JP4230091B2 - Appearance inspection device - Google Patents

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JP4230091B2
JP4230091B2 JP2000119002A JP2000119002A JP4230091B2 JP 4230091 B2 JP4230091 B2 JP 4230091B2 JP 2000119002 A JP2000119002 A JP 2000119002A JP 2000119002 A JP2000119002 A JP 2000119002A JP 4230091 B2 JP4230091 B2 JP 4230091B2
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brightness
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image
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JP2001305066A (en
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啓司 矢野
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Panasonic Corp
Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Panasonic Corp
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、実装基板などの検査対象物の外観検査を行う外観検査装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
実装基板の電子部品の実装状態を検査する方法として、外観検査が広く用いられている。この外観検査は、実装基板をカメラで撮像し撮像結果を画像処理することにより電子部品の実装状態の異常の有無を検出するものであり、検査項目としては電子部品の有無や位置ずれなど各種のものがある。
【0003】
この外観検査において良好な撮像結果を得るためには、照明条件を適正に設定する必要がある。このため外観検査装置では、照明装置として明るさを可変とし撮像対象に応じて照明条件を調整することが行われる。この照明条件の調整は、所望の明るさに応じてLEDなどの照明器を駆動する指令値を変化させるものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、LEDなどの照明器は一般に経時変化のために同一の指令値によって点灯される場合においても、累積使用時間などの条件によって実際に得られる明るさはばらつく。また、撮像画像から得られる明るさの画像情報は、照明条件のみならずカメラなど光学系によっても異なっており、従来の照明条件のみを調整する方法ではばらつきのない適正な画像情報を得ることが困難で、検査精度が確保されないという問題点があった。
【0005】
そこで本発明は、撮像画像の明るさを適正に較正することができ、検査精度を確保することができる外観検査装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1記載の外観検査装置は、検査対象物の外観検査を行う外観検査装置であって、撮像対象や較正板を撮像して画像を取り込む撮像手段と、撮像対象を照明する照明手段と、照明の明るさを指示するための照明値を出力する明るさ指示手段と、撮像により得られた画像の明るさを検出する明るさ検出部と、前記画像の明るさの目標値である明るさ目標値と前記照明値との相関を示すデータを記憶する明るさ目標値記憶部と、前記明るさ検出部で検出した前記較正板画像の明るさ検出値を明るさ目標値と比較し、前記明るさ検出値を前記明るさ目標値に一致させるために前記照明値に対応した指令値を補正する補正値を照明値ごとに求める明るさ調整部と、前記明るさ調整部で求めた補正値を照明値ごとに記憶する補正値記憶部と、前記明るさ指示手段から出力された前記照明値に応じた指令値を前記補正値記憶部に記憶されている補正値により補正して補正後指令値を求め前記照明手段に出力する照明補正手段とを備えた。
【0007】
請求項2記載の外観検査装置は、検査対象物の外観検査を行う外観検査装置であって、撮像対象や較正板を撮像して画像を取り込む撮像手段と、撮像対象を照明する照明手段と、照明の明るさを指示するための照明値を出力する明るさ指示手段と、前記明るさ指示手段から指示された照明値に対応する指令値を前記照明手段へ出力する変換テーブルと、撮像により得られた画像の明るさを検出する明るさ検出部と、前記画像の明るさの目標値である明るさ目標値と前記照明値との相関を示すデータを記憶する明るさ目標値記憶部と、前記明るさ検出部で検出した前記較正板画像の明るさ検出値を明るさ目標値と比較し、前記明るさ検出値を前記明るさ目標値に一致させるために前記照明値に対応した指令値を補正した補正後指令値を求めて前記変換テーブルの指令値を更新する明るさ調整部とを備えた。
【0010】
