった多層塗工化への動き、ダブル塗工においてもより平滑性、光沢をだすために上塗り、下塗りいずれもブレードコーターを用いるダブル塗工方式への動きが急速に進んでおり塗工工程は重装備化しつつある。
【0003】
塗工紙の生産方式には原紙製造工程と塗工工程が独立した設備で製造する方式と原紙製造工程と塗工工程が一体となった設備で連続的に製造する方式に分類される。塗工工程の配置から前者をオフマシンコーター方式、後者をオンマシンコーター方式と一般に呼んで区別している。オフマシンコーター方式において原紙は原紙製造マシンで製造され一旦リールで巻き取られ、次いで該原紙巻取りを独立した塗工設備に移動し原紙を巻きもどしながらコーターで塗工する。
【0004】
オンマシンコーター方式においては原紙製造工程に引き続き塗工工程があるために、原紙は巻き取られることなく連続して塗工される。したがってオンマシンコーターは工数、運転人員、エネルギー効率面でオフマシンコーターより優れているといえる。反面、塗工工程の速度は原紙製造工程の速度に直接支配されることから、坪量範囲が広ければ抄紙速度が変化し、それに応じ塗工速度も変化することから塗工条件の変化を伴う。また塗料処方の変更等を必要とする品種変更への対応については柔軟性に欠ける。オフコーター方式では原紙製造工程と塗工工程が独立していることからそれぞれ独立して工程の最適化が図られる。前記した生産性の進歩はいずれの方式でも同様に適用されている。
【0005】
一方品質面の要求に対しては、オフコーター方式では上塗り、下塗りともブレードコーターによるダブル塗工が一般化しつつある。平滑な塗工表面を形成するには非常に有効な塗工方式であるが、両面塗工の場合には4つの塗工ステーションとそれに付随する4つの乾燥設備を必要とし重装備となる。洋紙マシンでのオンマシンコーター方式においては設備面、操業面の問題もあり未だこの方式は実用化されていない。最新のオンマシンコーターでの構成は下塗をロールコーターで両面同時塗工し、その後ブレードコーターで上塗りを片面づつ行う方式のダブル塗工であり、塗工工程だけみればシンプルな構成となる。
【0006】
以上の観点から、オンマシンコーター方式は製品の坪量が低く、塗工量が少ない品種を大量に生産する場合に好ましく採用される。一方、オフマシンコーター方式はこのような分野に加え、品質要求レベルの高い高級用途向けの塗工紙生産に採用されるケースも多く、印刷用塗工紙製造における主流の方式となっている。
【0007】
さらに具体的にはオンマシンコーター方式で生産される塗工紙は欧米では主として雑誌用に使用されるLWC(中質系の軽量塗工紙)、国内では同様な用途である微塗工紙、A3、B3(軽量コート紙)といった軽量塗工紙がほとんどである。一方、カタログ、ポスター、高級印刷用に使用されるA2、B2(コート紙)、A1(アート紙)といった高級グレードへのオンマシンコーター塗工方式の適用については欧米、国内いずれにおいても非常に稀なケースに属する。これらの品種についてはもっぱらオフマシンコーター方式で製造されているのが現状である。
【0008】
しかしながら、効率面で前記した数多くの利点を有するオンマシンコーター方式で品質的にもオフマシンコーターを凌ぐ高級用途の塗工紙が製造できれば、産業上非常に好ましいことである。塗工設備以外にオンマシンコーター方式で品質の良い塗工紙を製造する際に問題となるのは塗工前原紙の評価ができない点にある。実際塗工されている原紙の善し悪しはオンラインの測定機である程度の評価はできるものの実際には塗工した製品の品質から推定する他はない。
【0009】
オフマシンコーターでは原紙製造マシンが独立していることから原紙の事前評価とそれゆえ原紙品質のきめこまかな管理が可能である。特に塗工原紙として平滑性は非常に重要な物性項目であるが、オンマシンコーターの場合塗工前に原紙を平滑化する手段としてキャレンダーを備えているにしても、原紙専用マシンに比べ通紙性を考慮しキャレンダーの段数は少なく充分な平滑度を得るには不満足なケースが多い。加えてオンマシンコーターでは原紙が充分冷却されずに塗工工程にはいるために、40〜60℃といった紙面温度の高い原紙に塗料が塗布される。また原紙に塗布された余剰のカラーは掻き落とされ循環再利用されるが原紙の熱を吸収し30〜50℃といった温度まで上昇する。このことは、その後の乾燥エネルギーの節約になりオンマシンコーターが冷えた原紙に塗工するオフマシンコーターに比べ消費エネルギーで優れる要因の一つである。
【0010】
しかし一方で、オンマシンコーターのこの特徴は、カラーの原紙への浸透がより急速かつ多量に起こりやすいことを意味し、その結果原紙表面の凹凸を被覆する作用が劣ると同時に、原紙への水の浸透による粗面化とあいまって塗工後の表面の平滑性が劣り、ガサツキ感あるいは光沢ムラのある面感になり易い。このような塗工紙をスーパーキャレンダー、ソフトキャレンダーで仕上げ処理をすると、白紙光沢度、平滑度といった物性値は目標値に到達できたとしても、面感すなわち視感で判定される表面特性である平滑感の不足やガサツキ感、光沢ムラを完全に解消することはできない。さらに白紙面感のみならず、印刷後の面感、印刷光沢、インキ受理の均一性等の品質も不満足となる。このような現象は原紙の米坪があがるほど顕著になり、オンマシンコーターが高級用途の塗工紙製造用としてはほとんど利用されていない原因にもなっている。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上のような状況に鑑み、本発明の課題は印刷用塗工紙の製造方法に関し、特に原紙製造工程と塗工工程が連続して行われる、いわゆるオンマシンコーター方式による塗工紙の製造方法により、従来もっぱらオフマシンコーター方式で製造されていた高級印刷用塗工紙を凌ぐ品質の塗工紙を効率よく製造することにある。さらに具体的にはオンマシンコーター塗工品では難しいとされた白紙面感、印刷面感、印刷光沢、インキ受理均一性の優れた印刷用塗工紙の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、原紙製造工程と塗工工程が連続して行われるオンマシンコーター方式によるオフセット印刷用塗工紙の製造方法において、原紙製造工程におけるワイヤパートはカウンターブレード付きオントップフォーマーにて原紙を均一な地合に形成し、該原紙の乾燥はシングルデッキドライヤからのみ構成される乾燥設備で吸引しながら該原紙をカンバスに固定して乾燥し、
