JP4206055B2 - Transmission type dam - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transmission-type dam, and is installed in a valley such as a mountain valley or a mountain stream, and allows a normal river flow or a small-scale debris flow to flow down. It relates to a transmission type dam that blocks the entire amount.

  For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-123433 (Patent Document) discloses a transmission type dam having a structure in which a river flow or a small-scale debris flow in a normal state is flowed down, and a large-scale debris flow that leads to a great disaster is blocked almost entirely 1) and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-290970 (Patent Document 2).

  The transmission-type dam proposed in Patent Document 1 is configured by opening and closing a steel gate at the opening of a concrete transmission-type dam, and this steel gate is usually used for the earth and sand accompanying small and medium water discharge downstream. It is open and fixed at the opening to be discharged, and when a large-scale debris flow is generated, the steel gate is closed by the energy of the debris flow and the entire amount is captured.

  However, although the above-mentioned permeable weir can be expected to capture the entire amount of debris flow when a large-scale debris flow occurs, the degree of debris flow should be closed when the steel gate is closed. It is difficult to adjust the degree of opening of the gate that affects it, and the steel gate is closed by a rather large mechanism of closing the steel gate with the energy of the debris flow. It is.

  In addition, the transmission dam proposed in Patent Document 2 has a concrete sphere having a diameter larger than the width of the culvert portion upstream of the dam (dam) main body having the culvert portion, When a debris flow occurs, the concrete sphere carried by the debris flow closes the culvert of the sabo dam and aims to capture the entire debris flow.

  However, although the proposed transmission type dam can be expected to capture the entire amount of debris flow when a large-scale debris flow occurs, the concrete sphere is assumed to have a large diameter of 4 m or more (paragraph of Patent Document 2). 0023), it is difficult to predict the method of manufacturing the sphere and the method of installing it on the dam, and even if it can be manufactured and installed, high cost is expected. On the other hand, if the culvert is small and the concrete sphere is relatively small in diameter, the sphere is made of concrete, so it may be destroyed when colliding with the sabo dam, and there is concern that the culvert cannot be closed. . In addition, after the occurrence of a large-scale debris flow, the concrete sphere is likely to be damaged at least in some cases, and it is difficult to reuse it and there is a problem in terms of cost.

On the other hand, the types of dams are broadly divided into non-permeable types and transmissive types. So far, sabo dams generally mean non-permeable type dams, and many have been constructed. However, in recent years, the management of “sand flow system”, which is consistent with upstream and downstream, has become important, and the number of constructions has gradually increased as permeation type dams have attracted attention. On the other hand, however, only a few cases have been reported, such as the capture of only a part of the large-scale debris flow that causes enormous damage, or almost no capture. The basic function that is possessed, that is, the capture of the entire amount, is also required for the transmission type. Moreover, in order to install it, it must be something that makes the local residents feel reassured that they always capture debris flows that cause enormous damage.
JP 2001-123433 A JP 2000-290970 A

  The present invention has been made on the basis of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to have a relatively simple structure, and at the time of normal and medium and small water discharges, it can secure an opening and allow the earth and sand to flow downstream. When a large-scale debris flow is generated, the opening is closed together with the debris to provide a transmission type dam that can capture the entire debris flow.

The transmission type dam according to the present invention for achieving the above object has the following configuration. That is, the transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 1) is a transmission type dam in which an opening through which a debris flow passes is formed by a rod-shaped member, and at least one rod-shaped member of the rod-shaped member that forms the opening. the rod member member freely movable is provided for enclosing the Rutotomoni, the freely movable members is one in which the inner circumferential surface becomes coated with a resilient material.

In the above configuration, at least one (hereinafter referred to as tubular member) freely movable members enclosing the rod-shaped member to the rod-like member is provided Rutotomoni, members of the freely movable rod-like member forming the opening However, since the inner peripheral surface is covered with an elastic material, even when relatively large stones intermittently flow into the opening in normal times and during small and medium water discharge, the cylinder is pushed by the flow of the stones. Even if the shaped member moves so as to be eccentric with respect to the axis of the rod-shaped member and the stone flows down or is sandwiched, there is another opening, so the opening is not completely closed, The normal flow is maintained without causing wear or damage to the rod-shaped member or cylindrical member, but when a large-scale debris flow occurs, large stones continuously flow into the opening by the debris flow, Depending on the stone sandwiched between the openings The eccentric movement of the cylindrical member with respect to the axis of the rod-shaped member is restricted, and the opening on the eccentric side is narrowed, so that even a relatively small stone that has flowed into the opening can be prevented from flowing down one after another. The opening is narrowed, the opening is completely closed, and the entire debris flow is captured without causing wear or damage to the rod-like member or cylindrical member .

