JP4211313B2 - Fluorine-based surfactant composition - Google Patents
Fluorine-based surfactant composition Download PDFInfo
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- fluorine
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、印刷材料、感光性材料、写真材料、塗料、接着剤、表面機能性保護膜形成材料、洗浄剤、光学材料、離型剤等の各種コーティング材料、自動車、船舶、車両、航空機、建材、家電、OA機器、電気・電子機器、通信機器、光学部材、電線・配線材料、各種工業用部品等の成形材料、グリース、各種封止材料等の組成物に適用し、浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性、表面機能性を高めるのに好適なフッ素系界面活性剤組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フッ素系界面活性剤は、その表面張力低下能力の高さに基づき、炭化水素系やシリコン系界面活性剤に比較し、添加されたコーティング用、成形用等の組成物に対して優れた浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性等を実現する材料であり、これまでにも各種フッ素系界面活性剤が提案されてきた。フッ素系界面活性剤による界面活性効果を実現する源であるパーフルオロアルキル(Rf)基の製造方法には、電解フッ素化法、テロメリゼーション法、オリゴメリゼーション法等が挙げられ、何れの方法を用いてもRf基鎖長の異なる界面活性剤を製造することが可能である。
【0003】
この中で最近、電解フッ素化法により製造されたフッ素系界面活性剤のうち、Rf基鎖長が8のものは、毒性は低いものの生体蓄積性が高いため、各種工業材料としても敬遠される様になってきた。また、Rf基鎖長が7以下のもののみで構成された界面活性剤は、界面活性効果の低さは否めずその用途が限定されてきた。
【0004】
一方、テロメリゼーション法により製造されたフッ素系界面活性剤のRf基は、四フッ化エチレンの付加反応により製造されるため、通常Rf基鎖長に分布を生じる。即ち、界面活性剤として有用なRf基鎖長を得ようとすると、必然的にそれよりも短鎖および長鎖のものが生成する。目的とする鎖長あるいは鎖長分布よりも、短鎖のものが多く生じると界面活性効果が低下し、長鎖のものが生じると添加される組成物に対する溶解性が低下し、その結果加工作業性を低下させることも少なくなかった。
【0005】
また、これらの問題点を改良するために、単一鎖長からなるRf基をもつフッ素系界面活性剤も市販されており、一部用途には適用されているが、用途、目的によっては、浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性等の界面活性効果と添加される組成物に対する溶解性を満足する十分なものは得られていなかった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、界面活性効果が高く、溶解性が良好なフッ素系界面活性剤組成物を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決する手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討したところ、界面活性剤としてRf基鎖長の分布幅が狭いフッ素系化合物、つまり、一定以上の純度を有するフッ素系化合物を、Rf基鎖長が異なる組み合わせで2種類以上含有させることにより、界面活性効果が高く、溶解性が良好なフッ素系界面活性剤組成物が得られること等を見出し、本発明をなすに至った。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は、界面活性剤としてF(CF2)2nCH2CH2−(nは1〜10の整数を示す。)にて表わされる部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物を2種以上含有するフッ素系界面活性剤組成物であって、該2種以上のフッ素系化合物がそれぞれnの異なる部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物であり、全フッ素系化合物中におけるn≧5の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の合計の含有率が5重量%以下であり、全フッ素系化合物中におけるn=1の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の含有率が5重量%以下であり、かつ前記n=2の部分フッ素化アルキル基を含有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物、前記n=3の部分フッ素化アルキル基を含有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物および前記n=4の部分フッ素化アルキル基を含有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物を含有し、その重量比〔(n=2)/(n=3)/(n=4)〕が(5〜50)/(5〜85)/(10〜90)であることを特徴とするフッ素系界面活性剤組成物を提供するものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明について詳細に説明する。
通常テロメリゼーション法では、パーフルオロブチルアイオダイドに対して四フッ化エチレンを付加して、Rf基鎖長を伸長する。その後、エチレンを付加したパーフルオロエチルアイオダイドとし、これを出発原料とすることにより各種界面活性剤用フッ素系化合物の合成が可能である。従って、テロメリゼーション法にて製造された界面活性剤用フッ素系化合物の多くは、F(CF2)2nCH2CH2−で表わされる部分フッ素化アルキル基を有することになる。
【0010】
本発明者等の知見によれば、浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性等の界面活性効果と、樹脂、溶剤および各種添加剤等の添加されるべき組成物への溶解性を兼備させるためには、F(CF2)2nCH2CH2−で表わされる部分フッ素化アルキル基中のnは目的とする組成物、これらの性能のレベル、加工工程等により異なる。
【0011】
そこで、目的とする組成物、性能、加工工程等に応じて、nの異なる部分フッ素化アルキル基〔F(CF2)2nCH2CH2−(nは1〜10の整数を示す。)〕を有する純度が85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物を2種以上含有させることことが、界面活性効果と組成物への溶解性を兼備させるためには極めて有効であることを見出した。ここで、フッ素系化合物の純度は、通常ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)法により測定する。また、GC法では検出できない化合物である場合には、部分フッ素化アルキル基以外の部分、例えば後記する一般式(1)にて表されるフッ素系化合物における2価の連結基Xおよび/または親媒基Yを化学修飾した後、GC法を用いて行う。また、高速液体クロマトグラフィー法、キャピラリー電気泳動法等のその他の各種クロマトグラフィー法、質量分析法等を用いて測定しても良い。該フッ素系化合物の純度は、95重量%以上であることが好ましく、98重量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
【0012】
尚、本発明におけるフッ素系化合物の純度とは、F(CF2)2nCH2CH2−で表わされる部分フッ素化アルキル基中のnの分布による違いのみを指し、製造方法によって必然的に副生するその他の化合物は、この純度の算出に含めない。例えば、後記する合成例1では、純度98.6重量%のn=8の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物を合成しているが、その具体的組成は部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長(n)が4〜12のものの混合物であり、それらの重量比は、(n=4)/(n=6)/(n=8)/(n=10)/(n=12)=0/0.2/0.5/98.6/0.6/0.1(GC分析値)である。
【0013】
また、本発明で用いるフッ素系化合物は、F(CF2)2nCH2CH2−(nは1〜10の整数を示す。)にて表わされる部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物であればよく、該部分フッ素化アルキル基を2個以上有するものであってもよい。従って、本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物は、部分フッ素化アルキル基を1個有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物のみを2種以上含有するもの以外に、部分フッ素化アルキル基を1個有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物と部分フッ素化アルキル基を2個以上有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物を含有するものや、部分フッ素化アルキル基を2個以上有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物のみを2種以上含有するものであってもよい。ただし、いずれの場合でも、nの異なる部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の組み合わせであることが必須である。
【0014】
本発明において、純度が85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物を得る方法には特に制限はない。即ち、素原料であるパーフルオロアイオダイドまたはパーフルオロエチルアイオダイドの段階で精製しても構わないし、これらの化合物より目的とするフッ素系化合物を製造する如何なる工程において精製しても構わない。また、精製する方法にも制限はなく、例えば種々の設備を用いた蒸留、各種溶媒を用いた抽出、シリカ、アルミナ、活性炭、イオン交換樹脂等の各種吸着材を用いたカラムあるいはバッチ処理、洗浄処理等の公知公用の操作を利用することができる。
【0015】
本発明者等の知見によれば、浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性等の界面活性効果と、樹脂、溶剤および各種添加剤等の添加されるべき組成物への溶解性を兼備させるためには、目的、用途、加工工程に応じて、最適なnを有する上記した純度85重量%フッ素系化合物を2種類以上含有させることが必要である。ここで、2種類以上のフッ素系化合物を含有させる際には如何なる方法で混合されても良い。
【0016】
本発明者等の知見によれば、nの異なる部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物を2種類以上含有する本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物において、添加されるべき組成物への溶解性に加え、発泡性の抑制、迅速な消泡性が求められる用途、加工工程である場合、該全フッ素系化合物中におけるn≧5の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の含有率は5重量%以下であれば好ましく、3重量%以下が特に好ましく、1重量%以下が最も好ましい。このように、n≧5の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物をフッ素系界面活性剤組成物中から積極的に除去することにより、目的とする組成物への溶解性が高まり、添加量の許容範囲が広げることができる。また、発泡性の抑制、消泡性の向上も期待でき、多くの加工工程において工程条件を簡略化できたり、工程時間を短縮することが可能である。
【0017】
