JP4207515B2 - Oil degradation inhibitor - Google Patents
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- JP4207515B2 JP4207515B2 JP2002275919A JP2002275919A JP4207515B2 JP 4207515 B2 JP4207515 B2 JP 4207515B2 JP 2002275919 A JP2002275919 A JP 2002275919A JP 2002275919 A JP2002275919 A JP 2002275919A JP 4207515 B2 JP4207515 B2 JP 4207515B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、油劣化防止剤に関するものである。詳しくは、油脂のみ(=バルク油)やO/WまたはW/Oエマルション等の乳化物中の油の劣化に優れた油劣化防止剤、及びこれを含有する食品、化粧品に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
リノール酸やリノレン酸、またはエイコサペンタエン酸(EPA)やドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)のような多価不飽和脂肪酸は、必須脂肪酸あるいはプロスタグランジンの前駆体として重要な物質であり、最近は抗血栓作用、老人性痴呆症防止作用などの生理活性の点でも注目されている。これらの多価不飽和脂肪酸は、脂肪酸あるいは油脂の形で食品や化粧品に利用される。
【0003】
しかし、これらの多価不飽和脂肪酸は、不飽和結合が多いために酸化の進行が激しい。このため有害な過酸化物が生成したり、酸敗臭が出るため、酸化防止の手段を講じる必要がある。
バルク油の劣化防止に関する従来技術としては、酸化防止剤の添加や脂肪酸あるいは油脂のコーティング、粉末化が知られている(例えば、特許文献1 参照)。しかし、その方法では、効果が十分ではないという問題があった。例えば現在、我国ではBHT(ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン)やBHA(t−ブチルヒドロキシアニソール)、トコフェロールなどが酸化防止剤として認可されてはいるが、BHTやBHAには使用制限があり、また安全性に対する疑問から使用はほとんど控えられていた。さらに、トコフェロールには、抗酸化力が最も強くなる最適の添加量というものが存在し、期待できる抗酸化力には限度があった。また、コーティングや粉末化という技術はある程度有効であるが、この技術によって油脂と空気を完全に遮断することはできず、そればかりか、その加工のための工程の煩雑さやコスト面での不利な点、その形態から生じる利用上の制限などを考えると満足できる方法とはいえなかった。
【0004】
O/WまたはW/Oエマルション等の乳化物中の油の劣化防止に関する従来技術としては、特定の乳化剤の添加が知られている(例えば、非特許文献1 参照)。しかし、その方法では、効果が十分ではないという問題があった。例えば、原らは、魚油の高度不飽和脂肪酸に対するリン脂質(レシチン)の酸化防止挙動について報告している(非特許文献2 参照)。上記報告によれば、レシチンには魚油に対する抗酸化力が認められるものの、魚油に対し5〜8%以上の添加量が必要であり、その添加量では魚油が著しく着色すると述べている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平9−59669号公報
【非特許文献1】
青山稔、丸山武紀、兼松弘、新谷勤、「油化学」、日本油化学協会、昭和60年7月20日、Vol.34、No.7、P554〜557
【非特許文献2】
原節子、岡田規男、日比野英彦、戸谷洋一郎、「油化学」、日本油化学協会、平成4年2月20日、Vol.41、No.2、P130〜135
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、このような従来の問題点に着目してなされたものであり、その目的は、バルク油系、乳化系に関わらず、多価不飽和脂肪酸を含有する油脂の劣化防止剤の開発である。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物と特定の被膜剤を含有する油劣化防止剤が、油の劣化防止に優れた効果を発揮することを見出し、本発明に到達した。
すなわち、本発明の要旨は、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物と、25℃の条件で水への分散性があり、表面張力が40mN/m以下の被膜剤を含有することを特徴とする油劣化防止剤に存する。
【0008】
本発明の別の要旨は、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物が、ローズマリー抽出物であることを特徴とする前記油劣化防止剤に存する。
本発明の別の要旨は、被膜剤が乳化剤であることを特徴とする前記油劣化防止剤に存する。
本発明の別の要旨は、前記油劣化防止剤を含有する食品、化粧品に存する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物と、75℃の条件で水への分散性があり、表面張力が40mN/m以下の被膜剤を含有することを特徴とする。
[油劣化防止剤]
(1)活性酸素除去能を有する化合物
活性酸素は、人体に悪影響を与えるとして最近注目されている。活性酸素は、活性酸素ラジカルまたはフリーラジカルとも称される。一般には、スーパーオキサイド(・O2 -)、ヒドロキシラジカル(HO・)、過酸化水素(H2O2)、一重項酸素(1O2)の4種をさして活性酸素と呼んでいる。その他に、ヒドロペルオキシラジカル(HOO・)、ペルオキシラジカル(LOO・),アルコキシラジカル(LO・)なども広い意味で活性酸素と考えられる。
