JP4221787B2 - Condensing structure of condenser lens - Google Patents

Condensing structure of condenser lens Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4221787B2
JP4221787B2 JP29803298A JP29803298A JP4221787B2 JP 4221787 B2 JP4221787 B2 JP 4221787B2 JP 29803298 A JP29803298 A JP 29803298A JP 29803298 A JP29803298 A JP 29803298A JP 4221787 B2 JP4221787 B2 JP 4221787B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
condenser lens
optical unit
locking
leaf spring
base portion
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JP29803298A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000121900A (en
Inventor
修 大賀
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Fujitsu General Ltd
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Fujitsu General Ltd
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、液晶プロジェクタ等のコンデンサレンズを光学ユニットに簡単に精度良く係着できるコンデンサレンズの係着構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
液晶プロジェクタの多くの光学部品を保持する光学ユニット等では、ベース部とトップ部の２ピースから構成して、このベース部とトップ部の間にコンデンサレンズ等の光学部品を挟着する形で保持する構造が一般的である。そして、コンデンサレンズ等を所定の位置に係着するために、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたレンズの円周に合わせた溝にレンズを落とし込み、その溝の横部及び光学ユニットのトップ部に設けた基準面に、ベース部及びトップ部の基準面に対向して設けたバネにより押圧する構造としていた。しかし、このような構造では、光学ユニットのベース部に設けるレンズの円周に合わせた溝は、円周状の溝のために寸法の測定等が困難で、製作精度も高くできない。そのため、レンズのＸ−Ｙ方向の位置精度が悪くなる。また、光学ユニットのベース部とトップ部の双方に基準面を設けているため、ベース部とトップ部の勘合の状態等によって煽り角方向の誤差を生じ易いなどの問題があった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記問題点に鑑みなされたもので、液晶プロジェクタ等のコンデンサレンズを、光学ユニットに簡単に精度良く係着できる手段を提供することを目的とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
液晶プロジェクタの光学系を保持する光学ユニット等の、ベース部とトップ部からなる光学ユニットにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係着するコンデンサレンズの係着構造において、光学ユニットのベース部にのみにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係止する複数の係止部を設け、光学ユニットのトップ部に備えた弾性体によりコンデンサレンズを押圧して各係止部のそれぞれに当接して、コンデンサレンズを光学ユニットの所定の位置に係着する構造とする。
【０００５】
前記複数の係止部の中のＸ−Ｙ方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたＸ−Ｙ面内で上方に開いたＶ字溝の一部分とし、光学ユニットのトップ部に設けた下方に押圧する弾性体によりコンデンサレンズの外周部をそのＶ字溝の一部分の斜面に当接させる構造とする。
【０００６】
前記Ｖ字溝は、略６０度の開角とする。
【０００７】
前記複数の係止部の中のＺ軸方向及び煽り角方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたコンデンサレンズの底部の一方の面である入射面若しくは出射面に当接する１つの係止部と、コンデンサレンズの両横部の他方の面である出射面若しくは入射面に当接する２つの係止部とし、コンデンサレンズの上部に設けたバネにより一方の面の入射面若しくは出射面を他方の面方向に押圧してコンデンサレンズの底部及び横部をそれぞれ前記係止部に当接させる構造とする。
【０００８】
前記複数の係止部の中のＸ−Ｙ方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたＸ−Ｙ面内で上方に開いたＶ字溝の一部分とし、前記複数の係止部の中のＺ軸方向及び煽り角方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたコンデンサレンズの底部の一方の面である入射面若しくは出射面に当接する１つの係止部と、コンデンサレンズの両横部の他方の面の出射面若しくは入射面に当接する２つの係止部とし、コンデンサレンズの上部に設けた１つの弾性体により下方に押圧するとともに、一方の面の入射面若しくは出射面を他方の面方向に押圧して、コンデンサレンズの外周部をＶ字溝の斜面に当接させるとともにコンデンサレンズの底部及び横部をそれぞれ係止部に当接させる構造とする。
【０００９】
前記弾性体は、略コ字状若しくはＣ字状に曲げた板バネと、その板バネのコ字状若しくはＣ字状の背部から外側に延びる舌状板バネを１体としたものとする。