  In the transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 2), the rod-like member in the invention of Claim 1 is a vertical bar-like member standing on the river bed or / and a horizontal bar-like member erected in the transverse direction of the river. Is.

The transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 3) is a transmission type dam formed by forming a horizontal bar-shaped member and a vertical bar-shaped member in a lattice shape and forming a large number of openings through which a debris flow passes. one of the openings of the lateral rod member member freely movable enclosing the transverse rod-like member is provided Rutotomoni, the freely movable members is one in which the inner circumferential surface becomes coated with a resilient material.

  The transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 4) is a vertical bar-shaped member in place of the horizontal bar-shaped member in the invention of Claim 3 above, and is provided with a freely movable member containing the vertical bar-shaped member. .

The transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 5) is the invention according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 , wherein the freely movable member may be a cylindrical member.

In the transmissive dam according to the present invention (Claim 6), in the invention according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, a freely movable member may have its outer peripheral surface covered with an elastic material. It is what.

In the transmission dam according to the present invention (Claim 7), in the invention according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, the freely movable member may be provided with an uneven portion on the outer peripheral surface thereof. It is what.

The transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 8) is the invention according to any one of Claims 1 to 7 , wherein the freely movable member may be coated with an elastic material at both end faces. It is what.

The transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 9) is the invention according to any one of Claims 1 to 8 , wherein the freely movable member may be provided with a flange on the outer peripheral surface thereof. To do.

The transmission type dam according to the present invention (Claim 10) is the invention according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 , wherein the freely movable member is formed by an elastic member reinforced with a metal material. It is also good.

  According to the transmission type dam according to the present invention, a relatively simple structure can be used to secure an opening during normal and medium and small water discharges, and to allow sediment to flow downstream, and when large debris flow occurs, the opening Can be closed together with debris to capture the entire debris flow.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a transmission type dam according to the present invention, in which a is a front view and b is a top view.

  The transmission type dam 1 includes a concrete side wall 3 provided so as to cross the river on both sides of the river bed 2, and a plurality (four in this example) erected with the lower part buried in the concrete foundation 4 of the river bed 2. A vertical round bar-like member 5 made of steel and at least one of the vertical round bar-like members 5 (two in this example) and larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the vertical round bar-like member 5 and having a vertical round shape And a tubular member 7 made of steel having an inner diameter (or diagonal line) smaller than the width of the opening 6 between the rod-like members 5 and 5. Reference numeral 8 denotes a reinforcing steel horizontal bar-like member in which the upper ends of the steel vertical round bar-like members 5 are connected and fixed, and the flat frame 9 is composed of the horizontal bar-like member 8 and the vertical round bar-like member 5. Is configured.

  In the above configuration, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 2, the cylindrical member 7 is freely swung or rotated to either side of the left and right openings 6 outside the vertical round bar-shaped member 5. Since it can move in the direction of A, even when a relatively large stone B intermittently flows into the opening 6 in normal times and during small and medium water discharge, the cylindrical member 7 is pushed by the flow of the stone B, Even if the stone B moves down in the direction of arrow A so as to be eccentric with respect to the axial center of the vertical rod-like member 5, or the stone B is sandwiched by the opening 6, there is another opening 6. Therefore, the normal flow is maintained.

  However, when a large-scale debris flow occurs, as shown in FIG. 2b, the large stone C continuously flows into the opening 6 due to the debris flow, and therefore the arrow of the cylindrical member 7 is formed by the stone C sandwiched between the openings 6. Since the eccentric movement in the direction of A is restricted and the opening 6 on the eccentric side is narrowed, even the small stone B compared to the large stone C flowing into the opening 6 is prevented from flowing down, one after another. The opening is narrowed, the opening 6 is completely closed, and the entire debris flow is captured. In the case of this example, if the cylindrical member 7 is provided on at least one of the plurality of vertical round bar-like members 5, the above-mentioned effect can be expected. However, depending on the scale of the transmission type dam 1, all the vertical rounds can be expected. You may provide in the rod-shaped member 5 and you may provide every other. Moreover, when providing in the some vertical round bar-shaped member 5, the shape and magnitude | size of each cylindrical member 7 may be the same, or may differ.

  FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the transmission type dam according to the present invention, in which a is a front view and b is a side sectional view.

