JP4227275B2 - Method for preparing amyloid β protein having high toxicity - Google Patents

Method for preparing amyloid β protein having high toxicity Download PDF

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JP4227275B2
JP4227275B2 JP2000064983A JP2000064983A JP4227275B2 JP 4227275 B2 JP4227275 B2 JP 4227275B2 JP 2000064983 A JP2000064983 A JP 2000064983A JP 2000064983 A JP2000064983 A JP 2000064983A JP 4227275 B2 JP4227275 B2 JP 4227275B2
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protein
amyloid
self
fmoc
cells
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JP2001247600A (en
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美奈子 星
一紀 佐藤
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高い毒性を有する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の調製方法、および該方法で調製された高い毒性を有する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アミロイドβ蛋白質はアミノ酸約40残基の非常に凝集性の高い蛋白質であり、アルツハイマー病(Alzheimer's disease:AD)の主要な病理学的変化のひとつである老人斑の主要な構成成分である。また、この蛋白質は、突然変異によって早期発症型アルツハイマー病の原因遺伝子となるアミロイド前駆体蛋白質(APP)からプロテアーゼによるプロセッシングにより産生されることが判明している(Kang,J.et al.,Nature,325,733−736(1987);Goldgaber,D.et al.,Science,235,877−880(1987);Robakis,N.K.et al.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,84,4190−4194(1987))。
【0003】
このプロセッシングによりアミロイドβ蛋白質は水溶性のペプチドとして細胞外に放出されるが、その状態では神経細胞死誘発活性(以下、本明細書において神経細胞死誘発活性を「毒性」と称することがある。)を発揮せず、自己会合してアミロイドβ線維を形成することにより初めて毒性を獲得することが知られている(Lorezo,A.and Yanker,B.A.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,91,12243−12247(1994);以下、自己会合して毒性を示すアミロイドβ蛋白質を「自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質」又は「毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質」と呼ぶ場合がある。)。Lorezoらの方法は、アミロイドβ1-40を超純水に700μMになるように溶解し、同量のリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で塩濃度を調節した後、37℃で5日間インキュベートする工程を含んでいる。アミロイドβ1-42を用いる場合には、超純水に350μMになるように溶解し、37℃で3日間インキュベートする工程を含む。
【0004】
この自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を神経系の培養細胞に高濃度で添加すると細胞を死に至らしめることができることから、アルツハイマー病においては自己会合して毒性を獲得した自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質が神経変性を誘発していると考えられている。従って、自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の添加により神経系細胞等に細胞死を誘発する実験系は、アルツハイマー病における生体内での神経細胞死を反映していると考えることができ、神経細胞死の抑制剤のスクリーニング系などに有用である。
【0005】
しかしながら、上記のLozeroらによる細胞死を誘発する系において用いられた自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質はその毒性が低く、試験管内で神経細胞死を誘発するために必要な濃度は、アルツハイマー病等の患者の生体内に存在する毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質の1,000倍以上であった。また、上記の方法では毒性を有するアミロイドβ蛋白質含有液が再現性よく調製できず、調製された毒性を有するアミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を保存すると、ある期間を過ぎて毒性が失われるという問題もあった。従って、アルツハイマー病の研究に供するなどの目的のため、アルツハイマー病等の患者の生体内に存在するアミロイドβ蛋白質と同等の高い毒性を有し、かつその毒性が維持される自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の調製方法の開発が望まれていた。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、アルツハイマー病等の患者の生体内に存在する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質と同等の高い毒性を有し、かつその毒性が維持される自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を提供することにある。また、本発明の別の課題は、上記アミロイドβ蛋白質の調製方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、アミロイドβ蛋白質を含む水溶液を対流させて一定時間処理することにより、あるいは該水溶液中にアミロイドβ蛋白質の凝集媒体を添加してアミロイドβ蛋白質の自己会合を誘起させることによってアミロイドβ蛋白質の自己会合を再現性よく誘発できること、及びこの処理によって得られる自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質が生体内に存在する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質と同等の高い毒性を有しており、かつその毒性が長期にわたって保持されることを見いだした。本発明はこれらの知見を基にして完成されたものである。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は、アミロイドβ蛋白質を含む水溶液を対流させることにより得られる高い毒性を有する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質、及びアミロイドβ蛋白質を含む水溶液中にアミロイドβ蛋白質の凝集媒体を添加することにより得られる高い毒性を有する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を提供するものである。この発明の好ましい態様によれば、アルツハイマー病等の患者の生体内に存在する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質と実質的に同等の毒性を有する上記自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質;その毒性がアルツハイマー病等の患者の生体内に存在する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質と実質的に同等の濃度で神経系細胞に細胞死を誘発するのに十分な毒性である上記の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質;及び、500nM以下の濃度で神経系細胞に細胞死を誘発する上記自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質が提供される。
【0009】
