JP4230283B2 - Method for producing monoglyceride-containing composition - Google Patents

Method for producing monoglyceride-containing composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4230283B2
JP4230283B2 JP2003162065A JP2003162065A JP4230283B2 JP 4230283 B2 JP4230283 B2 JP 4230283B2 JP 2003162065 A JP2003162065 A JP 2003162065A JP 2003162065 A JP2003162065 A JP 2003162065A JP 4230283 B2 JP4230283 B2 JP 4230283B2
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Prior art keywords
glycerin
monoglyceride
reaction
content
manufacturing
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JP2004359884A (en
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広樹 沢田
二郎 橋本
晴也 美納
利次 前田
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Priority to JP2003162065A priority Critical patent/JP4230283B2/en
Application filed by Kao Corp filed Critical Kao Corp
Priority to EP04736001A priority patent/EP1659167B1/en
Priority to US10/558,156 priority patent/US7767838B2/en
Priority to CN2007101383909A priority patent/CN101092589B/en
Priority to DE602004026885T priority patent/DE602004026885D1/en
Priority to CNB2004800142914A priority patent/CN100381546C/en
Priority to PCT/JP2004/008081 priority patent/WO2004108872A1/en
Priority to ES04736001T priority patent/ES2342604T3/en
Publication of JP2004359884A publication Critical patent/JP2004359884A/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、モノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
化粧品、食品、工業用の乳化剤あるいは潤滑油の油性剤等として広く使用されているモノグリセライドは、グリセリンと脂肪酸とのエステル化反応、あるいはグリセリンと油脂とのエステル交換反応により製造される。これらの反応は、無触媒又は触媒存在下で行われるが、一般に、グリセリン、モノグリセライド、ジグリセライド及びトリグリセライドの混合物が生じる。反応系は、通常、不均一系で、生成するモノグリセライド量は、脂肪酸相あるいは生成エステル相へのグリセリンの溶解度に影響されるため、単純に仕込みのグリセリン量を増やしてもモノグリセライド含量を上げることはできない。このため、より性能の高い、すなわち、高純度のモノグリセライドを得たい場合には、分子蒸留による精製が行われる。
【0003】
特許文献1及び特許文献2には、5〜15%の含水グリセリンを用いて、無触媒で油脂とのエステル交換反応を促進させる方法が開示されているが、水分量を保持するために系が加圧系になることの他、未反応の脂肪酸がかなりの量残存するという問題がある。
【0004】
また、特許文献3には、Na等のアルカリ石鹸を触媒としたエステル交換反応によってグリセリンと油脂からモノグリセライドを製造する方法が開示されているが、反応後、未反応のグリセリンを蒸留で除く場合、逆反応によってモノグリセライド含量の低下が起こるのを押さえるために予め高温でアルカリ分を中和しなければならないということの他、濾過によっても分離できない中和塩が生成物中に残存するという問題がある。
【0005】
そして、特許文献4には、グリセリン又はエチレングリコールと、脂肪酸又はグリセリンポリエステルを、鉄をはじめとする特定の遷移金属触媒の存在下に高温で反応させ、モノグリセライドを製造する方法が開示されているが、触媒の中和は必要でないものの、使用量が金属として80〜1700ppmであることから、そのままでは不溶分が多くて使用し難く、また、グリセリンを蒸留で除く際にも逆反応によるモノグリセライド含量の低下が促進されることから、予め、冷却後、ろ過又はデカンテーションで触媒を分離しておかなければならないという問題がある。しかも、ろ過ではグリセリンが残存した状態では、ろ過速度が遅く、デカンテーションでは収率が悪いという問題がある。また、蒸留によって未反応グリセリンを除く場合には、再び加熱しなければならないという工程的にも好ましくない点がある。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
