JP4208866B2 - Method for producing greening base material for forest restoration - Google Patents

Description

The present invention uses the forest soil containing buried seeds, for producing how forest restoration greening base material for ecologically restore vegetation such as forests, vegetation fabrics.

  Conventionally, the use of a plant group (hereinafter referred to as a forest) such as a forest or a plant group fabric has been generally performed by digging an existing tree and transplanting it. In utilizing the forest, the present inventor has developed a construction method for transplanting and restoring the top soil, buried seeds, soil microorganisms and the like that are indispensable for restoring the natural forest. The technology that can be done in a batch until planting is disclosed. Here, the buried seed refers to a seed that naturally falls from the tree to the ground surface in the forest and is buried in each layer, and is not an artificially sown seed.

  That is, in Patent Document 1, the forest is dug together with the soil using a tree transplanter having a bucket that can be accommodated with the soil while the forest is growing, and the forest with the dug out soil is transferred to the planned transplantation site. A plant group transplantation method is described. According to this plant group transplanting method, the forest is planted in the planned site for transplantation as it is, so that it is possible to restore the forest while maintaining the layer order of the humus layer and the topsoil layer.

  On the other hand, a technique for promoting greening without directly digging up a plant is known. For example, Patent Document 2 discloses a greening method in which a surface soil containing buried seeds is collected and stored, and then the land is planted on the surface to be planted. Is described. The sandbags and vegetation mats used in this tree planting method are stored with the soil moisture content lowered, so that the buried seeds do not germinate or die during storage, and the surface soil after storage is used. All greening is possible.

Japanese Patent No. 3623158 JP 2003-310047 A

Here, the forest soil will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing forest soil, (a) is a diagram showing that trees are growing, and (b) is a diagram showing the vicinity of the surface layer of the soil.
The forest soil 22 is slowly generated while the leaves fall from the trees 21 and the fallen leaves accumulate every year. The surface layer 31 of the forest soil 22 has a long period of time in the order of a defoliation layer 31a in which old defoliation has accumulated, a humus layer 31b including deciduous leaf (humus), and a surface soil layer 31c in which humus and soil are mixed. These layers are generally called litter layers. Below the topsoil layer 31c, there is a thick soil layer with a further increased degree of generation.

  However, the surface layer soil used for the sandbag and the greening mat described in Patent Document 2 is the above-described leaf fall layer 31a (A00 layer), humus layer 31b (A0 layer), and surface soil layer 31c (A layer). Are collected by suction and mixed in a disturbed manner. It is said that the regeneration of topsoil is several centimeters and it takes hundreds of years. In this way, when the litter layer is artificially mixed, especially when the humus layer is disturbed, it inhabits those layers. In addition, there is a problem that the biota of peculiar soil microorganisms and soil animals is disturbed, which is not preferable for restoring the forest.

In this invention, it aims at making the further improvement of the ease of construction about invention in the description of patent document 1. FIG.
In other words, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is possible to ecologically restore plant groups such as forests and plant group fabrics without disturbing the biota of the forest surface soil, which is the litter layer, and to facilitate construction. It is to provide forest restoration technology.

The method for producing a forest restoration base material (hereinafter referred to as a “green base material”) according to the present invention includes a forest in which buried seeds are contained in a laminate in which three layers of a fallen leaf layer, a humus layer, and a topsoil layer are sequentially laminated. In the method for producing a restoration greening base material, a step of arranging a mesh body in a recess, and sequentially stacking three layers of the fallen leaf layer, a humus layer, and a topsoil layer in the recess where the mesh body is disposed A step of forming a laminated body, a step of placing a plate-like body on the laminated body, fixing the mesh-like body to the plate-like body, and surrounding the laminated body by the mesh-like body; and the laminated body And a step of taking it upside down from the recess.
Greening base material of the present invention, a litter, and Kusaha layer comprises a three-layer sequentially laminated to compression molded laminate of topsoil layer, said the laminate may contain buried seeds It is a feature.
Moreover, as the forest restoration method of this invention, the said greening base material for forest restoration can be laid and arranged in a predetermined position.

  In the present invention, in the depth direction of the forest soil, the order of the deciduous layer, the humus layer, and the topsoil layer from the top is made natural, so that it inhabits these layers constituting the litter layer. Plants such as forests and plant colonies can be restored ecologically by effectively using buried seeds without disturbing the soil microbes and soil animal biota. Moreover, since the laminated body does not use forest soil below the topsoil layer, it is lightweight, and is excellent in transportation, storage, and transplantation work, and can improve efficiency during construction.

  Further, the lower surface of the surface soil layer of the laminate is provided with a plate material for preventing the soil of the surface soil from separating. Thereby, at the time of storage or transportation, it is possible to prevent the topsoil layer with the finest particles from separating and falling and to prevent soil loss. Moreover, the whole laminated body can be strengthened by providing a plate material.