  The transmission-type dam 10 includes a concrete side wall 3 provided so as to cross the river on both sides of the river bed 2, and a plurality of (books) provided with an end buried in the side surface 11 of the concrete side wall 3 and across the river bed 2. In this example, the horizontal round bar-shaped member 12 made of steel and the horizontal round bar-shaped member 12 inserted outside at least one of the horizontal round bar-shaped members 12 (the lower one in this example). And a cylindrical member 7 having an inner diameter (or diagonal line) smaller than the transverse cross-sectional diameter of the river bed 2 and the horizontal round bar member 12 and the width of the opening 6 between the horizontal round bar members 12 and 12. Has been. Reference numeral 13 denotes a reinforcing steel vertical bar-like member erected on the river bed 2 for connecting and fixing the central part of the horizontal horizontal bar-like member 12 made of steel. A planar frame 14 is constituted by the rod-shaped member 12.

  Also in the above configuration, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 4, the cylindrical member 7 freely swings or rotates to either side of the upper and lower openings 6 on the outer side of the horizontal round bar-shaped member 12. Since it can move in the direction of D, even when a relatively large stone B intermittently flows into the lower stage opening 6 in normal times and during small and medium water discharge, the cylindrical member 7 is pushed by the flow of the stone B and The stone B is moved down so as to be pushed downstream in the river while being eccentric with respect to the axis of the horizontal rod-like member 5 in the direction of the arrow D, or the stone B flows down or the lower opening 6 Even if it is sandwiched between the two, the other lower stage opening 6 and the other opening 6 exist, so that the normal flow is maintained.

  However, when a large-scale debris flow occurs, as shown in FIG. 4 b, the large stone C continuously flows into the lower opening 6 due to the debris flow, so that the cylindrical member 7 is formed by the stone C sandwiched between the lower openings 6. Is pushed upward in the direction of the arrow D, and the movement is restricted. As a result, the upper opening 6 is narrowed, so that even the small stone B that flows into the opening 6 is prevented from flowing down. As a result, the openings narrow one after another, the opening 6 is completely closed, and the entire debris flow is captured. In the case of this example, the cylindrical member 7 can be expected to have the above-described effects as long as it is provided in at least one of the plurality of horizontal round bar-shaped members 12, but depending on the scale of the transmission type dam 10, May be provided on the horizontal round bar-shaped member 12 or may be provided every other line from the bottom. Moreover, when providing in the some horizontal round rod-shaped member 12, the shape and magnitude | size of each cylindrical member 7 may be the same, or may differ.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the transmission type dam according to the present invention, in which a is a cross-sectional view parallel to the flow direction of the river, and b is an external view as viewed from the upstream side of the river. The transmission type dam 15 shown in FIG. 5 has a horizontal bar-like member 16 and a vertical bar-like member 17 made of steel in the width direction and flow direction of the river instead of the planar frames 9 and 14 in FIGS. The case of the three-dimensional frame 18 assembled in a lattice shape is shown.

  Also in the transmission type dam 15 as shown in FIG. 5, at least one of the horizontal bar-shaped member 16 or the vertical bar-shaped member 17 in the opening 19 constituted by the horizontal bar-shaped member 16 and the vertical bar-shaped member 17 of the three-dimensional frame 18. The tubular member 7 is inserted so as to be freely movable outside the book (in this example, all of the uppermost horizontal bar-like member 16).

  Even in the above configuration, when a small and medium scale debris flow is generated, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 6, the cylindrical member 7A provided with the bottom horizontal bar member 16A is lifted by the energy of the debris flow, so that the lowest level The space between the horizontal bar-shaped member 16A and the river bed surface is expanded and the debris flow can flow down. There is a possibility that the second-stage cylindrical member 7B is pushed up by the lowermost-stage tubular member 7A pushed up or pushed up by the debris flow over the lowermost-stage tubular member 7A. There is little to be pushed up in either case. The third and subsequent cylindrical members 7C, which are not affected by the debris flow, are merely hung on the horizontal bar-shaped member 16 according to gravity.

  On the other hand, when a large-scale debris flow has occurred, as shown in FIG. 6b, the debris flow first gets over the height of the bottom cylindrical member 7A at an early stage, and the second and third cylindrical members 7B. Reach up to ~ height. Any cylindrical member 7 is pushed from each upstream side (from the upper right and lower right in the figure) by megaliths and is caught by the pressing force of the megaliths and the horizontal bar-like member 16 and cannot move further downstream The reaction force of 7 is balanced and the stone group can be stopped.