米国特許第2474740号明細書
【特許文献2】
米国特許第2478354号明細書
【特許文献3】
米国特許第2206167号明細書
【特許文献4】
米国特許第2628967号明細書
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、分子蒸留器等の高価な濃縮装置や、特殊な高速回転撹拌剪断機を用いずに、グリセリンと、脂肪酸又はグリセリンエステルとから、モノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物を製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、グリセリンと、脂肪酸及びグリセリンエステルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のアシル基を有する化合物とを反応させてモノグリセライド含有組成物を製造する方法であって、鉄、コバルト及びマンガンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含む触媒を、金属として0.1〜60ppm(グリセリンとアシル基を有する化合物の総重量に対する重量比、以下同様)用いて反応を行う、モノグリセライド含有組成物の製造方法を提供する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いられるグリセリンとしては、特に限定されないが、純度95重量%以上のものが好ましい。
【0010】
本発明に用いられる、脂肪酸及びグリセリンエステルから選ばれるアシル基を有する化合物は、分岐鎖、直鎖、飽和、不飽和のいずれのアシル基を有するものでもよいが、本発明の効果がより明確になる観点から、アシル基の炭素数は12〜30が好ましく、14〜22がより好ましい。
【0011】
本発明に用いられる脂肪酸の具体例としては、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、オレイン酸、エライジン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸等の単品脂肪酸、あるいは大豆油脂肪酸、なたね油脂肪酸、トール油脂肪酸等の混合脂肪酸が挙げられる。モノグリセライド含有組成物の取り扱い性に関わる低温流動性の観点から、ヨウ素価が80以上のものが好ましく、130以上のものがより好ましい。具体的は、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、大豆油脂肪酸、なたね油脂肪酸、トール油脂肪酸が好ましい。
【0012】
本発明に用いられるグリセリンエステルとしては、上記脂肪酸とグリセリンを構成成分とするトリエステル、ジエステル及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。また、モノエステルが含まれていても構わない。
【0013】
本発明において、グリセリンとアシル基を有する化合物との反応割合は、モノグリセライド含量の高いモノグリセライド含有組成物を得、また1バッチ当たりの生産性を上げる観点から、アシル基を有する化合物のアシル基1モルに対し、グリセリン1モル以上が好ましく、1〜3モルが更に好ましく、1.5〜3モルが特に好ましい。
【0014】
本発明に用いられる鉄、コバルト及びマンガンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含む触媒としては、鉄、コバルト又はマンガンから選ばれる金属単体、又はその化合物が挙げられる。具体的には、鉄を含む触媒としては、還元鉄単体、三二酸化鉄(Fe23)、四三酸化鉄(Fe34)、水酸化鉄(FeOOH)等の酸化物及び水酸化物、酢酸鉄、プロピオン酸鉄、ステアリン酸鉄、オレイン酸鉄等の金属石鹸、塩化鉄(II)、塩化鉄(III)等の塩化物等を挙げることができる。コバルトを含む触媒としては、コバルト単体、一酸化コバルト(CoO)、四三酸化コバルト(Co34)、炭酸コバルト、ステアリン酸コバルト、塩化コバルト(II)等を挙げることができる。マンガンを含む触媒としては、マンガン単体、二酸化マンガン、四三酸化マンガン、ステアリン酸マンガン等を挙げることができる。触媒活性、取り扱い性、入手性の点から鉄を含む触媒が好ましく、特に水酸化鉄が好ましい。触媒の使用量は、反応時間の短縮、濾過負担の軽減等の観点から、金属として0.1〜60ppmであり、0.5〜10ppmが好ましく、0.5〜5ppmがさらに好ましい。
【0015】
本発明においては、モノグリセライド含量を高め、また遊離の脂肪酸量を低減させる観点から、グリセリンと脂肪酸との反応で脂肪酸基準の反応率(下記式(I)で表される)が90%以上に達して、エステル化反応に比べエステル交換反応が支配的になった後、あるいはグリセリンとグリセリンエステルとのエステル交換反応の際に、反応系内の水分量を、500〜5000ppm、更に600〜3000ppmに保持するように制御する工程を有することが好ましい。水分量の制御は、水分計を使用して反応液の水分量を経時的に測定しながら、反応槽への窒素等の不活性ガスの導入量を調整する方法で行うことができる。
【0016】
【数1】

Figure 0004230283
【0017】