さらに、より低添加量で効率良く界面活性効果を得るためには、本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物としては、n=1の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の含有率が5重量%以下が好ましく、3重量%以下が特に好ましく、1重量%以下が最も好ましい。目的とする組成物によっては、n=1の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物が5重量%を越えて含有すると、目的とする界面活性効果が得られないばかりか、高添加量にする必要性に迫られ、結果として添加されるべき組成物本来の性能を損ねることもある。このような観点から本発明者等はさらに、部分フッ素化アルキル基の鎖長とその割合を、目的とする組成物に対してより厳密に選択することにより、従来公知の化合物よりも効率的に界面活性効果が得られ、その結果として目的、用途により多岐に亘る加工条件の許容範囲を広げ得ることを見出した。
【0018】
具体的には、微細な基材、領域への浸透・濡れ性、10〜3000nmの薄膜塗工において高度なレベリング性等を得るために高添加量が必要な場合、ライン速度、塗工装置等の制約により発泡性を抑制したい場合等には、添加されるべき組成物に対する溶解性が高く、発泡性が抑制され、消泡性が向上しているものが好ましい。即ち、本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物においてn=2の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の含有率が、25重量%以上であれば好ましく、なかでも、40重量%以上であることがより好ましい。
【0019】
一方、添加されるべき組成物本来の性能を損ないたくない場合、さらには経済的な観点からは、フッ素系界面活性剤組成物の添加量は最小限に留めることが望まれる。このような場合、少量添加であっても効果的に界面活性能を得るために、該フッ素系界面活性剤組成物においてn=4の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の含有率が、25重量%以上であれば好ましく、40重量%以上であることがより好ましく、50重量%以上であることが特に好ましい。
【0020】
また、本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物を用いた2次的な効果として、コーティング、成形等の目的とする加工工程を行った後、該組成物によって形成される皮膜、ペースト、成形体等の表面を機能化することも可能である。このような、加工後に期待できる表面機能性には、撥水撥油性、滑り性、非粘着性、耐水性、防汚性等が挙げられるが、これらを効果的に実現するためには、該フッ素系界面活性剤組成物においてn=4の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系界面活性剤の含有率が、50重量%以上であれば好ましく、なかでも、70重量%以上であることがより好ましい。
【0021】
本発明者等の知見によれば、界面活性効果と添加されるべき化合物への溶解性、更に発泡性の抑制、消泡性の向上について、よりバランスのとれた界面活性剤組成物とするためには、n=2の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85%以上のフッ素系化合物、n=3の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85%以上のフッ素系化合物およびn=4の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85%以上のフッ素系化合物からなる群から選ばれる2種類以上のフッ素系化合物が含有されていることが好ましく、n=2の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85%以上のフッ素系化合物、n=3の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85%以上のフッ素系化合物およびn=4の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物を全て併用することがさらに好ましい。この場合、これらn=2、3および4のフッ素系化合物の混合割合は、重量比[(n=2)/(n=3)/(n=4)]が(5〜50)/(5〜85)/(10〜90)であることが必要であり、(10〜40)/(20〜70)/(25〜80)がさらに好ましい。
【0022】
ところで、上記部分フッ素化アルキル基を含有するフッ素系化合物を、界面活性剤として機能させるためには、下記一般式(1)に示すように同一分子中に樹脂、溶媒等の添加される組成物に対する溶解性を高める親媒基が結合していることが好ましい。
F(CF2)2nCH2CH2XY ・・・・・・・・ (1)
(式中、nは1〜10の整数を示し、Xは直接結合または2価の連結基を示し、Yは親媒基を示す。)
【0023】
ここで、Xが直接結合であれば、部分フッ素化アルキル基に直接親媒基Yが結合することになるが、Yを導入する製造法上、目的とするフッ素系界面活性剤組成物が添加される組成物への相溶性等を考慮すると、2価の連結基を介する場合も少なくない。2価の連結基Xは、目的とするY、添加される組成物に応じて設計されるものであり、特に制限はないが、例示されるものとしては以下の如き化合物が挙げられる。
−SO2NR−(Rは水素、フェニル基または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基)
−O−
−O(CH2)k−(kは1〜8の整数)
−(CH2)k−(kは1〜8の整数)
−CH(OH)(CH2)k(kは1〜8の整数)
−CONR−(Rは水素、フェニル基または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基)
−(OCpH2P+1)q(CH2)k−(pは2〜6の整数、qは1〜100の整数、kは1〜8の整数)
−NR(CH2)k−(Rは水素、フェニル基または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、kは1〜8の整数)
−SO2NR(CH2)k−(Rは水素、フェニル基または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、kは1〜8の整数)
−SO2N(CH2CH2OH)(CH2)k−(kは1〜8の整数)
−SO2NR1(CH2)k1CONR2(CH2)k2−
(R1、R2は共に水素、フェニル基または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、k1、k2は共に1〜8の整数)
−S(CH2)k−(kは1〜8の整数)
−S(CH2)k1CONR(CH2)k2−(Rは水素、フェニル基または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、k1、k2は共に1〜8の整数)
−OCO(CH2)k−(kは1〜8の整数)
【0024】
これらの中で、界面活性剤としての汎用性、製造方法等を考慮すると、2価の連結基Xは直接結合、−SO2NR−(Rは水素または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基)、−SO2NR(CH2)k−(Rは水素または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、kは1〜8の整数)、−S(CH2)k−(kは1〜8の整数)が好ましい。2価の連結基Xが導入される場合、添加される組成物によってはYと共にXも親媒基の役割、即ち添加される組成物中の溶媒、樹脂等に対する溶解性の向上等に寄与する。
【0025】
次に親媒基Yについて述べる。ここで云う親媒基Yとは、目的とするフッ素系化合物を界面活性剤として機能させるために、溶媒、樹脂、顔料、フィラー等の各種添加剤等の組成物に親和させ溶解性を高めるためのものであり、疎水・疎油性を示す部分フッ素化アルキル基に、親水性および/または親油性を付与する官能基、セグメントを言う。Yの選択は目的とする組成物、用途に応じて、系への相溶性、イオン性、機能性等を考慮し行われる。例えば、
−SO3H、−COOH、PO(OH)3等の酸基およびそのLi、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Al等の金属塩、アンモニア、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、n−プロピルアミン、iso−プロピルアミン、n−ブチルアミン、tert−ブチルアミン、ジ(n−ブチル)アミン、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレンジアミン、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、プロパノールアミン、トルイジン、ピリジン等の有機アミン塩、これら酸基と各種アルコールの反応等により得られる硫酸エステル基、カルボン酸エステル基、リン酸エステル基、硝酸エステル基等のエステル基、水酸基、メトキシル基、エトキシル基等のアルコキシル基、アミノ基、スルホニルアミド基、カルボニルアミド基、メルカプト基、エポキシ基、重合度が1〜100のポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリブチレンオキシド等のポリアルキレンオキシド基、アリル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基等のビニル基、下記一般式(2)にて表わされる4級アミン塩残基、
−N+R3R4R5・Z- ・・・・・・・・(2)
(式中、R3、R4、R5はフェニル基または炭素数1〜8のアルキル基を示し、Z-はハロゲン、CH3(C6H4)SO3 -等のアニオンを示す。)
下記一般式(3)にて表わされるアミンと酸の塩残基、
−NR1R2・A ・・・・・・・・(3)
(ここで、R1、R2は共に水素、フェニル基または炭素数1〜18のアルキル基、Aは塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、酢酸等の酸を示す。)
等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、公知公用の組成物への汎用性の点から、酸基およびその金属またはアミン塩、ポリアルキレンオキシド基、または4級化アミン塩残基が好ましい。
【0026】
以上述べてきた、部分フッ素化アルキル基と親媒基を同一分子中に有するフッ素系界面活性剤の具体例としては、例えば、
(1) C8F17CH2CH2SO3K
(2) C6F13CH2CH2SO3K
(3) C4F9CH2CH2SO3K
(4) C8F17CH2CH2SO3H
(5) C6F13CH2CH2SO3H
(6) C4F9CH2CH2SO3H
(7) C8F17CH2CH2SO3Li
(8) C8F17CH2CH2SCH2COOLi
(9) C8F17CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOLi
(10)C6F13CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOLi
(11)C4F9CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOLi
(12)C8F17CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOK
(13)C8F17CH2CH2SCH2CH2COONa
(14)C8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK
(15)C6F13CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK
(16)C6F13CH2CH2SO2N(C3H7)CH2COOK
(17)C6F13CH2CH2SO2N(C2H5OH)CH2COOK
(18)C6F13CH2CH2SO2N(C6H5)CH2COOK
(19)C14F29CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH (nは2〜10の整数)
(20)C12F25CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH (nは2〜10の整数)
(21)C10F21CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH (nは2〜10の整数)
(22)C8F17CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH (nは2〜10の整数)
(23)C6F13CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH (nは2〜10の整数)
