JP4210017B2 - Cheese and cheese flavor - Google Patents

Cheese and cheese flavor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4210017B2
JP4210017B2 JP2000120273A JP2000120273A JP4210017B2 JP 4210017 B2 JP4210017 B2 JP 4210017B2 JP 2000120273 A JP2000120273 A JP 2000120273A JP 2000120273 A JP2000120273 A JP 2000120273A JP 4210017 B2 JP4210017 B2 JP 4210017B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
cheese
mold
flavor
milk
fat
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JP2000120273A
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JP2001299211A (en
Inventor
肇 中島
克俊 丹野
清孝 岡本
章 富澤
寛昭 小西
賛行 大田
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、独特かつ良好な風味を有するカビ系チーズ及びその製造方法に関し、さらに該カビ系チーズから調製されるチーズフレーバーに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
チーズの風味は、添加したレンネット、乳酸菌やカビ等のスターターとして使用する微生物、乳原料由来の微生物や酵素等の作用によって、熟成中に原料に含まれるタンパク質や脂肪が分解されることによって生成する。この風味生成過程は非常に複雑なものであり、どのような反応が起こっているのかは、全てが明らかにされているわけではない。
【0003】
一般にチーズは、良好な風味を得るための熟成に時間を要するが、様々な方法で熟成を促進させる試みがなされている。例えば、熟成温度を上げたり、チーズスラリーの水分量を上げたり、チーズスラリーに酵素や特殊な処理をした菌体を添加したりといった方法か提案されている。(FEMSマイクロバイオロジー・レビュー,12,239-252(1993))
【0004】
チーズの表面や内部にカビを生育させたチーズであるカマンベールチーズ、ブリーチーズ、ブルーチーズ等は、カビの作用によって比較的短時間で熟成が進行し、カビ系チーズ独特の良好な風味を有する。この風味は、カビが産生する酵素によってタンパク質や脂肪が分解されることにより生成するものであるが、このカビの性質を用いてカビ系チーズの風味を短時間で生成する試みがなされている。
【0005】
例えば、チーズスラリーでカビを培養する方法(特許第2622864号公報)、チーズスラリーやカードにタンパク質分解酵素や脂肪分解酵素を添加する方法(特許第2959892号公報)、全乳を限外濾過膜で濃縮したものでカビを培養する方法(特開平4-84855号公報)が行われてきたが、タンパク質や脂肪の分解が進まず良好な風味が生成しなかったり、逆にタンパク質や脂肪の分解が進みすぎて「カビ臭」と呼ばれる好ましくない風味や、苦味を生成したりしてしまうという問題があり、カビの培養制御や酵素の反応制御に莫大な労力を注ぐ必要があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる技術に鑑みて、複雑な培養制御、添加酵素の反応制御やカビからの酵素精製等の煩雑な作業をすることなく、良好な風味を有するカビ系チーズ及びこのカビ系チーズから調製されるチーズフレーバーを提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を行ってきたところ、乳原料が無脂乳固形分2〜15重量%及脂肪分65〜75重量%の組成となるように、乳原料を調製する乳原料調製工程と、乳原料にカビを接種し、発酵させる発酵工程と、を含むことを特徴とするカビ系チーズの製造方法によって、複雑な培養制御、添加酵素の反応制御やカビからの酵素精製等の煩雑な作業をすることなく、良好な風味を有するカビ系チーズが得られることを見出した。また、上記カビ系チーズを加熱し、油相と沈殿相を生成させる加熱工程と、その油相を回収する油相回収工程とを含むカビ系チーズフレーバーの製造方法により、カビ系チーズの良好な風味を有するチーズフレーバーが得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。本発明のチーズは上記方法によって製造されたカビ系チーズであり、複雑な培養制御を行わなくても発酵が適度に進み、良好な風味を長く維持することができることを特徴とし、食品に配合する用途にも適している。また、本発明のチーズフレーバーは上記方法によって製造されたカビ系チーズフレーバーであり、複雑な培養制御等の必要なく製造でき、良好な風味を有することを特徴とし、食品に配合する用途にも適している。以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用する乳原料は、無脂乳固形分を15重量%以下及び脂肪分を65重量%以上となるように脂肪、無脂乳固形分を混合し、調製すればよい。
脂肪としては、分離クリーム、バター、高脂肪クリームチーズ、クリームチーズ等を挙げることができる。また、無脂乳固形分としては、バターミルク、ホエー、脱脂乳又はこれらを粉末化したもの等を挙げることができる。
【0009】
本発明に使用するカビとしては、ペニシリウム・カマンベルティ(Penicillium camembertii)、ペニシリウム・カゼイコラム(Penicillium caseicolum)、ペニシリウム・ロックフォルティ(Penicillium roquefortii)、ゲオトリクム・キャンディダム(Geotrichum candidum)等カビ系チーズの製造に使用されているカビを挙げることができる。
【0010】
発酵温度については、それそれのカビの生育に適した温度帯であれば、特に制限はないが、一般的なカビの培養温度である10〜30℃の間であることが望ましい。
発酵期間については、培養温度、カビの菌種によって異なるため、特に制限はないが、カビ系チーズの良好な風味が生成して、かつカビ臭が発生しないよう適宜設定すればよい。
このようにして得られた本発明のカビ系チーズは、良好な風味を有し、そのまま食することもできるが、チーズ風味食品の原料として利用することもできる。
【0011】
また、本発明のチーズフレーバーは、上記の乳原料、カビを使用して製造した本発明のカビ系チーズより、油相を採取することにより得ることができる。例えば、本発明のチーズを加熱してタンパク質を凝縮させた後、これを除去して油相を回収することにより得ることができる。
このようにして得られた本発明のチーズフレーバーは、カビ系チーズが有する良好な風味を有し、食品に添加して利用することができる。
以下に実施例を示し、本発明をより詳細に説明する。
【0012】
【実施例1】