本発明は、較正板を撮像することにより得られた較正用画像の明るさ検出値を明るさ目標値記憶部に記憶された明るさ目標値と比較することにより、明るさ指示手段からの指示出力に応じて照明手段の明るさを指令する指令値を補正した補正後指令値を求め、この補正後指令値を照明手段に出力する。これにより、撮像により得られる画像の明るさを適正に較正することができ、外観検査の検査精度を確保することができる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の構成を示すブロック図、図2は本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の処理機能を示す機能ブロック図、図3、図5は本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の照明値、指令値と明るさ目標値との関係を示すグラフ、図4は本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の照明条件較正処理のフロー図、図6は本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の処理機能を示す機能ブロック図、図7は本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の変換テーブルを示す図である。
【0012】
まず図1を参照して外観検査装置の構成を説明する。図1において、位置決めテーブル1上には外観検査の検査対象物である実装基板2および較正板3が載置されている。実装基板2を撮像して画像を取得し、得られた画像を画像処理することにより、電子部品の有無や位置ずれなどの所定の検査が行われる。較正板3は後述するように、撮像時の照明条件の較正処理に使用される。
【0013】
位置決めテーブル1の上方には撮像手段としてのカメラ10が配設されている。位置決めテーブル制御部15によって位置決めテーブル1を駆動することにより、実装基板2はカメラ10に対して相対的に位置決めされ、実装基板2の任意位置をカメラ10により撮像することができる。また較正処理時には位置決めテーブル1を駆動して較正板3をカメラ10の下方に移動させ、較正板3を撮像する。
【0014】
カメラ10はカメラ制御部11と接続されており、カメラ制御部11はカメラ10の撮像動作を制御するとともに、撮像により取得された画像情報を受け取る。カメラ10による撮像時には、実装基板2は多数のLED14を備えた照明部13からの照射光によって照明される。照明部13は照明制御部12と接続されており、照明制御部12には明るさを示すデジタル値である指令値が入力される。これにより、照明制御部12はこの指令値に比例した明るさで照明部13を点灯させる。照明部13、照明制御部12は指令値に応じた明るさで撮像対象を照明する照明手段となっている。
【0015】
演算処理部16はCPUであり、プログラム記憶部17に記憶された各種プログラム及びデータ記憶部18に記憶された各種データに基づいて、画像処理による外観検査や照明条件の較正処理などの各種の処理・演算を行う。プログラム記憶部17は外観検査や照明条件較正処理などのプログラムを記憶する。データ記憶部18は、照明条件の較正処理に用いられる明るさ目標値などの各種のデータを記憶する。表示部19はディスプレイ装置であり、カメラ10によって撮像された画像の表示や操作入力時の案内画面などを表示する。操作・入力部20はキーボードやマウスなどの入力手段であり、制御コマンドの入力や照明値などのデータ入力を行う。
【0016】
次に図2を参照して外観検査装置の照明条件較正処理機能について説明する。この照明条件較正処理は、撮像対象を照明する照明条件を、同一対象については常に同一結果が得られるよう、較正板を撮像することにより調整するものである。なお、図2に示す明るさ検出部21、照明値出力手段22、明るさ調整部24、指令部25は、図1に示すプログラム記憶部17に記憶されたプログラムにしたがって演算処理部16によって行われる処理機能を示すものであり、明るさ目標値記憶部23、補正値記憶部26は、図1に示すデータ記憶部18に設定された記憶領域である。
【0017】
図2において、カメラ10によって較正板3を撮像して得られた画像データは明るさ検出部21に送られる。明るさ検出部21は、画像内の対象エリアにおける明るさを検出し、検出結果は明るさ検出値として明るさ調整部24に出力される。
【0018】
照明値出力手段22は外観検査時に撮像対象に応じて設定される照明の明るさを指示する。すなわち、撮像対象に応じて照明の所望の明るさが設定されると、この明るさに対応した照明値を出力する。ここで照明値とは、装置制御上で設定される数値であり、いわば照明操作盤上での明るさの目盛に相当するものである。したがって、照明値出力手段22は、照明の所望の明るさを指示する明るさ指示手段となっている。そして照明値は明るさ指示手段の指示出力であり、明るさ調整部24及び指令部25に出力される。
【0019】
本実施の形態では、後述するように照明値は1〜10の数値によって設定され、操作・入力部20から直接入力されるデータをそのまま出力する方法や、予め撮像対象ごとに設定されデータ記憶部18に記憶された照明値を読み取って出力する方法などを用いることができる。
【0020】
明るさ調整部24は、照明値出力手段22から出力された照明値、明るさ検出部21からの明るさ検出値および明るさ目標値記憶部23に記憶された明るさ目標値と照明値との相関を示すデータに基づいて、照明値出力手段22によって指示された所望の明るさを実現するための補正値、すなわち指令部25から出力される指令値を補正する補正値を求める。
【0021】
ここで、明るさ目標値について図3を参照して説明する。画像処理による外観検査では、良好な画像を取得するために撮像時の照明条件を適正に設定することが求められる。このため外観検査装置では、照明の明るさを調整できるようになっており、この調整は装置操作上では、前述の照明値を変更することにより行われる。したがって、明るさ調整を行うには、撮像によって得られる画像の明るさの目標を示す明るさ目標値と照明値との相関を予め設定しておくことが必要となる。
【0022】