In addition, it is desirable to provide fixing means for preventing the laminate and the plate material from peeling or separating from each other.
Here, as a fixing means, if a laminate and a net-like body surrounding the plate material are used, it is possible to easily prevent each layer constituting the laminate from being separated or peeled off, and to have a strong greening base It can be a material. As the mesh body, a wire mesh, a synthetic resin, a wood fiber, or the like can be used.

This onset Ming, and the litter layer, and Kusaha layer, that are sequentially laminated three-layer of topsoil layer, plants such as forests and flora dough using without buried seeds disturbing the biota of the litter layer It is possible to reconstruct the group ecologically and to produce a greening base material for forest restoration that is lightweight and has excellent workability.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a greening base material for forest restoration (hereinafter referred to as a greening base material) according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a part of a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. is there. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the greening base material 10 includes a laminate 1 formed into a plate shape or a mat shape by compression-molding a forest surface soil that is a litter layer, and a top soil layer 1 c of the laminate 1. A plate material 3 provided on the lower surface for preventing the soil of the topsoil layer 1 from separating and falling, and a wire mesh 2 that is a net-like body that surrounds and fixes the laminate 1 and the plate material 3 are provided. Yes. The laminated body 1 is composed of a fallen leaf layer 1a in which old fallen leaves are accumulated in order from the top, a humus layer 1b containing fallen leaves (humus), and a topsoil layer 1c in which humus and soil are mixed, and compression molding. Has been.

The fallen leaf layer 1a, the humus layer 1b, and the topsoil layer 1c are collected for each layer in the forest, and each layer contains buried seeds of trees. As a method for collecting each layer, it is possible to collect with a heavy machine (backhoe) or the like. However, taking into account that each layer is more accurately separated and collected, it is desirable to collect manually using a mulberry or a scoop.
Moreover, the layer order of the fallen leaf layer 1a, the humus layer 1b, and the topsoil layer 1c reproduces the layer order of the surface layer 31 of the forest soil naturally formed in the forest shown in FIG. 4 (b). The board | plate material 3 is decompress | restored and manufactured from the felled wood chip | tip, and the root of a tree penetrates easily.

  Further, the plate member 3 and one surface of the wire mesh 2 are fixed by a locking pin 4 that is a fixing member, thereby preventing the laminate 1 from moving in the wire mesh 2. The wire mesh 2 has a mesh size of about 1 cm. Here, although the size of the greening base material 10 is about 50 cm in length, about 50 cm in width, and about 7 cm in height, it is not limited to this, It can change as needed. Moreover, as thickness of each layer which comprises the laminated body 1, the fallen leaf layer 1a is about 1 cm, the humus layer 1b is about 2 cm, and a topsoil layer is about 3 cm, and all are the thickness after compression. Further, as the net-like body, a resin net or a wood fiber net can be used in addition to the wire net. Particularly, if a net-like body that undergoes biodegradation is used, it is decomposed after laying, which is preferable in terms of environmental measures.

If the greening base material 10 as described above is laid side by side at the target position, the order of the deciduous layer, the humus layer, and the surface soil layer is the order of the natural litter layer in the depth direction of the forest soil. The ecological restoration of forests and plant colonies can be achieved ecologically without disturbing the soil microbiota and soil animal biota that lived in the litter layer. it can. Moreover, since the laminated body 1 and the board | plate material 3 are integrally molded by plate shape, it is lightweight, it is excellent in conveyance, storage, and a transplant operation | work, and can improve the working efficiency at the time of construction. In general, about 10 seeds of woody species are contained per 1 m ² and germinate all at once if the growth environment is prepared. Therefore, the germinated buried seeds are thinned out in the state of young trees. For example, the forest can be restored with an appropriate interval between trees in the forest. If the intervals between young trees are sparse, thinning may be omitted.

Next, the manufacturing method of the greening base material 10 is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of the manufacturing process of the greening base material 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
First, a metal mesh 2 is placed on a metal mold 11 having a depth of about 10 cm shown in FIG. 3A and is pressed by a press 12 to make the metal mesh 2 a concave mold (FIG. 3B). Next, about 5 cm of fallen leaves are put into the recess of the wire mesh 2 and compressed by the press machine 12 to obtain a fallen leaf layer 1a of about 1 cm (FIG. 3C). Further, about 3 cm of the fallen leaves (humus soil) that has been decomposed on the fallen leaf layer 1a is placed on the fallen leaf layer 1a and is compressed again by the press 12 to obtain about 2 cm of the fallen leaf layer 1b (FIG. 3D). Similarly, about 4 cm of topsoil is placed and compressed to obtain a topsoil layer 1c of about 3 cm (FIG. 3 (e)). As described above, if the layers are laminated while being compressed by the press 12, the layers are fixed to form a plate-like laminate 1. Thereafter, the plate material 3 is further placed on the laminate 1 (FIG. 3 (f)), and the wire mesh 2 is bent in the opposite direction to surround them (FIG. 3 (g)).