グリセリンとアシル基を有する化合物との反応の温度は、油層へのグリセリンの溶解度を向上させると共に、エステル化反応及びエステル交換反応速度を向上させる観点から180℃以上が好ましく、副生成物であるジグリセリンの生成を抑制する観点から270℃以下が好ましい。具体的には180〜270℃が好ましく、さらに好ましくは200〜260℃、最も好ましくは240〜255℃である。反応時間は、高温での長時間の加熱は、グリセリンの縮合物であるジグリセリンの副生量が増えるので、温度との兼ね合いがあるものの、250℃以上では、12時間以下が好ましく、7時間以下がさらに好ましく、5時間以下が最も好ましい。
【0018】
本発明の方法で得られるモノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物は、そのまま使用することもできるが、グリセリン及び金属を含む触媒を除去しても良い。グリセリン及び金属を含む触媒を除去する場合には、生産性の観点から、金属を含む触媒の存在下でグリセリンを留去することが好ましい。即ち、グリセリンの留去前に金属を含む触媒を濾過しようとすると、濾材の耐熱性及び触媒の除去性の問題から、一旦100℃以下に冷却し触媒を濾過後、再び高温にしてグリセリンを留去しなければならないという工程上の煩雑さがあるが、本発明においてはこの煩雑さを回避できる。また、グリセリンを留去してから金属を含む触媒を濾過する方法には、濾過時に粘度の高いグリセリンが存在しないことから濾過速度が速まるという利点もある。具体的には、反応後、減圧でグリセリンを留去し、必要に応じてさらに減圧で水蒸気を供給してグリセリンを留去した後、濾過により金属を含む触媒を除去する。グリセリンの留去は、バッチ式で、又は薄膜式蒸留器を用いて連続式で行うことができる。バッチ式でグリセリンを留去する場合、温度は好ましくは200℃以下、更に好ましくは180℃以下、圧力は好ましくは53kPa以下、更に好ましくは2.7kPa以下の条件が用いられる。濾過は、所謂ゼーター電位による吸着作用を有するゼーター電位フィルターを用いて簡便に行うことができる。
【0019】
本発明におけるモノグリセライド含量とは、GPC分析(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)により、下式(II)に従って求めたものをいい、モノグリセライド、ジグリセライド及びトリグリセライドの合計に対するモノグリセライドのGPC分析における面積割合を意味する。
【0020】
【数2】
Figure 0004230283
【0021】
〔MG:GPCのモノグリセライド面積
DG:GPCのジグリセライド面積
TG:GPCのトリグリセライド面積〕
本発明の方法により、モノグリセライド含量が55面積%以上という高含量のモノグリセライド含有組成物が得られる。生産性の観点から、モノグリセライド含量が75面積%までの高含量化ができる。具体的には、55〜75面積%、更に60〜75面積%のモノグリセライド含量の組成物を製造することができる。
【0022】
【実施例】
モノグリセライド含量はGPC分析により求めた。カラムとして東ソー(株)製のTSKgelG2000HXL及びTSKgelG1000HXLを直列に連結し、検出器としてRI(示差屈折率計)を、溶離液としてTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)を使用した。
【0023】
また、グリセリン及びジグリセリンの含量はGC分析(ガスクロマトグラフィー)により定量し、鉄含量はICP分析(誘起結合プラズマ発光分析)により定量した。
【0024】
実施例1
攪拌機、脱水管−冷却管、温度計、窒素導入管付きの2L四ツ口フラスコに、グリセリン480g、トール油脂肪酸750gを入れ[グリセリン/脂肪酸(モル比)=2.0]、少量の水に懸濁させた水酸化鉄を鉄として2ppm添加し、窒素を液上空間部に100mL/分流しながら400r/minで撹拌下、約1.5時間かけて250℃まで昇温した。250℃に達した後、その温度で4時間反応させた。酸価、水分量、及びモノグリセライド含量を経時的に分析した結果、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は700〜1900ppmで推移した。反応後の生成物中のモノグリセライド含量は67面積%であった。
【0025】
続いて、反応混合物を減圧下で還流させることにより170℃まで冷却し、そのままグリセリンを、圧力2.7kPa以下で減圧留去し、さらに150℃、2kPaで2時間水蒸気を供給した後、ゼータプラス30S(キュノ(株)製)を用いて加圧で吸着濾過して、モノグリセライド含有組成物を得た。組成物中のモノグリセライド含量は64面積%、酸価は0.2mgKOH/g、グリセリン含量は0.3重量%、ジグリセリン含量は0.3重量%、鉄含量は0.1ppm以下であった。
【0026】
実施例2
水酸化鉄をステアリン酸鉄に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして反応を行い、同様にグリセリンを除いて吸着濾過を行った。反応後の生成物中のモノグリセライド含量は65面積%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は600〜1300ppmで推移した。また、吸着濾過後の組成物中のモノグリセライド含量は62面積%、酸価は0.2mgKOH/g、グリセリン含量は0.4重量%、ジグリセリン含量は0.4重量%、鉄含量は0.1ppm以下であった。