【0010】
活性酸素除去能は、下記の方法で測定することが出来る。活性酸素除去能(IC50値)は10000ppm以下であることが好ましく、500ppm以下であることが更に好ましく、300ppm以下であることが更に好ましい。
<活性酸素除去能(IC50値)の測定方法>
各種濃度0.001、0.003、0.01、0.03、0.1重量%に調製した試料水溶液毎に、キサンチン−キサンチンオキシダーゼを添加することにより、酸素ラジカルアニオンを系中に発生させ、試料がこの酸素ラジカルアニオンを除去する。この程度は試料を添加していない蒸留水を100%として、各濃度毎、除去された割合を算出する。各濃度から得られる除去割合(酵素阻害活性)をプロットし、カーブフィッティングし、濃度を対数でとった時に、濃度と酵素阻害活性が直線関係が成立するところの直線の関数(一次式)を用いて、酵素阻害活性50%になるときの試料濃度(IC50)を活性酸素除去能として算出した。
【0011】
活性酸素除去能を有する化合物としては、ポリフェノールが挙げられる。この中では、例えば、フラボノイド類およびそれらの関連成分(カテキン、ケルセチン、ケンフェロール、ミリセチン、ルチン、アントシアニン、ポリフェノール、ルテオリン他)、フェニルプロパノイド類(クロロゲン酸、フェルラ酸、クマル酸、キナ酸、ロスマリン酸)、ポリフェノールの重合体である、タンニン、ブドウ種子物やジテルペン類(カルノソール、カルノジック酸、ロスマノール、エピロスマノール類)や、サポニン類、ビタミン類が例示できる。中でも、茶抽出物、ブドウ種子物、ローズマリー抽出物が好ましい。バルク、乳化系に関らず油の劣化防止には、油に溶解できるローズマリー非水溶性抽出物が好ましく、O/W、W/Oエマルション中の油の劣化防止には、水に溶解できるローズマリー水溶性抽出物が好ましい。
【0012】
通常、ローズマリー抽出物はロ−ズマリ−より抽出して得られる。この抽出物は、抽出溶媒や抽出液の処理方法により、水溶性または非水溶性のものが得られる。水溶性抽出物は、例えば、含水率40〜60%のエタノールで処理し、この抽出液に水を加えて非水溶性成分を析出後、それを除去した溶液成分を、溶媒留去して得られる。非水溶性抽出物は、水溶性抽出物と同様、例えば、含水率40〜60%のエタノールで処理し、この抽出液に水を加えて非水溶性成分を析出させ、更にこれに活性炭を加えて撹拌した後、この溶液から非水溶性成分と活性炭成分との混合物をろ取し、この混合物をエタノールで処理抽出し、この抽出液から溶媒を留去して得た粉末状で非水溶性の濃縮物を得られる(特公昭59−4469号公報)。抽出には、ローズマリーの全草、または、その葉、根、茎、花、果実、種子の何れを使用してもよいが、好ましくは葉を使用する。ローズマリーを刻んでから抽出した方が抽出効率が高くて好ましい。
(2)25℃の条件で水への分散性があり、表面張力が40mN/m以下の被膜剤
被膜剤とは、気−油界面または水−油界面において被膜を形成できるものをいう。本発明において25℃の条件で水への分散性があるとは、被膜剤を1重量%となる様に25℃の水に添加撹拌し70℃に加温後、被膜剤が水になじんだ後、放置冷却し、25℃になった時点で静置して外観観察し、10秒後に底に沈殿物が見られないことをいう。
また、被膜剤の表面張力は、1重量%の被膜剤水溶液をプレート法(Wilhelmy法)にて測定する。被膜剤の表面張力は、40mN/m以下であるが、好ましくは35mN/m以下であり、通常は5mN/m以上である。
【0013】
被膜剤は、水酸基が4個以上または、イオン性基を有するものが好ましい。さらに好ましくは水酸基が6個以上または、イオン性基が2個以上を有するものが好ましい。さらに、炭化水素鎖長は炭素数6〜22であり、好ましくは6〜18または、20〜22の中で不飽和基を一個以上有するものが好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の被膜剤としては、例えばシリコン、乳化剤が例示できるが、乳化剤が好ましい。乳化剤のHLBは、11以上が好ましく、さらに好ましくは15以上であり、通常は50以下である。シリコンは、親水性のシリコンが好ましい。乳化剤としては、例えば、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリソルベート、レシチン類(レシチン除く)、有機酸モノグリセリンエステル、乳酸脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられるが、中でも、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルが好ましい。被膜剤として、上記化合物を2種以上併用してもよい。
(3)他の成分
上記以外に油劣化防止剤に配合する成分として、バルク油脂の場合、酸化防止剤の油への溶解性を向上させるために、HLB値の低い、不飽和脂肪酸を構成脂肪酸として含む乳化剤を添加する。乳化剤のHLBは通常5以下、好ましくは3以下、通常1以上である。乳化物の場合、乳化安定性を高めるために、pH調整剤や多糖類を添加する。
(4)油劣化防止剤中の各成分の含有量
油劣化防止剤中の活性酸素除去能を有する化合物の含有量は、通常0.1〜20重量%であり、好ましくは0.2〜10重量%である。また、油劣化防止剤中の25℃の条件で水への分散性があり、表面張力が40mN/m以下の被膜剤の含有量は、通常10〜95重量%、好ましくは20〜75重量%である。油劣化防止剤中の活性酸素除去能を有する化合物と分散剤との比率(重量比)は、通常1〜500:50〜5000、好ましくは3〜500:100〜2000、更に好ましくは5〜300:100〜1000である。
【0015】
本発明の油劣化防止剤は、下記のバルク油やO/W、W/Oエマルション等の乳化物に添加され、油の劣化(酸化)を防止する。
[バルク油]
