JP4241746B2 - Bacillus subtilis strain and method for producing natto using the same - Google Patents

Bacillus subtilis strain and method for producing natto using the same Download PDF

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JP4241746B2
JP4241746B2 JP2006034368A JP2006034368A JP4241746B2 JP 4241746 B2 JP4241746 B2 JP 4241746B2 JP 2006034368 A JP2006034368 A JP 2006034368A JP 2006034368 A JP2006034368 A JP 2006034368A JP 4241746 B2 JP4241746 B2 JP 4241746B2
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沙織 三星
幹 木内
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Description

この発明は、バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌株およびこれを用いた納豆の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a Bacillus subtilis (natto) strain and a method for producing natto using the same.

納豆は、蒸煮大豆に納豆菌を接種し、醗酵室の中で所定時間発酵、熟成させて製造されるものであり、従来、健康食品として広く食されている。
納豆は、植物性たんぱく質を豊富に含んでいることから、栄養学的には高齢者や幼児に適した食品であるといえるが、ものを噛む力や飲み込む力が弱い者にとっては、豆の硬さが問題となることがある。
近年、本発明者らは、高齢者や幼児に適した食品として軟らかい納豆の研究・開発を進め、中国雲南省で採集したトウシから、軟らかく豆のつぶれ易い納豆を製造し得る納豆菌としてバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP843菌株を分離した(非特許文献1参照)。その後、本発明者らは、同じく中国雲南省で採集したトウシから、同程度に軟らかく豆のつぶれ易い納豆を製造し得る他のバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897菌株(FERM P−20766)を分離した。
(社)日本家政学会第56回大会研究発表要旨集第102頁(講演番号:3−1−9)
Natto is produced by inoculating steamed soybeans with natto bacteria, fermenting and aging for a predetermined time in a fermentation room, and has been widely eaten as a health food.
Natto is rich in plant protein, so it can be said that it is nutritionally suitable for the elderly and infants, but for those who have little ability to chew and swallow, May be a problem.
In recent years, the present inventors have advanced research and development of soft natto as food suitable for the elderly and infants, and from Bacillus collected in Yunnan, China, Bacillus as a natto bacterium that can produce soft and easily crushed natto. A subtilis (natto) KFP843 strain was isolated (see Non-Patent Document 1). Thereafter, the inventors of the present invention also used another Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897 strain ( FERM P-20766 ) that can produce natto with the same degree of softness and easy crushed natto from Toushi collected in Yunnan, China. ).
The Japan Society of Home Economics 56th Annual Meeting Abstracts, page 102 (lecture number: 3-1-9)

一般には、適度なとろみや粘りのある納豆が望ましいとされているが、上記バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌株を用いて製造した納豆は、豆の軟らかさの点では市販の納豆に優っているものの、糸引きの程度がやや弱いという欠点があった。
豆の軟らかさと糸引きの良さとを兼ね備えた納豆は未だ見当たらない。
In general, natto with moderate thickness and stickiness is desirable, but natto produced using the Bacillus subtilis (natto) strain is a commercially available natto in terms of bean tenderness. Although superior, there was a drawback that the degree of stringing was somewhat weak.
No natto has yet been found that combines the softness of beans and the goodness of stringing.

この発明は、上述の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、軟らかく糸引きのよい納豆を製造するためのバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌株とこれを用いた納豆の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a Bacillus subtilis (natto) strain and a method for producing natto using the same for producing soft and stringy natto. For the purpose.

本発明者らは、鋭意検討した結果、軟らかく豆のつぶれ易い納豆を製造し得るバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897菌株をバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌以外の細菌と混合培養することによって、軟らかく糸引きのよい納豆を製造し得るバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌株を得、この新規菌株をKFP897−01(FERM P−20767)と名付けた。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have mixed Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897 strain with bacteria other than Bacillus subtilis (natto), which can produce soft and easily crushed natto. By culturing, a Bacillus subtilis (natto) strain capable of producing a soft and stringy natto was obtained, and this new strain was named KFP897-01 ( FERM P-20767 ).

バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌と混合培養する細菌としては、バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌と同様に好気性であって、平板培地上に生じるコロニーがバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌のコロニーと識別可能な菌が好ましい。このような菌としてはミクロコッカス属の菌が挙げられるが、中でも、ミクロコッカス・ルテウス(Micrococcus luteus)菌が好ましい。   As a bacterium to be mixed and cultured with a Bacillus subtilis (natto) bacterium, as well as a Bacillus subtilis (natto) bacterium, a colony formed on a plate medium is aerobic. Bacteria that can be distinguished from colonies of Bacillus subtilis (natto) are preferred. Examples of such bacteria include bacteria of the genus Micrococcus, and among these, Micrococcus luteus is preferable.

バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897−01菌株は、既知の納豆菌と同様、従来の納豆製造方法において用いることができる。   The Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897-01 strain can be used in a conventional natto production method in the same manner as known natto bacteria.

この発明に係るバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897−01菌株を用いることにより、豆が軟らかいうえに糸引きがよく、咀嚼力や嚥下力の弱い高齢者や幼児用の食品として好適な納豆を製造することができる。   By using the Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897-01 strain according to the present invention, the beans are soft and have good stringiness, and are suitable as food for elderly people and infants with low chewing ability and swallowing ability. Natto can be manufactured.

バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897−01菌株(以下、「KFP897−01菌株」という。)は、バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897菌株(以下、「KFP897菌株」という。)と、味噌から分離したミクロコッカス・ルテウス(Micrococcus luteus)IAM1056菌株(以下、「IAM1056菌株」という。)とを、以下のように混合培養することにより得られた。   The Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897-01 strain (hereinafter referred to as “KFP897-01 strain”) is a Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897 strain (hereinafter referred to as “KFP897 strain”). And Micrococcus luteus IAM1056 strain (hereinafter referred to as “IAM1056 strain”) isolated from miso was obtained by mixed culture as follows.

(前培養)
KFP897菌株を滅菌したニュートリエントブロス(Nutrient broth,Difco社)液体培地100mlに接種して39℃で振蘯培養し、一方、IAM1056菌株をニュートリエントブロス(Nutrient broth,Difco社)液体培地100mlに接種して37℃で振蘯培養し、それぞれの菌が対数増殖期に至るまで振蘯培養した。
(Pre-culture)
Inoculate 100 ml of sterile nutrient broth (Nutrient broth, Difco) liquid medium with KFP897 strain and shake culture at 39 ° C, while inoculate 100 ml of Nutrient broth (Difco) liquid medium with IAM1056 strain Then, shaking culture was performed at 37 ° C., and shaking culture was performed until the respective bacteria reached the logarithmic growth phase.

(本培養)
細胞数が1:100となるように、前培養したKFP897菌株の培養液0.1mlとIAM1056菌株の培養液10.0mlとをニュートリエントブロス(Nutrient broth,Difco社)液体培地100mlに混合接種し、39℃で21時間振蘯培養した。
(Main culture)
To the cell count of 1: 100, 0.1 ml of the precultured KFP897 strain and 10.0 ml of the IAM1056 strain were mixed and inoculated into 100 ml of Nutrient broth (Difco) liquid medium. The culture was shaken at 39 ° C. for 21 hours.