(24)C4F9CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH (nは2〜10の整数)
(25)C2F5CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nH (nは2〜10の整数)
(26)C8F17CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)n(CH2)4SO3Na
(nは2〜10の整数)
(27)C6F13CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)nCH3(nは2〜10の整数)
(28)C6F13CH2CH2O(CH2CH(CH3)O)m(CH2CH2O)nH
(m、nは共に2〜10の整数)
(29)C8F17CH2CH2OPO(OH)2
(30)C6F13CH2CH2OPO(OH)2
(31)C8F17CH2CH2OSO2N(C3H7)CH2CH2OPO(OH)2
(32)C8F17CH2CH2OH
(33)C8F17CH2CH2SH
(34)C8F17CH2CH2OCOCH=CH2
(35)C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH2
(36)C6F13CH2CH2SO2NH2
(37)C4F9CH2CH2SO2NH2
(38)C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I-
(39)C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3Br-
(40)C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3Cl-
(41)C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3CH3C6H4SO3 -
(42)C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N(CH3)2HCl
(43)C6F13CH2CH2SCH2CH2CON(CH2)3SO3Na
等の化合物が挙げられる。
【0027】
本発明でフッ素系界面活性剤として用いるフッ素系化合物の製造方法には、部分フッ素化アルキル基および親媒基Yいずれに対しても特に制限はなく、目的に応じて公知公用の有機化学反応、公知の設備を用いて製造することが可能である。部分フッ素化アルキル基の導入方法は、工業的にはテロメリゼーション法が有用であるが、予め非フッ素系の相当化合物を製造した後に、フッ素化アルキル化剤等を用いて導入することも可能である。また、得られたフッ素系化合物は公知の方法により精製しても構わないし、用途、目的によっては製造中に副生する化合物を含む組成物としてそのまま用いても構わない。
【0028】
本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物の目的とする組成物への添加量には特に制限はないが、用途、目的とする性能、経済性、加工工程等を考慮して適宜選択され、通常目的とする組成物100重量部に対して0.001〜10重量部、好ましくは0.01〜5重量部、より好ましくは0.1〜2重量部である。また、必要に応じてシリコーン系界面活性剤、炭化水素系界面活性剤、本発明で用いる部分フッ素化アルキル基を有する純度85重量%以上のフッ素系化合物以外のフッ素系界面活性剤を併用することも可能である。このような異種の界面活性剤の混合により、単独では得られなかった浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性等の界面活性効果が得られる場合がある。
【0029】
本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物が添加される組成物にも特に制限はなく、公知公用の組成物に添加することが可能である。組成物中に用いられる化合物の例としては、以下の如きものが挙げられる。
【0030】
先ずは、水および以下の如き有機溶媒である。有機溶媒の例としては、メタノール、エタノ−ル、イソプロピルアルコ−ル、n−ブタノ−ル、iso−ブタノ−ル、tert−ブタノ−ル等のアルコ−ル類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルアミルケトン等のケトン類、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル等のエステル類、2−オキシプロピオン酸メチル、 2−オキシプロピオン酸エチル、2−オキシプロピオン酸プロピル、2−オキシプロピオン酸ブチル、2−メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、 2−メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、2−メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、2−メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル等のモノカルボン酸エステル類、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、N−メチルピロリドン等の極性溶剤、 メチルセロソルブ、セロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ、ブチルカルビトール、エチルセロソルブアセテート等のエーテル類、プロピレングリコ−ル、プロピレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テル、プロピレングリコ−ルモノメチルエ−テルアセテ−ト、プロピレングリコ−ルモノエチルエ−テルアセテ−ト、プロピレングリコ−ルモノブチルエ−テルアセテ−ト等のプロピレングリコ−ル類及びそのエステル類、1,1,1−トリクロルエタン、クロロホルム等のハロゲン系溶剤、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等のエーテル類、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族類、更にパ−フロロオクタン、パ−フロロトリ−n−ブチルアミン等のフッ素化イナ−トリキッド類等が挙げれる。これらの溶媒は、単独系であっても2種類以上の混合溶媒系であっても構わない。尚、ここでいう溶媒とは、系中で分散媒として働いているものも溶媒と称する。
【0031】
次に、樹脂である。樹脂の例としては、アクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のオレフィン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン等のビニル樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリパラフェニレンスルフィド等のエンジニアリングプラスチックス、ABS樹脂等の熱可塑性および熱硬化性樹脂、SBR、NBR、EPM、EPDM、ニトリルゴム、ウレタンゴム、ノルボルネンゴム、アクリルゴム、クロロプレンゴム、エピクロルヒドリンゴム、シリコンゴム、フッ素ゴム等のゴム類等が挙げられる。これらの樹脂は、1種類のみを用いても2種類以上を同時に用いても構わない。また、2種類以上の樹脂と本発明に関わる界面活性剤を併用する場合、界面活性効果の一つとして、組成あるいは分子量が異なるの樹脂同士の相溶化剤として作用することも期待できる。
【0032】
最後に、界面活性剤以外の添加剤である。添加剤の例としては、シラン系、チタン系、ジルコ−アルミネート系等のカップリング剤、更にフッ素原子含有アルコキシシラン化合物、フッ素原子含有チタンアシレ−ト化合物、フッ素原子含有アルコキシジルコニウム化合物等のフッ素系カップリング剤、有機・無機顔料、染料、カ−ボン等の着色剤、シリカ、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化アルミニウム、酸化錫、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、ガラスフィラー等の無機粉末・充填材、高級脂肪酸、ポリ(フッ化ビニリデン)、ポリ(テトラフロロエチレン)、ポリエチレン、アクリルビーズ等の有機微粉末、更には感光剤、増感剤、耐光性向上剤、耐候性向上剤、耐熱性向上剤、導電剤、酸化防止剤、防錆剤、レオロジーコントロール剤、増粘剤、沈降防止剤、消泡剤、防臭剤等の各種充填剤が挙げられる。添加剤は、1種類のみを用いても2種類以上を同時に用いても構わない。
【0033】
本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物が添加された組成物は、公知公用の加工方法を適用することにより、優れた浸透・濡れ性およびレベリング性が得られる。加工方法としては例えば、グラビアコーター、ナイフコーター、ロールコーター、コンマコーター、スピンコーター、バーコーター、刷毛塗り、デイッピング塗布、スプレー塗布、静電塗装、スクリーン印刷等のコーティング方法・装置、インクジェット法、射出、押し出し、中空、圧縮、反応、真空、FRP、熱、ロールシート、カレンダー、2軸延伸フィルム、積層、回転等の各種成形方法、各種金型、スタンパを用いた射出成形等が用いられる。
【0034】
また、本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物が添加された組成物の用途にも制限はなく用いることができる。優れた塗れ・浸透性とレベリング性を利用し、例えば、PS版等の印刷材料、LCD、LSI、有機EL、プラズマディスプレイ製造用各種フォトレジスト等の感光性材料、LSI製造用反射防止膜剤、LCD、LSI、有機EL、プラズマディスプレイ製造用洗浄剤、エッチング剤、剥離剤、現像液、乳剤等の写真材料、自動車、航空機、船舶、建材、家電用等の塗料、染料、工業用および家庭用等の接着剤、耐擦傷性、滑り性、非粘着性、撥水撥油性、親水性、親油性、ガスバリア性、耐熱性、耐光性、耐候性、生理活性、耐水性、防湿性、防汚性等の表面機能性保護膜形成材料、洗浄剤、フロアポリッシュ、泡消火薬剤、メッキ浴ミスト防止剤、レンズシート、光ファイバ等の光学材料、衣料、家具、靴、雑貨等の繊維、人工皮革、合成皮革不織布等の処理剤、紙、フィルム、カード等の各種コーティング剤、自動車、建材、家電、医用材料、OA機器、電気・電子機器、光学部材、電線・配線材料、各種工業用部品等の成形材料、グリース、ワックス、各種封止材料、離型剤、防錆剤、防曇剤、防霧剤、ブロッキング防止剤、ポリマ−製造用または有機化学反応用分散媒等の組成物に適用し、浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性または各種表面機能性を高めるための添加剤として有用である。
【0035】
【実施例】
次に本発明をより詳細に説明するために参考例、実施例及び比較例を掲げる。文中の「部」は、断わりのない限り重量基準である。
【0036】
合成例1:ノニオン性フッ素系化合物(S−1)の合成
温度計、加熱、冷却、攪拌、減圧装置を備えたオートクレーブ中にC8F17CH2CH2OH(FAl−8)〔但し、ガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)により定量された重量比:C2F5CH2CH2OH/C4F9CH2CH2OH/C6F13CH2CH2OH/C8F17CH2CH2OH/C10F21CH2CH2OH/C12F25CH2CH2OH=0/0.1/0.4/98.5/0.7/0.3〕233g(0.5モル)、ホウ水素化ナトリウム0.76g(0.02モル)、ヨウ素を1.5g(0.006モル)を充填し100℃まで加熱した。次いで、エチレンオキシド(EO)を132g(3.0モル)を導入し、130℃まで昇温し5時間ホールドした。その後室温まで冷却し、減圧下未反応のEOを除去し、目的化合物であるフッ素系化合物(S−1)を得た。本化合物の部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長は(n=4)/(n=6)/(n=8)/(n=10)/(n=12)=0/0.2/0.5/98.6/0.6/0.1(GC分析値)であり、EOの平均付加モル数qは、5.3であった。
【0037】
合成例2〜6:ノニオン性フッ素系化合物(S−2)〜(S−6)の合成