別の観点からは、高い毒性を有する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の製造方法であって、アミロイドβ蛋白質を含む水溶液を対流させる工程を含む方法が提供される。上記工程は、好ましくは、上記水溶液を含む容器を回転させることにより、さらに好ましくは一定速度で回転させることにより行うことができる。また、本発明により、高い毒性を有する自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の製造方法であって、アミロイドβ蛋白質を含む水溶液中にアミロイドβ蛋白質の凝集媒体を添加してアミロイドβ蛋白質の自己会合を誘起する工程を含む方法が提供される。凝集媒体としてはポリエチレングリコールが好ましい。さらに別の観点からは、上記の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液;該含有液を含む試薬;及び、上記の自己化合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を用いて神経系細胞に細胞死を誘発する方法が提供される。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の調製のための原料として用いられるアミロイドβ蛋白質の種類は特に限定されない。アミロイドβ蛋白質は、約40のアミノ酸残基からなる蛋白質であり、アミロイド前駆体蛋白質(APP)からプロテアーゼによるプロセッシングで産生される。このプロテアーゼの種類やその後の修飾によってさまざまな種類が存在することが知られているが、分泌直後にはC末端のアミノ酸残基の長さの違いによりアミロイドβ40(AβX-40)とアミロイドβ42(AβX-42)が存在する。
【0011】
本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の調製には、例えば、分泌直後のアミロイドβ蛋白質の全長の分子種であるアミロイドβ40(Aβ1-40:配列番号1)若しくはアミロイドβ42(Aβ1-42:配列番号2)、又はそれらの変異体、あるいはそれらの誘導体が好ましく用いられる。アミロイドβ蛋白質は、ペプチド合成機などを用いて合成したもの、市販のもの、又は生体内から抽出精製したもの、いかなるものを用いてもよい。アミロイドβ蛋白質の合成、抽出精製は、それ自体公知の通常用いられている方法で行うことができる。合成ペプチド等の精製は高速液体クロマトグラフィにおいて単一のピークが得られる程度行えば十分であるが、精製方法として、例えば、ゲル濾過、高速液体クロマトグラフィ等が用いられる。
【0012】
本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の調製は、通常、このようにして得られたアミロイドβ蛋白質を滅菌精製水に溶解し、得られた溶液に対流を惹起して維持することにより行われる。溶解に用いる滅菌精製水の量は、アミロイドβ蛋白質が溶解する範囲であればよいが、好ましくは水溶液中のアミロイドβ蛋白質の濃度が50nM〜2mM、好ましくは1μM〜1mM、さらに好ましくは100〜700μMとなる範囲である。この溶液を適当な塩濃度に調節することが望ましい。塩濃度は、アミロイドβ蛋白質が溶解される範囲であればいかなるものでもよいが、例えば、最終pHが3〜12、好ましくは5〜10で、塩が1M以下であることが好ましい。このような塩濃度に調節する方法として、例えば、PBS(−)をアミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液と等量加える方法が用いられる。溶解の方法はアミロイドβ蛋白質が適当な量の適当な塩濃度の溶液に完全に溶解する方法であれば特に制限はない。
【0013】
上記水溶液中のアミロイドβ蛋白質を自己会合させるために上記水溶液を対流させるが、対流の流速及び維持時間は、水溶液中のアミロイドβ蛋白質が自己会合し、アルツハイマー病の患者の生体内における毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質と同等の濃度で神経細胞死を誘導する活性を有するようになるものであれば特に制限はない。ここで、アミロイドβ蛋白質の自己会合とは、該蛋白質の2分子以上が共有結合以外の分子間相互作用によって結合し、1個の分子のように行動する現象を意味しており、通常は、さらに多数の分子が会合することにより、顆粒状、線維状等の分子が形成され、その結果としてアミロイドβ蛋白質の毒性が獲得される。
【0014】
例えば、アミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液を含む容器を、適当な温度範囲中で一定時間、適当な速度で回転し続ける方法が有効である。また、アミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液が常に対流し、かつ疎水性の界面に接触する状態を維持させてもよい。例えば、超音波分散機やスターラー等で該水溶液を攪拌する方法、またはアミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液を適当な流速で疎水性チューブ内で対流させる方法等も挙げられる。
【0015】
また、アミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液中にアミロイドβ蛋白質の凝集媒体を添加する方法では、凝集媒体としてポリエチレングリコール(PEG:分子量3000〜6000程度のもの)などを添加し、1M以下程度の適当な塩濃度の存在下で静置することによる方法が挙げられる。アミロイドβ蛋白質の自己会合を誘起する凝集媒体としては、一般的に、蛋白質の結晶化を誘起する物質を用いることができる。例えば、塩化リチウム、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化アンモニウム、塩化カルシウム、ギ酸ナトリウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、クエン酸アンモニウム、酢酸ナトリウム、酢酸アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、硝酸マグネシウム、硫酸アンモニウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸リチウムセチルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウムなどの無機塩類;PEG100、PEG4000、PEG6000、PEG10000などのポリエチレングリコール類;アセトニトリル、アセトン、イソプロパノール、エタノール、ジオキサン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ブタノール、1,3−ブチロラクトン、1,3−プロパンジオール、2,5−ヘキサンジオール、メタノール、2−メチル−2,4−ペンタンジオールなどの有機溶媒を挙げることができる。凝集媒体の添加方法としては、一般的に蛋白質の結晶化に用いられる添加方法を採用することができる。これらの技術については、例えば、「生命科学のための結晶解析入門−タンパク質結晶解析のてびき、平山令明著、丸善株式会社」などに記載されている。
【0016】
対流を維持するにあたり一定温度を維持することが望ましいが、その温度範囲はアミロイドβ蛋白質が変性しない範囲であれば特に制限はない。具体的には4〜50℃、好ましくは4〜40℃、さらに好ましくは4〜37℃の範囲が挙げられる。容器に回転を加え続ける方法としては、アミロイドβ蛋白質の水溶液を含む容器を回転培養機、攪拌機、振とう機等を用いて回転させる方法が用いられるが、この中で回転培養器を用いるのが最も好ましい。回転速度は、通常200rpm以下、好ましくは5〜50rpm、さらに好ましくは20〜40rpmで行われる。また、回転を維持する時間は、水溶液中のアミロイドβ蛋白質が自己会合して十分な毒性を獲得するまで行われるが、具体的には回転の速度等の条件により4時間〜7日程度行われる。
【0017】
アミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液を充填する容器としては、アミロイドβ蛋白質以外の蛋白質の混入が防げるものであればいかなるものでもよいが、一般的には、蛋白質が吸着しない素材の容器が望ましい。具体的には、プラスチック容器や、市販のエッペンドルフチューブ等がさらに望ましい。容量にも特に制限はない。また、他の蛋白質の混入を防ぐために、容器をあらかじめオートクレーブ等を用いて滅菌しておくことは効果的である。容器に充填するアミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液の量は、容器の全容積の30〜90%、さらには50〜80%が望ましい。容器中でアミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液に十分な対流を惹起させ、その対流を一定に維持することが望ましい。
【0018】
このようにして得られた自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質は、このままでも神経系細胞に細胞死を誘導することができ、薬理学や生化学の実験などに供することが可能である。もっとも、実験などの使用目的に応じて、さらにアミロイドβ線維を取り除く等の精製を行ってもよい。精製の方法としては、自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を遠心分離してその上清を分取する方法や、例えば0.45μm以上の孔径を有するフィルター(例えば0.65μmのフィルターと30kダルトン以上の分子量の物質をカットするフィルターとの組み合わせなど)で線維を除去する方法、LPFFD(βシート破壊ペプチドiAβ5、ペプチド研究所;アミノ酸配列は一文字標記で示した)やKLVFF(アミノ酸配列は一文字標記で示した)等のβシート破壊ペプチドで線維を分解して取り除く方法、ゲル濾過等なども用いることが可能である。