バルク油は、通常、天然物由来の油脂、例えばサフラワー油、オリーブ油、綿実油、ナタネ油、コーン油、大豆油、パーム油、ひまわり油、ごま油等の植物油及びそれから加工精製されて得られるものと、ラード、乳脂肪等の動物油及びそれから加工精製されて得られるもので、世の中に劣化すると言われる油脂全てを指す。他の配合成分として、もともと油脂に存在する、レシチン及びトコフェロール等がある。
【0016】
これらの油脂に対し、上述の油劣化防止剤を添加してもよく、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物と被膜剤を別々に添加してもよい。
油に対する添加量は、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物は、通常10〜5000ppm、好ましくは30〜5000ppm、さらに好ましくは50〜3000ppmであり、被膜剤は、通常0.05〜5重量%、好ましくは0.1〜2重量%、さらに好ましくは0.1〜1重量%が望ましい。活性酸素除去能を有する化合物や被膜剤の添加量が多すぎると、各々油に溶解しなくなったり、味、臭いの問題が生じる。
[O/W、W/Oエマルション等の乳化物]
エマルジョンとして使用される油脂は、通常、前記バルク油で例示した油脂が使用される。水と油の配合比率は、食品の形態によって様々である。一般に、水>油の場合、O/Wエマルジョン、油>水の場合、W/Oエマルジョンが形成される。
【0017】
他の配合成分として、もともと植物油脂に存在するレシチン及びトコフェロール等がある。また、乳化安定性を高めるために、pH調整剤、多糖類、比重調整剤を添加する。
pHにより乳化安定性が劇的に変わる場合があり、そのために、pH調整剤を用いる場合がある。pH調整剤としてクエン酸,DL-リンゴ酸など有機酸類とその塩類,炭酸ナトリウムなどの炭酸塩類,リン酸などリン酸類がある。多糖類は粘度調整で用いられ、乳化安定性を高める。多糖類としてペクチン、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム等がある。比重調整剤は、水と油の比重が異なることにより、乳化が不安定になることを抑制する。
【0018】
O/W、W/Oエマルション等の乳化物の調製方法は、成書(「エマルジョンの基礎と安定化および評価技術」、技術情報協会、1998年9月30日第一版発行)に詳細に記述されている。
油劣化防止剤は、ホモジナイズ前の油と水の混合液に添加しても良いし、ホモジナイズ前の油脂または水に添加してもよい。また、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物と被膜剤を別々に添加してもよい。水溶性の被膜剤、水溶性の活性酸素除去能を有する化合物は水へ添加した方が好ましい。
【0019】
油に対する添加量は、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物は、通常10〜5000ppm、好ましくは30〜5000ppm、さらに好ましくは50〜3000ppmであり、被膜剤は、通常0.05〜5重量%、好ましくは0.1〜2重量%、さらに好ましくは0.1〜1重量%が望ましい。活性酸素除去能を有する化合物や被膜剤の添加量が多すぎると、各々油に溶解しなくなったり、味、臭いの問題が生じる。
【0020】
本発明の油劣化防止剤は、バルク油や乳化系からなる食品や化粧品に添加され、食品、化粧品の劣化を防止する。食品としては食用油等を含む油脂加工食品、それをさらに加工したファストスプレッドマヨネーズ、ドレッシング油脂加工食品、さらには、ポテトチップス、かりんとうなどの油菓子が挙げられる。また、麦、コーヒー豆等に含まれる油分を少量でも含む飲料、さらにはカフェオーレ、ミルクティーなどの乳飲料、さらには、プリン、アイスクリーム等のデザートが挙げられる。化粧品としては、O/W、W/Oエマルジョンの乳液等、さらには、体表面の油劣化を抑制する目的で使用される美白剤、保湿剤等が挙げられる。さらには、体表面の油劣化を抑制する目的で健康増進等に使用される衣服が挙げられる。一方、空気中に含まれる酸化物により、表面の油分が劣化してしまうシート類や油性の香気成分を含む芳香剤等のトイレタリー類が挙げられる。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により詳細に説明するが、本発明は、特にこれらに制限されりものではない。
<ローズマリ−水溶性抽出物の製造>
ローズマリー1kgに50%含水エタノール10Lを加えて3時間加熱還流し、温時ろ過して、ろ液を得た。残差を50%含水エタノール6Lで同様に処理抽出する操作をさらに二回繰り返してろ液をえた。これらのろ液をあわせ、水5Lを加えると沈殿が析出した。この溶液に活性炭100gを加えて、1時間攪拌し、一夜冷所保存に放置した後、濾過してろ液を得た。これを減圧濃縮し、120gのローズマリー水抽出物を得た。
<ローズマリ−非水溶性抽出物の製造>
ローズマリー1kgに50%含水エタノール10L加えて3時間加熱還流し、温時ろ過してろ液を得た。残さを50%含水エタノール6Lで同様に処理抽出する操作をさらに二回繰りかえしてろ液を得た。これらのろ液を合わせ、水5Lを加えると沈殿が析出した。このろ液に活性炭100gを加えて1時間攪拌し、一夜冷所放置した後、ろ過して沈殿と活性炭との混合物を得た。この混合物にエタノール4Lを加えて3時間加熱還流し、温時ろ過してろ液を得た。残さをエタノール2.4Lで同様に処理抽出する操作をさらに二回繰り返してろ液を得た。これらのろ液を合わせ、減圧濃縮し、エタノールを留去し、粉末状のローズマリー非水溶性抽出物を得た。
<活性酸素除去能測定>