合成例1と同様の反応を、n=2〜12の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素化アルコールを第1表に示す重量分布で含有するフッ素化アルコール(FA1−8)、(FA1−6)、(FA1−4)、(FA1−M1)、(FA1−M2)および(FA1−M3)について適用し、フッ素系化合物(S−2)〜(S−6)を得た。第2表には、フッ素系化合物(S−2)〜(S−6)および合成例1で得られたフッ素系化合物(S−1)中におけるn=2〜12の部分フッ素化アルキル基を有するフッ素系化合物の重量分布およびエチレンオキシドの平均付加モル数について纏めて示した。
【0038】
【表1】
【0039】
【表2】
【0040】
合成例7:アニオン性フッ素系化合物(S−7)の合成
温度計、攪拌、冷却装置を備えた4ツ口フラスコに、部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長が単一なパーフルオロオクチルエチルアイオダイド(C8F17CH2CH2I)を144g(0.25モル)とチオ尿素19g(0.25モル)を、125mlのジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)溶液中で80℃にて3時間攪拌し、チウロニウム塩(C8F17CH2CH2SC(NH2)=NH2 +I-)のDMF溶液を調製した。
【0041】
次に、攪拌、ガス導入管、滴下ロート、冷却装置を備えた4ツ口フラスコ中に、酢酸エチル226gとイオン交換水226gを加え、調製したチウロニウム塩のDMF溶液を滴下しながら塩素ガス16800mlを20℃にて1時間かけて吹き込み、さらに30分間攪拌した。その後、飽和亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を加え過剰に吹き込んだ塩素を分解させた。次いで、300mlのイオン交換水を加え、生じた沈殿をろ過、飽和亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液およびイオン交換水で洗浄し、室温、減圧下で乾燥しパーフルオロエチルスルホニルクロライド(C8F17CH2CH2SO2Cl)を得た。
【0042】
次に、温度計、攪拌、冷却装置を備えた4ツ口フラスコ中に、グリシンエチルエステル塩酸塩42g(0.3モル)と炭酸水素ナトリウム28g(0.33モル)と酢酸エチル100mlと水100mlを仕込み、30℃にて3時間攪拌し、パーフルオロエチルスルホニルクロライド51g(0.1モル)を加え、さらに4時間攪拌した。得られた反応液を酢酸エチルにて有機層を抽出し、減圧下、乾燥することにより、C8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOC2H5を得た。
【0043】
次に、温度計、攪拌、冷却装置を備えた4ツ口フラスコ中に、C8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOC2H547g(0.08モル)と水酸化カリウム4.5g(0.08モル)と、イオン交換水150mlを仕込み、85℃にて4時間攪拌した。次いで、イソプロピルアルコール150mlを加え、減圧下溶媒を留去、乾燥することによりフッ素系界面活性剤(S−7)(C8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK)を得た。尚、本反応において、部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長が単一なパーフルオロオクチルエチルアイオダイドを原料として用い、かつ、何れの工程においても部分フッ素化アルキル基は直接反応に関与しないので、フッ素系界面活性剤(S−7)の本発明に関わる純度は100%とみなせる。
【0044】
合成例8〜10:アニオン性フッ素系化合物(S−8)〜(S−10)の合成合成例7と同様に、出発原料として部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長が単一なパーフルオロヘキシルエチルアイオダイド(C6F13CH2CH2I)、パーフルオロブチルエチルアイオダイド(C4F9CH2CH2I)またはパーフルオロデカニルエチルアイオダイド(C10F21CH2CH2I)をそれぞれ用いることにより、相当するフッ素系界面活性剤(S−8)(C6F13CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK)、(S−9)(C6F13CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK)、(S−10)(C10F21CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK)を得た。尚、部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長が単一な原料を用い、かつ、何れの工程においても部分フッ素化アルキル基は直接反応に関与しないので、フッ素系界面活性剤(S−8)〜(S−10)の本発明に関わる純度は100%とみなせる。
【0045】
合成例11:カチオン性フッ素系化合物(S−11)の合成
温度計、攪拌、冷却装置を備えた4ツ口フラスコ中に、N,N−ジメチルプロパンジアミン36.8g(0.36モル)と酢酸エチル50mlを仕込み、参考例7と同様にして合成したパーフルオロオクチルスルホニルクロライド(C8F17CH2CH2SO2Cl)92.4g(0.18モル)を酢酸エチル250ml中に溶解させた溶液を室温にて攪拌下30分間で滴下した。その後、4時間攪拌した後、イオン交換水300mlを加え、有機層を取り出し、さらにイオン交換水で洗浄した後、減圧下乾燥しC8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N(CH3)2を得た。
【0046】
次に、温度計、攪拌、冷却装置を備えた4ツ口フラスコ中に、得られたC8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N(CH3)241g(0.07モル)と酢酸エチル300mlを仕込み攪拌下溶解させた後、ヨウ化メチル11g(0.077モル)を徐々に加え、室温にて3時間攪拌、次いで濃縮、減圧下乾燥し、C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I-を得た。尚、部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長が単一な原料を用い、かつ、何れの工程においても部分フッ素化アルキル基は直接反応に関与しないので、フッ素系界面活性剤(S−11)の本発明に関わる純度は100%とみなせる。
【0047】
合成例12〜14:カチオン性フッ素系化合物(S−12)〜(S−14)の合成
合成例11と同様に、出発原料として部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長が単一なパーフルオロヘキシルエチルアイオダイド(C6F13CH2CH2I)、パーフルオロブチルエチルアイオダイド(C4F9CH2CH2I)またはパーフルオロデカニルエチルアイオダイド(C10F21CH2CH2I)をそれぞれ用いることにより、相当するフッ素系界面活性剤(S−12)(C6F13CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I-)、(S−13)(C4F9CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I-)、(S−14)(C10F21CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I-)を得た。尚、部分フッ素化アルキル基鎖長が単一な原料を用い、かつ、何れの工程においても部分フッ素化アルキル基は直接反応に関与しないので、フッ素系界面活性剤(S−12)〜(S−14)の本発明に関わる純度は100%とみなせる。
【0048】
実施例1〜11および比較例1〜5
得られたフッ素系化合物(S−1)〜(S−14)は、イオン性が異なる界面活性剤のタイプ別に夫々第3表、第4表、第5表に示す割合で配合した。溶媒には、第3表、第4表に示すノニオン、アニオン性フッ素系界面活性剤にはイオン交換水を、第5表に示すカチオン性フッ素系界面活性剤にはイオン交換水/イソプロピルアルコール=1/1(重量比)の水溶液を用いて、濃度は何れも0.1重量%とした。界面活性剤溶液の評価として、界面活性効果の基準となる表面張力の値と共に、室温での溶解性を第3表、第4表、第5表に伏せて示した。
【0049】
表面張力は、自動表面張力計CBPV−Z(協和界面化学株式会社製)を用いて、ウィルヘルミー白金プレート法にて20℃で測定した。
【0050】
室温での水への溶解性は目視にて判定し、表中には以下の基準で記入した。
5:クリアな溶液
4:沈殿は生じていないがやや濁りがある溶液
3:沈殿は生じていないが濁りがある溶液
2:僅かな沈殿が発生
1:多量の沈殿が発生
【0051】
【表3】
※沈殿が生じたものについては、本濃度での界面活性剤としての機能を果たさないので、表面張力の測定は行わなかった。表では−として示す。
【0052】
【表4】
【0053】
【表5】
【0054】
第3表、第4表、第5表より明らかなように、本発明の界面活性剤組成物は溶媒に対する溶解性が良好で、表面張力低下能力に優れる。
【0055】
【発明の効果】
本発明のフッ素系界面活性剤組成物を用いれば、添加される組成物に対する溶解性の許容範囲が広いため、最適な添加量を選択できるばかりでなく、効果的に浸透・濡れ性、レベリング性等の界面活性能を向上させることが可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to various coating materials such as printing materials, photosensitive materials, photographic materials, paints, adhesives, surface functional protective film forming materials, cleaning agents, optical materials, release agents, automobiles, ships, vehicles, aircrafts, Applied to compositions such as building materials, home appliances, OA equipment, electrical / electronic equipment, communication equipment, optical members, electric wires / wiring materials, various industrial parts molding materials, grease, various sealing materials, etc. The present invention relates to a fluorine-based surfactant composition suitable for enhancing leveling properties and surface functionality.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fluorine-based surfactants are superior in penetration and composition for added coatings and moldings compared to hydrocarbon-based and silicon-based surfactants, based on their high surface tension reducing ability. It is a material that realizes wettability, leveling properties, etc., and various fluorosurfactants have been proposed so far. Examples of the method for producing a perfluoroalkyl (Rf) group, which is a source for realizing a surfactant effect by a fluorosurfactant, include an electrolytic fluorination method, a telomerization method, and an oligomerization method. It is possible to produce surfactants having different Rf group chain lengths even when using.