【0019】
本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を用いた神経細胞死の誘導は、神経系の細胞等の培養液に本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を添加し、通常の方法に従って培養することにより行うことができる。本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質により誘導される細胞死は、アポトーシス又はネクローシスのいずれでもよい。また、用いられる細胞としては、神経系細胞であれば特に制限はなく、哺乳動物(ヒト、ラット、マウス、サル、ブタ等)由来の神経系細胞や、これらの細胞に分化が可能な細胞等でもよい。また、初代培養細胞又は樹立培養株のいずれでもよい。初代培養細胞としては、上記した動物の海馬、および前脳基底野等から取得したものが好ましく、樹立培養株としては、例えば、PC−12細胞(ATCC CRL−1721)、B103(Schubert,D.et al.,Nature,249(454),224−227(1974))等が好ましい。また上記動物の海馬等の器官をそのまま用いることも可能である。
【0020】
これらの細胞や組織は、通常の培養法により培養することができる。具体的には、神経系細胞の初代培養、および神経系細胞の培養方法としては、Hoshi,M.et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.,93,2719−2723(1996)、およびSahubert,D.et al.,Nature,249(454),224−227(1974)に記載されている方法等を用いることができ、器官培養は、Gary Banker andKimbery Goslin,Culturing nerve cells,2nd Edition,MIT Press,Cambridge(1998)に記載された方法等を用いることができる。このようにして培養された神経系の細胞、および器官に細胞死を誘導するために添加する本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の量は適宜選択可能であるが、通常、アルツハイマー病等の患者の生体内に存在する毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質と実質的に同等の濃度で細胞死を誘導できる。例えば、初代培養(1.25×106個/ml)あたり10nM以上、400μm海馬スライス/1ml培養液あたり100pM以上などの量で細胞死を誘導できる。もっとも、上記の濃度は例示のためのものであり、この量に限定されることはない。
【0021】
本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質によって誘導される神経系細胞の細胞死は、通常の場合、本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の有効量を添加した後、約6時間程度から起こり、48時間程度の後には顕著な細胞死の様子が観察できる。これらの細胞死を測定する方法としては、通常用いられる細胞死検出法を用いることができる。具体的には、被検体が細胞の場合、MTTアッセイ(Mossman,T.,J.Immunol.Methods,65,55,(1983)、またはトリパンブルーダイエクスクルージョン法(Woo,K.B.,W.K.Funkhouser,C.Sullivan,and O.Alabaster,Cell Tissue Kinet.,13(6),591−604(1980))、プロピディウムイオダイド等による染色法などが用いられ、器官スライス等の場合にはプロピディウムイオダイド等による染色法等が用いられる。
【0022】
神経系細胞または神経系器官の培養液に本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を添加することによりこれらの神経細胞死を誘導する系は、例えば、毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質による神経系細胞の細胞死に対して抑制作用を有する薬剤のスクリーニングに用いることが可能である。このようなスクリーニングは、例えば、神経系細胞または組織培養液に予め被検物質を添加した後、本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を添加し、あるいは神経系細胞または組織培養液に本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を添加した後に被検物質を添加して、該神経系細胞や組織の細胞死が被検薬物により抑制されるか否かを検出することにより行うことができる。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明の範囲は下記の実施例に限定されることはない。
例1:自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液の調製
(1)アミロイドβ(Aβ1-40:配列番号1)樹脂の製造
Fmoc−Val樹脂342mg(アミン含量0.73mmol/g樹脂)をパーキンエルマーアプライドバイオシステムズ社製A433型自動ペプチド合成機にセットし、これにFmoc−Val−OH,Fmoc−Gly−OH,Fmoc−Gly−OH,Fmoc−Val−OH,Fmoc−Met−OH,Fmoc−Leu−OH,Fmoc−Gly−OH,Fmoc−Ile−OH,Fmoc−Ile−OH,Fmoc−Ala−OH,Fmoc−Gly−OH,Fmoc−Lys(Boc)−OH,Fmoc−Asn(Trt)−OH,Fmoc−Ser(tBu)−OH,Fmoc−Gly−OH,Fmoc−Val−OH,Fmoc−Asp(OtBu)−OH,Fmoc−Glu(OtBu)−OH,Fmoc−Ala−OH,Fmoc−Phe−OH,Fmoc−Phe−OH,Fmoc−Val−OH,Fmoc−Leu−OH,Fmoc−Lys(Boc)−OH,Fmoc−Gln(Trt)−OH,Fmoc−His(Trt)−OH,Fmoc−His(Trt)−OH,Fmoc−Val−OH,Fmoc−Glu(OtBu)−OH,Fmoc−Tyr(tBu)−OH,Fmoc−Gly−OH,Fmoc−Ser(tBu)−OH,Fmoc−Asp(OtBu)−OH,Fmoc−His(Trt)−OH,Fmoc−Arg(Pmc)−OH,Fmoc−Phe−OH,Fmoc−Glu(OtBu)−OH,Fmoc−Ala−OH,Fmoc−Asp(OtBu)−OHを供給し、HBTU[2−(1H−Benzotriazole−1−yl)−1,1,3,3,−tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate]を縮合剤として順次縮合させて上記の側鎖保護アミロイドβ(Aβ1-40)樹脂1.515gを得た。
【0024】
(2)トリフルオロ酢酸処理
上記(1)で得た側鎖保護アミロイドβ(Aβ1-40)樹脂中の304mgを採取し、これにフェノール0.75mlとチオアニソール0.5mlとトリフルオロ酢酸8.25mlとエタンジチオール0.25mlと蒸留水0.5mlを加え、氷冷下5分、続いて室温で1.5時間反応させた。反応終了後、氷冷したジエチルエーテル200mlを加えてペプチドを沈殿させた。全内容物をグラスフィルターで濾取し、冷ジエチルエーテルで洗浄した後、35%のアセトニトリルを含む0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸(約200ml)で抽出処理してH−Asp−Ala−Glu−Phe−Arg−His−Asp−Ser−Gly−Tyr−Glu−Val−His−His−Gln−Lys−Leu−Val−Phe−Phe−Ala−Glu−Asp−Val−Gly−Ser−Asn−Lys−Gly−Ala−Ile−Ile−Gly−Leu−Met−Val−Gly−Gly−Val−Val−OHで表される粗ペプチド191mgを得た。
【0025】
(3)ペプチドの精製
この粗ペプチドを35%のアセトニトリルを含む0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸(40ml)に溶解しODS(オクタデシルシラン)をシリカに結合した逆相系のカラム(内径2cm、長さ25cm)を用いたHPLCにより精製した。溶出は0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸中、アセトニトリル濃度を22%から42%へ直線的に20分間で上昇させることによりおこなった。精製物の収量は35mgであった。本物質の構造はMALDI−TOF質量分析により確認された。測定値[M+H]+4330.99、計算値(C19429553581+H)4330.89。
【0026】
(4)自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液の調製