Next, the specific size of the opening 6 (19) and the principle of capturing the debris flow will be described. The diameter of the cylindrical member 7 is d, the largest boulder diameter of the intrusive debris flow is d _max , the distance between the horizontal bar-shaped members or the vertical bar-shaped members constituting the opening 6 or the height of the horizontal bar-shaped member and the river bed When the interval is L = β · d _max , β is generally 1.5 to 2.0. For example, in the case of d _max = 1.0 m and β = 1.5 as an example, if a cylindrical object 7 having a diameter d = 0.5 · β · d _max = 0.75 m is installed, medium-to-small scale debris flow At the time of occurrence, the maximum distance between the riverbed and the bottom horizontal bar member is L = β · d _max = 1.5 m, and the debris flow can be allowed to flow downstream with a margin. On the other hand, when a large-scale debris flow occurs, assuming that any cylindrical member 7 is located at the same position as the center of the circle and the center of the horizontal bar-like member, the distance between the river bed and the lowermost horizontal bar-like member is L = β · d _max −0.5 · d = 1.1 m, and the distance between the bar members is L = β · d _max −d = 0.75 m. In general, most of the debris flow can be captured if L / d _max <1.0. In this case, almost all of the debris flow is captured.

  As explained above, according to the transmission type dams 1, 10, 15 it is possible to secure the openings 6 and 19 during normal times and during small and medium water discharge, and to allow the sediment to flow downstream, and when large debris flows occur. By closing the openings 6 and 19 together with the debris, the entire amount of debris flow can be captured, and the problem of complete disaster shutdown and prevention of environmental destruction can be solved.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which one long cylindrical member is provided between the vertical rod-shaped members as the cylindrical member 7 is illustrated and described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, As shown in FIG. 7, two or more short cylindrical members 7 may be provided at intervals or connected to each other. In this case, a wire or the like may be used at intervals. By setting it as such a form, the weight per one of the cylindrical members 7 can be reduced, and transportation and handling to a dam by a truck, a crane, etc. become easy.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the cylindrical member was illustrated and demonstrated as the cylindrical member 7, this invention is not limited to this, For example, the cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical member 7 is an ellipse or square or more It may be a polygon. According to such a shape, when the cross-sectional shape is a perfect circle (cylindrical), the cylindrical member 7 is very easy to rotate on the outer periphery of the vertical or horizontal bar-shaped member, and the stationary stability of the stone group after capture may be poor. Although there is a concern, the concern is solved because it is difficult to rotate.

  Moreover, since the cylindrical member 7 moves and rotates violently around the vertical or horizontal bar-shaped member, it is unavoidable that the cylindrical member 7 is in violent contact with each other. Therefore, they are easily worn out and cause damage. Therefore, the inner diameter side surface of the cylindrical member 7 in the above embodiment is covered with an elastic material (rubber, resin, etc.) 20 as shown in FIG.

  Moreover, the cylindrical member 7 must naturally come into intense contact with the debris group in order to block the debris flow. It is expected that the cylindrical member 7 is weak against an impact from the side because of its cylindrical shape characteristics, and the cylindrical member 7 is immediately cramped or the surface is bumpy. Therefore, the outer surface of the cylindrical member 7 in the above embodiment is covered with a resin 21 as shown in FIG. 9 to buffer an impact at the time of collision with a megalith, and to increase the strength of the cylindrical member 7. Can do.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the cylindrical member with a smooth outer surface was illustrated and demonstrated as the cylindrical member 7, this invention is not limited to this, For example, as shown in FIG. On the outer surface of the member 7, a line-like protrusion (or depression) 22 (see FIG. 10a) or a number of regular (or irregular) protrusions 23 (see FIG. 10b) may be formed. . When the opening 6 is closed by the gravel group by having such an uneven portion, the closed state can be formed in a good condition because the unevenness of the gravel is firmly engaged, and the closed state can be made difficult to collapse, the debris group It becomes easy to capture.

  The cylindrical member 7 moves and rotates violently around the vertical or horizontal bar-shaped member. For this reason, both end portions are in violent contact with the adjacent rod-shaped members, and are easily damaged. Therefore, damage can be prevented by covering both ends of the cylindrical member 7 in the above embodiment with an elastic material (rubber, resin, etc.) 24 as shown in FIG.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 12, the cylindrical member 7 may have flanges 25 formed on its outer peripheral surface in the axial direction and the circumferential direction. According to this embodiment, the flange 25 can be provided with a function as a strength member, and the thickness of the cylindrical member 7 main body can be reduced to reduce the weight.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the tubular member 7 may have a form in which a tubular member piece 26 having a shape divided in parallel to the axial direction is formed with a flange 27 at its circumferential end and bolted 28. Good. Even in this configuration, as in the case of FIG. 12, the flange 27 can have a function as a strength member, and the thickness of the cylindrical member 7 main body can be reduced to reduce the weight. .