塗工工程での下塗の塗工量は片面あたり乾燥重量として2〜10g/m2の範囲でフィルムトランスファー方式のコーターにて塗工するとともに、上塗をファウンテンノズルタイプのブレードコーターにて塗工し、かつ、塗工紙の試験片を調湿条件20℃、65%RHで調湿し、JIS P 8113で規定される方法に準拠し定速伸張型引張試験機によって前記調湿条件雰囲気下で測定した塗工紙の引張破断伸びの縦横比が下記になるよう調整することを特徴とするオンマシンコーター方式によるオフセット印刷用塗工紙の製造方法である。
1<SCD/SMD≦3
SCD;塗工紙の横方向の引張破断伸び、SMD;塗工紙の縦方向の引張破断伸び
【0013】
以下、本発明の詳細を示す。
本発明において使用される塗工紙製造設備は、原紙を製造する工程と塗工を行う工程が連続して行われる、いわゆるオンマシンコーターである。この塗工設備においてオフコーター塗工紙を凌ぐ品質の塗工紙を得るために原紙製造条件、塗工条件、塗料処方と塗工紙品質の関係を検討した結果、意外にも塗工製品の引張破断伸びの縦横比と塗工紙の白紙面感、印刷品質にきわめて密接な関係があることを見出した。すなわちオンマシンコーターにおいて同一塗料処方を用い、原紙の製造条件を変え塗工紙の引張破断伸びの縦横比を3以下にコントロールした場合にガサツキ感が無く、平滑性、均一性に優れた白紙及び印刷面感を有し、印刷光沢、インキ受理均一性のすぐれた塗工紙が得られることを見出し本発明に至った。
【0014】
ここで引張破断伸びとはJIS P 8113で規定される方法に準拠し測定される値であるが、本発明では定速伸張型引張試験機を用いた。試験片の形状は幅15mm、長さ250mmとし、縦方向、横方向それぞれから採取した試験片各10枚以上採取し、つかみ間隔180mm、引張り速度毎分20mmとして測定し、有効な値10点について平均をとり引張破断伸びとした。尚、ここで縦方向とは抄紙方向、横方向とは抄紙方向に対し直交する方向を意味する。但しJIS P8113とは異なり、試験用紙の前処理は調湿条件20℃、65%RHで行い、同雰囲気下で測定を行った。オンマシンコーターにおいて塗工前原紙は定常状態で採取できないことから測定対象は塗工後の塗工紙とした。塗工後、スーパーキャレンダー、ソフトニップキャレンダー等による仕上処理がオフラインまたはオンラインで行われるが、測定対象は仕上処理前後いずれのサンプルでも良い。引張破断伸びの縦横比は3以下で、低いほど好ましいが現実的に制御できる下限値は1.5であった。従来のオンマシンコーターで製造された塗工紙について測定した引張破断伸びの縦横比は3.5〜7の範囲であった。
【0015】
引張破断伸びをオンマシンコーターで製造される塗工紙において特定の範囲に制御することで面感、印刷光沢、インキ受理均一性が改善される理由については明確でないが、次のように考えられる。引張破断伸びは製造工程で受けた紙の履歴を反映し、特に紙の収縮率との相関が高い。数値が高い程製造時の収縮率が高いことを意味する。また一般に縦方向と横方向を比較した場合、常に横方向の収縮率が縦方向より高い。ここにおいて引張破断伸びの縦横比が低いということは製造時に受けた紙の横方向の収縮量が低かったことを示唆している。
【0016】
一方、収縮が起きるとすれば、収縮によって発生した歪みはどこかに吸収される必要がある。もっとも起こり易い現象は厚さ方向への跳ね返りである。厚みの増大が均一に起これば表面状態に変化はないと考えられるが、不均一に起こるとすれば表面状態の変化、すなわち平滑性の低下を伴う。紙のような不均質体では不均一な厚みの増大がミクロ部分で発生し、その結果、表面が粗面化すると考えるのが極めて妥当である。
【0017】
次にオンマシンコーターにおいては塗工前原紙の平滑性がオフコーター用原紙に比べより重要である。すなわち、塗工工程では高温の原紙に高温のカラーが塗布されるため、前記したように塗料の原紙層への浸透がより急速かつ多量であり、原紙表面の凹凸を被覆する作用に欠けるため、塗工前原紙の平滑性の影響をより受け易いと考えられる。一方で前記したように原紙の平滑化手段であるキャレンダー処理はオンマシンコーターでは原紙製造専用マシンに比べ不十分であることが多い。ここで引張破断伸びの縦横比が低いということは原紙製造工程での横方向の収縮率が低いことと関係し、収縮することによる原紙表面の粗面化が抑えられるものと推定される。第二に塗工工程に続く乾燥工程での収縮が同じ理由により起こりやすくその結果塗工後の表面があれるという理由も考えられる。
【0018】
次に引張破断の伸びの縦横比を制御する方法であるが、原料の叩解度の調整、充填剤の添加量調整、ジェットワイヤ比の調整、張力の調整、乾燥ゾーンにおける収縮の調整等、周知の技術を組み合わせることで達成できる。特に有効な方法は乾燥ゾーンでの収縮を抑えることであり、このため原紙の乾燥方式として、ヤンキードライヤを用いる方法や乾燥ゾーン全群をシングルデッキドライヤとしかつ吸引しながらカンバス表面に紙を固定し乾燥を行う方法があるが、高速での乾燥能力、安定性の観点からは後者の方式は非常に有効である。
【0019】