【0027】
実施例3
窒素を液中に100mL/分吹き込み、反応を6時間行う以外は実施例1と同様にして反応を行い、同様にグリセリンを除いて吸着濾過を行った。反応後の生成物中のモノグリセライド含量は63面積%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は300〜400ppmで推移した。また、吸着濾過後の組成物中のモノグリセライド含量は61面積%、酸価は0.3mgKOH/g、グリセリン含量は0.4重量%、ジグリセリン含量は0.5重量%、鉄含量は0.1ppm以下であった。
【0028】
実施例4
水酸化鉄を塩化鉄(II)四水和物に、添加量を鉄として10ppmに変える以外は実施例1と同様にして反応を行い、同様にグリセリンを除いて吸着濾過を行った。反応後の生成物中のモノグリセライド含量は66面積%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は600〜1500ppmに推移した。また、吸着濾過後の組成物中のモノグリセライド含量は63面積%、酸価は0.2mgKOH/g、グリセリン含量は0.5重量%、ジグリセリン含量は0.3重量%、鉄含量は0.1ppm以下であった。
【0029】
実施例5
トール油脂肪酸を大豆油に変え、仕込み量を大豆油のアシル基1モルに対し、グリセリン2モルになるよう変更し、水酸化鉄の添加量を鉄として10ppmに、反応時間を10時間に変える以外は実施例1と同様にして反応を行い、同様にグリセリンを除いて吸着濾過を行った。反応後の生成物中のモノグリセライド含量は64面積%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は600〜1400ppmで推移した。また、吸着濾過後の組成物中のモノグリセライド含量は61面積%、酸価は0.4mgKOH/g、グリセリン含量は0.4重量%、ジグリセリン含量は0.9重量%、鉄含量は0.1ppm以下であった。
【0030】
比較例1
水酸化鉄を添加せずに実施例3と同様にして反応を行い、同様にグリセリンを除いて吸着濾過を行った。反応後の生成物中のモノグリセライド含量は54面積%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は300〜400ppmで推移した。また、吸着濾過後の組成物中のモノグリセライド含量は51面積%、酸価は0.3mgKOH/g、グリセリン含量は0.4重量%、ジグリセリン含量は0.7重量%であった。
【0031】
比較例2
水酸化鉄を水酸化ナトリウムに変え、ナトリウムとして10ppm添加する以外は実施例3と同様にして反応を行い、中和せずにグリセリンを減圧蒸留で除去した。反応後の生成物中のモノグリセライド含量は62面積%、脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上での水分量は300〜400ppmで推移した。また、グリセリン蒸留後の組成物中のモノグリセライド含量は48面積%、グリセリン含量は3.1重量%、ジグリセリン含量は0.7重量%であった。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法により、分子蒸留器等の高価な濃縮装置や、特殊な高速回転撹拌剪断機を用いずに、グリセリンと、脂肪酸又はグリセリンエステルとから、モノグリセライド含量が高いモノグリセライド含有組成物を容易に得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Monoglycerides widely used as cosmetics, foods, industrial emulsifiers or lubricating oils are produced by esterification reaction of glycerin and fatty acid or transesterification reaction of glycerin and fat. These reactions are carried out without a catalyst or in the presence of a catalyst, but generally a mixture of glycerin, monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride is produced. The reaction system is usually a heterogeneous system, and the amount of monoglyceride produced is affected by the solubility of glycerin in the fatty acid phase or the produced ester phase, so it is not possible to increase the monoglyceride content simply by increasing the amount of glycerin charged. Can not. For this reason, when it is desired to obtain a monoglyceride having higher performance, that is, high purity, purification by molecular distillation is performed.