[0003]
Among these, among the surfactants produced by electrolytic fluorination recently, those having an Rf group chain length of 8 are less toxic but have high bioaccumulation potential, and are therefore avoided as various industrial materials. It has become like. Moreover, the use of surfactants composed only of those having an Rf group chain length of 7 or less has been limited in its low surface activity effect.
[0004]
On the other hand, the Rf group of the fluorosurfactant produced by the telomerization method is produced by the addition reaction of tetrafluoroethylene, and therefore usually has a distribution in the chain length of the Rf group. That is, when an Rf group chain length useful as a surfactant is obtained, short chain and long chain are inevitably produced. If a short chain is generated more than the desired chain length or chain length distribution, the surface-active effect is reduced, and if a long chain is generated, the solubility in the added composition is reduced, resulting in processing work. In many cases, the sex decreased.
[0005]
In addition, in order to improve these problems, fluorine-based surfactants having an Rf group having a single chain length are also commercially available and are applied to some applications, but depending on the application and purpose, Sufficient materials that satisfy the surface active effects such as penetration / wetting properties and leveling properties and the solubility in the added composition have not been obtained.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a fluorosurfactant composition having a high surfactant effect and good solubility.
[0007]
[Means for solving the problems]
The present inventors diligently studied to solve the above-mentioned problem. As a surfactant, a fluorine compound having a narrow distribution width of the Rf group chain length, that is, a fluorine compound having a certain purity or more is selected as an Rf group. The present inventors have found that a fluorine-based surfactant composition having a high surface-active effect and good solubility can be obtained by including two or more types in combinations having different chain lengths.
[0008]
That is, the present invention provides F (CF2)2nCH2CH2A fluorosurfactant composition containing two or more fluorine compounds having a purity of 85% by weight or more and having a partially fluorinated alkyl group represented by-(n represents an integer of 1 to 10), The two or more fluorine compounds are fluorine compounds each having n different partially fluorinated alkyl groups,The total content of fluorinated compounds having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n ≧ 5 in the total fluorinated compound is 5% by weight or less, and the fluorinated compound has a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 1. The fluorine compound content is 5% by weight or less, andA fluorine compound having a purity of 85% by weight or more containing the partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 2, a fluorine compound having a purity of 85% by weight or more containing the partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 3, and the n = 4 And a fluorine-containing compound having a purity of 85% by weight or more containing a partially fluorinated alkyl group, and the weight ratio [(n = 2) / (n = 3) / (n = 4)] is (5 to 50) / (5-85) / (10-90) The fluorine-type surfactant composition characterized by the above-mentioned is provided.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
In the normal telomerization method, tetrafluoroethylene is added to perfluorobutyl iodide to extend the Rf group chain length. Thereafter, perfluoroethyl iodide added with ethylene is used as a starting material, and various fluorine-based compounds for surfactants can be synthesized. Therefore, many of the fluorine-based compounds for surfactants produced by the telomerization method are F (CF2)2nCH2CH2A partially fluorinated alkyl group represented by-.
[0010]
According to the knowledge of the present inventors, in order to combine the surface active effect such as penetration / wetting property, leveling property and the solubility in the composition to be added such as resin, solvent and various additives, F (CF2)2nCH2CH2N in the partially fluorinated alkyl group represented by-varies depending on the target composition, the level of performance, the processing step, and the like.
[0011]
Therefore, partially fluorinated alkyl groups [F (CF2)2nCH2CH2-(N represents an integer of 1 to 10)], the inclusion of two or more fluorine-based compounds having a purity of 85% by weight or more in order to combine the surfactant effect and the solubility in the composition. Was found to be extremely effective. Here, the purity of the fluorine-based compound is usually measured by a gas chromatography (GC) method. In addition, when the compound cannot be detected by the GC method, a moiety other than the partially fluorinated alkyl group, for example, the divalent linking group X and / or the parent in the fluorine-based compound represented by the following general formula (1) After chemically modifying the medium group Y, the GC method is used. Further, the measurement may be performed using various other chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and the like. The purity of the fluorine-based compound is preferably 95% by weight or more, and more preferably 98% by weight or more.
[0012]
The purity of the fluorine-based compound in the present invention is F (CF2)2nCH2CH2It refers only to the difference due to the distribution of n in the partially fluorinated alkyl group represented by-, and other compounds inevitably by-produced by the production method are not included in the calculation of this purity. For example, in Synthesis Example 1 to be described later, a fluorine-based compound having a purity of 98.6% by weight and a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 8 is synthesized, and the specific composition thereof is a partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length ( n) is a mixture of 4 to 12, and their weight ratio is (n = 4) / (n = 6) / (n = 8) / (n = 10) / (n = 12) = 0 / 0.2 / 0.5 / 98.6 / 0.6 / 0.1 (GC analysis value).
[0013]
The fluorine-based compound used in the present invention is F (CF2)2nCH2CH2A fluorine compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group represented by-(n represents an integer of 1 to 10) and having a purity of 85% by weight or more, and having two or more partially fluorinated alkyl groups It may be. Therefore, the fluorosurfactant composition of the present invention contains 1 partially fluorinated alkyl group in addition to one containing only two fluorinated compounds having a purity of 85% by weight or more and having one partially fluorinated alkyl group. One containing a fluorine compound having a purity of 85% by weight or more and a fluorine compound having a purity of 85% by weight or more having two or more partially fluorinated alkyl groups, or a purity of 85% having two or more partially fluorinated alkyl groups It may contain only 2% or more of fluorine-based compounds of at least%. However, in any case, it is essential to be a combination of fluorine compounds having different fluorinated alkyl groups with different n.
[0014]
In the present invention, the method for obtaining a fluorine-based compound having a purity of 85% by weight or more is not particularly limited. That is, it may be purified at the stage of perfluoroiodide or perfluoroethyl iodide, which is a raw material, or may be purified in any process for producing a target fluorine compound from these compounds. Also, there are no restrictions on the purification method, for example, distillation using various equipment, extraction using various solvents, column or batch processing using various adsorbents such as silica, alumina, activated carbon, ion exchange resin, and washing. Publicly known operations such as processing can be used.
[0015]
According to the knowledge of the present inventors, in order to combine the surface active effect such as penetration / wetting property, leveling property and the solubility in the composition to be added such as resin, solvent and various additives, Depending on the purpose, application, and processing steps, it is necessary to contain two or more of the above-mentioned 85 wt% fluorine-based compounds having the optimum n. Here, when two or more kinds of fluorine-based compounds are contained, they may be mixed by any method.
[0016]
According to the knowledge of the present inventors, in the fluorine-based surfactant composition of the present invention containing two or more types of fluorine-based compounds having different fluorinated alkyl groups with different n, dissolution in the composition to be added In addition to the property, in the case of applications and processing steps that require suppression of foaming properties and rapid defoaming, the content of fluorine compounds having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n ≧ 5 in the total fluorine compounds is It is preferably 5% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3% by weight or less, and most preferably 1% by weight or less. Thus, by actively removing the fluorine-based compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n ≧ 5 from the fluorine-based surfactant composition, the solubility in the target composition is increased, and the addition amount The allowable range can be expanded. Moreover, suppression of foaming property and improvement of defoaming property can be expected, and process conditions can be simplified in many processing steps, and process time can be shortened.