本発明では塗工工程において、下塗は特に上塗塗料の急激な脱水を緩和するため及び原紙の表面をある程度被覆するために、下塗塗工量は片面あたり乾燥重量として2〜10g/m2の範囲で塗工することが望ましい。本発明で得られた塗工紙はスーパーキャレンダー、ソフトニップキャレンダー等でオフラインまたはオンラインで所定の白紙光沢になるよう処理され、マット調、グロス調塗工紙として仕上げられる。本発明が特にその効果を発揮するのは白紙光沢65%以上、米坪80g/m2以上で高級印刷用に使用されるいわゆるA2、B2、A1塗工紙に分類される印刷用塗工紙である。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で使用されるオンマシンコーターの構成について以下説明する。原紙製造工程は周知の通りワイヤパート、プレスパート、ドライパートから構成される。ここでとくに重要なのはワイヤパート、ドライパートである。ワイヤパートは均一な地合構成の観点からカウンターブレード付きオントップフォーマーが好ましい。地合が悪いと塗工層の均一性に影響を与え、白紙面感、印刷面感の均一性に悪影響を及ぼす。ドライパートは前記したように引張破断伸びの縦横比に大きな影響を与えるため、原紙の収縮を最大限抑えるべく設備面、運転面で配慮する必要がある。
【0021】
この観点から選択される実施形態としては前記したように乾燥ゾーン全群をシングルデッキドライヤとしかつ吸引しながらカンバス表面に紙を固定し乾燥を行う方法が好ましい。シングルデッキ方式においては紙は常にカンバス上にあるためカンバスから分離した状態で乾燥される場所が存在するダブルデッキ方式に比べ横方向の伸縮が抑制される。全群シングルデッキでも吸引装置が無い場合あるいはあっても吸引が不十分な場合には所定の効果が得られない場合もある。またシングルデッキとダブルデッキの組み合わせも考えられるが、全群シングルデッキ方式に比べると効果は劣る。但し引張破断伸びの縦横比の制御は乾燥設備だけで決まるものではないので、他の手段との組み合わせの中で本発明で特定する範囲内に制御できれば、本発明での乾燥方式に限定されるものでは無い。
【0022】
塗工工程はダブル塗工ができることが必要である。下塗の塗工装置はブレードコーター、ロールコーター等が使用できるが、オンマシンコーターでの操業性を重視し、両面同時塗工であるゲートロールコーター、トランスファーロールコーター、メタリングサイズレスコーター等のフィルムトランスファー方式のコーターが使用される。下塗は特に上塗塗料の急激な脱水を緩和するため及び原紙の表面をある程度被覆するために必要である。塗工量は片面あたり乾燥重量として2〜10g/m2の範囲で塗工することが望ましい。2g/m2より少ない塗工量では原紙の被覆性が不足し、上塗塗工後の面感が劣る。10g/m2より多い塗工量ではロールパターンが発生しやすくまた塗工量の制御が困難になる。
【0023】
上塗の塗工装置としてはブレードコーター、バーコーター、エアナイフコーター、リバースロールコーター、カーテンコーター等が使用できるが、ファウンテンノズルタイプのブレードコーターが好ましい。塗工量は片面あたり乾燥重量として7〜15g/m 2 が好ましい。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下に実施例をあげて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。実施例に用いた塗工紙製造設備と塗料処方を以下に示した。塗工紙製造設備は実際の生産ラインである2つのオンマシンコーターを用いた。原料はLBKP80%、NBKP20%の配合からなるパルプを500mlまで叩解し、填料、紙力剤、サイズ剤等を添加した紙料を用いた。塗工量は片面あたりの乾燥重量として下塗で3〜7g/m2、上塗で12g/m2とした。塗工紙の仕上げは12段からなるスーパーキャレンダーを用い白紙光沢72度を目標にしてオフラインで処理した。
【0025】
オンマシンコーター(A)
ワイヤパート;カウンターブレード付きオントップ型ハイブリッドフォーマー
ドライパート;吸引装置付全群シングルデッキドライヤ
下塗コーター;ゲートロールコーター
上塗コーター;ジェットファウンテン型ブレードコーター
【0026】
オンマシンコーター(B)
ワイヤパート;オントップ型ハイブリッドフォーマー
ドライパート;シングルデッキドライヤ+ダブルデッキドライヤ
下塗コーター;ゲートロールコーター
上塗コーター;ジェットファウンテン型ブレードコーター
【0027】
下塗塗料
顔料;カオリン/湿式重質炭酸カルシウム=30重量部/70重量部
バインダー;澱粉/SBRラテックス=12重量部/12重量部
上塗塗料
顔料;カオリン/湿式重質炭酸カルシウム=70重量部/30重量部
バインダー;澱粉/SBRラテックス=3重量部/14重量部
【0028】
〈品質評価方法〉得られた塗工紙は白紙物性、面感を評価するとともに、4色オフセット枚葉印刷機で、墨、藍、紅、黄のプロセスインキを使用し、12000枚/時の印刷速度で印刷し印刷物の品質を併せて評価した。評価項目と評価方法について以下に示した。
【0029】
白色光沢度;JIS−P8142で規定される方法に準拠し(株)村上色彩研究所製の光沢度計を用い、75度光沢を測定した。
塗工紙の引張破断伸び縦横比;JIS
P8113で規定される方法に準拠し、測定機として定速伸張型引張試験機である(株)オリエンテック社製テンシロンRTM−100を用いた。塗工紙の試験片の形状は幅15mm、長さ250mmとし、縦方向、横方向それぞれから採取した試験片各10枚以上採取し、つかみ間隔180mm、引張り速度毎分20mmとして測定し、有効な値10点について平均をとり塗工紙の引張破断伸びとした。縦横比は以下の式により求めた。
縦横比=SCD/SMD
SCD;塗工紙の横方向の引張破断伸び、SMD;塗工紙の縦方向の引張破断伸び
但し、JIS P8113とは異なり、試験用紙の前処理は調湿条件20℃、65%RHで行い、同雰囲気下で測定を行った。
【0030】
平滑度;王研式平滑度計を用い測定した。
白紙面感;官能検査で白紙表面の均一性、平滑感を5段階評価(数字が高いほど均一で平滑感が高い)。
印刷光沢度;印刷物の4色重ね部の光沢度を村上色彩研究所製の光沢度計を用い、60度光沢度を測定した。
印刷面感;官能検査で印刷物べた部の表面均一性、平滑感を5段階評価(数字が高いほど均一で平滑感が高い)。
インキ受理均一性;官能検査で印刷物ハーフトーン部のインキ受理均一性を5段階評価(数字が高いほど均一性が高い)。