[0003]
Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose a method of accelerating the transesterification reaction with fats and oils using 5 to 15% hydrous glycerin without using a catalyst. In addition to being a pressurized system, there is a problem that a considerable amount of unreacted fatty acid remains.
[0004]
Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing monoglyceride from glycerin and fats and oils by transesterification using an alkali soap such as Na as a catalyst, but after the reaction, when unreacted glycerin is removed by distillation, In order to prevent the monoglyceride content from decreasing due to the reverse reaction, the alkali content must be neutralized at a high temperature in advance, and there is a problem that neutralized salts that cannot be separated by filtration remain in the product. .
[0005]
Patent Document 4 discloses a method for producing monoglyceride by reacting glycerin or ethylene glycol with a fatty acid or glycerin polyester in the presence of a specific transition metal catalyst such as iron at a high temperature. Although neutralization of the catalyst is not necessary, since the amount used is 80 to 1700 ppm as a metal, it is difficult to use as it is because there are many insolubles, and when the glycerin is removed by distillation, the monoglyceride content by reverse reaction is also present. Since the reduction is promoted, there is a problem that after cooling, the catalyst must be separated by filtration or decantation in advance. Moreover, there is a problem that the filtration rate is slow when glycerin remains in filtration, and the yield is poor in decantation. Moreover, when removing unreacted glycerol by distillation, there exists a point which is unpreferable also in the process of having to heat again.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
US Pat. No. 2,474,740 [Patent Document 2]
US Pat. No. 2,478,354 [Patent Document 3]
US Patent No. 2206167 [Patent Document 4]
US Pat. No. 2,628,967
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to produce a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content from glycerin and a fatty acid or glycerin ester without using an expensive concentrator such as a molecular distiller or a special high-speed rotary stirring shear machine. It is to provide a method.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a method for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition by reacting glycerin with a compound having at least one acyl group selected from fatty acids and glycerin esters, wherein at least one selected from iron, cobalt and manganese Provided is a method for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition, in which a reaction is carried out using a catalyst containing a seed metal as a metal in an amount of 0.1 to 60 ppm (weight ratio with respect to the total weight of the compound having glycerin and acyl group, hereinafter the same).
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The glycerin used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably has a purity of 95% by weight or more.
[0010]
The compound having an acyl group selected from fatty acids and glycerin esters used in the present invention may have any of a branched chain, straight chain, saturated or unsaturated acyl group, but the effect of the present invention is more clearly understood. From this viewpoint, the acyl group preferably has 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably 14 to 22 carbon atoms.
[0011]
Specific examples of fatty acids used in the present invention include single fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, soybean oil fatty acid, rapeseed oil fatty acid, tall oil Examples include mixed fatty acids such as fatty acids. From the viewpoint of low-temperature fluidity related to the handleability of the monoglyceride-containing composition, those having an iodine value of 80 or more are preferred, and those having 130 or more are more preferred. Specifically, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, soybean oil fatty acid, rapeseed oil fatty acid, and tall oil fatty acid are preferred.
[0012]
Examples of the glycerin ester used in the present invention include triesters, diesters and mixtures thereof containing the fatty acid and glycerin as constituent components. Moreover, monoester may be contained.
[0013]
In the present invention, the reaction ratio between glycerin and the compound having an acyl group is such that a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content is obtained, and from the viewpoint of increasing the productivity per batch, the acyl group of the compound having an acyl group is 1 mol. On the other hand, 1 mol or more of glycerol is preferable, 1-3 mol is still more preferable, and 1.5-3 mol is especially preferable.