[0017]
Furthermore, in order to obtain a surface active effect efficiently with a lower addition amount, the fluorine-based surfactant composition of the present invention has a fluorine compound content having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 1 of 5. % By weight or less is preferred, 3% by weight or less is particularly preferred, and 1% by weight or less is most preferred. Depending on the target composition, when the fluorine-based compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 1 exceeds 5% by weight, not only the target surface-active effect is obtained but also a high addition amount is obtained. There is a need for this, and as a result, the inherent performance of the composition to be added may be impaired. From such a point of view, the present inventors further efficiently select the chain length of the partially fluorinated alkyl group and the ratio thereof more strictly than the conventionally known compounds by more strictly selecting the desired composition. It was found that a surface-active effect was obtained, and as a result, a wide range of processing conditions could be extended depending on the purpose and application.
[0018]
Specifically, when a high addition amount is required to obtain a fine base material, penetrating / wetting into a region, high leveling in thin film coating of 10 to 3000 nm, line speed, coating device, etc. In the case where it is desired to suppress foamability due to the restriction, it is preferable that the solubility in the composition to be added is high, the foamability is suppressed, and the defoaming property is improved. That is, the content of the fluorine-based compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 2 in the fluorine-based surfactant composition of the present invention is preferably 25% by weight or more, and more preferably 40% by weight or more. It is more preferable.
[0019]
On the other hand, when it is not desired to impair the original performance of the composition to be added, it is desirable from the economical point of view to keep the addition amount of the fluorosurfactant composition to a minimum. In such a case, in order to effectively obtain the surface activity even when added in a small amount, the content of the fluorine compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 4 in the fluorine surfactant composition is It is preferably 25% by weight or more, more preferably 40% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 50% by weight or more.
[0020]
In addition, as a secondary effect using the fluorosurfactant composition of the present invention, a coating, a paste, and a molded body formed by the composition after performing a desired processing step such as coating and molding. It is also possible to functionalize the surface. Such surface functionality that can be expected after processing includes water / oil repellency, slipperiness, non-adhesiveness, water resistance, antifouling properties, etc. The content of the fluorosurfactant having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 4 in the fluorosurfactant composition is preferably 50% by weight or more, and more preferably 70% by weight or more. preferable.
[0021]
According to the knowledge of the present inventors, a surfactant composition having a more balanced surface active effect and solubility in a compound to be added, further suppressing foaming and improving antifoaming properties. Includes a fluorine compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 2 and a purity of 85% or more, a fluorine compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 3 and a purity of 85% or more, and a partial fluorination of n = 4 It is preferable that two or more kinds of fluorine compounds selected from the group consisting of fluorine compounds having an alkyl group and having a purity of 85% or more are contained, and having a purity of 85% or more having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 2. A fluorine compound, a fluorine compound having a purity of 85% or more having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 3, and a fluorine compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 4 are all used in combination. Theft is more preferable. In this case, the mixing ratio of these fluorine compounds of n = 2, 3 and 4 is such that the weight ratio [(n = 2) / (n = 3) / (n = 4)] is (5-50) / (5 ~ 85) / (10-90), and (10-40) / (20-70) / (25-80) is more preferable.
[0022]
By the way, in order to make the fluorine-containing compound containing the partially fluorinated alkyl group function as a surfactant, a composition in which a resin, a solvent, or the like is added to the same molecule as shown in the following general formula (1) It is preferable that an amphiphilic group that enhances the solubility in is bonded.
F (CF2)2nCH2CH2XY (1)
(In the formula, n represents an integer of 1 to 10, X represents a direct bond or a divalent linking group, and Y represents an amphiphilic group.)
[0023]
Here, if X is a direct bond, the solvophilic group Y is directly bonded to the partially fluorinated alkyl group. However, the target fluorosurfactant composition is added in the production method for introducing Y. In view of compatibility with the composition to be formed, there are many cases where a divalent linking group is interposed. The divalent linking group X is designed according to the target Y and the composition to be added, and is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include the following compounds.
-SO2NR- (R is hydrogen, phenyl group or alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms)
-O-
-O (CH2)k-(K is an integer of 1 to 8)
-(CH2)k-(K is an integer of 1 to 8)
-CH (OH) (CH2)k(K is an integer from 1 to 8)
-CONR- (R is hydrogen, a phenyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms)
-(OCpH2P + 1)q(CH2)k-(P is an integer of 2-6, q is an integer of 1-100, k is an integer of 1-8)
-NR (CH2)k-(R is hydrogen, a phenyl group, or a C1-C18 alkyl group, k is an integer of 1-8)
-SO2NR (CH2)k-(R is hydrogen, a phenyl group, or a C1-C18 alkyl group, k is an integer of 1-8)
-SO2N (CH2CH2OH) (CH2)k-(K is an integer of 1 to 8)
-SO2NR1(CH2)k1CONR2(CH2)k2−
(R1, R2Are both hydrogen, phenyl group or alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and k1 and k2 are both integers of 1 to 8)
-S (CH2)k-(K is an integer of 1 to 8)
-S (CH2)k1CONR (CH2)k2-(R is hydrogen, a phenyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and k1 and k2 are both integers of 1 to 8)
-OCO (CH2)k-(K is an integer of 1 to 8)
[0024]
Among these, considering versatility as a surfactant, production method, etc., the divalent linking group X is a direct bond, -SO.2NR- (R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms), -SO2NR (CH2)k-(R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, k is an integer of 1 to 8), -S (CH2)k-(K is an integer of 1-8) is preferable. When the divalent linking group X is introduced, depending on the composition added, X together with X contributes to the role of the amphiphilic group, that is, to improve the solubility in the solvent, resin, etc. in the added composition. .
[0025]
Next, the amphiphilic group Y will be described. The amphiphilic group Y mentioned here is used in order to make the target fluorine-based compound function as a surfactant, so as to be compatible with a composition such as various additives such as a solvent, a resin, a pigment, and a filler, and to increase solubility. A functional group or segment that imparts hydrophilicity and / or lipophilicity to a partially fluorinated alkyl group that exhibits hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. Y is selected in consideration of compatibility with the system, ionicity, functionality, etc., depending on the intended composition and application. For example,
-SOThreeH, -COOH, PO (OH)ThreeAnd metal salts thereof such as Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Al, ammonia, diethylamine, triethylamine, n-propylamine, iso-propylamine, n-butylamine, tert-butylamine, di (n- Butyl) amine, ethylenediamine, diethylenediamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, propanolamine, toluidine, pyridine and other organic amine salts, sulfate groups obtained by reaction of these acid groups with various alcohols, carboxylate groups, phosphoric acid Ester groups such as ester groups, nitrate ester groups, alkoxyl groups such as hydroxyl groups, methoxyl groups, ethoxyl groups, amino groups, sulfonylamide groups, carbonylamide groups, mercapto groups, epoxy groups, polyethylene oxide having a polymerization degree of 1 to 100, Poly B propylene oxide, polyalkylene oxide groups polybutylene oxide or the like, an allyl group, an acryloyl group, a vinyl group such as a methacryloyl group, a quaternary amine salt residue represented by the following general formula (2),
-N+RThreeRFourRFive・ Z- ... (2)
(Wherein RThree, RFour, RFiveRepresents a phenyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;-Is halogen, CHThree(C6HFour) SOThree -Anions such as )
A salt residue of an amine and an acid represented by the following general formula (3);
-NR1R2・ A (3)
(Where R1, R2Are hydrogen, a phenyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and A is an acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid. )
Etc. Among these, an acid group and a metal or amine salt thereof, a polyalkylene oxide group, or a quaternized amine salt residue is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility to known and publicly used compositions.