【0031】
実施例1
オンマシンコーター(A)を使用し、塗工紙の引張破断伸びの縦横比が最低になるようジェットワイヤ比及び乾燥工程での吸引を調整して、ラインスピード1000m/分で、下塗塗工量を3g/m2(片面)、上塗塗工量を12g/m2とし、目標米坪84.9g/m2のA2グレードの塗工紙を作成した。白紙及び印刷物の評価結果を表1に示した。
【0032】
実施例2
ラインスピード600m/分で、下塗塗工量を5g/m2(片面)とし、目標米坪127.9g/m2の塗工紙を作成した以外は実施例1と同様にしてA2グレードの塗工紙を作成した。
【0033】
実施例3
ラインスピード500m/分で、下塗塗工量を7g/m2(片面)とし、目標米坪157g/m2の塗工紙を作成した以外は実施例1と同様にしてA2グレードの塗工紙を作成した。
【0034】
実施例4
実施例3において塗工紙の引張破断伸びの縦横比が3になるようにジェットワイヤ比を変更した以外は実施例3と同様にしてA2グレードの塗工紙を作成した。
【0035】
比較例1〜3
実施例1〜3において乾燥工程の吸引を止めて塗工紙を製造した以外は実施例1〜3と同様にして、目標米坪84.9g/m2(比較例1)、127.9g/m2(比較例2)、157g/m2(比較例3)の塗工紙を作成した。
【0036】
比較例4〜6
実施例1〜3においてオンマシンコーター(A)のかわりにオンマシンコーター(B)を使用した以外は、実施例1〜3と同様にして、目標米坪84.9g/m2、127.9g/m2(比較例5)、157g/m2(比較例6)の塗工紙を作成した。
【0037】
参考例1〜3
オフコーターで製造された市販のA2塗工紙についての評価結果を参考例1〜3として示した。
【0038】
【表1】
【0039】
【発明の効果】
表1の結果から明らかなように、本発明の方法によると、オンマシンコーター塗工では製造が難しかった白紙面感、印刷品質を示す印刷光沢、印刷面感及びインキ受理均一性の優れた塗工紙の製造が可能になり、従来専らオフコーターで製造されていた高級印刷用途の塗工紙を凌ぐ面感、印刷適性の優れた塗工紙が低コストで製造できる。オフコーター方式に比べより簡素な設備、より少ない工程、より少ないエネルギー消費で高品質の塗工紙を効率よく製造できることから、本発明はエネルギー多消費型産業といわれる製紙産業において省エネルギーにも寄与し、実用的価値も高い。また下塗の塗工量は片面あたり乾燥重量として2〜10g/m2の範囲でフィルムトランスファー方式のコーターにて塗工するとともに、上塗をファウンテンノズルタイプのブレードコーターにて塗工することとしたので、上塗塗料の急激な脱水を緩和することができ、原紙の表面被覆が良好となり、かつ上塗塗工後の面感が良好となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a coated paper for printing, especially sheet manufacturing process and the coating process is continuously performed, blank surface feel and printing surface feel in the manufacturing method of the coated paper using a so-called on-machine coater method, On-machine coater offset coated paper with excellent print gloss and ink acceptance uniformity ( offset below using the on-machine coater method, except where stated on the off-machine coater printing coated paper or coated paper) sometimes referred to coated printing paper simply "coated printing paper" or "coated paper".) relates to a process for preparing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the production of coated paper for printing has been accelerated and widened in order to achieve higher productivity. These directly contribute to the improvement of productivity by increasing the production amount per unit time. On the other hand, there has been a demand for coated paper with a smoother surface, higher gloss, and uniformity in terms of quality, and in response to this, the coating method has changed from single coating to double coating and triple coating. In order to achieve smoothness and gloss even in double coating, the top coating and the undercoating are rapidly moving to the double coating method using a blade coater, and the coating process is becoming heavy equipment.