上記(3)で精製を行ったアミロイドβ蛋白質0.4μmolを1.5ml容量のエッペンドルフチューブに入れ、これに532μlの超純水と532μlのPBS(SIGMA社製)を順次加え、アミロイドβ蛋白質を完全に溶解させた。このアミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液の入ったエッペンドルフチューブをダックローター(TAITEC社製、ローター:RT50)に取り付け、37℃において35rpmの速度で7日間回転させた。
【0027】
例2:自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液の毒性の検定
(1)初代培養細胞の調製
ラット18日胎児(2腹分)の前脳基底野より分散培養によって初代培養細胞を調製した。この初代培養細胞をポリエルリジン(ナカライテスク社製)によりコーティングした24ウェルプラスチック細胞培養プレート中で培養した。コーティングは0.5mgポリエルリジン/1ml 0.15Mホウ酸バッファー(pH8.3)のポリエルリジン溶液に培養プレートを1晩浸漬した後、滅菌精製水で洗浄し、自然乾燥させて行った。初代培養細胞は培養プレート1ウェルの底面積に対して、3×105cells/cm2の密度となるように、5%牛胎児血清(ハイクローン社製)/5%馬血清(ライフテックオリエンタル社製)1mM Pyruvate/50μg/ml Gentamicin(ライフテックオリエンタル社製)/DMEM high glucose培地(ライフテックオリエンタル社製)で調製した。培養は37℃、10%CO2中で4日間行った。
【0028】
(2)自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の添加
上記(1)で得られた初代培養細胞について、培養液をB27(ライフテックオリエンタル社製)、Neurobasal(ライフテックオリエンタル社製)、0.5mM L−Glutamine、50μg/ml Gentamicin(ライフテックオリエンタル社製)培地0.5ml/1ウェルに交換した。培地交換後、37℃、10%CO2中で3日間さらに培養を行った。この培養細胞に対し、例1で得られた自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を最終アミロイドβ蛋白質濃度が1、2、5、10μM/1ウェル、またコントロールとしてPBS/H2Oを等容量2ウェルのそれぞれ細胞外液に添加した。添加後、37℃、10%CO2中で16時間培養を行った。
【0029】
(3)MTT活性測定
上記(2)で自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を添加していない2ウェルのうちの1つにTritonX−100を最終濃度が0.1%となるように添加し、37℃、10%CO2中で10分間培養した。このようにして毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を添加した4ウェル、コントロールの1ウェル、及びTritonX−100を添加してウェル内の培養細胞を死滅させた1ウェルの計6ウェルについて培地を除去し、250μg MTT(シグマ社製)/PBS50μlを注入した。これらを37℃、10%CO2中で3時間培養した後、20% SDS(ナカライテスク社製)、50% DMF(dimetylformamide)pH3.5/H2Oを50μl添加した。これをさらに37℃、10%CO2中で2時間静置し、細胞を完全に融解させた。この各ウェル中の細胞融解液について570nmの吸光度を測定した。この570nmの吸光度について、TritonX−100を加えて細胞をすべて死滅させたウェルにおける値をバックグラウンドとして他のウェルにおける値から差し引いた値の結果を図1(白丸)に示した。
【0030】
例3:アミロイドβ蛋白質水溶液を回転を加えず調製したアミロイドβ蛋白質含有液の毒性の検定
アミロイドβ蛋白質を可溶化後、回転を加えないで調製したアミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を用いた他は、例2と同様の実験を行った。結果を図1(黒四角)に示した。例2で得られた結果との比較から、アミロイドβ蛋白質を可溶化後、回転をさせて自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を調製した場合にのみ、神経系細胞に細胞死を誘導する活性を有する毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質を調製できることが明らかになった。
【0031】
例4:自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液が有する毒性の持続性の検定
上記例1及び3で調製した自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質含有液について、調製後それぞれ4℃に7〜14日間静置した。これらのアミロイドβ蛋白質含有液について、上記例2と同様の方法で毒性を検定した。ラット18日胎児の前脳基底野より分散培養によって調製した初代培養細胞の各細胞外液に対し、最終濃度5μMとなるようにアミロイドβ蛋白質含有液を添加した。添加後、37℃、10%CO2中で16時間培養を行った後、上記例2(3)に記載のとおりにMTT活性を測定した。この結果を図2に示した。以上の結果より、アミロイドβ蛋白質を可溶化後、容器を回転させて自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を調製した場合にのみ、神経系細胞に細胞死を誘導する活性が14日保持されることが明らかになった。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質は、アルツハイマー病患者の生体内に存在する毒性アミロイドβ蛋白質と同等の強い毒性を有しており、かつその毒性が保持される特性を有する。従って、神経系細胞又は神経系器官の培養液に本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を添加することにより、生体内で惹起されている神経細胞死をインビトロで忠実に再現することができる。また、本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を用いることにより、神経系細胞の細胞死を抑制する作用を有する物質のスクリーニングを行うことができる。
【0033】
【配列表】

Figure 0004227275

【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の方法で調製した自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質が神経系細胞に細胞死を誘導する高い毒性を有することを示した図である。図中、白丸は本発明の自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の結果を示し、黒四画はアミロイドβ蛋白質の溶液に回転を加えずに調製したアミロイドβ蛋白質溶液についての結果を示す。
【図2】 本発明の方法で調製した自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を保存したときの毒性の変化を示した図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for preparing self-association amyloid β protein having high toxicity, and a self-association amyloid β protein having high toxicity prepared by the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Amyloid β protein is a highly aggregated protein of about 40 amino acids, and is a major component of senile plaques, one of the major pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). . It has also been found that this protein is produced by protease processing from amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is a causative gene for early-onset Alzheimer's disease by mutation (Kang, J. et al., Nature). , 325 733-736 (1987); Goldgaber, D .; et al. , Science, 235 877-880 (1987); Robakis, N .; K. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84 4190-4194 (1987)).