[0026]
As specific examples of the fluorosurfactant having the partially fluorinated alkyl group and the amphiphilic group in the same molecule as described above, for example,
(1) C8F17CH2CH2SOThreeK
(2) C6F13CH2CH2SOThreeK
(3) CFourF9CH2CH2SOThreeK
(4) C8F17CH2CH2SOThreeH
(5) C6F13CH2CH2SOThreeH
(6) CFourF9CH2CH2SOThreeH
(7) C8F17CH2CH2SOThreeLi
(8) C8F17CH2CH2SCH2COOLi
(9) C8F17CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOLi
(10) C6F13CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOLi
(11) CFourF9CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOLi
(12) C8F17CH2CH2SCH2CH2COOK
(13) C8F17CH2CH2SCH2CH2COONa
(14) C8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK
(15) C6F13CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK
(16) C6F13CH2CH2SO2N (CThreeH7) CH2COOK
(17) C6F13CH2CH2SO2N (C2HFiveOH) CH2COOK
(18) C6F13CH2CH2SO2N (C6HFive) CH2COOK
(19) C14F29CH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nH (n is an integer of 2 to 10)
(20) C12Ftwenty fiveCH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nH (n is an integer of 2 to 10)
(21) CTenFtwenty oneCH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nH (n is an integer of 2 to 10)
(22) C8F17CH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nH (n is an integer of 2 to 10)
(23) C6F13CH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nH (n is an integer of 2 to 10)
(24) CFourF9CH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nH (n is an integer of 2 to 10)
(25) C2FFiveCH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nH (n is an integer of 2 to 10)
(26) C8F17CH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)n(CH2)FourSOThreeNa
(N is an integer of 2 to 10)
(27) C6F13CH2CH2O (CH2CH2O)nCHThree(N is an integer of 2 to 10)
(28) C6F13CH2CH2O (CH2CH (CHThree) O)m(CH2CH2O)nH
(M and n are both integers of 2 to 10)
(29) C8F17CH2CH2OPO (OH)2
(30) C6F13CH2CH2OPO (OH)2
(31) C8F17CH2CH2OSO2N (CThreeH7) CH2CH2OPO (OH)2
(32) C8F17CH2CH2OH
(33) C8F17CH2CH2SH
(34) C8F17CH2CH2OCOCH = CH2
(35) C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH2
(36) C6F13CH2CH2SO2NH2
(37) CFourF9CH2CH2SO2NH2
(38) C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeI-
(39) C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeBr-
(40) C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeCl-
(41) C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeCHThreeC6HFourSOThree -
(42) C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN (CHThree)2HCl
(43) C6F13CH2CH2SCH2CH2CON (CH2)ThreeSOThreeNa
And the like.
[0027]
The production method of the fluorine-based compound used as the fluorine-based surfactant in the present invention is not particularly limited with respect to any of the partially fluorinated alkyl group and the amphiphilic group Y. It can be manufactured using known equipment. As a method for introducing a partially fluorinated alkyl group, the telomerization method is useful industrially, but it is also possible to introduce a non-fluorinated equivalent compound in advance and then introduce it using a fluorinated alkylating agent or the like. It is. Moreover, the obtained fluorine-type compound may be refine | purified by a well-known method, and according to a use and the objective, you may use as it is as a composition containing the compound byproduced during manufacture.
[0028]
The amount of the fluorosurfactant composition of the present invention added to the target composition is not particularly limited, but is appropriately selected in consideration of the application, target performance, economy, processing steps, etc. The amount is 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the target composition. Further, if necessary, a silicone surfactant, a hydrocarbon surfactant, and a fluorine surfactant other than a fluorine compound having a partially fluorinated alkyl group having a purity of 85% by weight or more used in the present invention may be used in combination. Is also possible. By mixing such different kinds of surfactants, surface active effects such as penetration / wetting properties and leveling properties that could not be obtained alone may be obtained.
[0029]
There is no restriction | limiting in particular also in the composition to which the fluorine-type surfactant composition of this invention is added, It is possible to add to a publicly known composition. Examples of the compound used in the composition include the following.
[0030]
The first is water and the following organic solvent. Examples of the organic solvent include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol and other alcohols, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, Ketones such as methyl amyl ketone, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, methyl 2-oxypropionate, ethyl 2-oxypropionate, propyl 2-oxypropionate Monocarboxylic acid esters such as butyl 2-oxypropionate, methyl 2-methoxypropionate, ethyl 2-methoxypropionate, propyl 2-methoxypropionate and butyl 2-methoxypropionate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N -Such as methylpyrrolidone Solvents, ethers such as methyl cellosolve, cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, butyl carbitol, ethyl cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate , Propylene glycols such as propylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and esters thereof, halogenated solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, benzene, toluene, Aromatics such as xylene, and fluorinated inner-trikids such as perfluorooctane and perfluorotri-n-butylamine are also included. These solvents may be single systems or two or more mixed solvent systems. As used herein, the term “solvent” refers to a solvent that functions as a dispersion medium in the system.
[0031]
Next, it is resin. Examples of the resin include acrylic resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, olefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, vinyl resin such as polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, fluorine resin, polycarbonate resin and polyimide resin. , Engineering plastics such as polyamide resin, polyparaphenylene sulfide, thermoplastic and thermosetting resins such as ABS resin, SBR, NBR, EPM, EPDM, nitrile rubber, urethane rubber, norbornene rubber, acrylic rubber, chloroprene rubber, epichlorohydrin Examples thereof include rubbers such as rubber, silicon rubber, and fluorine rubber. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, when using together 2 or more types of resin and surfactant in connection with this invention, it can also be expected to act as a compatibilizing agent for resins having different compositions or molecular weights as one of the surface active effects.
[0032]
Finally, additives other than surfactants. Examples of additives include silane-based, titanium-based, zirco-aluminate-based coupling agents, fluorine-containing alkoxysilane compounds, fluorine-atom-containing titanium acyl compounds, fluorine-based alkoxyzirconium compounds, and other fluorine-based compounds. Coupling agents, organic and inorganic pigments, dyes, carbon and other colorants, silica, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, glass filler and other inorganic powders and fillers Materials, higher fatty acids, poly (vinylidene fluoride), poly (tetrafluoroethylene), polyethylene, fine organic powders such as acrylic beads, photosensitizers, sensitizers, light resistance improvers, weather resistance improvers, heat resistance Improver, conductive agent, antioxidant, rust inhibitor, rheology control agent, thickener, anti-settling agent, Foams include various fillers, such as deodorants. Only one type of additive may be used, or two or more types of additives may be used simultaneously.
[0033]
The composition to which the fluorosurfactant composition of the present invention is added can obtain excellent penetration and wettability and leveling properties by applying a known publicly-known processing method. Processing methods include, for example, gravure coaters, knife coaters, roll coaters, comma coaters, spin coaters, bar coaters, brush coating, dipping coating, spray coating, electrostatic coating, screen printing, and other coating methods and devices, ink jet methods, injection Extrusion, hollow, compression, reaction, vacuum, FRP, heat, roll sheet, calendar, biaxially stretched film, various molding methods such as lamination and rotation, various molds, injection molding using a stamper, and the like are used.
[0034]
Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting also in the use of the composition to which the fluorine-type surfactant composition of this invention was added. Utilizing excellent paint / penetration and leveling properties, for example, printing materials such as PS plates, LCD, LSI, organic EL, photosensitive materials such as various photoresists for plasma display manufacturing, antireflection coating agents for LSI manufacturing, LCD, LSI, organic EL, plasma display cleaner, etchant, release agent, developer, emulsion and other photographic materials, paints for automobiles, aircraft, ships, building materials, home appliances, dyes, industrial and household use Adhesives such as, scratch resistance, slipperiness, non-tackiness, water / oil repellency, hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, gas barrier properties, heat resistance, light resistance, weather resistance, physiological activity, water resistance, moisture resistance, antifouling Surface functional protective film forming material such as safety, cleaning agent, floor polish, foam fire extinguishing agent, plating bath mist prevention agent, lens sheet, optical material such as optical fiber, clothing, furniture, shoes, miscellaneous fiber, artificial leather , Go Molding of processing agents such as leather nonwoven fabrics, various coating agents such as paper, film and cards, automobiles, building materials, home appliances, medical materials, OA equipment, electrical / electronic equipment, optical members, electric wires / wiring materials, various industrial parts, etc. Applied to compositions such as materials, greases, waxes, various sealing materials, mold release agents, rust preventives, antifogging agents, antifogging agents, antiblocking agents, polymer production or organic chemical reaction dispersion media, It is useful as an additive for enhancing the penetration / wetting property, leveling property or various surface functionalities.
[0035]
【Example】
Next, in order to explain the present invention in more detail, reference examples, examples and comparative examples are listed. “Parts” in the text are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
[0036]
Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of nonionic fluorine compound (S-1)
C in an autoclave equipped with a thermometer, heating, cooling, stirring, decompression device8F17CH2CH2OH (FAl-8) [However, weight ratio determined by gas chromatography (GC): C2FFiveCH2CH2OH / CFourF9CH2CH2OH / C6F13CH2CH2OH / C8F17CH2CH2OH / CTenFtwenty oneCH2CH2OH / C12Ftwenty fiveCH2CH2OH = 0 / 0.1 / 0.4 / 98.5 / 0.7 / 0.3] 233 g (0.5 mol), 0.76 g (0.02 mol) sodium borohydride, 1. 5 g (0.006 mol) was charged and heated to 100 ° C. Next, 132 g (3.0 mol) of ethylene oxide (EO) was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 130 ° C. and held for 5 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, unreacted EO was removed under reduced pressure, and the target fluorine compound (S-1) was obtained. The partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length of this compound is (n = 4) / (n = 6) / (n = 8) / (n = 10) / (n = 12) = 0 / 0.2 / 0.5 /98.6/0.6/0.1 (GC analysis value), and the average added mole number q of EO was 5.3.