この相関は、図3に示すグラフの特性線Lによって表され、明るさ目標値が指定されることにより、この目標明るさを実現するための照明値が特性線Lにより決定される。この特性線Lは照明に使用される光源によって異り、実測によって求められる。そしてこの特性線Lを数値化したデータが明るさ目標値記憶部23に記憶されている。通常の外観検査装置の稼働時には、照明値が指示されることにより、この照明値と図3のグラフの横軸に示す対応関係にある指令値(0〜255)が指令部25より照明制御部12に出力される。
【0023】
照明条件較正処理実行時には、照明値出力手段22から照明値が出力されると、明るさ調整部24は明るさ目標値記憶部23からこの照明値に対応した明るさ目標値を読み取る。そして前述の明るさ検出値をこの明るさ目標値と比較し、これらが一致しないならば、明るさ検出値を明るさ目標値と一致させるための補正値を求める処理を行う。
【0024】
補正値記憶部26は、明るさ調整部24で求めた補正値を照明値ごとに記憶する。指令部25は、照明値出力手段22からの照明値に応じた指令値を出力するが、補正値記憶部26に補正値が設定されていれば、この補正値によって補正した指令値(補正後指令値)を出力する。
【0025】
次に補正値について説明する。照明部13の光源として使用されるLEDは一般に使用時間の経過とともに劣化が進行し、同一電力で点灯させても常に同一の明るさが得られるとは限らない。すなわち同一の照明値が指示され、この照明値に対応した指令値が照明制御部12に出力された場合にあっても、照明部13によって照明される明るさは時間の経過とともにばらつく。言い換えれば、図3に示す特性線Lは経時的に変化する。上述の補正値はこの経時変化に起因する明るさ目標値と照明値との相関関係の変動を補正するものであり、以下の方法によって求められる。
【0026】
図4、図5を参照して、経時変化による照明条件較正処理について説明する。この較正処理は、図5に示すように予め定められた特性線Lを較正して新たな特性線L’に置き換える処理に相当する。図4において、まず較正対象の照明値を設定する(ST1)。すなわち、照明値出力手段22から較正対象の照明値を明るさ調整部24および指令部25へ出力する。そしてこの照明値に対応した指令値を照明制御部12に出力して照明部13を点灯した状態で、較正板をカメラ10で撮像して較正用画像を取得し(ST2)、得られた較正用画像の明るさを明るさ検出部21によって検出する(ST3)。次いで検出された明るさが(ST1)で出力した照明値の明るさ目標値と一致するように指令値を調整する(ST4)。
【0027】
上記処理は、図5において横軸上に較正対象の照明値a1を設定し、指令値を調整しながら明るさを検出し、ここで得られた明るさ検出値が、既存の特性線L上で照明値a1に対応する明るさ目標値b1と一致するような指令値を求める操作である。すなわち、経時変化により特性が変化した照明部13を用いると、当初指令値d1と対応していた明るさ目標値b1はもはや指令値d1とは対応しない。このため同一の明るさ目標値b1を得ようとすれば指令値をΔd1だけ変化させた新たな指令値d’1を用いなければならない。換言すれば、特性線L上の照明値a1と対応する点D1は、経時変化により、新たな指令値d’1と明るさ目標値b1との交点D’1に移動する。
【0028】
次に、上記のようにして明るさ目標値b1を与える指令値として求められた新たな指令値d’1を得るための補正値Δd1を、補正値記憶部26に記憶させる(ST5)。そして較正対象の各照明値a1,a2・・・について順次同様の処理を行い、全ての照明値について補正値Δd1,Δd2・・・を取得したか否かを判断し(ST6)、全照明値の補正値を記憶させて照明条件較正処理における補正値取得を終了する。
【0029】
そして、このようにして求められた新たな点D’1,D’2・・・を結ぶことにより、新たな特性線L’が得られ、明るさ目標値と指令値との新たな相関が求められる。各点D’1,D’2・・・の中間の値については、データ補間により必要な補正値を求める。
【0030】
指令部25は、照明値出力手段22から照明値を受けるとともに、補正値記憶部26に記憶された指令値の補正値を読み込む。そして指示された照明値と対応する指令値を読み込んだ補正値で補正した指令値(補正後指令値)を照明制御部12に対して出力する。すなわち、指令部25は補正後指令値を照明手段に出力する照明補正手段となっている。そしてこの補正後指令値に基づいて照明部13を点灯させることにより、照明部13によって照射される照明光の実際の明るさは、明るさ目標値と一致する。
【0031】
外観検査装置を用いて長期間継続して検査作業を行う過程において上記較正処理を定期的に行うことにより、常に適正な照明条件下で撮像を行って撮像により得られる画像の明るさを較正することができ、LEDなどの照明装置の経時変化に起因する明るさのばらつきを排除して外観検査の検査精度を確保することができる。
【0032】
なお上記実施の形態においては、照明条件較正処理の結果を指令値を補正するための補正値として求めて補正値記憶部26に記憶させ、指令値を出力する際には指令部25にて新たな指令値を補正値で補正した補正後指令値として照明制御部12に出力する例を示しているが、このような構成以外に図6に示すような方法を用いてもよい。
【0033】
すなわち図6に示す方法では、照明条件較正結果は変換テーブル27として求められる。変換テーブル27は、図7に示すように0〜10で指示される照明値と0〜255のデジタル値で示される指令値との対応関係をテーブルの形式で表したものである。そしてこの変換テーブルを前述の較正処理が行われる都度更新する。
【0034】