[0003]
By this processing, amyloid β protein is released to the outside of the cell as a water-soluble peptide, and in that state, neuronal cell death-inducing activity (hereinafter, neuronal cell death-inducing activity is sometimes referred to as “toxicity” in this specification). It is known that toxicity is acquired only by self-association to form amyloid β fibrils without exhibiting (Lorezo, A. and Yanker, BA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.). USA, 91 , 12243-12247 (1994); hereinafter, the amyloid β protein which exhibits self-association and exhibits toxicity may be referred to as “self-associated amyloid β protein” or “toxic amyloid β protein”. ). The method of Lorezo et al. 1-40 Is dissolved in ultrapure water to 700 μM, the salt concentration is adjusted with the same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and then incubated at 37 ° C. for 5 days. Amyloid β 1-42 Is used, it comprises a step of dissolving in ultrapure water to 350 μM and incubating at 37 ° C. for 3 days.
[0004]
When this high concentration of self-associating amyloid β protein is added to cultured cells of the nervous system, cells can be killed. In Alzheimer's disease, self-associating amyloid β protein that has acquired self-association and acquired toxicity is neurodegenerative. It is thought to induce. Therefore, the experimental system that induces cell death in nervous system cells by the addition of self-associated amyloid β protein can be considered to reflect neuronal cell death in vivo in Alzheimer's disease. It is useful for screening systems for inhibitors.
[0005]
However, the self-association amyloid β protein used in the above-described system for inducing cell death by Lozero et al. Has low toxicity, and the concentration necessary for inducing neuronal cell death in vitro is not limited to patients such as Alzheimer's disease. The toxic amyloid β protein existing in vivo was 1,000 times or more. In addition, the toxic amyloid β protein-containing solution cannot be prepared with good reproducibility by the above method, and if the prepared toxic amyloid β protein-containing solution is stored, the toxicity is lost after a certain period of time. It was. Therefore, a self-associated amyloid β protein that has the same high toxicity as amyloid β protein present in the living body of patients with Alzheimer's disease and the like and is maintained for the purpose of, for example, being used for research of Alzheimer's disease Development of a method for preparing the above has been desired.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a self-associating amyloid β protein having high toxicity equivalent to that of a self-associating amyloid β protein existing in the living body of a patient such as Alzheimer's disease and maintaining its toxicity. is there. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the amyloid β protein.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have made amyloid β protein self-association by convection of an aqueous solution containing amyloid β protein and treating for a certain period of time, or by adding an amyloid β protein aggregation medium to the aqueous solution. It is possible to induce self-association of β protein with reproducibility, and self-association amyloid β protein obtained by this treatment has the same high toxicity as self-association amyloid β protein existing in the living body, and its toxicity Found to be retained for a long time. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
[0008]
That is, the present invention provides a highly toxic self-associating amyloid β protein obtained by convection of an aqueous solution containing amyloid β protein, and an amyloid β protein aggregation medium in an aqueous solution containing amyloid β protein. The present invention provides a self-associated amyloid β protein having high toxicity. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the self-associated amyloid β protein having substantially the same toxicity as the self-associated amyloid β protein present in the living body of a patient such as Alzheimer's disease; The above-mentioned self-associated amyloid β protein, which is sufficiently toxic to induce cell death in nervous system cells at a concentration substantially equivalent to the self-associated amyloid β protein present in the living body of the patient; and 500 nM or less The self-association-type amyloid β protein that induces cell death in nervous system cells at a concentration of 1 is provided.
[0009]
From another viewpoint, there is provided a method for producing self-associated amyloid β protein having high toxicity, which comprises a step of convection with an aqueous solution containing amyloid β protein. The above step can be preferably performed by rotating the container containing the aqueous solution, more preferably by rotating at a constant speed. In addition, according to the present invention, a highly toxic self-association amyloid β protein is produced by adding an amyloid β protein aggregation medium to an aqueous solution containing amyloid β protein to induce self-association of amyloid β protein. A method comprising the steps is provided. Polyethylene glycol is preferred as the aggregation medium. From another aspect, a self-associating amyloid β protein-containing liquid; a reagent containing the liquid; and a method for inducing cell death in nervous system cells using the self-combining amyloid β protein are provided. Is done.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The kind of amyloid β protein used as a raw material for the preparation of the self-association amyloid β protein of the present invention is not particularly limited. Amyloid β protein is a protein composed of about 40 amino acid residues, and is produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by processing with a protease. It is known that there are various types depending on the type of protease and subsequent modifications, but immediately after secretion, amyloid β40 (Aβ X-40 ) And amyloid β42 (Aβ) X-42 ) Exists.
[0011]
For the preparation of the self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention, for example, amyloid β40 (Aβ which is a full-length molecular species of amyloid β protein immediately after secretion is used. 1-40 : SEQ ID NO: 1) or amyloid β42 (Aβ 1-42 : SEQ ID NO: 2), or a variant thereof, or a derivative thereof is preferably used. The amyloid β protein may be any synthesized using a peptide synthesizer or the like, commercially available, or extracted and purified from the living body. Synthesis, extraction and purification of amyloid β protein can be carried out by a commonly used method known per se. Although it is sufficient to purify a synthetic peptide or the like as long as a single peak is obtained in high performance liquid chromatography, for example, gel filtration, high performance liquid chromatography or the like is used as a purification method.