【００１０】
前記略コ字状若しくはＣ字状の板バネの両端部にさらに小さなコ字状の係止部を設け、光学ユニットのトップ部に開口した略長方形状の透孔の上部から、その板バネを湾曲して挿入し、透孔の端部に係止できる構造とする。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施の形態について、図を用いて説明する。図１は、本発明によるコンデンサレンズの係着構造を示す光学ユニットのコンデンサレンズ係着部分の（Ａ）正面図（Ｘ−Ｙ平面）、（Ｂ）側断面図（同図ｃ−ｃ断面、Ｚ軸を含む面）の概念図である。液晶プロジェクタの光学系を保持する光学ユニットとしてベース部１とトップ部２の２ピースから構成する。光学ユニットのベース部１にのみにコンデンサレンズ３を所定の位置に係止する複数の係止部４、５、６を設けて、光学ユニットのトップ部２に備えた弾性体であるバネ７でコンデンサレンズ３を押圧して各係止部４、５、６のそれぞれに当接して、コンデンサレンズ３を光学ユニットの所定の位置に係着する構造とする。このような係着構造では、コンデンサレンズ３が光学ユニットのベース部１だけで位置決めされるために、ベース部１とトップ部２の組立時の相対精度にかかわらず簡単に精度良く係着できる。
【００１２】
複数の係止部４、５、６の中のＸ−Ｙ方向の係止部４としては、例えば光学ユニットのベース部１に設けたＸ−Ｙ面内で上方に開いたＶ字溝の一部分とする。Ｖ字溝の一部分となる係止部４に、コンデンサレンズ３の外周部を乗せて、光学ユニットのトップ部２に設けたバネ７の下方に押圧するコ字状若しくはＣ字状の背部７ａの部分でコンデンサレンズ３の外周部を、Ｖ字溝の一部分からなる係止部４の斜面部４ｐに当接させる構造とする。これにより、コンデンサレンズ３のＸ−Ｙ面内での位置が精度良く決定できる。なお、Ｖ字溝の開角Ｔは、略６０度とすることで、コンデンサレンズ３をＸ−Ｙ方向で係着する係止部４の２つの斜面部４ｐおよびバネ７の背部７ａのそれぞれにコンデンサレンズ３の中心から降ろした線Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｌ３の開角がそれぞれ１２０度となり、コンデンサレンズ３を安定にＸ−Ｙ面内で係着できる。
【００１３】
複数の係止部４、５、６の中のＺ軸方向及び煽り角方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部１に設けたコンデンサレンズ３の底部の一方の面である出射面３ｂに当接する１つの係止部５と、コンデンサレンズ３の両横部の他方の面である入射面３ａに当接する２つの係止部６、６とする。コンデンサレンズ３の上部に設けた舌状のバネ７ｂで、コンデンサレンズ３の出射面を入射面方向に押圧して、コンデンサレンズ３の底部及び横部をそれぞれ係止部５および係止部６に当接させる構造とする。この構造により、コンデンサレンズ３のＺ軸方向及び煽り角方向の位置決めがベース部１とトップ部２の相対位置精度に関係無く、コンデンサレンズ３を精度よく光学ユニットに係着できる。
【００１４】
上記、コンデンサレンズ３を係止部４と、係止部５、６にそれぞれ押圧するバネは、それぞれ独立してトップ部２に係止するバネで構成することができる（図示せず）。または、コンデンサレンズ３の上部に設けた１つのバネで構成して、部品点数を削減し、製造や部品管理等の手間を削減することもできる。この場合には、例えば図１に示すように、１つのバネは、略コ字状若しくはＣ字状に曲げた板バネ７の背部７ａでコンデンサレンズ３を係止部４に押圧し、その板バネ７のコ字状若しくはＣ字状の背部７ａから外側に延びる舌状の板バネ７ｂのような構造とすることができる。
【００１５】
略コ字状若しくはＣ字状の板バネ７の両端部に、さらに小さなコ字状の係止部７ｃを設ける。また、光学ユニットのトップ部２のコンデンサレンズ３の上部には、略長方形状の透孔２ａを開口する。トップ部２の透孔２ａの上部から、板バネ７を湾曲させて挿入し、透孔２ａの端部にコ字状の係止部７ｃで係止できる構造とする。このような板バネ７の係止構造とすると、板バネ７を光学ユニットに係止する手間がさらに低減できるようになる。
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、液晶プロジェクタの光学系を保持する光学ユニット等の、ベース部とトップ部からなる光学ユニットにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係着するコンデンサレンズの係着構造において、光学ユニットのベース部にのみにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係止する複数の係止部を設け、光学ユニットのトップ部に備えた弾性体によりコンデンサレンズを押圧して各係止部のそれぞれに当接して、コンデンサレンズを光学ユニットの所定の位置に係着する構造とすることにより、トップ部の寸法精度やベース部との勘合精度等にかかわらず、液晶プロジェクタ等のコンデンサレンズを、光学ユニットに簡単に精度良く係着できることとなる。また、コンデンサレンズを係止部に押圧するバネの長さは自由に選べ設計の自由度が広くなとともに、バネを１体とすることも可能で経済的となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明によるコンデンサレンズの係着構造を示す光学ユニットのコンデンサレンズ係着部分の（Ａ）正面図（Ｘ−Ｙ平面）、（Ｂ）側断面図（同図ｃ−ｃ断面、Ｚ軸を含む面）の概念図である。
【符号の説明】
１ ベース部
２ トップ部
３ コンデンサレンズ
３ａ 入射面
３ｂ 出射面
４ 係止部
５ 係止部
６ 係止部