  Moreover, although the cylindrical member 7 demonstrated steel as an example, it may be an elastic member such as rubber or resin, or an elastic member reinforced with a metal material. In particular, in the case of an elastic member reinforced with a metal material, for example, an automobile waste tire 29 as shown in FIG. 14 can be used, and can be used by being provided on a rod-like member in the form shown in FIG. According to this embodiment, the surface has irregularities and it is easy to stop the debris, and cost reduction and weight reduction can be expected as compared with steel.

It is explanatory drawing of the transmission type dam according to this invention, Comprising: a is a front view, b is a top view. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged explanatory view of a debris flow state in a transmission type dam according to the present invention, in which a is a top sectional view in a normal state, and b is a top sectional view at a large scale. It is explanatory drawing of another embodiment of the transmission type dam according to this invention, Comprising: a is a front view, b is a sectional side view. It is a partial expanded explanatory view of the debris flow state in another embodiment of the transmission type dam according to the present invention, wherein a is a side sectional view at normal times, and b is a side sectional view at a large scale. It is explanatory drawing of another embodiment of the transmission type dam according to this invention, Comprising: a is sectional drawing parallel to the flow direction of a river, b is the external view seen from the upstream of the river. It is a partial expanded explanatory view of the debris flow state in another embodiment of the transmission type dam according to the present invention, wherein a is a side sectional view at normal times, and b is a side sectional view at a large scale. It is a perspective view of another embodiment of the cylindrical member concerning the present invention. It is sectional drawing of another embodiment of the cylindrical member which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of another embodiment of the cylindrical member which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view of another embodiment of the cylindrical member concerning the present invention, and a is a case of a line-like projection and b is a case of a projection piece. It is a perspective view of another embodiment of the cylindrical member concerning the present invention. It is a perspective view of another embodiment of the cylindrical member concerning the present invention. It is a perspective view of another embodiment of the cylindrical member concerning the present invention. It is a perspective view of another embodiment of the cylindrical member concerning the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: Transmission type dam 2: River bed 3: Concrete side wall 4: Concrete foundation 5: Vertical round bar-shaped member 6: Opening part 7: Cylindrical member 8: Reinforcing horizontal bar-shaped member 9: Flat frame 10: Transmission type dam 11: Side surface 12: Horizontal round bar-shaped member 13: Vertical bar-shaped member for reinforcement 14: Planar frame 15: Transmission type dam 7A-7C: Cylindrical member 16, 16A-16C: Horizontal bar-shaped member 17: Vertical bar-shaped member 18: Three-dimensional frame 19: Opening 20: Elastic covering material 21: Resin covering material 22: Projection 23: Protruding piece 24: Elastic covering material 25: Flange 26: Cylindrical member piece 27: Flange 28: Bolt 29: Waste tire A : Arrow B: Small stone C: Large stone D: Arrow

Claims (10)

  A transmission type dam in which an opening for passing a debris flow is formed by a rod-shaped member, and a freely movable member including the rod-shaped member is provided in at least one rod-shaped member of the rod-shaped member forming the opening, A transmission type dam characterized in that the freely movable member has its inner peripheral surface covered with an elastic material.   The transmission type dam according to claim 1, wherein the bar-shaped member is a vertical bar-shaped member standing on the river bed and / or a horizontal bar-shaped member erected in the crossing direction of the river.   A transmission type dam in which a horizontal bar-shaped member and a vertical bar-shaped member are formed in a lattice shape to form a large number of openings through which a debris flow passes, and the horizontal bar-shaped member is included in the horizontal bar-shaped member of at least one opening. A transmission type dam characterized in that a freely movable member is provided, and the freely movable member has an inner peripheral surface covered with an elastic material.   4. The transmission type dam according to claim 3, wherein a freely movable member including the vertical bar member is provided in the vertical bar member instead of the horizontal bar member. The permeable dam according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the freely movable member is a cylindrical member. The transmission type dam according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the freely movable member has an outer peripheral surface covered with an elastic material. The transmission type dam according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the freely movable member is provided with an uneven portion on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The transmission type dam according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the freely movable member has its both end surfaces covered with an elastic material. The transmission type dam according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the freely movable member is provided with a flange on an outer peripheral surface thereof. The transmission type dam according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the freely movable member is formed of an elastic member reinforced with a metal material.

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