試験管に0.05M Na2CO3 緩衝液2.4mlとり、さらに3mMのキサンチン、3mMエチレンジアミン四酢酸、0.75mMニトロブルーテトラゾリウムを各0.1mlずつ加えた。これに活性酸素消去化合物0.1ml(濃度0.001、0.003、0.01、0.03、0.1%)を加え、25℃で10分間放置後、キサンチンオキシダーゼ溶液0.1ml加え、手早く攪拌し、25℃でインキュベートを開始した。20分後6mMCuCl20.1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、560nmで吸光度を測定した。ブランクは抗酸化剤の代わりに蒸留水を用いたものを上記のように操作した。各濃度から得られる酵素阻害活性をプロットし、カーブフィッティングし、濃度を対数でとった時に、濃度と酵素阻害活性が直線関係が成立するところの直線の関数(一次式)を用いて、酵素阻害活性50%になるときの試料濃度(IC50)を算出した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0022】
【表1】
【0023】
<水分散性観察>
表2の乳化剤を1重量%となる様に25℃の水に添加攪拌し70℃に加温後、乳化剤が水になじんだことを確認し、放置冷却し25℃になった時点で静置して外観観察した。この外観観察で、10秒で底に沈殿物が見られたものは×、10秒で底に沈殿物が見られなかったものを○として水への分散性を評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
<表面張力測定>
表2の乳化剤の0.1重量%水溶液を調整し、これを測定温度25℃の条件で、プレート法(Wilhelmy法)にて測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0024】
【表2】
【0025】
S1670:ショ糖脂肪酸エステル HLB16 三菱化学(株)社製
S570 :ショ糖脂肪酸エステル HLB5 三菱化学(株)社製
L10D :ポリグリセリンモノラウリン酸エステル 三菱化学(株)社製
Er60D:ポリグリセリンヘキサエルカ酸エステル 三菱化学(株)社製
<油劣化防止試験>
実施例1〜2,比較例1〜2 バルク油脂系
表3に示す活性酸素除去剤1重量部と被膜剤10重量部を混合し、油劣化防止剤を調製した。この油劣化防止剤0.11重量%をダイズ油に添加し、これを所定の入れ物に入れ、空気を吹込み、100℃で保持した。一般に油が酸化劣化現象として、開始後は時間とともに一定の揮発成分が出、その後、急激に酸化劣化のために揮発成分が時間とともに増大する。この急激に揮発成分が増加した時間を酸化誘導時間とした(ランシマット試験法)。油脂劣化防止剤を添加した場合、活性酸素除去能を有する化合物単独の場合と比較して、その増加比率を油劣化防止能として評価した。尚、5%以上向上したものを効果がありと判断した。
【0026】
【表3】
【0027】
実施例3〜5,比較例3〜4 O/Wエマルジョン系
表3に示す活性酸素除去剤1重量部と被膜剤10重量部を混合して、油劣化防止剤を調製した。局方ダイズ油30重量部と水70重量部を混合し、これに油劣化防止剤を局方ダイズ油に対し0.11重量%になるよう添加し、ホモジナイズ(6000rpm、10分、40℃)した。この乳化液を入れ物にいれ、70℃でインキュベートした。一定時間後にサンプリングし、油脂だけを抽出し、波長215nmと240nmにおけるパーオキシド量を測定し、20時間後の油脂中のパーオキサイド量をブランクと比較しこれを油劣化防止能として評価した。尚、5%以上向上したものを効果がありと判断した。その結果を表4に示す。
【0028】
【表4】
【0029】
実施例6〜8,比較例5〜6 W/Oエマルジョン系
表3に示す活性酸素除去剤1重量部と被膜剤10重量部を混合して、油劣化防止剤を調製した。局方ダイズ油70重量部と水30重量部を混合し、これに油劣化防止剤を局方ダイズ油に対し0.11重量%になるよう添加し、ホモジナイズ(6000rpm、10分、40℃)した。この乳化液を入れ物にいれ、70℃でインキュベートした。この後、前記O/W系と同様の処理を行い、油劣化防止能を評価した。その結果を表5に示す。
【0030】
【表5】
【0031】
このことから、本発明の油劣化防止剤が、油の劣化防止に大いに寄与することが分かる。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
本発明の油劣化防止剤は、どの様な系においても油劣化防止に大変優れた効果を発揮する。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oil deterioration preventing agent. Specifically, the present invention relates to an oil deterioration inhibitor excellent in deterioration of oil in an emulsion such as only fats and oils (= bulk oil), O / W or W / O emulsion, and foods and cosmetics containing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important substances as precursors of essential fatty acids or prostaglandins, and recently have antithrombotic activity. In addition, it is also attracting attention from the viewpoint of physiological activities such as senile dementia prevention. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are used in foods and cosmetics in the form of fatty acids or fats.