７ 板バネ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a condensing structure of a condenser lens that can easily and accurately attach a condenser lens such as a liquid crystal projector to an optical unit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An optical unit or the like that holds many optical components of a liquid crystal projector is composed of two pieces, a base portion and a top portion, and is held by sandwiching optical components such as a condenser lens between the base portion and the top portion. The structure to do is common. Then, in order to engage the condenser lens or the like at a predetermined position, the lens is dropped into a groove that matches the circumference of the lens provided in the base part of the optical unit, and is provided in the lateral part of the groove and the top part of the optical unit. The reference surface is pressed by a spring provided facing the reference surface of the base portion and the top portion. However, in such a structure, the groove formed on the circumference of the lens provided in the base portion of the optical unit is difficult to measure the dimensions because of the circumferential groove, and the manufacturing accuracy cannot be increased. Therefore, the positional accuracy of the lens in the XY direction is deteriorated. Further, since the reference surfaces are provided on both the base portion and the top portion of the optical unit, there is a problem that an error in the tilt angle direction is likely to occur depending on the fitting state of the base portion and the top portion.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide means for easily and accurately engaging a condenser lens such as a liquid crystal projector to an optical unit.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In an attachment structure of a condenser lens that attaches a condenser lens to a predetermined position on an optical unit comprising a base portion and a top portion, such as an optical unit that holds an optical system of a liquid crystal projector, a condenser is provided only on the base portion of the optical unit. A plurality of locking portions for locking the lens at a predetermined position are provided, and the condenser lens is pressed by an elastic body provided at the top portion of the optical unit and brought into contact with each of the locking portions, so that the condenser lens is attached to the optical unit. The structure is fixed to a predetermined position.
[0005]
The locking portion in the XY direction among the plurality of locking portions is a part of a V-shaped groove opened upward in the XY plane provided in the base portion of the optical unit, and is formed on the top portion of the optical unit. The outer peripheral portion of the condenser lens is brought into contact with the slope of a part of the V-shaped groove by the provided elastic body that presses downward.
[0006]
The V-shaped groove has an opening angle of about 60 degrees.