すなわち図5において、当初a1→d1の対応関係にあった照明値と指令値との対応を、a1→d’1の対応関係に置き換えることにより、上記較性処理により補正された補正後指令値を求め、この補正後指令値によって変換テーブルが更新される。これにより、同一の照明値が指示された場合には、常に同一の明るさ目標値に対応するように補正された補正後指令値が照明制御部12に出力される。すなわちこの場合には、変換テーブル27が補正後指令値を照明手段に出力する照明補正手段となっている。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、較正板を撮像することにより得られた較正用画像の明るさ検出値を明るさ目標値記憶部に記憶された明るさ目標値と比較することにより、明るさ指示手段からの指示出力に応じて照明手段の明るさを指令する指令値を補正した補正後指令値を求め、この補正後指令を照明手段に出力する。これにより、撮像により得られる画像の明るさを適正に較正することができ、外観検査の検査精度を確保することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の構成を示すブロック図
【図2】本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の処理機能を示す機能ブロック図
【図3】本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の照明値、指令値と明るさ目標値との関係を示すグラフ
【図4】本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の照明条件較正処理のフロー図
【図5】本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の照明値、指令値と明るさ目標値との関係を示すグラフ
【図6】本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の処理機能を示す機能ブロック図
【図7】本発明の一実施の形態の外観検査装置の変換テーブルを示す図
【符号の説明】
2 実装基板
3 較正板
10 カメラ
11 カメラ制御部
12 照明制御部
13 照明部
21 明るさ検出部
22 照明値出力手段
23 明るさ目標値記憶部
24 明るさ調整部
25 指令部
26 補正値記憶部
27 変換テーブル
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to visual inspection equipment for performing an appearance inspection of the inspection object, such as a mounting board.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Appearance inspection is widely used as a method for inspecting the mounting state of electronic components on a mounting board. In this visual inspection, the mounting board is imaged with a camera and the imaging result is processed to detect the presence or absence of abnormalities in the mounting state of the electronic component. There is something.
[0003]
In order to obtain a good imaging result in this appearance inspection, it is necessary to set illumination conditions appropriately. For this reason, in the appearance inspection apparatus, the brightness is variable as an illumination apparatus, and the illumination condition is adjusted according to the imaging target. The adjustment of the illumination condition is to change a command value for driving an illuminator such as an LED according to a desired brightness.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in general, when an illuminator such as an LED is turned on with the same command value due to a change over time, the brightness actually obtained varies depending on conditions such as the accumulated usage time. Also, the brightness image information obtained from the captured image differs depending not only on the illumination conditions but also on the optical system such as the camera, and appropriate image information without variations can be obtained by the conventional method of adjusting only the illumination conditions. There is a problem that inspection accuracy is not ensured.