[0003]
The production methods of coated paper are classified into a method in which the base paper manufacturing process and the coating process are manufactured by an independent facility, and a method in which the base paper manufacturing process and the coating process are continuously manufactured in an integrated facility. From the arrangement of the coating process, the former is generally called the off-machine coater method and the latter is called the on-machine coater method. In the off-machine coater system, a base paper is manufactured by a base paper manufacturing machine, and is once wound up by a reel, and then the base paper winding is moved to an independent coating facility, and the base paper is wound up and applied by a coater.
[0004]
In the on-machine coater method, since there is a coating process following the base paper manufacturing process, the base paper is continuously applied without being wound up. Therefore, it can be said that the on-machine coater is superior to the off-machine coater in terms of man-hours, operating personnel, and energy efficiency. On the other hand, since the speed of the coating process is directly governed by the speed of the base paper manufacturing process, if the basis weight range is wide, the paper making speed changes, and the coating speed also changes accordingly. . In addition, it lacks flexibility when dealing with product changes that require changes in paint formulation. In the off-coater system, the base paper manufacturing process and the coating process are independent, so that the process can be optimized independently. The above-described advancement in productivity is similarly applied to any method.
[0005]
On the other hand, with respect to quality requirements, double coating using a blade coater is becoming common for both the top coat and the undercoat in the off coater method. Although it is a very effective coating method for forming a smooth coating surface, in the case of double-sided coating, four coating stations and four drying equipments associated therewith are required, which are heavy equipment. The on-machine coater system in a paper machine has not been put into practical use because of problems in equipment and operation. The latest on-machine coater configuration is a double coating method in which the undercoat is coated simultaneously on both sides with a roll coater, and then the top coat is applied on one side with a blade coater.
[0006]
From the above viewpoint, the on-machine coater method is preferably employed when a large number of varieties having a low product basis weight and a small coating amount are produced. On the other hand, the off-machine coater method is used in the production of coated paper for high-grade applications with high quality requirements in addition to such fields, and has become the mainstream method in the production of coated paper for printing.
[0007]
More specifically, the coated paper produced by the on-machine coater method is LWC (medium-weight lightweight coated paper) mainly used for magazines in Europe and the United States, and fine coated paper that has the same application in Japan, Most of them are lightweight coated papers such as A3 and B3 (lightweight coated paper). On the other hand, application of on-machine coater coating methods to high-grade grades such as catalogs, posters, A2, B2 (coated paper), and A1 (art paper) used for high-grade printing is very rare both in Europe and the United States. Belongs to the case. Currently, these varieties are produced exclusively by the off-machine coater method.
[0008]
However, if it is possible to produce coated paper for high-grade use that exceeds the off-machine coater in terms of quality by the on-machine coater system having many advantages described above in terms of efficiency, it is very preferable in the industry. In addition to the coating equipment, the problem when producing high-quality coated paper by the on-machine coater method is that the base paper before coating cannot be evaluated. Although the quality of the base paper actually coated can be evaluated to some extent with an online measuring machine, there is no other way than to estimate it based on the quality of the coated product.
[0009]
In the off-machine coater, since the base paper making machine is independent, it is possible to evaluate the base paper in advance and finely control the base paper quality. In particular, smoothness is a very important physical property for coated paper, but in the case of an on-machine coater, even if a calendar is provided as a means of smoothing the base paper before coating, it is more common than a dedicated machine for base paper. In consideration of paper properties, the number of calendar stages is small, and there are many unsatisfactory cases to obtain sufficient smoothness. In addition, since the on-machine coater enters the coating process without being sufficiently cooled, the paint is applied to the base paper having a high paper surface temperature of 40 to 60 ° C. Further, the excess color applied to the base paper is scraped off and recycled, but it absorbs the heat of the base paper and rises to a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C. This is one of the factors that are superior in energy consumption as compared to an off-machine coater that saves subsequent drying energy and that the on-machine coater applies to cold base paper.
[0010]
On the other hand, however, this feature of on-machine coater means that the penetration of color into the base paper is more rapid and abundant, and as a result, the effect of covering the unevenness of the base paper surface is poor, and at the same time the water on the base paper The surface smoothness after coating is inferior in combination with the roughening due to the permeation of the resin, and it is easy to have a feeling of roughness or uneven glossiness. When such coated paper is finished with a super calender or soft calender, even if the physical properties such as white paper glossiness and smoothness can reach the target values, the surface characteristics that are judged by the feel or visual feeling The lack of smoothness, roughness, and uneven glossiness cannot be completely eliminated. Furthermore, not only the white paper surface feeling but also the quality such as the surface feeling after printing, printing gloss, and uniformity of ink acceptance are unsatisfactory. Such a phenomenon becomes more prominent as the base weight of the base paper increases, and this is the reason why on-machine coaters are hardly used for the production of high-grade coated paper.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the situation as described above, the subject of the present invention relates to a method for producing a coated paper for printing, and in particular, a method for producing a coated paper by a so-called on-machine coater method in which a base paper manufacturing step and a coating step are performed continuously. Thus, it is to efficiently produce coated paper having a quality exceeding that of high-grade printing coated paper that has been produced exclusively by the off-machine coater method. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a coated paper for printing excellent in white paper surface feeling, printing surface feeling , printing gloss, and ink receiving uniformity, which is considered difficult for on-machine coater coated products.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to an on-machine coater method for manufacturing coated paper for offset printing in which a base paper manufacturing process and a coating process are continuously performed. In the base paper manufacturing process, the wire part is an on-top former with a counter blade. The base paper is dried by fixing the base paper to a canvas while sucking it with a drying equipment composed only of a single deck dryer .