クリームセパレーターでクリームの分離を繰り返すことによって、生乳より無脂乳固形分2重量%、脂肪分75重量%の高脂肪クリームチーズを調製した。この高脂肪クリームチーズにカゼインを添加して、表1に示す無脂乳固形分及び脂肪分となるように乳原料1〜7を調製した。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0004210017
【0014】
これらの乳原料を加熱殺菌(90℃、5秒間)した後、ペニシリウム・カゼイコラム(Penicillium caseicolum)胞子を10,000個/gとなるように乳原料に接種し、25℃で発酵させ、発酵物を経時的にサンプリングして、3名の専門パネラーによる風味の評価を行った。その結果を表2に示す。○は3名全員が風味良好としたもの、△は1ないし2名がカビ臭ありとしたもの、×は3名全員がカビ臭ありとしたものを表す。
【0015】
【表2】
Figure 0004210017
【0016】
これによると、無脂乳固形分を15重量%以下及び脂肪分を65重量%以上となるように調製した乳原料にカビを接種して、発酵させて得られたカビ系チーズは、煩雑な培養管理をしなくてもカビ臭を発生せず、良好な風味を有することが分かった。
【0017】
【実施例2】
実施例1で調製した高脂肪クリームチーズを加熱殺菌(90℃、5秒間)した後、ペニシリウム・カゼイコラム(Penicillium caseicolum)又はペニシリウム・ロックフォルティ(Penicillium roquefortii)胞子を10,000個/gとなるように高脂肪クリームチーズに接種し、15℃で発酵させ、発酵物を経時的にサンプリングして、専門パネラーによる風味の評価を行ったところ、いずれのカビを用いたカビ系チーズも、煩雑な培養管理をしなくてもカビ臭を発生せず、良好な風味を有していた。
【0018】
【実施例3】
以下に示す割合で材料を混合し、ホモジナイザーで良く撹拌して、乳原料8〜10を調製した。
乳原料8:バターオイル65重量部、脱脂乳20重量部、ホエー粉10重量部、バターミルク5重量部(無脂乳固形分15重量%、脂肪分65重量%)
乳原料9:バター85重量部、クリームチーズ5重量部、脱脂粉乳5重量部、バターミルク粉5重量部(無脂乳固形分14重量%、脂肪分70重量%)
乳原料10:バターオイル50重量部、クリーム20重量部、高脂肪クリームチーズ(実施例1で調製したもの)20重量部、ホエー粉5重量部、チーズホエー5重量部(無脂乳固形分12重量%、脂肪分74重量%)
【0019】
これらの乳原料を加熱殺菌(90℃、5秒間)した後、ペニシリウム・カマンベルティ(Penicillium camembertii)及びゲオトリクム・キャンディダム(Geotrichum candidum)胞子をそれぞれ10,000個/gとなるように乳原料に接種し、20℃で発酵させて、発酵物を経時的にサンプリングして、専門パネラーによる風味の評価を行ったところ、乳原料8〜10を用いたいずれのカビ系チーズも、煩雑な培養管理をしなくてもカビ臭を発生せず、良好な風味を有していた。
【0020】
【実施例4】
実施例2と同様の条件で20日間発酵させて得たカマンベールチーズ風味及びブルーチーズ風味の2種類のカビ系チーズ、及び実施例1で調製し、加熱殺菌(90℃、5秒間)した高脂肪クリームチーズを用いて、表3に示した配合で、常法に従いタルト1〜3を製造した。
【0021】
【表3】
Figure 0004210017
【0022】
これらのタルトについて、専門パネラーによる風味の評価を行ったところ、高脂肪クリームチーズを用いたタルト3の風味がフラットであったのに対して、本発明のカビ系チーズ(カマンベールチーズ風味)を用いたタルト1は、豊かなカマンベールチーズ風味を有しており、本発明のカビ系チーズ(ブルーチーズ風味)を用いたタルト2は、豊かなブルーチーズ風味を有していた。
【0023】
【実施例5】
実施例2と同様の条件で20日間発酵させて得たカマンベールチーズ風味及びブルーチーズ風味の2種類のカビ系チーズを、それぞれ95℃で5分間加熱した後、放置して沈殿部分を除去し、油相部分を回収して2種類の本発明のチーズフレーバーを製造した。
【0024】
【実施例6】
表4で示す配合で、常法に従い食パン1〜3を製造した。
【0025】
【表4】
Figure 0004210017
【0026】
これらの食パンについて、専門パネラーによる風味の評価を行ったところ、バターオイルを用いた食パン3の風味がフラットであったのに対して、本発明のチーズフレーバー(カマンベールチーズ風味)を用いた食パン1は、豊かなカマンベールチーズ風味を有しており、本発明のチーズフレーバー(ブルーチーズ風味)を用いた食パン2は、豊かなブルーチーズ風味を有していた。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明のカビ系チーズは、煩雑な培養管理をしなくてもカビ臭を発生せず、良好な風味を有しているため、従来のカビ系チーズ風味食品に比べて、簡単に得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mold cheese having a unique and good flavor and a method for producing the same, and further relates to a cheese flavor prepared from the mold cheese.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The flavor of cheese is generated by the decomposition of proteins and fats contained in raw materials during ripening by the action of added rennet, microorganisms used as starters for lactic acid bacteria and mold, microorganisms and enzymes derived from milk ingredients To do. This flavor generation process is very complex, and not all of the reactions are occurring.
[0003]
Generally, cheese requires time for aging to obtain a good flavor, but attempts have been made to promote aging by various methods. For example, methods such as increasing the ripening temperature, increasing the moisture content of the cheese slurry, or adding an enzyme or a specially treated cell to the cheese slurry have been proposed. (FEMS Microbiology Review, 12, 239-252 (1993))
[0004]