[0003]
However, since these polyunsaturated fatty acids have many unsaturated bonds, the oxidation proceeds rapidly. For this reason, harmful peroxides are generated and acid odor is produced, so it is necessary to take measures to prevent oxidation.
As conventional techniques relating to prevention of deterioration of bulk oil, addition of an antioxidant, coating with a fatty acid or oil and fat, and powdering are known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, this method has a problem that the effect is not sufficient. For example, although BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), BHA (t-butylhydroxyanisole), tocopherol, etc. are currently approved as antioxidants in Japan, there are restrictions on the use of BHT and BHA, and safety The use was almost refrained from doubt. Furthermore, there is an optimum amount of tocopherol that gives the strongest antioxidant power, and there is a limit to the antioxidant power that can be expected. In addition, the technology of coating and powdering is effective to some extent, but this technology cannot completely block oil and air, and it is also disadvantageous in terms of the complexity of the process and cost. On the other hand, it was not a satisfactory method considering the restrictions on use resulting from the form.
[0004]
Addition of a specific emulsifier is known as a prior art relating to prevention of deterioration of oil in an emulsion such as O / W or W / O emulsion (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example). However, this method has a problem that the effect is not sufficient. For example, Hara et al. Reported on the antioxidant behavior of phospholipids (lecithin) against highly unsaturated fatty acids in fish oil (see Non-Patent Document 2). According to the above report, although lecithin has an antioxidant power against fish oil, it needs to be added in an amount of 5-8% or more with respect to fish oil.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-59669 [Non-Patent Document 1]
Atsushi Aoyama, Takenori Maruyama, Hiroshi Kanematsu, Tsutomu Shintani, “Oil Chemistry”, Japan Oil Chemical Society, July 20, 1985, Vol. 34, no. 7, P554-557
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Setsuko Hara, Norio Okada, Hidehiko Hibino, Yoichiro Toya, “Oil Chemistry”, Japan Oil Chemistry Association, February 20, 1992, Vol. 41, no. 2, P130-135
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made paying attention to such conventional problems, and its purpose is to develop an oil and fat deterioration preventive agent containing a polyunsaturated fatty acid regardless of whether it is a bulk oil system or an emulsified system. It is.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Accordingly, as a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have demonstrated that an oil deterioration preventing agent containing a compound having an active oxygen removing ability and a specific coating agent has an excellent effect in preventing oil deterioration. The present invention has been found.
That is, the gist of the present invention is an oil deterioration characterized by comprising a compound having an ability to remove active oxygen and a film agent having a dispersibility in water at 25 ° C. and a surface tension of 40 mN / m or less. In the inhibitor.
[0008]
Another gist of the present invention resides in the oil deterioration preventing agent, wherein the compound having an ability to remove active oxygen is a rosemary extract.
Another gist of the present invention resides in the oil deterioration preventing agent, wherein the coating agent is an emulsifier.
Another gist of the present invention resides in foods and cosmetics containing the oil degradation inhibitor.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is characterized by containing a compound having an ability to remove active oxygen and a coating agent that is dispersible in water at 75 ° C. and has a surface tension of 40 mN / m or less.
[Oil deterioration inhibitor]
(1) Compounds having active oxygen removal ability Active oxygen has recently been attracting attention as having an adverse effect on the human body. Active oxygen is also called active oxygen radical or free radical. In general, superoxide (.O 2 − ), hydroxy radical (HO.), Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and singlet oxygen (1O 2 ) are referred to as active oxygen. In addition, hydroperoxy radicals (HOO.), Peroxy radicals (LOO.), Alkoxy radicals (LO.), And the like are considered active oxygen in a broad sense.
[0010]
The active oxygen removal ability can be measured by the following method. The active oxygen removing ability (IC50 value) is preferably 10,000 ppm or less, more preferably 500 ppm or less, and further preferably 300 ppm or less.