The coating amount of the undercoat in the coating process as well as coating by coater film transfer method in the range of 2 to 10 g / m 2 as dry weight per side was applied a topcoat at fountain nozzle type blade coater In addition, the coated paper test piece was conditioned at 20 ° C. and 65% RH under humidity control conditions, and in accordance with the method defined in JIS P 8113, under the above humidity control condition atmosphere by a constant speed extension type tensile tester. An on-machine coater method for producing coated paper for offset printing, wherein the measured aspect ratio of the tensile breaking elongation of the coated paper is adjusted to be as follows.
1 <S CD / S MD ≦ 3
S CD; coated paper horizontal direction of the tensile elongation at break of, S MD; in the vertical direction tensile elongation at break [0013] of coated paper
Details of the present invention will be described below.
The coated paper manufacturing facility used in the present invention is a so-called on-machine coater in which a process for manufacturing a base paper and a process for coating are performed continuously. As a result of studying the relationship between base paper manufacturing conditions, coating conditions, paint prescriptions and coated paper quality in order to obtain coated paper with quality that surpasses the off-coater coated paper in this coating facility, We have found that there is a very close relationship between the aspect ratio of the tensile elongation at break, the blank surface of the coated paper, and the print quality. That is, when using the same paint formulation in an on-machine coater, changing the production conditions of the base paper and controlling the aspect ratio of the tensile breaking elongation of the coated paper to 3 or less, there is no rustiness, and a white paper excellent in smoothness and uniformity. The present inventors have found that a coated paper having a printing surface feeling and excellent printing gloss and ink receiving uniformity can be obtained.
[0014]
Here, the tensile elongation at break is a value measured in accordance with a method defined in JIS P 8113. In the present invention, a constant speed extension type tensile tester was used. The shape of the test piece is 15 mm wide and 250 mm long. Ten or more test pieces taken from each of the vertical and horizontal directions are sampled and measured with a grip interval of 180 mm and a pulling speed of 20 mm per minute. The average was taken as the tensile elongation at break. Here, the longitudinal direction means the paper making direction, and the horizontal direction means a direction orthogonal to the paper making direction. However, unlike JIS P8113, the pretreatment of the test paper was performed under humidity control conditions of 20 ° C. and 65% RH, and measurement was performed in the same atmosphere. Since the base paper before coating cannot be collected in a steady state in an on-machine coater, the object to be measured was coated paper after coating. After coating, finishing processing by a super calender, soft nip calender, etc. is performed off-line or on-line, but the sample to be measured may be any sample before and after the finishing processing. The aspect ratio of the tensile elongation at break was 3 or less, and the lower the better, the lower limit that can be practically controlled was 1.5. The aspect ratio of tensile elongation at break measured for coated paper produced with a conventional on-machine coater was in the range of 3.5-7.
[0015]
It is not clear why the surface feel, printing gloss, and ink acceptance uniformity are improved by controlling the tensile elongation at break to a specific range in coated paper produced by an on-machine coater. . The tensile elongation at break reflects the history of the paper received in the manufacturing process and is particularly highly correlated with the shrinkage of the paper. It means that the shrinkage rate at the time of manufacture is so high that a numerical value is high. In general, when the vertical direction is compared with the horizontal direction, the contraction rate in the horizontal direction is always higher than that in the vertical direction. Here, the fact that the aspect ratio of the tensile elongation at break is low suggests that the amount of shrinkage in the transverse direction of the paper received during production was low.
[0016]
On the other hand, if contraction occurs, the strain generated by the contraction needs to be absorbed somewhere. The most likely phenomenon is rebound in the thickness direction. If the increase in thickness occurs uniformly, it is considered that the surface state does not change, but if it occurs unevenly, it causes a change in surface state, that is, a decrease in smoothness. In a non-homogeneous material such as paper, it is very reasonable to assume that a non-uniform increase in thickness occurs in the micro portion, resulting in a roughened surface.
[0017]
Next, in the on-machine coater, the smoothness of the base paper before coating is more important than the base paper for off-coater. That is, in the coating process, since a high-temperature color is applied to a high-temperature base paper, as described above, the penetration of the paint into the base paper layer is more rapid and large, and lacks the function of covering the unevenness of the base paper surface. It is thought that it is more susceptible to the smoothness of the base paper before coating. On the other hand, as described above, the calendar process, which is a means for smoothing the base paper, is often insufficient with an on-machine coater as compared with a machine dedicated to base paper manufacture. Here, the fact that the aspect ratio of the tensile elongation at break is low is related to the fact that the shrinkage rate in the transverse direction in the raw paper manufacturing process is low, and it is presumed that the roughening of the base paper surface due to shrinkage is suppressed. Secondly, shrinkage in the drying process following the coating process is likely to occur for the same reason, and as a result, the surface after coating may be considered.
[0018]
Next, it is a method of controlling the aspect ratio of the elongation at tensile break, but it is well known that adjustment of the beating degree of raw materials, adjustment of the amount of filler added, adjustment of the jet wire ratio, adjustment of tension, adjustment of shrinkage in the drying zone, etc. This can be achieved by combining these technologies. A particularly effective method is to suppress shrinkage in the drying zone. For this reason, as a method for drying the base paper, a method using a Yankee dryer or a single deck dryer for the entire drying zone is used, and the paper is fixed to the canvas surface while sucking. There is a method of drying, but the latter method is very effective from the viewpoint of drying capability at high speed and stability.