[0012]
The self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention is usually prepared by dissolving the amyloid β protein thus obtained in sterilized purified water and inducing and maintaining convection in the resulting solution. The amount of sterilized purified water used for dissolution may be within the range where amyloid β protein is dissolved, but preferably the concentration of amyloid β protein in the aqueous solution is 50 nM to 2 mM, preferably 1 μM to 1 mM, more preferably 100 to 700 μM. This is the range. It is desirable to adjust this solution to an appropriate salt concentration. The salt concentration may be any as long as the amyloid β protein is dissolved. For example, the final pH is 3 to 12, preferably 5 to 10, and the salt is preferably 1M or less. As a method for adjusting to such a salt concentration, for example, a method in which PBS (-) is added in an amount equal to the amyloid β protein aqueous solution is used. The dissolution method is not particularly limited as long as the amyloid β protein is completely dissolved in an appropriate amount of a solution having an appropriate salt concentration.
[0013]
The aqueous solution is convected to self-associate the amyloid β protein in the aqueous solution, and the flow rate and maintenance time of the convection is such that the amyloid β protein in the aqueous solution self-associates and is toxic amyloid β in vivo in patients with Alzheimer's disease. There is no particular limitation as long as it has an activity to induce neuronal cell death at a concentration equivalent to that of protein. Here, self-association of amyloid β protein means a phenomenon in which two or more molecules of the protein are bound by an intermolecular interaction other than a covalent bond and behave like a single molecule. Furthermore, when many molecules are associated, molecules such as granules and fibers are formed, and as a result, the toxicity of amyloid β protein is acquired.
[0014]
For example, a method is effective in which a container containing an aqueous amyloid β protein solution is kept rotating at an appropriate speed for a certain time in an appropriate temperature range. Alternatively, the amyloid β protein aqueous solution may be constantly convected and maintained in contact with the hydrophobic interface. For example, a method of stirring the aqueous solution with an ultrasonic disperser, a stirrer, or the like, or a method of convection of an aqueous amyloid β protein solution in a hydrophobic tube at an appropriate flow rate may be used.
[0015]
Further, in the method of adding an amyloid β protein aggregation medium to an amyloid β protein aqueous solution, polyethylene glycol (PEG: having a molecular weight of about 3000 to 6000) or the like is added as an aggregation medium, and an appropriate salt concentration of about 1 M or less is added. The method by leaving still in presence is mentioned. As an aggregation medium that induces self-association of amyloid β protein, a substance that induces protein crystallization can be generally used. For example, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium formate, sodium citrate, ammonium citrate, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, ammonium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, lithium cetyltrimethylammonium salt , Inorganic salts such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate; polyethylene glycols such as PEG100, PEG4000, PEG6000, and PEG10000; acetonitrile, acetone, isopropanol, ethanol, dioxane, dimethylsulfoxide, butanol, 1,3-butyrolactone, 1,3 -Propanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, methanol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, etc. Aircraft solvent can be mentioned. As an addition method of the aggregation medium, an addition method generally used for protein crystallization can be employed. These techniques are described in, for example, “Introduction to Crystal Analysis for Life Sciences—Teviki of Protein Crystal Analysis, written by Noriaki Hirayama, Maruzen Co., Ltd.”.
[0016]
Although it is desirable to maintain a constant temperature in maintaining convection, the temperature range is not particularly limited as long as the amyloid β protein is not denatured. Specifically, the range of 4-50 degreeC, Preferably it is 4-40 degreeC, More preferably, the range of 4-37 degreeC is mentioned. As a method for continuing to add rotation to the container, a method of rotating a container containing an aqueous solution of amyloid β protein using a rotary incubator, a stirrer, a shaker, etc. is used. Among them, a rotary incubator is used. Most preferred. The rotation speed is usually 200 rpm or less, preferably 5 to 50 rpm, more preferably 20 to 40 rpm. The rotation is maintained until the amyloid β protein in the aqueous solution self-associates and acquires sufficient toxicity. Specifically, the rotation is performed for about 4 hours to 7 days depending on conditions such as the rotation speed. .
[0017]
The container for filling the amyloid β protein aqueous solution may be any container as long as it can prevent the mixing of proteins other than amyloid β protein, but in general, a container made of a material that does not adsorb protein is desirable. Specifically, a plastic container, a commercially available Eppendorf tube, or the like is more desirable. There is no particular limitation on the capacity. In order to prevent contamination with other proteins, it is effective to sterilize the container in advance using an autoclave or the like. The amount of the amyloid β protein aqueous solution filled in the container is preferably 30 to 90%, more preferably 50 to 80% of the total volume of the container. It is desirable to induce sufficient convection in the amyloid β protein aqueous solution in the container and maintain the convection constant.
[0018]
The self-associated amyloid β protein thus obtained can induce cell death in nervous system cells as it is, and can be used for pharmacological and biochemical experiments. However, depending on the purpose of use such as an experiment, purification such as further removal of amyloid β fibrils may be performed. Purification methods include centrifugation of a self-associating amyloid β protein-containing solution and fractionation of the supernatant, for example, a filter having a pore size of 0.45 μm or more (for example, a 0.65 μm filter and 30 kDalton or more) A method for removing fibers by combining with a filter that cuts a substance having a molecular weight of, etc.), LPFFD (β sheet disruption peptide iAβ5, Peptide Institute; amino acid sequence is shown in single letter) and KLVFF (amino acid sequence is shown in single letter) It is also possible to use a method of decomposing and removing fibers with a β-sheet-breaking peptide such as that shown), gel filtration, or the like.
[0019]
Induction of neuronal cell death using the self-associating amyloid β protein-containing solution of the present invention is carried out by adding the self-associating amyloid β protein-containing solution of the present invention to a culture solution of cells of the nervous system, etc. This can be done. Cell death induced by the self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention may be either apoptosis or necrosis. The cells to be used are not particularly limited as long as they are nervous cells. Nervous cells derived from mammals (human, rat, mouse, monkey, pig, etc.), cells that can be differentiated into these cells, etc. But you can. Moreover, either a primary cultured cell or an established cultured strain may be used. As the primary cultured cells, those obtained from the hippocampus of the above-mentioned animals, the forebrain basal cortex, etc. are preferable. As the established cultured strains, for example, PC-12 cells (ATCC CRL-1721), B103 (Schubert, D. et al. et al., Nature, 249 (454), 224-227 (1974)) and the like are preferable. It is also possible to directly use organs such as the hippocampus of the above animals.