  Next, the wire mesh 2 and the plate material 3 are locked and fixed by the fixing pins 4 (FIG. 3 (h)). As the fixing pin 4, a staple needle can be used. Finally, if the whole metal mesh 2 is taken out from the mold 11 and placed upside down, the greening base material 10 constituted in the order of the fallen leaf layer 1a, the humus layer 1b, the topsoil layer 1c, and the plate material from above is obtained. (FIG. 3 (h)).

  Since the plate material 3 is provided on the lower surface of the surface soil layer 1c, the soil of the surface soil 1c is prevented from separating and falling downward, and loss of soil can be prevented during storage and transportation. At the same time, the laminate 1 is strengthened. Further, since the plate material 3 is locked and fixed by the fixing pins 4, the plate material 3 is not displaced or moved in the wire mesh 2, and the fallen leaf layer 1a, the humus layer 1b, and the topsoil layer 1c are damaged. There is no. Further, the wire mesh 2 is of a strength that can be easily broken by the trunk or root when the buried seed grows.

It is desirable to store the greening base material 10 manufactured as described above in a place where light is not applied and in a state containing moisture that does not dry. If the greening base material 10 is stored in such a state, germination of the buried seed during storage can be suppressed and the germination rate can be maintained.
In addition, the greening base material 10 can be mass-produced at a factory or the like, but if it is laid immediately after the plant is installed and manufactured at the construction site, the greening base material is collected after collecting each layer constituting the laminate. The time until installation can be greatly shortened, and plant groups such as forests and plant group fabrics can be restored while further maintaining the ecosystem.

The deciduous layer, the humus layer, and the topsoil layer are collected in the forest, and each layer is separately put in a net that is a net-like body to create a greening base material, which is arranged in a predetermined position and laid about 25 m ² , Germination test of buried seed for each layer was conducted. After 6 months from the start of the test, many buried seeds germinate and grow in any of the test plots, and fine roots spread vertically and horizontally under the net, so that the roots of the young tree are too large for the net to lift. It grew well. In addition, soil microorganisms were attached to the backside of the fallen leaves in the fallen leaf layer, and decomposition began.

  Next, Table 1 shows the germination status of buried seeds. A numerical value shows the number germinated for every kind of plant according to a layer. Here, the species of trees in the forest are trees that grow in the entire collected forest, and the precursor species of trees are trees that grow only in the vicinity at the time of collection. Herbs are weeds that are not trees. About the depth position from the surface of each layer, the fallen leaf layer is located at a position of 0 to about 3 cm, the humus layer is located at a position of about 3 to 10 cm, and the topsoil layer is located at a depth of about 10 cm or more.

  Seed trees in the forest are rich in litter layers, especially deciduous and humus layers with a depth of less than 10 cm, and because the growth of young trees is good, forests can be restored if litter layers are laid I think that the. The pioneer species have fewer buried seeds than forest species, but there seems to be no difference between layers. In herbs, there were many buried seeds and they were uniformly contained in each layer. The large number of herbaceous buried seeds is presumed to be able to maintain a good bio layer well.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be widely used in places where it is desired to restore plant groups such as forests such as forest conservation sites, parks, schools, and farmland.

It is a perspective view which shows the greening base material which is embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows a part of AA sectional view taken on the line in FIG. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the manufacturing process of the greening base material which is embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows forest soil, (a) is a figure which shows that the tree is growing, (b) is a figure which shows the surface layer vicinity of soil.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Tree planting base material 1 Laminate 1a Deciduous layer 1b Hum layer 1c Topsoil layer 3 Sheet material 2 Wire net 4 Fixing pin 11 Mold 12 Press machine

Claims (2)

In the method for producing a greening base material for forest restoration in which buried seeds are contained in a laminate obtained by sequentially laminating three layers of a litter layer, a humus layer, and a topsoil layer,
Placing the net-like body in the recess;
A step of sequentially laminating the three layers of the defoliation layer, the humus layer, and the topsoil layer in the concave portion in which the mesh body is disposed;
Placing a plate-like body on the laminate, fixing the mesh body to the plate-like body, and surrounding the laminate with the mesh body;
A method for producing a greening base material for forest restoration, comprising the step of taking out the laminate from the recess and turning it upside down.   The method for producing a greening base material for forest restoration according to claim 1, wherein compression formation is performed when a laminate is formed in the recess.

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