[0007]
Among the plurality of locking portions, the locking portion in the Z-axis direction and the turning angle direction is one that abuts against an incident surface or an output surface that is one surface of the bottom portion of the condenser lens provided on the base portion of the optical unit. The engaging portion and the two engaging portions that come into contact with the exit surface or the incident surface, which is the other surface of both sides of the condenser lens, and the incident surface or the exit surface of one surface by a spring provided on the top of the condenser lens Is pressed in the direction of the other surface so that the bottom portion and the lateral portion of the condenser lens are brought into contact with the engaging portion, respectively.
[0008]
The locking portions in the XY direction among the plurality of locking portions are a part of V-shaped grooves opened upward in the XY plane provided in the base portion of the optical unit, and the plurality of locking portions The locking portion in the Z-axis direction and the turning angle direction is one locking portion that comes into contact with the incident surface or the emitting surface, which is one of the bottom surfaces of the condenser lens provided on the base portion of the optical unit, and the condenser Two engaging portions that contact the exit surface or the incident surface of the other side of both sides of the lens are pressed downward by one elastic body provided on the upper part of the condenser lens, and the incident surface of one surface or The output surface is pressed in the direction of the other surface so that the outer peripheral portion of the condenser lens is brought into contact with the inclined surface of the V-shaped groove and the bottom portion and the lateral portion of the condenser lens are brought into contact with the engaging portions.
[0009]
The elastic body includes a leaf spring bent in a substantially U-shape or C-shape and a tongue-like leaf spring extending outward from a U-shape or C-shape back portion of the leaf spring.
[0010]
Smaller U-shaped engaging portions are provided at both ends of the substantially U-shaped or C-shaped leaf spring, and the leaf spring is moved from the upper portion of the substantially rectangular through hole opened at the top portion of the optical unit. A structure that can be bent and inserted and locked to the end of the through hole.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1A is a front view (XY plane) of a condenser lens engaging portion of an optical unit showing an engaging structure of a condenser lens according to the present invention, and FIG. It is a conceptual diagram of a surface including the Z axis. As an optical unit for holding the optical system of the liquid crystal projector, the optical unit is composed of a base part 1 and a top part 2. A plurality of locking portions 4, 5, 6 for locking the condenser lens 3 at a predetermined position are provided only on the base portion 1 of the optical unit, and a spring 7 that is an elastic body provided in the top portion 2 of the optical unit. The condenser lens 3 is pressed and brought into contact with each of the locking portions 4, 5, 6, and the condenser lens 3 is engaged with a predetermined position of the optical unit. In such a fastening structure, the condenser lens 3 is positioned only by the base portion 1 of the optical unit, so that it can be easily and accurately engaged regardless of the relative accuracy when the base portion 1 and the top portion 2 are assembled.
[0012]
As the locking part 4 in the XY direction among the plurality of locking parts 4, 5, 6, for example, a part of the V-shaped groove opened upward in the XY plane provided in the base part 1 of the optical unit And The outer periphery of the condenser lens 3 is placed on the engaging portion 4 which is a part of the V-shaped groove, and the U-shaped or C-shaped back portion 7a is pressed below the spring 7 provided on the top portion 2 of the optical unit. The outer peripheral portion of the condenser lens 3 is configured to be in contact with the inclined surface portion 4p of the locking portion 4 formed of a part of the V-shaped groove. Thereby, the position in the XY plane of the condenser lens 3 can be determined with high accuracy. In addition, the opening angle T of the V-shaped groove is set to approximately 60 degrees, so that each of the two slope portions 4p of the locking portion 4 and the back portion 7a of the spring 7 that engage the condenser lens 3 in the XY direction. The opening angles of the lines L1, L2, and L3 dropped from the center of the condenser lens 3 are each 120 degrees, and the condenser lens 3 can be stably attached in the XY plane.