[0005]
The present invention can be properly calibrated brightness of the captured image, and an object thereof is to provide an appearance inspection equipment capable of securing the inspection accuracy.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The appearance inspection apparatus according to claim 1 is an appearance inspection apparatus that performs an appearance inspection of an inspection object, an imaging unit that captures an image of an imaging target or a calibration plate and captures the image, an illumination unit that illuminates the imaging target, Brightness instruction means for outputting an illumination value for instructing the brightness of the illumination, a brightness detection unit for detecting the brightness of the image obtained by imaging, and the brightness that is the target value of the brightness of the image A brightness target value storage unit that stores data indicating the correlation between the target value and the illumination value, and the brightness detection value of the image of the calibration plate detected by the brightness detection unit is compared with the brightness target value, A brightness adjustment unit that obtains a correction value for correcting the command value corresponding to the illumination value for each illumination value in order to make the brightness detection value coincide with the brightness target value, and a correction obtained by the brightness adjustment unit a correction value storing unit for storing a value for each illumination value, the And an illumination correction means for outputting to said illuminating means obtains a corrected command value is corrected by the correction value of the command value stored in said correction value storage unit corresponding to the outputted the illumination value from that of indicating means Prepared.
[0007]
The appearance inspection apparatus according to claim 2 is an appearance inspection apparatus that performs an appearance inspection of an inspection object, an imaging unit that captures an image of an imaging target or a calibration plate and captures the image, an illumination unit that illuminates the imaging target, A brightness instruction means for outputting an illumination value for instructing the brightness of illumination, a conversion table for outputting a command value corresponding to the illumination value instructed from the brightness instruction means to the illumination means, and obtained by imaging A brightness detection unit that detects the brightness of the received image, a brightness target value storage unit that stores data indicating a correlation between a brightness target value that is a target value of the brightness of the image and the illumination value, A command corresponding to the illumination value for comparing the brightness detection value of the image of the calibration plate detected by the brightness detection unit with a brightness target value and matching the brightness detection value with the brightness target value. seeking a post-correction command value obtained by correcting the value And a brightness adjusting unit to update the command value of the serial conversion table.
[0010]
The present invention compares the brightness detection value of the calibration image obtained by imaging the calibration plate with the brightness target value stored in the brightness target value storage unit, thereby giving an instruction from the brightness instruction means. A corrected command value obtained by correcting the command value for instructing the brightness of the illumination means is obtained according to the output, and the corrected command value is output to the illumination means. Thereby, the brightness of the image obtained by imaging can be calibrated appropriately, and the inspection accuracy of the appearance inspection can be ensured.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an appearance inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing processing functions of the appearance inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the illumination value, the command value, and the brightness target value of the appearance inspection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram showing processing functions of the appearance inspection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conversion table of the appearance inspection apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention.
[0012]
First, the configuration of the appearance inspection apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, a mounting board 2 and a calibration plate 3 that are inspection objects for appearance inspection are placed on a positioning table 1. The mounting substrate 2 is imaged to acquire an image, and the obtained image is subjected to image processing, whereby a predetermined inspection such as the presence / absence of an electronic component and positional deviation is performed. As will be described later, the calibration plate 3 is used for calibration processing of illumination conditions during imaging.
[0013]
Above the positioning table 1, a camera 10 is disposed as an imaging unit. By driving the positioning table 1 by the positioning table control unit 15, the mounting board 2 is positioned relative to the camera 10, and an arbitrary position of the mounting board 2 can be imaged by the camera 10. Further, during the calibration process, the positioning table 1 is driven to move the calibration plate 3 below the camera 10 and image the calibration plate 3.
[0014]
The camera 10 is connected to the camera control unit 11, and the camera control unit 11 controls the imaging operation of the camera 10 and receives image information acquired by imaging. At the time of imaging by the camera 10, the mounting substrate 2 is illuminated with the irradiation light from the illumination unit 13 including a large number of LEDs 14. The illumination unit 13 is connected to the illumination control unit 12, and a command value that is a digital value indicating brightness is input to the illumination control unit 12. Thereby, the illumination control part 12 lights the illumination part 13 with the brightness proportional to this command value. The illumination unit 13 and the illumination control unit 12 are illumination units that illuminate the imaging target with brightness according to the command value.
[0015]
The arithmetic processing unit 16 is a CPU, and based on various programs stored in the program storage unit 17 and various data stored in the data storage unit 18, various processes such as an appearance inspection by image processing and a calibration process of illumination conditions.・ Calculate. The program storage unit 17 stores programs such as visual inspection and illumination condition calibration processing. The data storage unit 18 stores various data such as a brightness target value used for the illumination condition calibration process. The display unit 19 is a display device, and displays an image captured by the camera 10, a guidance screen at the time of operation input, and the like. The operation / input unit 20 is an input unit such as a keyboard and a mouse, and inputs control commands and data such as illumination values.