<Measurement method of active oxygen removal ability (IC50 value)>
By adding xanthine-xanthine oxidase to each sample aqueous solution prepared at various concentrations of 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1% by weight, an oxygen radical anion is generated in the system, and the sample removes this oxygen radical anion. . This degree is calculated by taking the distilled water to which the sample has not been added as 100% and removing the ratio for each concentration. Plot the removal rate (enzyme inhibitory activity) obtained from each concentration, curve fit, and use the linear function (linear expression) where the linear relationship between concentration and enzyme inhibitory activity is established when the concentration is taken logarithmically. Thus, the sample concentration (IC50) when the enzyme inhibition activity was 50% was calculated as the ability to remove active oxygen.
[0011]
Examples of the compound having active oxygen removing ability include polyphenols. Among these, for example, flavonoids and their related components (catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, anthocyanin, polyphenol, luteolin, etc.), phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, quinic acid, Rosmarinic acid), polyphenol polymer, tannin, grape seeds and diterpenes (carnosol, carnosic acid, rosmanol, epirosmanols), saponins and vitamins. Of these, tea extract, grape seed extract, and rosemary extract are preferable. Regardless of bulk or emulsification system, rosemary water-insoluble extract that can be dissolved in oil is preferable for preventing deterioration of oil, and can be dissolved in water for preventing deterioration of oil in O / W and W / O emulsions. Rosemary water-soluble extract is preferred.
[0012]
Usually, rosemary extract is obtained by extraction from rosemary. This extract can be either water-soluble or water-insoluble depending on the method of treating the extraction solvent or the extract. A water-soluble extract is obtained by, for example, treating with ethanol having a water content of 40 to 60%, adding water to this extract to precipitate a water-insoluble component, and then distilling off the solvent component after removing the water-insoluble component. It is done. As with the water-soluble extract, the water-insoluble extract is treated with, for example, ethanol having a water content of 40 to 60%, water is added to the extract to precipitate water-insoluble components, and activated carbon is further added thereto. After stirring, the mixture of the water-insoluble component and the activated carbon component is filtered from the solution, this mixture is treated and extracted with ethanol, and the solvent is distilled off from the extract to obtain a powdery water-insoluble solution. Can be obtained (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-4469). For the extraction, the whole plant of rosemary or its leaves, roots, stems, flowers, fruits and seeds may be used, but leaves are preferably used. It is preferable that the extraction is performed after chopping rosemary because the extraction efficiency is high.
(2) A coating agent film agent that is dispersible in water at 25 ° C. and has a surface tension of 40 mN / m or less means that a film can be formed at the air-oil interface or water-oil interface. In the present invention, the dispersibility in water under the condition of 25 ° C. means that the coating agent is added to and stirred at 25 ° C. water so as to be 1% by weight, and after heating to 70 ° C., the coating agent becomes familiar with water. Then, it is left to cool, and when it reaches 25 ° C., it is allowed to stand and the appearance is observed. After 10 seconds, no precipitate is seen on the bottom.
The surface tension of the coating agent is measured by a plate method (Wilhelmy method) using a 1% by weight aqueous coating agent solution. The surface tension of the coating agent is 40 mN / m or less, preferably 35 mN / m or less, and usually 5 mN / m or more.
[0013]
The coating agent preferably has 4 or more hydroxyl groups or an ionic group. More preferably, those having 6 or more hydroxyl groups or 2 or more ionic groups are preferred. Further, the hydrocarbon chain length is 6 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 or 20 to 22 having one or more unsaturated groups.
[0014]
Examples of the film agent of the present invention include silicon and an emulsifier, but an emulsifier is preferable. The HLB of the emulsifier is preferably 11 or more, more preferably 15 or more, and usually 50 or less. Silicon is preferably hydrophilic silicon. Examples of the emulsifier include sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polysorbate, lecithin (excluding lecithin), organic acid monoglycerin ester, lactic acid fatty acid ester and the like. Among them, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid Esters are preferred. Two or more of the above compounds may be used in combination as a coating agent.
(3) Other components In addition to the above, as a component to be blended in the oil deterioration preventing agent, in the case of bulk fats and oils, an unsaturated fatty acid having a low HLB value is used as a constituent fatty acid in order to improve the solubility of the antioxidant in oil. Add the emulsifiers included as The HLB of the emulsifier is usually 5 or less, preferably 3 or less, and usually 1 or more. In the case of an emulsion, a pH adjuster or a polysaccharide is added to improve the emulsion stability.
(4) Content of each component in the oil deterioration preventing agent The content of the compound having the ability to remove active oxygen in the oil deterioration preventing agent is usually 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10%. % By weight. In addition, the content of the coating agent that is dispersible in water and has a surface tension of 40 mN / m or less in the oil deterioration preventing agent is usually 10 to 95% by weight, preferably 20 to 75% by weight. It is. The ratio (weight ratio) of the compound having the ability to remove active oxygen in the oil deterioration inhibitor and the dispersant is usually 1 to 500: 50 to 5000, preferably 3 to 500: 100 to 2000, and more preferably 5 to 300. : 100-1000.