[0014]
Examples of the catalyst containing at least one metal selected from iron, cobalt and manganese used in the present invention include a simple metal selected from iron, cobalt and manganese, or a compound thereof. Specifically, as the catalyst containing iron, reduced iron alone, iron sesquioxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), iron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), iron hydroxide (FeOOH), and other oxides and hydroxide And metal soaps such as iron acetate, iron propionate, iron stearate and iron oleate, and chlorides such as iron (II) chloride and iron (III) chloride. Examples of the catalyst containing cobalt include cobalt alone, cobalt monoxide (CoO), cobalt tetroxide (Co 3 O 4 ), cobalt carbonate, cobalt stearate, and cobalt (II) chloride. Examples of the catalyst containing manganese include manganese alone, manganese dioxide, manganese trioxide, and manganese stearate. From the viewpoint of catalytic activity, handleability, and availability, a catalyst containing iron is preferable, and iron hydroxide is particularly preferable. The amount of the catalyst used is 0.1 to 60 ppm, preferably 0.5 to 10 ppm, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 ppm as a metal from the viewpoint of shortening the reaction time and reducing the filtration burden.
[0015]
In the present invention, from the viewpoint of increasing the monoglyceride content and reducing the amount of free fatty acids, the reaction rate of the fatty acid standard (represented by the following formula (I)) reaches 90% or more in the reaction between glycerin and the fatty acid. Thus, after the transesterification reaction becomes dominant as compared with the esterification reaction, or during the transesterification reaction between glycerin and glycerin ester, the water content in the reaction system is maintained at 500 to 5000 ppm, and further 600 to 3000 ppm. It is preferable to have a step of controlling so as to. The moisture content can be controlled by adjusting the amount of inert gas such as nitrogen introduced into the reaction vessel while measuring the moisture content of the reaction solution over time using a moisture meter.
[0016]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004230283
[0017]
The temperature of the reaction between the glycerin and the compound having an acyl group is preferably 180 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of glycerin in the oil layer and improving the esterification reaction and transesterification reaction rate. From the viewpoint of suppressing the production of glycerin, 270 ° C. or lower is preferable. Specifically, 180-270 degreeC is preferable, More preferably, it is 200-260 degreeC, Most preferably, it is 240-255 degreeC. As for the reaction time, heating at a high temperature for a long time increases the by-product amount of diglycerin, which is a glycerin condensate. The following is more preferable, and 5 hours or less is most preferable.
[0018]
The monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content obtained by the method of the present invention can be used as it is, but the catalyst containing glycerin and metal may be removed. When removing the catalyst containing glycerin and metal, it is preferable to distill glycerin in the presence of the catalyst containing metal from the viewpoint of productivity. That is, if it is attempted to filter the catalyst containing metal before distilling off glycerin, due to the heat resistance of the filter medium and the catalyst removal property, the catalyst is once cooled to 100 ° C. Although there is a complexity in the process of having to leave, this complexity can be avoided in the present invention. Further, the method of filtering the metal-containing catalyst after distilling off glycerin has an advantage that the filtration rate is increased because glycerin having a high viscosity does not exist during filtration. Specifically, after the reaction, glycerin is distilled off under reduced pressure, and if necessary, water vapor is further supplied under reduced pressure to distill off glycerin, and then the catalyst containing metal is removed by filtration. Distillation of glycerin can be performed batchwise or continuously using a thin film distiller. When glycerin is distilled off in a batch system, the temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 180 ° C. or lower, and the pressure is preferably 53 kPa or lower, more preferably 2.7 kPa or lower. Filtration can be easily performed using a zeta potential filter having an adsorption action by a so-called zeta potential.
[0019]
The monoglyceride content in the present invention refers to that obtained by GPC analysis (gel permeation chromatography) according to the following formula (II), and means the area ratio of monoglyceride in GPC analysis to the total of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride.
[0020]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0004230283
[0021]
[MG: GPC monoglyceride area DG: GPC diglyceride area TG: GPC triglyceride area]
By the method of the present invention, a high monoglyceride-containing composition having a monoglyceride content of 55 area% or more can be obtained. From the viewpoint of productivity, the monoglyceride content can be increased to 75% by area. Specifically, a composition having a monoglyceride content of 55 to 75 area%, and further 60 to 75 area% can be produced.