(観察・選抜)
両菌の混合培養液の一部をニュートリエントアガー(Nutrient agar,Difco社)平板培地に塗抹し、37℃で静置培養した。
上記ニュートリエントアガー(Nutrient agar,Difco社)平板培地上には、黄白色のIAM1056菌株のコロニーと、乾燥していて光沢がなく、白金耳で触れても糸を引かないKFP897菌株のコロニーの他に、表面が湿った様子で、白金耳で触れると糸を引く第3のコロニーが生じた。この第3のコロニーのうち10個のコロニーを選抜し、それぞれをIAM1056菌株と前述の方法で再度混合培養した後、ニュートリエントアガー(Nutrient agar,Difco社)平板培地に塗抹したところ、そのうちの1つの平板培地上に、納豆菌特有の皺があって光沢のあるコロニーを見出だした。このコロニーから釣菌し、ニュートリエントアガー(Nutrient agar,Difco社)平板培地での塗抹培養を3回繰り返して純粋分離し、KFP897−01菌株を得た。
(Observation / Selection)
A part of the mixed culture solution of both bacteria was smeared on a Nutrient agar (Difco) plate medium, and statically cultured at 37 ° C.
On the above-mentioned Nutrient agar (Difco) plate medium, there are a yellowish-white colony of IAM1056 strain and a colony of KFP897 strain that is dry and dull and does not pull the string even when touched with platinum ears. In addition, when the surface was wet, when touched with a platinum ear, a third colony was formed that pulled the thread. Ten of these third colonies were selected, and each of them was mixed and cultured again with the IAM1056 strain in the manner described above, and then smeared on a Nutrient agar (Difco) plate medium. On one plate medium, a lustrous colony was found with a cocoon peculiar to Bacillus natto. The colony was picked from this colony, and smear culture on a Nutrient agar (Difco) plate medium was repeated three times to perform pure isolation to obtain KFP897-01 strain.

Bergey‘s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology第2巻に準拠し、KFP897およびKFP897−01各菌株の同定を行った。両株は、バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)に属する菌(図1参照)、より詳しくは、蒸煮大豆に生やすと糸引納豆を製造することができるバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))菌、すなわち納豆菌であった。
KFP897菌株の特徴は、それを用いて製造した糸引納豆が、市販納豆に比べて臭いは弱く、豆が非常に軟らかいが、撹拌しても糸引きが弱く、食感に粘りがない、という点であった。一方、KFP897−01菌株の特徴は、それを用いて製造した糸引納豆が、糸引きと臭いはKFP897菌株を用いて製造した納豆よりも市販納豆に近く、豆の硬さは市販納豆よりも軟らかい、という点であった。
According to Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology Vol. 2, each strain of KFP897 and KFP897-01 was identified. Both strains are bacteria belonging to Bacillus subtilis (see FIG. 1), more specifically, Bacillus subtilis (natto) bacteria that can produce Itobiki natto when grown on steamed soybeans, It was Bacillus natto.
The characteristic of KFP897 strain is that it is weaker than natto, and the bean is very soft compared to commercial natto, but the stringing is weak even when stirred and the texture is not sticky. Met. On the other hand, the characteristics of KFP897-01 strain are that the yarn drawing natto produced using it is closer to commercial natto than the natto produced using the KFP897 strain, and the hardness of the beans is softer than commercial natto. That was the point.

(納豆の製造)
KFP897およびKFP897−01各菌株をNBP寒天斜面培地(塩化ナトリウム0.5%,ビーフエクストラクト1%,ファイトンペプトン1%,寒天2%)上で最適生育温度39℃にて培養し、接種菌数10個/gの割合で供試大豆に接種した。供試大豆には、米国産極小粒大豆マーブルを使用した。納豆の製造には、鈴与工業(株)製の自動納豆製造装置を用いた。酸素濃度の測定には(株)センス製のガルバニタイプの酸素電極を用い、品温の測定には安立計器(株)製の温度センサーを用いた。
(Manufacture of natto)
KFP897 and KFP897-01 strains were cultured on an NBP agar slope medium (sodium chloride 0.5%, beef extract 1%, phyton peptone 1%, agar 2%) at an optimum growth temperature of 39 ° C. The test soybeans were inoculated at a rate of several 10 3 pieces / g. As the test soybean, a US very small soybean marble was used. For the production of natto, an automatic natto production apparatus manufactured by Suzuyo Industry Co., Ltd. was used. A galvanic type oxygen electrode manufactured by Sense Co., Ltd. was used for measuring the oxygen concentration, and a temperature sensor manufactured by Anritsu Keiki Co., Ltd. was used for measuring the product temperature.