[0019]
In the present invention, in the coating process, the undercoating is particularly in the range of 2 to 10 g / m 2 as a dry weight per side in order to alleviate rapid dehydration of the top coating and to cover the surface of the base paper to some extent. It is desirable to coat with. The coated paper obtained by the present invention is processed offline or online with a super calender, soft nip calender or the like so as to have a predetermined white paper gloss, and finished as matte or glossy coated paper. The present invention is particularly effective when the coated paper for printing classified as so-called A2, B2, and A1 coated paper used for high-grade printing with a gloss of 65% or more and a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 or more. It is.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The configuration of the on-machine coater used in the present invention will be described below. As is well known, the base paper manufacturing process includes a wire part, a press part, and a dry part. Of particular importance here are the wire part and the dry part. The wire part is preferably an on-top former with a counter blade from the viewpoint of uniform formation. A poor texture affects the uniformity of the coating layer and adversely affects the uniformity of the white paper surface and the printed surface. As described above, the dry part has a great influence on the aspect ratio of tensile elongation at break. Therefore, it is necessary to consider in terms of equipment and operation in order to minimize the shrinkage of the base paper.
[0021]
As an embodiment selected from this point of view, as described above, a method in which the entire group of drying zones is a single deck dryer and the paper is fixed on the canvas surface while being sucked and dried is preferable. In the single deck method, since the paper is always on the canvas, expansion and contraction in the lateral direction is suppressed as compared with the double deck method in which there is a place to be dried in a state separated from the canvas. Even if the entire group single deck is not equipped with a suction device, or if there is insufficient suction, the predetermined effect may not be obtained. A combination of a single deck and a double deck is also conceivable, but the effect is inferior compared to the whole group single deck system. However, the control of the aspect ratio of the tensile elongation at break is not determined solely by the drying equipment, so if it can be controlled within the range specified by the present invention in combination with other means, it is limited to the drying method of the present invention. It is not a thing.
[0022]
The coating process must be capable of double coating. Blade coater, roll coater, etc. can be used as the undercoat coating device, but film such as gate roll coater, transfer roll coater, metering sizeless coater, etc., which are simultaneous coating on both sides, with emphasis on operability with on-machine coater. A transfer type coater is used. The undercoat is particularly necessary to alleviate the rapid dehydration of the topcoat and to some extent cover the surface of the base paper. The coating amount is desirably applied in the range of 2 to 10 g / m 2 as a dry weight per side. When the coating amount is less than 2 g / m 2, the covering property of the base paper is insufficient, and the surface feeling after the top coating is inferior. When the coating amount is more than 10 g / m 2 , a roll pattern is likely to be generated, and control of the coating amount becomes difficult.
[0023]
A blade coater, a bar coater, an air knife coater, a reverse roll coater, a curtain coater, or the like can be used as the top coater, but a fountain nozzle type blade coater is preferred. The coating amount is preferably 7 to 15 g / m 2 as a dry weight per side.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The coated paper manufacturing equipment and paint formulation used in the examples are shown below. The coated paper manufacturing equipment used two on-machine coaters, which are actual production lines. The raw material used was a paper stock obtained by beating up to 500 ml of a pulp composed of 80% LBKP and 20% NBKP and adding a filler, a paper strength agent, a sizing agent, and the like. Coating amount is 3 to 7 g / m 2 with a subbing as dry weight per side, was 12 g / m 2 in the topcoat. The finish of the coated paper was processed off-line using a 12-stage super calender with a target of 72 degrees of white paper gloss.
[0025]
On-machine coater (A)
Wire part ; On-top hybrid former dry part with counter blade; Whole group single deck dryer undercoat coater with suction device; Gate roll coater overcoat coater; Jet fountain type blade coater
On-machine coater (B)
Wire part ; On-top hybrid former dry part; Single deck dryer + Double deck dryer primer coater; Gate roll coater top coater; Jet fountain blade coater
Undercoat paint pigment; kaolin / wet heavy calcium carbonate = 30 parts by weight / 70 parts by weight binder; starch / SBR latex = 12 parts by weight / 12 parts by weight overcoat paint pigment; kaolin / wet heavy calcium carbonate = 70 parts by weight / 30 Parts by weight binder; starch / SBR latex = 3 parts by weight / 14 parts by weight
<Quality evaluation method> The coated paper obtained was evaluated for the physical properties and texture of the blank paper, and with a four-color offset sheet-fed printing machine, using process inks of black, indigo, red and yellow, 12000 sheets / hour Printing was performed at a printing speed, and the quality of the printed material was also evaluated. The evaluation items and evaluation methods are shown below.
[0029]
White glossiness: 75 degree glossiness was measured using a gloss meter manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory in accordance with the method defined in JIS-P8142.
Tensile breaking elongation aspect ratio of coated paper ; JIS
In accordance with the method specified in P813, Tensilon RTM-100 (Orientec Co., Ltd.), which is a constant speed extension type tensile tester, was used as a measuring instrument. The shape of the test piece of coated paper is 15 mm in width and 250 mm in length, and 10 or more test pieces taken from each of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are sampled and measured as a grip interval of 180 mm and a tensile speed of 20 mm per minute. An average of 10 points was taken as the tensile elongation at break of the coated paper . The aspect ratio was determined by the following formula.
Aspect ratio = S CD / S MD
S CD; tensile elongation in the transverse direction of the coated paper break, S MD; longitudinal tensile break elongation of coated paper, however, unlike the JIS P8113, pretreatment humidity conditions 20 ° C. of the test paper, 65% RH And measured under the same atmosphere.