[0022]
【Example】
The monoglyceride content was determined by GPC analysis. TSKgel G2000HXL and TSKgel G1000HXL manufactured by Tosoh Corporation were connected in series as columns, RI (differential refractometer) was used as a detector, and THF (tetrahydrofuran) was used as an eluent.
[0023]
The contents of glycerin and diglycerin were quantified by GC analysis (gas chromatography), and the iron content was quantified by ICP analysis (inductively coupled plasma emission analysis).
[0024]
Example 1
In a 2 L four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, dehydrating tube-cooling tube, thermometer, and nitrogen introducing tube, 480 g of glycerin and 750 g of tall oil fatty acid are added [glycerin / fatty acid (molar ratio) = 2.0], and a small amount of water. Suspended iron hydroxide was added in an amount of 2 ppm as iron, and the temperature was raised to 250 ° C. over about 1.5 hours with stirring at 400 r / min while flowing 100 mL / min of nitrogen through the liquid space. After reaching 250 ° C., the reaction was carried out at that temperature for 4 hours. As a result of analyzing the acid value, the water content, and the monoglyceride content with time, the water content at a fatty acid-based reaction rate of 90% or more changed from 700 to 1900 ppm. The monoglyceride content in the product after the reaction was 67 area%.
[0025]
Subsequently, the reaction mixture was cooled to 170 ° C. by refluxing under reduced pressure, and glycerin was distilled off under reduced pressure at a pressure of 2.7 kPa or less, and after further supplying water vapor at 150 ° C. and 2 kPa for 2 hours, zeta plus A monoglyceride-containing composition was obtained by adsorption filtration under pressure using 30S (Cuno Co., Ltd.). The monoglyceride content in the composition was 64 area%, the acid value was 0.2 mg KOH / g, the glycerin content was 0.3 wt%, the diglycerin content was 0.3 wt%, and the iron content was 0.1 ppm or less.
[0026]
Example 2
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that iron hydroxide was changed to iron stearate, and adsorption filtration was performed in the same manner except for glycerin. The monoglyceride content in the product after the reaction was 65 area%, and the water content when the reaction rate based on fatty acid was 90% or more was 600-1300 ppm. In addition, the monoglyceride content in the composition after adsorption filtration is 62 area%, the acid value is 0.2 mg KOH / g, the glycerin content is 0.4 wt%, the diglycerin content is 0.4 wt%, and the iron content is 0.00. It was 1 ppm or less.
[0027]
Example 3
Nitrogen was blown into the liquid at 100 mL / min and the reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction was carried out for 6 hours. Similarly, glycerin was removed and adsorption filtration was carried out. The monoglyceride content in the product after the reaction was 63 area%, and the water content when the reaction rate based on fatty acid was 90% or more was 300 to 400 ppm. In addition, the monoglyceride content in the composition after adsorption filtration is 61 area%, the acid value is 0.3 mg KOH / g, the glycerin content is 0.4 wt%, the diglycerin content is 0.5 wt%, and the iron content is 0.00. It was 1 ppm or less.
[0028]
Example 4
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that iron hydroxide was changed to iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate and the addition amount was changed to 10 ppm as iron, and adsorption filtration was performed in the same manner except for glycerin. The monoglyceride content in the product after the reaction was 66 area%, and the water content when the reaction rate based on fatty acid was 90% or more was 600 to 1500 ppm. Moreover, the monoglyceride content in the composition after adsorption filtration is 63 area%, the acid value is 0.2 mgKOH / g, the glycerin content is 0.5 wt%, the diglycerin content is 0.3 wt%, and the iron content is 0.00. It was 1 ppm or less.
[0029]
Example 5
Change the tall oil fatty acid to soybean oil, change the feed amount to 2 mol of glycerine per mol of acyl group of soybean oil, change the addition amount of iron hydroxide to 10 ppm as iron and the reaction time to 10 hours The reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that glycerin was removed and adsorption filtration was performed. The monoglyceride content in the product after the reaction was 64 area%, and the water content when the reaction rate based on fatty acid was 90% or more was 600-1400 ppm. In addition, the monoglyceride content in the composition after adsorption filtration is 61 area%, the acid value is 0.4 mg KOH / g, the glycerin content is 0.4 wt%, the diglycerin content is 0.9 wt%, and the iron content is 0.00. It was 1 ppm or less.