自動納豆製造装置の庫内温度は、発酵0〜8時間目が39℃、10〜13時間目が44℃、15〜20時間目が39℃、その後24時間目に5℃に下がるように設定した。
KFP897菌株を接種した納豆(以下、KFP897納豆という。)の品温は、8時間目以降から庫内温度とともに上昇し、13時間目には48℃に達した。その後、品温は徐々に下がり、15時間目には44℃になった。以後20時間目までは42〜44℃であった。24時間目には約10℃であった。KFP897−01菌株を接種した納豆(以下、KFP897−01納豆という。)の品温もこれと同様の傾向であった。
KFP897納豆では、8時間目から酸素濃度が減少し始め、11時間目には5%に達し、20時間目まで持続した。これは、その間、発酵が進んでいたことを示している。これに対して、KFP897−01納豆では、6時間目から酸素濃度が減少し始め、11時間目に5%に達した。
The temperature in the automatic natto production equipment is set to 39 ° C for fermentation 0-8 hours, 44 ° C for 10-13 hours, 39 ° C for 15-20 hours, and then to 5 ° C for 24 hours. did.
The product temperature of natto inoculated with the KFP897 strain (hereinafter referred to as KFP897 natto) increased with the inside temperature from the 8th hour and reached 48 ° C. at the 13th hour. Thereafter, the product temperature gradually decreased to 44 ° C. at 15 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was 42 to 44 ° C. until the 20th hour. It was about 10 ° C. at 24 hours. The product temperature of natto inoculated with the KFP897-01 strain (hereinafter referred to as KFP897-01 natto) had the same tendency.
In KFP897 natto, the oxygen concentration began to decrease from the 8th hour, reached 5% at the 11th hour, and continued until the 20th hour. This indicates that the fermentation was progressing during that time. In contrast, in KFP897-01 natto, the oxygen concentration began to decrease from the 6th hour and reached 5% at the 11th hour.

(納豆の分析)
得られた納豆と市販納豆について、1990年光琳(株)発行の「納豆試験法」に記載の納豆試験法に準拠し、分析および官能検査を行った。
(Analysis of natto)
The obtained natto and commercial natto were subjected to analysis and sensory test in accordance with the natto test method described in “Natto test method” issued by Korin Co., Ltd. in 1990.

各納豆についての一般分析値を表1に示す。   Table 1 shows the general analysis values for each natto.

Figure 0004241746
Figure 0004241746

各納豆の主要な臭い成分のガスクロマトグラフィーによる分析結果を表2に示す。試料として各納豆20gを用い、それぞれのヘッドスペースガスを捕集した。カラムは、J&W社のDB−WAX(0.53mm×60m×1.0μm)を使用した。

Figure 0004241746
Table 2 shows the results of gas chromatography analysis of the main odorous components of each natto. 20 g of each natto was used as a sample, and each headspace gas was collected. The column used was DB-WAX (0.53 mm × 60 m × 1.0 μm) manufactured by J & W.
Figure 0004241746

市販納豆の豆の硬さが180〜436g(平均339g)であるのに対して、KFP897納豆の豆の硬さは57〜292g(平均145g)、KFP897−01納豆の豆の硬さは115〜398g(平均252g)であった(図2参照)。   While the hardness of beans in commercial natto is 180-436 g (average 339 g), the hardness of beans in KFP897 natto is 57-292 g (average 145 g), and the hardness of beans in KFP897-01 natto is 115- It was 398 g (average 252 g) (see FIG. 2).

KFP897−01納豆の相対粘度は、KFP897納豆の約5.2倍の値であった。KFP897−01納豆のγ−GTP活性は、KFP897納豆のそれより高く、市販納豆と同程度であった。これらの結果から、KFP897−01菌株が、粘質物を産生する株であり、糸引きのよい納豆の製造を可能にする株であることが確かめられた(図3〜5を参照)。   The relative viscosity of KFP897-01 natto was about 5.2 times that of KFP897 natto. The γ-GTP activity of KFP897-01 natto was higher than that of KFP897 natto and was comparable to that of commercially available natto. From these results, it was confirmed that the KFP897-01 strain is a strain that produces a sticky substance and enables the production of natto with good stringing (see FIGS. 3 to 5).