[0015]
The oil deterioration preventing agent of the present invention is added to emulsions such as the following bulk oil, O / W, and W / O emulsions to prevent oil deterioration (oxidation).
[Bulk oil]
Bulk oil is usually obtained by processing and refining vegetable oils such as safflower oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, and the like derived from natural products. , Lard, milk fat, and other animal oils, and oils and fats that are obtained by processing and purification from them, and that are said to deteriorate in the world. As other compounding components, there are lecithin and tocopherol originally present in fats and oils.
[0016]
To these oils and fats, the above-mentioned oil deterioration preventing agent may be added, or a compound having an ability to remove active oxygen and a coating agent may be added separately.
The amount added to the oil is usually 10 to 5000 ppm, preferably 30 to 5000 ppm, more preferably 50 to 3000 ppm for the compound having the ability to remove active oxygen, and the coating agent is usually 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight is desirable. If the amount of the compound having active oxygen removing ability or the coating agent is too large, each of them will not dissolve in oil, and problems such as taste and smell will occur.
[Emulsions such as O / W and W / O emulsions]
The fats and oils used as the emulsion are usually the fats and oils exemplified for the bulk oil. The mixing ratio of water and oil varies depending on the form of food. Generally, when water> oil, an O / W emulsion is formed, and when oil> water, a W / O emulsion is formed.
[0017]
Other compounding ingredients include lecithin and tocopherol originally present in vegetable oils. Moreover, in order to improve emulsification stability, a pH adjuster, a polysaccharide, and a specific gravity adjuster are added.
The emulsification stability may change dramatically depending on the pH, and therefore a pH adjuster may be used. Examples of pH adjusters include organic acids such as citric acid and DL-malic acid and their salts, carbonates such as sodium carbonate, and phosphoric acids such as phosphoric acid. Polysaccharides are used for viscosity adjustment and increase the emulsion stability. Examples of polysaccharides include pectin and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The specific gravity adjusting agent suppresses that the emulsification becomes unstable due to different specific gravity of water and oil.
[0018]
Preparation methods for emulsions such as O / W and W / O emulsions are detailed in the book ("Emulsion Basics and Stabilization and Evaluation Technology", Technical Information Association, September 30, 1998, first edition) is described.
The oil deterioration preventing agent may be added to a mixture of oil and water before homogenization, or may be added to fat or water before homogenization. Moreover, you may add the compound which has active oxygen removal ability, and a film agent separately. It is preferable to add the water-soluble coating agent and the water-soluble active oxygen removing compound to water.
[0019]
The amount added to the oil is usually 10 to 5000 ppm, preferably 30 to 5000 ppm, more preferably 50 to 3000 ppm for the compound having the ability to remove active oxygen, and the coating agent is usually 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight is desirable. If the amount of the compound having active oxygen removing ability or the coating agent is too large, each of them will not dissolve in oil, and problems such as taste and smell will occur.
[0020]
The oil deterioration preventing agent of the present invention is added to foods and cosmetics composed of bulk oil or an emulsifying system, and prevents deterioration of foods and cosmetics. Examples of the food include processed oils and fats including edible oils, processed fast spread mayonnaise, processed processed fats and oils, and confectionery such as potato chips and karinto. In addition, beverages containing a small amount of oil contained in wheat, coffee beans, and the like, milk beverages such as cafe au lait and milk tea, and desserts such as pudding and ice cream are also included. Examples of cosmetics include emulsions of O / W and W / O emulsions, and whitening agents and humectants used for the purpose of suppressing oil deterioration on the body surface. Furthermore, the clothes used for health promotion etc. for the purpose of suppressing the oil deterioration of the body surface are mentioned. On the other hand, toiletries such as a sheet in which the oil content on the surface deteriorates due to oxides contained in the air and a fragrance containing an oily fragrance component are included.
[0021]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention in detail, this invention is not restrict | limited in particular to these.
<Production of rosemary-water-soluble extract>
10 kg of 50% aqueous ethanol was added to 1 kg of rosemary, heated under reflux for 3 hours, and filtered while warm to obtain a filtrate. The process of extracting and treating the residual with 6 L of 50% aqueous ethanol in the same manner was repeated twice more to obtain a filtrate. When these filtrates were combined and 5 L of water was added, a precipitate was deposited. To this solution, 100 g of activated carbon was added, stirred for 1 hour, allowed to stand overnight in a cold place, and then filtered to obtain a filtrate. This was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 120 g of rosemary water extract.
<Production of Rosemary-water-insoluble extract>
10 kg of 50% aqueous ethanol was added to 1 kg of rosemary, heated under reflux for 3 hours, and filtered while warm to obtain a filtrate. The residue was similarly treated and extracted with 6 L of 50% aqueous ethanol in the same manner twice to obtain a filtrate. When these filtrates were combined and 5 L of water was added, a precipitate was deposited. To this filtrate, 100 g of activated carbon was added, stirred for 1 hour, allowed to stand overnight in a cool place, and then filtered to obtain a mixture of precipitate and activated carbon. 4 L of ethanol was added to this mixture, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours and filtered while warm to obtain a filtrate. An operation of treating and extracting the residue with 2.4 L of ethanol in the same manner was further repeated twice to obtain a filtrate. These filtrates were combined, concentrated under reduced pressure, and ethanol was distilled off to obtain a powdery rosemary water-insoluble extract.