[0020]
These cells and tissues can be cultured by a normal culture method. Specifically, the primary culture of nervous system cells and the culture method of nervous system cells are described in Hoshi, M. et al. et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. , 93 , 2719-2723 (1996), and Sahubert, D. et al. et al. , Nature, 249 (454), 224-227 (1974) can be used, and organ culture is described in Gary Banker and Kimberly Goslin, Cultured Nerve cells, 2nd Edition, MIT Press, Cambridge (1998). A method or the like can be used. The amount of the cells of the nervous system thus cultured and the self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention to be added to induce cell death in the organ can be appropriately selected. Usually, however, patients with Alzheimer's disease, etc. Cell death can be induced at a concentration substantially equivalent to that of the toxic amyloid β protein present in the body. For example, primary culture (1.25 × 10 6 Cell death can be induced in an amount of 10 nM or more per unit / ml), 100 pM or more per 400 μm hippocampal slice / ml culture medium, and the like. However, the above concentrations are for illustrative purposes and are not limited to this amount.
[0021]
Cell death of nervous system cells induced by the self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention usually occurs from about 6 hours after the addition of an effective amount of the self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention. After about time, a remarkable cell death can be observed. As a method for measuring these cell deaths, a commonly used cell death detection method can be used. Specifically, when the subject is a cell, an MTT assay (Mossman, T., J. Immunol. Methods, 65 , 55, (1983), or trypan blue dye exclusion method (Woo, KB, WK Funkhauser, C. Sullivan, and O. Alabaster, Cell Tissue Kinet., 13 (6), 591-604 (1980)), staining methods such as propidium iodide are used, and in the case of organ slices, staining methods such as propidium iodide are used.
[0022]
A system that induces these neuronal cell deaths by adding the self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention to a culture solution of a nervous system cell or a nervous system organ is, for example, against cell death of nervous system cells caused by toxic amyloid β protein. Therefore, it can be used for screening for drugs having an inhibitory action. Such screening is performed, for example, by adding a test substance in advance to a nervous system cell or tissue culture solution and then adding the self-association amyloid β protein of the present invention, or to the nervous system cell or tissue culture solution of the present invention. It can be performed by adding a test substance after adding the self-association amyloid β protein and detecting whether cell death of the nervous system cells or tissues is suppressed by the test drug.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: Preparation of a self-associating amyloid β protein-containing solution
(1) Amyloid β (Aβ 1-40 : SEQ ID NO: 1) Production of resin
342 mg of Fmoc-Val resin (amine content 0.73 mmol / g resin) was set in an A433 type automatic peptide synthesizer manufactured by PerkinElmer Applied Biosystems, and Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Gly -OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Met-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Ile-OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH , Fmoc-Lys (Boc) -OH, Fmoc-Asn (Trt) -OH, Fmoc-Ser (tBu) -OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Asp (OtBu) -OH, Fmoc -Glu (OtBu) -OH, Fmoc-Ala- H, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Leu-OH, Fmoc-Lys (Boc) -OH, Fmoc-Gln (Trt) -OH, Fmoc-His (Trt) -OH, Fmoc-His (Trt) -OH, Fmoc-Val-OH, Fmoc-Glu (OtBu) -OH, Fmoc-Tyr (tBu) -OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-Ser (tBu) -OH , Fmoc-Asp (OtBu) -OH, Fmoc-His (Trt) -OH, Fmoc-Arg (Pmc) -OH, Fmoc-Phe-OH, Fmoc-Glu (OtBu) -OH, Fmoc-Ala-OH, Fmoc -Asp (OtBu) -OH is supplied and HBTU [2- (1H-Benzotriazo e-1-yl) -1,1,3,3, -tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate] and is engaged sequentially condensed as a condensation agent above side chain protecting amyloid beta (A [beta] 1-40 ) 1.515 g of resin was obtained.
[0024]
(2) Trifluoroacetic acid treatment
Side chain protected amyloid β (Aβ obtained in (1) above 1-40 ) 304 mg of the resin was collected, and 0.75 ml of phenol, 0.5 ml of thioanisole, 8.25 ml of trifluoroacetic acid, 0.25 ml of ethanedithiol, and 0.5 ml of distilled water were added thereto, followed by cooling with ice for 5 minutes, And allowed to react at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, 200 ml of ice-cooled diethyl ether was added to precipitate the peptide. The entire contents were collected by filtration with a glass filter, washed with cold diethyl ether, extracted with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (about 200 ml) containing 35% acetonitrile, and H-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe. -Arg-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-Glu-Asp-Val-Gly-Ser-Asn-Lys-Gly 191 mg of a crude peptide represented by -Ala-Ile-Ile-Gly-Leu-Met-Val-Gly-Gly-Val-Val-OH was obtained.
[0025]
(3) Purification of peptide
HPLC using a reverse phase column (inner diameter 2 cm, length 25 cm) in which this crude peptide was dissolved in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (40 ml) containing 35% acetonitrile and ODS (octadecylsilane) was bound to silica. Purified by Elution was performed by linearly increasing the acetonitrile concentration from 22% to 42% in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid over 20 minutes. The yield of the purified product was 35 mg. The structure of this substance was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Measured value [M + H] +4330.99, calculated value (C 194 H 295 N 53 O 58 S 1 + H) 4330.89.
[0026]
(4) Preparation of liquid containing self-associating amyloid β protein
Place 0.4 μmol of the amyloid β protein purified in (3) above into a 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube, add 532 μl of ultrapure water and 532 μl of PBS (manufactured by SIGMA) sequentially, and add the amyloid β protein. It was completely dissolved. The Eppendorf tube containing the aqueous amyloid β protein solution was attached to a duck rotor (TAITEC, rotor: RT50) and rotated at 37 ° C. at a speed of 35 rpm for 7 days.