[0013]
Among the plurality of locking portions 4, 5, 6, the locking portion in the Z-axis direction and the turning angle direction is formed on the emission surface 3 b that is one surface of the bottom of the condenser lens 3 provided on the base portion 1 of the optical unit. It is assumed that there is one locking portion 5 that makes contact and two locking portions 6 and 6 that make contact with the incident surface 3a that is the other surface of both lateral portions of the condenser lens 3. A tongue-shaped spring 7b provided on the upper part of the condenser lens 3 presses the exit surface of the condenser lens 3 in the direction of the incident surface, and the bottom and the lateral part of the condenser lens 3 are brought into the locking part 5 and the locking part 6, respectively. The structure is abutting. With this structure, the condenser lens 3 can be accurately attached to the optical unit regardless of the relative position accuracy of the base portion 1 and the top portion 2 when the condenser lens 3 is positioned in the Z-axis direction and the turning angle direction.
[0014]
The springs that press the condenser lens 3 against the locking portion 4 and the locking portions 5 and 6 can be configured by springs that are independently locked to the top portion 2 (not shown). Alternatively, it can be configured by a single spring provided on the upper part of the condenser lens 3 to reduce the number of parts, thereby reducing the labor of manufacturing, parts management, and the like. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, one spring presses the condenser lens 3 against the engaging portion 4 with a back portion 7a of a leaf spring 7 bent into a substantially U shape or C shape, and the plate A structure like a tongue-shaped leaf spring 7b extending outward from the U-shaped or C-shaped back portion 7a of the spring 7 can be employed.
[0015]
Smaller U-shaped locking portions 7 c are provided at both ends of the substantially U-shaped or C-shaped leaf spring 7. In addition, a substantially rectangular through hole 2a is opened above the condenser lens 3 of the top portion 2 of the optical unit. The plate spring 7 is bent and inserted from the upper part of the through hole 2a of the top part 2 so that the end of the through hole 2a can be locked by a U-shaped locking part 7c. With such a locking structure of the leaf spring 7, the trouble of locking the leaf spring 7 to the optical unit can be further reduced.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the attachment structure of the condenser lens that attaches the condenser lens to a predetermined position on the optical unit composed of the base portion and the top portion, such as an optical unit that holds the optical system of the liquid crystal projector, the optical unit A plurality of locking portions for locking the condenser lens at a predetermined position are provided only on the base portion of the optical unit, and the condenser lens is pressed by an elastic body provided on the top portion of the optical unit so as to contact each of the locking portions. In addition, by adopting a structure in which the condenser lens is fixed to a predetermined position of the optical unit, the condenser lens such as a liquid crystal projector can be easily attached to the optical unit regardless of the dimensional accuracy of the top portion or the fitting accuracy with the base portion. Can be engaged with high accuracy. Further, the length of the spring that presses the condenser lens against the engaging portion can be freely selected, so that the degree of freedom of design is wide and it is possible to make the spring as one body, which is economical.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A is a front view (XY plane) and FIG. 1B is a side cross-sectional view (cross-section cc of FIG. 1) of a condenser lens engaging portion of an optical unit showing an engaging structure of a condenser lens according to the present invention; It is a conceptual diagram of a surface including the Z axis.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base part 2 Top part 3 Condenser lens 3a Incident surface 3b Output surface 4 Locking part 5 Locking part 6 Locking part 7 Leaf spring

Claims (5)