[0016]
Next, the illumination condition calibration processing function of the appearance inspection apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. In this illumination condition calibration process, the illumination condition for illuminating the imaging target is adjusted by imaging the calibration plate so that the same result is always obtained for the same target. Note that the brightness detection unit 21, the illumination value output means 22, the brightness adjustment unit 24, and the command unit 25 illustrated in FIG. 2 are performed by the arithmetic processing unit 16 according to the program stored in the program storage unit 17 illustrated in FIG. The brightness target value storage unit 23 and the correction value storage unit 26 are storage areas set in the data storage unit 18 shown in FIG.
[0017]
In FIG. 2, image data obtained by imaging the calibration plate 3 with the camera 10 is sent to the brightness detection unit 21. The brightness detection unit 21 detects the brightness in the target area in the image, and the detection result is output to the brightness adjustment unit 24 as a brightness detection value.
[0018]
The illumination value output means 22 instructs the brightness of the illumination set according to the imaging target at the appearance inspection. That is, when a desired brightness of illumination is set according to the imaging target, an illumination value corresponding to this brightness is output. Here, the illumination value is a numerical value set in the device control, which is equivalent to a scale of brightness on the illumination operation panel. Therefore, the illumination value output means 22 is a brightness instruction means for instructing a desired brightness of illumination. The illumination value is an instruction output of the brightness instruction means, and is output to the brightness adjustment unit 24 and the command unit 25.
[0019]
In the present embodiment, as will be described later, the illumination value is set by a numerical value of 1 to 10, and a method of directly outputting data directly input from the operation / input unit 20 or a data storage unit set in advance for each imaging target A method of reading and outputting the illumination value stored in 18 can be used.
[0020]
The brightness adjustment unit 24 includes the illumination value output from the illumination value output unit 22, the brightness detection value from the brightness detection unit 21, and the brightness target value and the illumination value stored in the brightness target value storage unit 23. Based on the data indicating the correlation, a correction value for realizing the desired brightness instructed by the illumination value output means 22, that is, a correction value for correcting the command value output from the command unit 25 is obtained.
[0021]
Here, the brightness target value will be described with reference to FIG. In appearance inspection by image processing, it is required to appropriately set illumination conditions at the time of imaging in order to obtain a good image. For this reason, in the appearance inspection apparatus, the brightness of the illumination can be adjusted, and this adjustment is performed by changing the above-described illumination value in operation of the apparatus. Therefore, in order to adjust the brightness, it is necessary to set in advance a correlation between the brightness target value indicating the brightness target of the image obtained by imaging and the illumination value.
[0022]
This correlation is represented by a characteristic line L in the graph shown in FIG. 3, and by specifying a brightness target value, an illumination value for realizing this target brightness is determined by the characteristic line L. This characteristic line L varies depending on the light source used for illumination, and is obtained by actual measurement. Data obtained by digitizing the characteristic line L is stored in the brightness target value storage unit 23. When the normal appearance inspection apparatus is in operation, an illumination value is instructed, and a command value (0 to 255) having a correspondence relationship shown on the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 12 is output.
[0023]
When an illumination value is output from the illumination value output means 22 during the illumination condition calibration process, the brightness adjustment unit 24 reads the brightness target value corresponding to the illumination value from the brightness target value storage unit 23. Then, the brightness detection value described above is compared with this brightness target value, and if they do not match, a process for obtaining a correction value for matching the brightness detection value with the brightness target value is performed.
[0024]
The correction value storage unit 26 stores the correction value obtained by the brightness adjustment unit 24 for each illumination value. The command unit 25 outputs a command value corresponding to the illumination value from the illumination value output means 22. If a correction value is set in the correction value storage unit 26, the command value corrected by this correction value (after correction) Command value).
[0025]
Next, correction values will be described. The LED used as the light source of the illuminating unit 13 generally deteriorates with the passage of time of use, and even if the LED is lit with the same power, the same brightness is not always obtained. That is, even when the same illumination value is instructed and a command value corresponding to this illumination value is output to the illumination control unit 12, the brightness illuminated by the illumination unit 13 varies over time. In other words, the characteristic line L shown in FIG. 3 changes with time. The correction value described above is for correcting the fluctuation in the correlation between the brightness target value and the illumination value due to the change over time, and is obtained by the following method.