[0030]
Comparative Example 1
Reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 without adding iron hydroxide, and glycerin was removed in the same manner, followed by adsorption filtration. The monoglyceride content in the product after the reaction was 54 area%, and the water content when the reaction rate based on fatty acid was 90% or more was changed from 300 to 400 ppm. Moreover, the monoglyceride content in the composition after adsorption filtration was 51 area%, the acid value was 0.3 mg KOH / g, the glycerin content was 0.4 wt%, and the diglycerin content was 0.7 wt%.
[0031]
Comparative Example 2
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 except that iron hydroxide was changed to sodium hydroxide and 10 ppm was added as sodium, and glycerin was removed by distillation under reduced pressure without neutralization. The monoglyceride content in the product after the reaction was 62 area%, and the water content when the reaction rate based on fatty acid was 90% or more was 300 to 400 ppm. The monoglyceride content in the composition after glycerin distillation was 48 area%, the glycerin content was 3.1% by weight, and the diglycerin content was 0.7% by weight.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
By the method of the present invention, a monoglyceride-containing composition having a high monoglyceride content can be easily obtained from glycerin and a fatty acid or glycerin ester without using an expensive concentrator such as a molecular distiller or a special high-speed rotary stirring shearing machine. Obtainable.

Claims (8)

グリセリンと、脂肪酸及びグリセリンエステルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のアシル基を有する化合物とを反応させてモノグリセライド含有組成物を製造する方法であって、鉄、コバルト及びマンガンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含む触媒を、金属として0.1〜60ppm(グリセリンとアシル基を有する化合物の総重量に対する重量比)用いて反応を行う、モノグリセライド含有組成物の製造方法。A method for producing a monoglyceride-containing composition by reacting glycerin with a compound having at least one acyl group selected from fatty acids and glycerin esters, wherein at least one metal selected from iron, cobalt and manganese is produced. The manufacturing method of the monoglyceride containing composition which reacts using 0.1-60 ppm (weight ratio with respect to the total weight of the compound which has glycerol and an acyl group) as a metal containing catalyst. アシル基を有する化合物のアシル基1モルに対し、グリセリンを1モル以上用いて反応させる、請求項1記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method of Claim 1 made to react using 1 mol or more of glycerol with respect to 1 mol of acyl groups of the compound which has an acyl group. グリセリンとアシル基を有する化合物とを反応させた後、金属を含む触媒の存在下でグリセリンを留去する、請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method of Claim 1 or 2 which distills away glycerol in presence of the catalyst containing a metal after making the compound which has glycerol and an acyl group react. 金属が鉄である請求項1〜3いずれかに記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the metal is iron. グリセリンと脂肪酸との反応で脂肪酸基準の反応率が90%以上に達した後、あるいはグリセリンとグリセリンエステルとのエステル交換反応の際に、反応系内の水分量を500〜5000ppmに保持する工程を有する、請求項1〜4いずれかに記載の製造方法。A step of maintaining the water content in the reaction system at 500 to 5000 ppm after the reaction rate of the fatty acid standard reaches 90% or more in the reaction of glycerin and fatty acid or in the transesterification reaction between glycerin and glycerin ester. The manufacturing method in any one of Claims 1-4 which has. アシル基を有する化合物のアシル基の炭素数が12〜30である、請求項1〜5いずれかに記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method in any one of Claims 1-5 whose carbon number of the acyl group of the compound which has an acyl group is 12-30. 反応温度が180〜270℃である、請求項1〜6いずれかに記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method in any one of Claims 1-6 whose reaction temperature is 180-270 degreeC. GPC分析によって求めたモノグリセライド含有組成物中のモノグリセライド含量が55面積%以上である、請求項1〜7いずれかに記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method in any one of Claims 1-7 whose monoglyceride content in the monoglyceride containing composition calculated | required by GPC analysis is 55 area% or more.
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