Camembert cheese, brie cheese, blue cheese, and the like, which are fungi grown on the surface and inside of cheese, ripen in a relatively short time by the action of the mold, and have a good flavor unique to mold cheese. This flavor is generated by decomposing proteins and fats by enzymes produced by mold, and attempts have been made to generate the flavor of mold cheese in a short time using the properties of this mold.
[0005]
For example, a method of culturing mold with cheese slurry (Patent No. 2622864), a method of adding proteolytic enzyme or lipolytic enzyme to cheese slurry or curd (Patent No. 2959892), whole milk with an ultrafiltration membrane A method of culturing mold with concentrated products (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-84855) has been carried out, but protein and fat decomposition does not progress and a good flavor is not generated, or conversely protein and fat decomposition does not occur There is a problem that it is undesirably called “mold smell” and produces a bitter taste, and it is necessary to put a great deal of effort into mold culture control and enzyme reaction control.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of such technology, the present invention is based on mold cheese having a good flavor and complex mold control without complicated operations such as complex culture control, reaction control of added enzyme and enzyme purification from mold. It is an object to provide a cheese flavor to be prepared.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have just been intensive studies in order to solve the above problems, as the milk raw material is a composition of non-fat milk solids 2-15 wt%及 beauty milk fat content from 65 to 75 wt% , A milk raw material preparation step for preparing a milk raw material, and a fermentation step for inoculating and fermenting the milk raw material with fungus. It has been found that mold cheese having a good flavor can be obtained without complicated operations such as control and enzyme purification from mold. Moreover, by the manufacturing method of the mold type cheese flavor containing the heating process which heats the said mold type cheese and produces | generates an oil phase and a precipitation phase, and the oil phase collection | recovery process which collect | recovers the oil phase, mold-type cheese is favorable The present inventors have found that a cheese flavor having a flavor can be obtained. The cheese of the present invention is a mold-type cheese produced by the above-described method, characterized in that the fermentation proceeds moderately without performing complicated culture control, and can maintain a good flavor for a long time, and is blended in foods. Suitable for applications. Further, the cheese flavor of the present invention is a mold-type cheese flavor produced by the above method, can be produced without the need for complicated culture control, etc., has a good flavor, and is suitable for use in foods. ing. The present invention is described in detail below.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The milk raw material used in the present invention may be prepared by mixing fat and non-fat milk solids so that the non-fat milk solid content is 15 wt% or less and the fat content is 65 wt% or more.