[0026]
With reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the illumination condition calibration process according to the change with time will be described. This calibration process corresponds to a process of calibrating a predetermined characteristic line L and replacing it with a new characteristic line L ′ as shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, first, an illumination value to be calibrated is set (ST1). That is, the illumination value to be calibrated is output from the illumination value output means 22 to the brightness adjustment unit 24 and the command unit 25. Then, in a state where the command value corresponding to the illumination value is output to the illumination control unit 12 and the illumination unit 13 is turned on, the calibration plate is imaged by the camera 10 to obtain a calibration image (ST2), and the obtained calibration is obtained. The brightness of the image for use is detected by the brightness detector 21 (ST3). Next, the command value is adjusted so that the detected brightness matches the brightness target value of the illumination value output in (ST1) (ST4).
[0027]
In the above processing, the illumination value a1 to be calibrated is set on the horizontal axis in FIG. 5, the brightness is detected while adjusting the command value, and the brightness detection value obtained here is on the existing characteristic line L. Is an operation for obtaining a command value that matches the brightness target value b1 corresponding to the illumination value a1. That is, when the illumination unit 13 whose characteristics have changed due to changes over time is used, the brightness target value b1 that originally corresponds to the command value d1 no longer corresponds to the command value d1. Therefore, to obtain the same brightness target value b1, it is necessary to use a new command value d′ 1 in which the command value is changed by Δd1. In other words, the point D1 corresponding to the illumination value a1 on the characteristic line L moves to the intersection D′ 1 between the new command value d′ 1 and the brightness target value b1 due to a change with time.
[0028]
Next, the correction value storage unit 26 stores the correction value Δd1 for obtaining the new command value d′ 1 obtained as the command value for giving the brightness target value b1 as described above (ST5). Then, the same processing is sequentially performed for each of the illumination values a1, a2,... To be calibrated, and it is determined whether or not correction values Δd1, Δd2,. The correction value acquisition in the illumination condition calibration process is terminated.
[0029]
Then, by connecting the new points D′ 1, D′ 2,... Thus obtained, a new characteristic line L ′ is obtained, and a new correlation between the brightness target value and the command value is obtained. Desired. For intermediate values of the points D′ 1, D′ 2,..., Necessary correction values are obtained by data interpolation.
[0030]
The command unit 25 receives the illumination value from the illumination value output means 22 and reads the correction value of the command value stored in the correction value storage unit 26. Then, the command value (corrected command value) corrected by the correction value obtained by reading the command value corresponding to the instructed illumination value is output to the illumination control unit 12. That is, the command unit 25 is an illumination correction unit that outputs the corrected command value to the illumination unit. Then, by turning on the illumination unit 13 based on the corrected command value, the actual brightness of the illumination light emitted by the illumination unit 13 matches the brightness target value.
[0031]
By regularly performing the above calibration process in the process of performing inspection work for a long time using an appearance inspection device, the image brightness obtained by imaging is always calibrated by performing imaging under appropriate illumination conditions. In addition, it is possible to ensure the inspection accuracy of the appearance inspection by eliminating the variation in brightness due to the change with time of the illumination device such as the LED.
[0032]
In the above embodiment, the result of the illumination condition calibration process is obtained as a correction value for correcting the command value and stored in the correction value storage unit 26. When the command value is output, the command unit 25 adds a new value. Although an example in which a correct command value is output to the illumination control unit 12 as a corrected command value corrected with a correction value is shown, a method as shown in FIG. 6 may be used in addition to such a configuration.
[0033]
That is, in the method shown in FIG. 6, the illumination condition calibration result is obtained as the conversion table 27. As shown in FIG. 7, the conversion table 27 represents the correspondence between the illumination value indicated by 0 to 10 and the command value indicated by the digital value of 0 to 255 in the form of a table. The conversion table is updated each time the above calibration process is performed.