図6は、官能検査の結果を示す。官能検査は、n=18で行った。糸引き、臭い、総合評価、好き・嫌いの各評価項目について、市販納豆の評価を4とし、KFP897納豆およびKFP897−01納豆を1〜7の7段階で評価した。官能検査の統計処理には、エス・ピー・エス・エス(株)製のSPSS Base12.0Jを使用した。
KFP897−01納豆は、市販納豆と比べると糸引きがやや弱いものの、KFP897納豆よりも有意(p<0.05)に糸引きの改善がみられた。総合評価でも、KFP897−01納豆の方がKFP897納豆よりも有意(p<0.05)に優れていた。
FIG. 6 shows the results of the sensory test. The sensory test was performed at n = 18. For each evaluation item of stringing, odor, comprehensive evaluation, and likes / dislikes, the evaluation of commercial natto was set to 4, and KFP897 natto and KFP897-01 natto were evaluated in 7 stages. SPSS Base 12.0J manufactured by SPS Co., Ltd. was used for statistical processing of the sensory test.
Although KFP897-01 natto was slightly weaker than commercial natto, it showed a significant improvement (p <0.05) in stringing compared to KFP897 natto. In the overall evaluation, KFP897-01 natto was significantly superior (p <0.05) to KFP897 natto.

図7は、東京都千代田区内にある3ヶ所の高齢者利用施設において延べ215名(男性39名、女性175名)を対象にして行ったKFP897−01納豆の試食調査の結果を示す。ここで、「普通」とは、市販納豆と同等であることを表す。KFP897−01納豆は、一般に食されている市販納豆に比べて、軟らかく糸引きがよいという評価が得られた。   FIG. 7 shows the results of a KFP897-01 natto tasting survey conducted for a total of 215 people (39 men and 175 women) at three elderly use facilities in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. Here, “ordinary” means being equivalent to commercially available natto. KFP897-01 natto was evaluated to be softer and better in stringing than commercially available natto.

本発明によれば、咀嚼困難者および嚥下困難者用とするのに適した軟らかく糸引きのよい納豆を得ることができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a soft and stringing natto suitable for use for persons with difficulty in chewing and those with difficulty in swallowing.

尚、本発明において寄託した微生物は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センターにて、平成18年1月17日に受領され、受領番号は前記のとおり「FERM P−20767」である。 The microorganisms deposited in the present invention were received on January 17, 2006 at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and the receipt number is “ FERM P-20767 ” as described above. .

図1は、KFP897菌株およびKFP897−01菌株の性質を示す図。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the properties of KFP897 strain and KFP897-01 strain. 図2は、納豆の豆の硬さの測定結果を示す図。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing measurement results of the hardness of natto beans. 図3は、納豆の相対粘度およびγ−GTP活性の測定結果を示す図。FIG. 3 is a graph showing measurement results of relative viscosity and γ-GTP activity of natto. 図4は、KFP897納豆の写真。FIG. 4 is a photograph of KFP897 natto. 図5は、KFP897−01納豆の写真。FIG. 5 is a photograph of KFP897-01 Natto. 図6は、納豆の官能検査の結果を示す図。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of a sensory test for natto. 図7は、KFP897−01納豆の試食調査の結果を示す図。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of a KFP897-01 natto tasting survey.

Claims (2)

バチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897−01菌株(FERM P−20767)。 Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897-01 strain ( FERM P-20767 ). 請求項1に記載のバチルス・ズブチリス(Bacillus subtilis(natto))KFP897−01菌株(FERM P−20767)を用いることを特徴とする納豆の製造方法。 A method for producing natto, characterized in that the Bacillus subtilis (natto) KFP897-01 strain ( FERM P-20767 ) according to claim 1 is used.
JP2006034368A 2006-02-10 2006-02-10 Bacillus subtilis strain and method for producing natto using the same Expired - Fee Related JP4241746B2 (en)

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