Examples of the fat include separated cream, butter, high fat cream cheese, cream cheese and the like. Examples of the non-fat milk solid content include buttermilk, whey, skim milk, or powdered products thereof.
[0009]
As a mold to be used in the present invention, Penicillium Kaman Berti (Penicillium camembertii), Penicillium casei column (Penicillium caseicolum), Penicillium lock Fawlty (Penicillium roquefortii), Geotrichum Candy dam (Geotrichum candidum), such as the manufacture of molds-based cheese The mold used in the can be mentioned.
[0010]
The fermentation temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is in a temperature range suitable for the growth of each mold, but is preferably between 10 to 30 ° C., which is a general mold culture temperature.
The fermentation period varies depending on the culture temperature and the fungal species, and is not particularly limited. However, the fermentation period may be appropriately set so that a good flavor of mold cheese is generated and a mold odor is not generated.
The mold cheese of the present invention thus obtained has a good flavor and can be eaten as it is, but can also be used as a raw material for cheese-flavored foods.
[0011]
Moreover, the cheese flavor of this invention can be obtained by extract | collecting an oil phase from the mold-type cheese of this invention manufactured using said milk raw material and mold | fungi. For example, after heating the cheese of this invention and condensing protein, this can be removed and it can obtain by collect | recovering oil phases.
The cheese flavor of the present invention thus obtained has a good flavor of mold cheese and can be used by adding to food.
The following examples illustrate the present invention in more detail.
[0012]
[Example 1]
By repeating the separation of the cream with a cream separator, a high fat cream cheese having a solid content of non-fat milk of 2% by weight and a fat content of 75% by weight was prepared from raw milk. Casein was added to this high-fat cream cheese, and milk raw materials 1 to 7 were prepared so as to have the nonfat milk solids and fats shown in Table 1.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004210017
[0014]
After sterilizing these milk ingredients by heating (90 ℃, 5 seconds), inoculate the milk ingredients to Penicillium caseicolum spore at 10,000 / g, ferment at 25 ℃, Sampling was performed over time, and the flavor was evaluated by three specialized panelists. The results are shown in Table 2. ○ indicates that all three people had a good flavor, Δ indicates that one or two people had a musty odor, and × indicates that all three people had a musty odor.
[0015]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004210017
[0016]
According to this, mold-based cheese obtained by inoculating and fermenting milk materials prepared so that the solid content of non-fat milk is 15% by weight or less and the fat content is 65% by weight or more is complicated. It was found that even if the culture was not controlled, a moldy odor was not generated and it had a good flavor.
[0017]
[Example 2]
The high-fat cream cheese prepared in Example 1 is sterilized by heating (90 ° C., 5 seconds), and then Penicillium caseicolum or Penicillium roquefortii spores are 10,000 / g. Inoculated into high-fat cream cheese, fermented at 15 ° C, sampled the fermented material over time, and evaluated the flavor by a specialized panelist. Even if it did not, it did not generate moldy odor and had a good flavor.
[0018]
[Example 3]
The raw materials 8 to 10 were prepared by mixing the materials in the proportions shown below and stirring well with a homogenizer.
Milk raw material 8: 65 parts by weight of butter oil, 20 parts by weight of skim milk, 10 parts by weight of whey powder, 5 parts by weight of butter milk (15% by weight of nonfat milk solids, 65% by weight of fat)
Milk raw material 9: 85 parts by weight of butter, 5 parts by weight of cream cheese, 5 parts by weight of skim milk powder, 5 parts by weight of buttermilk powder (non-fat milk solid content 14% by weight, fat content 70% by weight)
Milk raw material 10: 50 parts by weight of butter oil, 20 parts by weight of cream, 20 parts by weight of high fat cream cheese (prepared in Example 1), 5 parts by weight of whey powder, 5 parts by weight of cheese whey (solid content of non-fat milk 12 (Wt%, fat content 74 wt%)
[0019]
After heat sterilization of these milk ingredients (90 ° C, 5 seconds), the milk ingredients are inoculated with Penicillium camembertii and Geotrichum candidum spores at 10,000 / g each. When fermentation was performed at 20 ° C., the fermented material was sampled over time, and the flavor was evaluated by a specialized panelist, any of the mold cheeses using the milk raw materials 8 to 10 was subjected to complicated culture management. Even without it, no moldy odor was generated and it had a good flavor.