[0034]
That is, in FIG. 5, the corrected command value corrected by the above-described comparison processing is performed by replacing the correspondence between the illumination value and the command value that originally had the correspondence relationship of a1 → d1 with the correspondence relationship of a1 → d′ 1. And the conversion table is updated with the corrected command value. Thereby, when the same illumination value is instructed, the corrected command value corrected to always correspond to the same brightness target value is output to the illumination control unit 12. That is, in this case, the conversion table 27 is an illumination correction unit that outputs the corrected command value to the illumination unit.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention compares the brightness detection value of the calibration image obtained by imaging the calibration plate with the brightness target value stored in the brightness target value storage unit, thereby giving an instruction from the brightness instruction means. A corrected command value obtained by correcting the command value for instructing the brightness of the illumination means is obtained in accordance with the output, and the corrected command is output to the illumination means. Thereby, the brightness of the image obtained by imaging can be calibrated appropriately, and the inspection accuracy of the appearance inspection can be ensured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an appearance inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating processing functions of the appearance inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The graph which shows the relationship between the illumination value of the appearance inspection apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, a command value, and a brightness target value. [FIG. 4] The flowchart of the illumination condition calibration process of the appearance inspection apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the illumination value, command value, and brightness target value of the appearance inspection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows the processing functions of the appearance inspection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Functional block diagram showing FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a conversion table of an appearance inspection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 mounting board 3 calibration board 10 camera 11 camera control unit 12 illumination control unit 13 illumination unit 21 brightness detection unit 22 illumination value output means 23 brightness target value storage unit 24 brightness adjustment unit 25 command unit 26 correction value storage unit 27 Conversion table

Claims (2)

検査対象物の外観検査を行う外観検査装置であって、撮像対象や較正板を撮像して画像を取り込む撮像手段と、撮像対象を照明する照明手段と、照明の明るさを指示するための照明値を出力する明るさ指示手段と、撮像により得られた画像の明るさを検出する明るさ検出部と、前記画像の明るさの目標値である明るさ目標値と前記照明値との相関を示すデータを記憶する明るさ目標値記憶部と、前記明るさ検出部で検出した前記較正板画像の明るさ検出値を明るさ目標値と比較し、前記明るさ検出値を前記明るさ目標値に一致させるために前記照明値に対応した指令値を補正する補正値を照明値ごとに求める明るさ調整部と、前記明るさ調整部で求めた補正値を照明値ごとに記憶する補正値記憶部と、前記明るさ指示手段から出力された前記照明値に応じた指令値を前記補正値記憶部に記憶されている補正値により補正して補正後指令値を求め前記照明手段に出力する照明補正手段とを備えたことを特徴とする外観検査装置。An appearance inspection apparatus for inspecting an appearance of an inspection object , an imaging unit that captures an image of an imaging target and a calibration plate , captures the image, an illuminating unit that illuminates the imaging target, and an illumination for instructing the brightness of the illumination A brightness instruction means for outputting a value, a brightness detector for detecting the brightness of an image obtained by imaging, and a correlation between a brightness target value that is a target value of the brightness of the image and the illumination value. A brightness target value storage unit that stores data indicating the brightness detection value of the image of the calibration plate detected by the brightness detection unit is compared with a brightness target value, and the brightness detection value is compared with the brightness target value A brightness adjustment unit that obtains a correction value for correcting the command value corresponding to the illumination value for each illumination value in order to match the value, and a correction value that stores the correction value obtained by the brightness adjustment unit for each illumination value a storage unit, prior to output from the brightness instructing means Visual inspection, characterized in that the command value corresponding to the illumination value and a lighting correction means for outputting to said illuminating means obtains a corrected command value is corrected by the correction value stored in said correction value storage unit apparatus. 検査対象物の外観検査を行う外観検査装置であって、撮像対象や較正板を撮像して画像を取り込む撮像手段と、撮像対象を照明する照明手段と、照明の明るさを指示するための照明値を出力する明るさ指示手段と、前記明るさ指示手段から指示された照明値に対応する指令値を前記照明手段へ出力する変換テーブルと、撮像により得られた画像の明るさを検出する明るさ検出部と、前記画像の明るさの目標値である明るさ目標値と前記照明値との相関を示すデータを記憶する明るさ目標値記憶部と、前記明るさ検出部で検出した前記較正板画像の明るさ検出値を明るさ目標値と比較し、前記明るさ検出値を前記明るさ目標値に一致させるために前記照明値に対応した指令値を補正した補正後指令値を求めて前記変換テーブルの指令値を更新する明るさ調整部とを備えたことを特徴とする外観検査装置。An appearance inspection apparatus for inspecting an appearance of an inspection object , an imaging unit that captures an image of an imaging target and a calibration plate , captures the image, an illuminating unit that illuminates the imaging target, and an illumination for instructing the brightness of the illumination Brightness instruction means for outputting a value, a conversion table for outputting a command value corresponding to the illumination value instructed from the brightness instruction means to the illumination means, and a brightness for detecting the brightness of an image obtained by imaging A brightness target value storage unit that stores data indicating a correlation between a brightness target value that is a target value of the brightness of the image and the illumination value, and the calibration detected by the brightness detection unit The brightness detection value of the image on the board is compared with the brightness target value, and a corrected command value is obtained by correcting the command value corresponding to the illumination value in order to make the brightness detection value coincide with the brightness target value. Update the command value in the conversion table Appearance inspection apparatus characterized by comprising a brightness adjusting portion that.
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