[0037]
Synthesis Examples 2 to 6: Synthesis of nonionic fluorine compounds (S-2) to (S-6)
Fluorinated alcohols (FA1-8) and (FA1-6) containing a fluorinated alcohol having a partially fluorinated alkyl group of n = 2 to 12 in the weight distribution shown in Table 1 in the same reaction as in Synthesis Example 1 , (FA1-4), (FA1-M1), (FA1-M2) and (FA1-M3) were applied to obtain fluorine compounds (S-2) to (S-6). In Table 2, n = 2 to 12 partially fluorinated alkyl groups in the fluorine compounds (S-2) to (S-6) and the fluorine compound (S-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 are shown. The weight distribution of the fluorine-based compounds and the average number of moles of ethylene oxide added are summarized.
[0038]
[Table 1]
[0039]
[Table 2]
[0040]
Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of anionic fluorine-based compound (S-7)
Perfluorooctylethyl iodide (C) with a single partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length in a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, stirring, and cooling device8F17CH2CH2144 g (0.25 mol) of I) and 19 g (0.25 mol) of thiourea were stirred in a solution of 125 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) at 80 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a thiuonium salt (C8F17CH2CH2SC (NH2) = NH2 +I-) Solution in DMF.
[0041]
Next, 226 g of ethyl acetate and 226 g of ion-exchanged water were added to a four-necked flask equipped with a stirring device, a gas introduction tube, a dropping funnel, and a cooling device, and 16800 ml of chlorine gas was added dropwise while adding the prepared DMF solution of thiuonium salt. Blowing was performed at 20 ° C. over 1 hour, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. Then, saturated sodium hydrogen sulfite aqueous solution was added and the excessively blown chlorine was decomposed. Subsequently, 300 ml of ion-exchanged water was added, and the resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite solution and ion-exchanged water, dried at room temperature under reduced pressure, and perfluoroethylsulfonyl chloride (C8F17CH2CH2SO2Cl) was obtained.
[0042]
Next, 42 g (0.3 mol) of glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride, 28 g (0.33 mol) of sodium hydrogen carbonate, 100 ml of ethyl acetate and 100 ml of water were placed in a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, stirring and cooling device. The mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for 3 hours, 51 g (0.1 mol) of perfluoroethylsulfonyl chloride was added, and the mixture was further stirred for 4 hours. The organic layer was extracted from the obtained reaction solution with ethyl acetate and dried under reduced pressure to obtain C.8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOC2HFiveGot.
[0043]
Next, in a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, stirring, and cooling device, C8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOC2HFive47 g (0.08 mol), 4.5 g of potassium hydroxide (0.08 mol) and 150 ml of ion-exchanged water were charged and stirred at 85 ° C. for 4 hours. Next, 150 ml of isopropyl alcohol was added, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was dried to obtain a fluorosurfactant (S-7) (C8F17CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK) was obtained. In this reaction, perfluorooctylethyl iodide having a single partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length is used as a raw material, and the partially fluorinated alkyl group does not directly participate in the reaction in any step. The purity of the surfactant (S-7) according to the present invention can be regarded as 100%.
[0044]
Synthesis Examples 8 to 10: Synthesis of anionic fluorine-based compounds (S-8) to (S-10) As in Synthesis Example 7, perfluorohexylethylioo having a single partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length as a starting material Dido (C6F13CH2CH2I), perfluorobutyl ethyl iodide (CFourF9CH2CH2I) or perfluorodecanylethyl iodide (CTenFtwenty oneCH2CH2By using each of I), the corresponding fluorosurfactant (S-8) (C6F13CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK), (S-9) (C6F13CH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK), (S-10) (CTenFtwenty oneCH2CH2SO2NHCH2COOK) was obtained. In addition, since a partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length is used as a raw material, and a partially fluorinated alkyl group does not directly participate in the reaction in any step, the fluorinated surfactants (S-8) to (S The purity according to the present invention of −10) can be regarded as 100%.
[0045]
Synthesis Example 11 Synthesis of Cationic Fluorine Compound (S-11)
In a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, stirring and cooling device, 36.8 g (0.36 mol) of N, N-dimethylpropanediamine and 50 ml of ethyl acetate were charged and synthesized in the same manner as in Reference Example 7. Fluorooctylsulfonyl chloride (C8F17CH2CH2SO2Cl) 92.4 g (0.18 mol) dissolved in 250 ml of ethyl acetate was added dropwise at room temperature with stirring for 30 minutes. Thereafter, after stirring for 4 hours, 300 ml of ion-exchanged water was added, the organic layer was taken out, further washed with ion-exchanged water, and then dried under reduced pressure.8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN (CHThree)2Got.
[0046]
Next, in a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, stirring, and cooling device, the obtained C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN (CHThree)241 g (0.07 mol) and 300 ml of ethyl acetate were charged and dissolved under stirring, then 11 g (0.077 mol) of methyl iodide was gradually added, stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, then concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. C8F17CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeI-Got. In addition, since a partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length is used as a raw material and the partially fluorinated alkyl group does not directly participate in the reaction in any step, the present invention of the fluorosurfactant (S-11) It can be considered that the purity related to is 100%.
[0047]
Synthesis Examples 12 to 14: Synthesis of cationic fluorine-based compounds (S-12) to (S-14)
As in Synthesis Example 11, perfluorohexyl ethyl iodide (C6F13CH2CH2I), perfluorobutyl ethyl iodide (CFourF9CH2CH2I) or perfluorodecanylethyl iodide (CTenFtwenty oneCH2CH2By using each of I), the corresponding fluorosurfactant (S-12) (C6F13CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeI-), (S-13) (CFourF9CH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeI-), (S-14) (CTenFtwenty oneCH2CH2SO2NH (CH2)ThreeN+(CHThree)ThreeI-) In addition, since a partially fluorinated alkyl group chain length is used as a raw material and the partially fluorinated alkyl group is not directly involved in the reaction in any step, the fluorosurfactants (S-12) to (S-12) The purity according to the present invention of -14) can be regarded as 100%.
[0048]
Examples 1-11 and Comparative Examples 1-5
The obtained fluorine compounds (S-1) to (S-14) were blended in proportions shown in Tables 3, 4 and 5 according to the types of surfactants having different ionic properties. Examples of the solvent include nonions shown in Tables 3 and 4, ion-exchanged water for anionic fluorosurfactants, and ion-exchanged water / isopropyl alcohol for cationic fluorosurfactants shown in Table 5. A 1/1 (weight ratio) aqueous solution was used, and the concentration was 0.1% by weight. As the evaluation of the surfactant solution, the solubility at room temperature is shown in Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5 together with the value of the surface tension that becomes the basis of the surfactant effect.
[0049]
The surface tension was measured at 20 ° C. by the Wilhelmy platinum plate method using an automatic surface tension meter CBPV-Z (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Chemical Co., Ltd.).
[0050]
The solubility in water at room temperature was determined visually and entered in the table according to the following criteria.
5: Clear solution
4: Solution without precipitation but slightly turbid
3: Solution with no turbidity but turbidity
2: Slight precipitation occurs
1: Large amount of precipitation occurs
[0051]
[Table 3]
* Surface tension was not measured for the precipitates because they do not function as surfactants at this concentration. Shown as-in the table.
[0052]
[Table 4]
[0053]
[Table 5]
[0054]
As is apparent from Tables 3, 4, and 5, the surfactant composition of the present invention has good solubility in solvents and excellent surface tension reducing ability.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
When the fluorosurfactant composition of the present invention is used, the solubility tolerance for the added composition is wide, so that not only the optimum addition amount can be selected, but also the penetration / wetting property and leveling property can be effectively achieved. It is possible to improve the surface activity such as.
Claims (7)
F(CF2)2nCH2CH2XY (1)
(式中、nは1〜10の整数を示し、Xは直接結合または2価の連結基を示し、Yは親媒基を示す。)The fluorine-based surfactant composition according to claim 1, wherein each of the two or more fluorine-based compounds is a fluorine-based compound represented by the following general formula (1).
F (CF 2 ) 2n CH 2 CH 2 XY (1)
(In the formula, n represents an integer of 1 to 10, X represents a direct bond or a divalent linking group, and Y represents an amphiphilic group.)
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US7977426B2 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2011-07-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fluoroalkyl ether sulfonate surfactants |
US8053606B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2011-11-08 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Alkoxylation of fluorinated alcohols |
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US9168408B2 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2015-10-27 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Surfactant composition from polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines |
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