[0027]
Example 2: Assay of toxicity of liquid containing self-associating amyloid β protein
(1) Preparation of primary cultured cells
Primary cultured cells were prepared by dispersive culture from the forebrain basal area of rat 18-day fetuses (2 abdomen). The primary cultured cells were cultured in a 24-well plastic cell culture plate coated with polyerlysine (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque). The coating was performed by immersing the culture plate in a polyerlysine solution of 0.5 mg polyerlysine / 1 ml 0.15 M borate buffer (pH 8.3) overnight, washing with sterilized purified water, and air drying. The primary cultured cells are 3 × 10 3 relative to the bottom area of one well of the culture plate. Five cells / cm 2 5% fetal bovine serum (manufactured by Hyclone) / 5% horse serum (manufactured by Lifetech Oriental) 1 mM Pyruvate / 50 μg / ml Gentaminin (manufactured by Lifetech Oriental) / DMEM high glucose medium ( Life Tech Oriental Co., Ltd.). Culture is at 37 ° C, 10% CO 2 I went there for 4 days.
[0028]
(2) Addition of self-associated amyloid β protein
For the primary cultured cells obtained in (1) above, the culture solution was B27 (Lifetech Oriental), Neurobasal (Lifetech Oriental), 0.5 mM L-Glutamine, 50 μg / ml Gentamin (Lifetech Oriental) Made) Medium was replaced with 0.5 ml / well. After medium change, 37 ° C, 10% CO 2 Incubated further for 3 days. For this cultured cell, the self-association amyloid β protein-containing solution obtained in Example 1 was added at a final amyloid β protein concentration of 1, 2, 5, 10 μM / well, and PBS / H as a control. 2 O was added to each extracellular solution in an equal volume of 2 wells. After addition, 37 ° C, 10% CO 2 Incubated for 16 hours.
[0029]
(3) MTT activity measurement
TritonX-100 was added to one of the two wells to which the self-association-type amyloid β protein-containing solution was not added in the above (2) so that the final concentration was 0.1%. 2 Incubated for 10 minutes. In this way, the medium was removed from a total of 6 wells: 4 wells to which the toxic amyloid β protein-containing solution was added, 1 well for control, and 1 well to which Triton X-100 was added to kill the cultured cells in the wells. 250 μg MTT (Sigma) / PBS 50 μl was injected. These are 37 ° C., 10% CO 2 After culturing for 3 hours, 20% SDS (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque), 50% DMF (dimethylformamide) pH 3.5 / H 2 50 μl of O was added. This is further maintained at 37 ° C., 10% CO 2 Allowed to stand for 2 hours in order to completely thaw the cells. The absorbance at 570 nm was measured for the cell lysate in each well. With respect to the absorbance at 570 nm, FIG. 1 (white circle) shows the result of a value obtained by subtracting from the values in the other wells using the value in the well in which all cells were killed by adding Triton X-100 as the background.
[0030]
Example 3: Assay for toxicity of amyloid β protein-containing solution prepared without rotating an amyloid β protein aqueous solution
After solubilizing amyloid β protein, the same experiment as in Example 2 was performed except that the amyloid β protein-containing solution prepared without adding rotation was used. The results are shown in FIG. 1 (black square). From the comparison with the results obtained in Example 2, the toxicity having an activity of inducing cell death in neural cells only when the amyloid β protein was solubilized and then rotated to prepare a self-associating amyloid β protein. It was revealed that amyloid β protein can be prepared.
[0031]
Example 4: Assay of persistence of toxicity of a liquid containing a self-associating amyloid β protein
The self-association type amyloid β protein-containing liquid prepared in Examples 1 and 3 was allowed to stand at 4 ° C. for 7 to 14 days after preparation. These amyloid β protein-containing solutions were assayed for toxicity in the same manner as in Example 2 above. An amyloid β protein-containing solution was added to each extracellular fluid of primary cultured cells prepared from the forebrain basal area of rat 18-day fetus by dispersion culture so that the final concentration was 5 μM. After addition, 37 ° C, 10% CO 2 After culturing for 16 hours in the medium, the MTT activity was measured as described in Example 2 (3) above. The results are shown in FIG. From the above results, it is clear that, after solubilizing amyloid β protein, the activity of inducing cell death in neuronal cells is retained for 14 days only when the container is rotated to prepare self-associating amyloid β protein. Became.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
The self-associating amyloid β protein of the present invention has the same strong toxicity as that of the toxic amyloid β protein present in the living body of Alzheimer's disease patients, and has the property of maintaining the toxicity. Therefore, by adding the self-associated amyloid β protein of the present invention to a culture solution of nervous system cells or nervous system organs, neuronal cell death induced in vivo can be faithfully reproduced in vitro. In addition, by using the self-associating amyloid β protein of the present invention, it is possible to screen for substances having an action of suppressing cell death of nervous system cells.
[0033]
[Sequence Listing]
Figure 0004227275

[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows that the self-association amyloid β protein prepared by the method of the present invention has high toxicity that induces cell death in nervous system cells. In the figure, white circles indicate the results for the self-association amyloid β protein of the present invention, and black four strokes indicate the results for the amyloid β protein solution prepared without rotating the amyloid β protein solution.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in toxicity when the self-associated amyloid β protein prepared by the method of the present invention is stored.

Claims (5)

自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質の製造方法であって、アミロイドβ蛋白質を含む水溶液を対流させる工程を含む方法。 A method for producing a self-associating amyloid β protein, comprising a step of convection with an aqueous solution containing amyloid β protein. 上記水溶液を含む容器を回転させる工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。The method according to claim 1 , comprising rotating the container containing the aqueous solution. 前記工程が回転培養器を用いて行われる請求項2に記載の方法。The method according to claim 2, wherein the step is performed using a rotary incubator. 回転が5〜50rpmで4時間〜7日間行われる請求項2又は3に記載の方法。The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the rotation is performed at 5 to 50 rpm for 4 hours to 7 days. 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の方法により得られた自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質を用意する工程および得られた自己会合型アミロイドβ蛋白質をインビトロで神経系細胞に添加する工程を含む神経系細胞の細胞死を誘発する方法。 A step of preparing a self- associated amyloid β protein obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a step of adding the obtained self-associated amyloid β protein to a nervous system cell in vitro. A method of inducing cell death of nervous system cells .
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