<Measurement of active oxygen removal ability>
2.4 ml of 0.05 M Na 2 CO 3 buffer solution was taken into a test tube, and 0.1 ml each of 3 mM xanthine, 3 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 0.75 mM nitroblue tetrazolium were added. To this was added 0.1 ml of active oxygen-eliminating compound (concentration 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1%) and left at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes. . After 20 minutes, 0.1 ml of 6 mM CuCl 2 was added to stop the reaction, and the absorbance was measured at 560 nm. The blank was operated as described above using distilled water instead of the antioxidant. Enzyme inhibition using a linear function (linear expression) where a linear relationship is established between the concentration and enzyme inhibition activity when the enzyme inhibition activity obtained from each concentration is plotted, curve-fitted, and the concentration is taken logarithmically. The sample concentration (IC50) when the activity reached 50% was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0022]
[Table 1]
[0023]
<Observation of water dispersibility>
The emulsifier of Table 2 was added to 25 ° C. water so as to be 1% by weight, stirred and heated to 70 ° C., confirmed that the emulsifier had become familiar with water, allowed to cool, and allowed to stand at 25 ° C. The appearance was observed. In this appearance observation, when the precipitate was observed at the bottom in 10 seconds, the dispersibility in water was evaluated by ◯ indicating that no precipitate was observed at the bottom in 10 seconds. The results are shown in Table 2.
<Surface tension measurement>
A 0.1% by weight aqueous solution of the emulsifier of Table 2 was prepared, and this was measured by the plate method (Wilhelmy method) under the condition of a measurement temperature of 25 ° C. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
[Table 2]
[0025]
S1670: Sucrose fatty acid ester HLB16 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation S570: Sucrose fatty acid ester HLB5 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation L10D: Polyglycerol monolaurate ester Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Er60D: Polyglycerol hexaerucate <Oil deterioration prevention test> manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Examples 1-2, Comparative Examples 1-2 Bulk oil and fat system 1 part by weight of the active oxygen removing agent shown in Table 3 and 10 parts by weight of the coating agent were mixed to prepare an oil deterioration preventing agent. This oil deterioration inhibitor 0.11% by weight was added to soybean oil, which was put into a predetermined container, blown with air, and kept at 100 ° C. In general, oil is an oxidative deterioration phenomenon, and after the start, a certain volatile component comes out with time, and thereafter, the volatile component rapidly increases with time due to oxidative deterioration. The time when the volatile component increased rapidly was defined as the oxidation induction time (Rancimat test method). When the oil and fat deterioration preventing agent was added, the increase ratio was evaluated as the oil deterioration preventing ability as compared with the case of the compound having the active oxygen removing ability alone. In addition, what improved 5% or more was judged to be effective.
[0026]
[Table 3]
[0027]
Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 O / W emulsion system 1 part by weight of an active oxygen removing agent shown in Table 3 and 10 parts by weight of a coating agent were mixed to prepare an oil deterioration preventing agent. 30 parts by weight of pharmacopoeia soybean oil and 70 parts by weight of water are mixed, and an oil deterioration inhibitor is added to this so as to be 0.11% by weight with respect to pharmacopoeia soybean oil, and homogenized (6000 rpm, 10 minutes, 40 ° C.). did. The emulsion was placed in a container and incubated at 70 ° C. Sampling was performed after a certain time, and only the oil and fat were extracted, the amount of peroxide at wavelengths of 215 nm and 240 nm was measured, and the amount of peroxide in the oil after 20 hours was compared with the blank, and this was evaluated as the ability to prevent oil deterioration. In addition, what improved 5% or more was judged to be effective. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0028]
[Table 4]
[0029]
Examples 6-8, Comparative Examples 5-6 W / O emulsion system 1 part by weight of the active oxygen removing agent shown in Table 3 and 10 parts by weight of the coating agent were mixed to prepare an oil deterioration preventing agent. 70 parts by weight of pharmacopoeia soybean oil and 30 parts by weight of water are mixed, and an oil deterioration inhibitor is added to this so as to be 0.11% by weight with respect to the pharmacopoeia soybean oil, and homogenized (6000 rpm, 10 minutes, 40 ° C.) did. The emulsion was placed in a container and incubated at 70 ° C. Thereafter, the same treatment as in the O / W system was performed, and the oil deterioration prevention ability was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0030]
[Table 5]
[0031]
From this, it can be seen that the oil deterioration preventing agent of the present invention greatly contributes to prevention of oil deterioration.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
The oil deterioration preventing agent of the present invention exhibits a very excellent effect for preventing oil deterioration in any system.
Claims (5)
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