[0030]
Smoothness: Measured using a Oken type smoothness meter.
White paper surface feeling: Sensory inspection evaluated the uniformity and smoothness of the white paper surface in five levels (the higher the number, the higher the uniformity and smoothness).
Glossiness of printing: The glossiness of the four-color overlapping portion of the printed matter was measured at 60 ° using a glossiness meter manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory.
Print surface sensation: The surface uniformity and smoothness of the solid part of the printed material were evaluated by a sensory test. The higher the number, the higher the uniformity and smoothness.
Ink acceptance uniformity: The sensory test evaluated the ink acceptance uniformity of the printed halftone part in five levels (the higher the number, the higher the uniformity).
[0031]
Example 1
Using an on-machine coater (A), adjusting the jet wire ratio and the suction in the drying process so that the aspect ratio of the tensile breaking elongation of the coated paper is minimized, and the undercoating amount at a line speed of 1000 m / min. the 3g / m 2 (one-sided), the topcoat coating amount is 12g / m 2, it was to create a coated paper of the A2 grade the target rice basis 84.9g / m 2. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the white paper and the printed matter.
[0032]
Example 2
In line speed 600 meters / minute, a primer coating weight was between 5 g / m 2 (one side), the target rice basis 127.9 g / except that created m 2 of coated paper in the same manner as in Example 1 A2 grade coating Made a paper.
[0033]
Example 3
A2 grade coated paper in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coated speed was 157 g / m 2 with a target coating weight of 157 g / m 2 at a line speed of 500 m / min, the undercoating amount was 7 g / m 2 (single side). It was created.
[0034]
Example 4
A2 grade coated paper was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the jet wire ratio was changed so that the aspect ratio of the tensile breaking elongation of the coated paper was 3 in Example 3.
[0035]
Comparative Examples 1-3
Except that the suction in the drying process was stopped in Examples 1 to 3 to produce coated paper, the target rice tsubo 84.9 g / m 2 (Comparative Example 1), 127.9 g / A coated paper of m 2 (Comparative Example 2) and 157 g / m 2 (Comparative Example 3) was prepared.
[0036]
Comparative Examples 4-6
Except for using the on-machine coater (B) in place of the on-machine coater (A) in Examples 1 to 3, the same as in Examples 1 to 3, the target rice weight 84.9 g / m 2 , 127.9 g / M 2 (Comparative Example 5) A coated paper of 157 g / m 2 (Comparative Example 6) was prepared.
[0037]
Reference Examples 1-3
The evaluation result about the commercially available A2 coated paper manufactured with the off coater was shown as Reference Examples 1-3.
[0038]
[Table 1]
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the results in Table 1, according to the method of the present invention, a blank paper texture, print gloss indicating print quality , print texture, and excellent ink acceptance uniformity, which were difficult to produce by on-machine coater coating, were obtained. This makes it possible to produce a coated paper, and can produce a coated paper with superior surface feel and printability that is superior to coated paper for high-grade printing that has been produced exclusively by off-coaters. Compared to the off-coater method, it is possible to efficiently produce high-quality coated paper with simpler equipment, fewer processes, and less energy consumption, so the present invention also contributes to energy saving in the paper manufacturing industry, which is said to be an energy-intensive industry. High practical value. Also with the coating amount of the undercoat is coated with coater film transfer method in the range of 2 to 10 g / m 2 as dry weight per side, so it was decided to coating an overcoat at fountain nozzle type blade coater The rapid dehydration of the top coating can be alleviated, the surface coating of the base paper is good, and the surface feeling after the top coating is good.
Claims (2)
塗工工程での下塗の塗工量は片面あたり乾燥重量として2〜10g/m2の範囲でフィルムトランスファー方式のコーターにて塗工するとともに、上塗の塗工量は片面あたり乾燥重量として7〜15g/m 2 の範囲でファウンテンノズルタイプのブレードコーターにて塗工し、かつ、オフセット印刷用塗工紙の試験片を調湿条件20℃、65%RHで調湿し、JIS P 8113で規定される方法に準拠し定速伸張型引張試験機によって前記調湿条件雰囲気下で測定したオフセット印刷用塗工紙の引張破断伸びの縦横比が下記になるよう調整することを特徴とするオンマシンコーター方式によるオフセット印刷用塗工紙の製造方法。
1<SCD/SMD≦3
SCD;オフセット印刷用塗工紙の横方向の引張破断伸び、SMD;オフセット印刷用塗工紙の縦方向の引張破断伸びIn the manufacturing method of offset printing coated paper by the on-machine coater method in which the base paper manufacturing process and coating process are performed continuously, the wire part in the base paper manufacturing process is uniformly ground with an on-top former with a counter blade. The base paper is dried by fixing the base paper to the canvas while sucking it with a drying equipment composed only of a single deck dryer,
In the coating process, the coating amount of the undercoat is applied by a film transfer type coater in the range of 2 to 10 g / m 2 as a dry weight per one side, and the coating amount of the top coat is 7 to 7 as a dry weight per side. Coated with a fountain nozzle type blade coater in the range of 15 g / m 2 , and the test piece of offset printing coated paper was conditioned at 20 ° C. and 65% RH, and specified in JIS P 8113 On-machine characterized in that the aspect ratio of the tensile breaking elongation of the coated paper for offset printing measured under a humidity-controlled atmosphere by a constant speed extension type tensile tester is adjusted to A method of manufacturing coated paper for offset printing by the coater method.
1 <S CD / S MD ≦ 3
S CD; transverse tensile elongation at break of the coating paper for offset printing, S MD; longitudinal tensile elongation at break of coated offset printing paper
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