[0020]
[Example 4]
Two types of mold cheeses of Camembert cheese flavor and blue cheese flavor obtained by fermentation for 20 days under the same conditions as in Example 2, and high fat prepared in Example 1 and heat sterilized (90 ° C., 5 seconds) Using cream cheese, tarts 1 to 3 were produced according to a conventional method with the formulation shown in Table 3.
[0021]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004210017
[0022]
About these tartlets, when the taste was evaluated by a specialized panelist, the taste of the tart 3 using high fat cream cheese was flat, whereas the mold cheese of the present invention (camembert cheese flavor) was used. The tart 1 had a rich Camembert cheese flavor, and the tart 2 using the mold cheese (blue cheese flavor) of the present invention had a rich blue cheese flavor.
[0023]
[Example 5]
Two types of mold cheeses of Camembert cheese flavor and blue cheese flavor obtained by fermentation for 20 days under the same conditions as in Example 2 were heated at 95 ° C. for 5 minutes, respectively, and left to remove the precipitate portion. The oil phase portion was recovered to produce two types of cheese flavors of the present invention.
[0024]
[Example 6]
With the formulation shown in Table 4, breads 1 to 3 were produced according to a conventional method.
[0025]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004210017
[0026]
When these flavored breads were evaluated for flavor by a specialized panelist, the flavor of bread 3 using butter oil was flat, whereas bread 1 using the cheese flavor (camembert cheese flavor) of the present invention. Has a rich Camembert cheese flavor, and the bread 2 using the cheese flavor (blue cheese flavor) of the present invention had a rich blue cheese flavor.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
The mold cheese of the present invention does not generate a mold odor without complicated culture management, and has a good flavor, so it can be easily obtained compared to conventional mold cheese flavor foods. it can.

Claims (6)

乳原料が無脂乳固形分2〜15重量%及び乳脂肪分65〜75重量%の組成となるように、乳原料を調製する乳原料調製工程と、
前記乳原料にカビを接種し、発酵させる発酵工程と、
を含むことを特徴とするカビ系チーズの製造方法。
As the milk raw material is a composition of non-fat milk solids 2-15 wt%及 beauty milk fat content from 65 to 75 wt%, and the milk raw material preparation step of preparing a dairy raw material,
A fermentation process in which the milk material is inoculated with mold and fermented;
The manufacturing method of mold-type cheese characterized by including.
請求項1に記載の方法によって製造されたカビ系チーズ。  Mold-type cheese manufactured by the method of Claim 1. 請求項2に記載のカビ系チーズを配合した食品。  A food containing the mold cheese according to claim 2. 請求項2に記載のカビ系チーズを加熱し、油相と沈殿相を生成させる加熱工程と、
前記油相を回収する油相回収工程と、
を含むカビ系チーズフレーバーの製造方法。
A heating process for heating the mold cheese according to claim 2 to generate an oil phase and a precipitated phase;
An oil phase recovery step for recovering the oil phase;
Of mold-type cheese flavor containing
請求項4に記載の製造方法によって製造されたカビ系チーズフレーバー。  The mold type cheese flavor manufactured by the manufacturing method of Claim 4. 請求項5に記載のカビ系チーズフレーバーを配合した食品。  The foodstuff which mix | blended the mold type cheese flavor of Claim 5.
JP2000120273A 2000-04-21 2000-04-21 Cheese and cheese flavor Expired - Fee Related JP4210017B2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP5131676B2 (en) * 2005-11-15 2013-01-30 国立大学法人神戸大学 Method for producing a polysaccharide-containing material containing chitin / chitosan using Geotricham
JP4539867B2 (en) * 2006-01-23 2010-09-08 国立大学法人神戸大学 Production method of fermented okara etc. using Geotrichum spp.
US8703217B2 (en) * 2006-03-31 2014-04-22 Kraft Foods Group Brands Llc Methods for rapid production and usage of biogenerated flavors
JP5327027B2 (en) * 2009-12-10 2013-10-30 キユーピー株式会社 Pasta sauce and manufacturing method thereof

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DE3444282A1 (en) * 1984-12-05 1986-06-05 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt KAESEAROMA
JPH02177868A (en) * 1988-12-28 1990-07-10 Sankyo Shokuhin Kogyo Kk Food or food flavor and production thereof
JP2889428B2 (en) * 1992-03-06 1999-05-10 長谷川香料株式会社 How to make dairy flavors

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014196593A1 (en) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-11 雪印メグミルク株式会社 Camembert cheese and process for producing same

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