ベース部とトップ部からなるプロジェクタの光学ユニットにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係着するコンデンサレンズの係着構造において、光学ユニットのベース部にのみにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係止する複数の係止部を設け、前記複数の係止部の中のＸ−Ｙ方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたＸ−Ｙ面内で上方に開いたＶ字溝の一部分とし、光学ユニットのトップ部に設けた下方に押圧する弾性体によりコンデンサレンズの外周部をそのＶ字溝の一部分の斜面に当接させて、コンデンサレンズを光学ユニットの所定の位置に係着する構造とすることを特徴としたコンデンサレンズの係着構造。 The optical unit of the projector consisting of base over scan portion and a top portion in the engaging structure of the condenser lens which engaged the condenser lens in place, locking the condenser lens in place only in the base portion of the optical unit A plurality of locking portions are provided, and the locking portion in the XY direction among the plurality of locking portions is a part of a V-shaped groove opened upward in the XY plane provided in the base portion of the optical unit. The condenser lens is engaged with a predetermined position of the optical unit by bringing the outer peripheral portion of the condenser lens into contact with the inclined surface of a part of the V-shaped groove by an elastic body pressing downward on the top portion of the optical unit. A condenser lens mounting structure characterized by a structure. 前記Ｖ字溝は、略６０度の開角とすることを特徴とした請求項１記載のコンデンサレンズの係着構造。The V-groove, engaging structure of the condenser lens of claim 1 wherein characterized in that the opening angle of substantially 60 degrees. ベース部とトップ部からなるプロジェクタの光学ユニットにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係着するコンデンサレンズの係着構造において、光学ユニットのベース部にのみにコンデンサレンズを所定の位置に係止する複数の係止部を設け、前記複数の係止部の中のＸ−Ｙ方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたＸ−Ｙ面内で上方に開いたＶ字溝の一部分とし、前記複数の係止部の中のＺ軸方向及び煽り角方向の係止部は、光学ユニットのベース部に設けたコンデンサレンズの底部の一方の面である入射面若しくは出射面に当接する１つの係止部と、コンデンサレンズの両横部の他方の面の出射面若しくは入射面に当接する２つの係止部とし、コンデンサレンズの上部に設けた１つの弾性体により下方に押圧するとともに、一方の面の入射面若しくは出射面を他方の面方向に押圧して、コンデンサレンズの外周部をＶ字溝の斜面に当接させるとともにコンデンサレンズの底部及び横部をそれぞれ係止部に当接させて、コンデンサレンズを光学ユニットの所定の位置に係着する構造とすることを特徴としたコンデンサレンズの係着構造。 In a condenser lens engaging structure in which a condenser lens is attached to a predetermined position on an optical unit of a projector that includes a base portion and a top portion, a plurality of portions that lock the condenser lens at a predetermined position only on the base portion of the optical unit. A locking portion is provided, and the locking portion in the XY direction among the plurality of locking portions is a part of a V-shaped groove opened upward in the XY plane provided in the base portion of the optical unit, Among the plurality of locking portions, the locking portion in the Z-axis direction and the turning angle direction is one that abuts against an incident surface or an output surface that is one surface of the bottom portion of the condenser lens provided on the base portion of the optical unit. The locking part and two locking parts that come into contact with the exit surface or the incident surface of the other side of both sides of the condenser lens are pressed downward by one elastic body provided on the top of the condenser lens, of Presses the incidence surface or emission surface on the other side direction, is abutted the bottom and lateral portion of the condenser lens, each locking portion is brought into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the condenser lens on the slopes of the V-grooves, A condensing structure for a condenser lens, wherein the condensing lens is structured to be engaged with a predetermined position of the optical unit. 前記弾性体は、略コ字状若しくはＣ字状に曲げた板バネと、その板バネのコ字状若しくはＣ字状の背部から外側に延びる舌状板バネを１体としたものとすることを特徴とした請求項３記載のコンデンサレンズの係着構造。The elastic body includes a leaf spring bent into a substantially U-shape or C-shape and a tongue-like leaf spring extending outward from the U-shape or C-shape back of the leaf spring. 4. The structure for fastening a condenser lens according to claim 3, wherein: 前記略コ字状若しくはＣ字状の板バネの両端部にさらに小さなコ字状の係止部を設け、光学ユニットのトップ部に開口した略長方形状の透孔の上部から、その板バネを湾曲して挿入し、透孔の端部に係止できる構造とすることを特徴とした請求項４記載のコンデンサレンズの係着構造。 Smaller U-shaped engaging portions are provided at both ends of the substantially U-shaped or C-shaped leaf spring, and the leaf spring is moved from the upper portion of the substantially rectangular through hole opened at the top portion of the optical unit. 5. The condenser lens fixing structure according to claim 4 , wherein the condenser lens is inserted in a curved shape and can be engaged with an end portion of the through hole.
JP29803298A 1998-10-20 1998-10-20 Condensing structure of condenser lens Expired - Fee Related JP4221787B2 (en)

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