JP4202328B2 - Work determination support apparatus and method, and recording medium - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a work determination support apparatus and method, and a recording medium, and more particularly, a work determination support in which a work plan is calculated from the weather for each field, the state of the crop for each field, and the state of the soil for each field. The present invention relates to an apparatus and method, and a recording medium.

  In the cultivation of agricultural crops, farm workers generally determine the contents and timing of farm work using a cultivation calendar. The cultivating calendar is a generalized description of the work for the season or the growth stage of the crop, based on the past crop growth and the climate of the cultivation region. Adjustments to the characteristics of individual fields and the characteristics of varieties are made by adjusting the time of work, the amount of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, etc., by farm workers based on experience.

  For example, fertilization is intended to supplement components necessary for growing crops such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium contained in soil. Naturally, since the soil components differ depending on the field, the appropriate fertilization amount varies from field to field. Moreover, even if it is the same crop, the component of the soil required by the varieties differs. Furthermore, even if it is the crop of the same kind, the growth amount of a crop changes with the integrated temperature and the amount of solar radiation of cultivation time, and the soil component required at this time differs. Even within the same area, the integrated temperature and amount of solar radiation in the field vary depending on the surrounding environment of the field, basic properties of the soil, water veins, and the like. Therefore, the farm worker grasps these through experience and adjusts the time of farm work, the amount of fertilizer, the amount of agricultural chemicals, etc. based on the cultivation calendar.

  In addition, control work for diseases and pests is usually performed mainly for the purpose of preventing occurrence at a predetermined time. When serious illnesses and pests occur in a wide area, local agricultural work guidance organizations such as agricultural cooperatives, agricultural improvement and extension offices, and agricultural mutual aid associations take the lead, and agricultural workers or these organizations respond. At this time, an optimal treatment is proposed for the corresponding whole area, and an optimal treatment is not necessarily proposed for each individual field.

  As described above, the conventional farm work has a problem that it depends on the experience of the farm worker, and the execution time and contents of the farm work for each individual farm are not always appropriate.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to always support the determination of the appropriate time and contents of farm work for each farm field, regardless of the amount of experience of farm workers. It is another object of the present invention to enable quick and reliable execution and change of soil information.

The work determination support device according to the present invention includes a soil information storage means for classifying and storing information on soil in a field as a farmland in a hierarchy divided by a unit of time and a unit of the size of the farmland, and a crop information for each field Pathological and disease prediction means for predicting the occurrence and spread of pathology and disease, and work determination means for determining a plan of work to be performed in a predetermined field from information on soil and prediction of occurrence and spread of pathology and disease.
Field weather prediction means for predicting weather for each field is further provided, and the pathological disease prediction means predicts the occurrence and diffusion of pathology and disease from the prediction of weather.
Detection means for detecting pathological and disease occurrence status of a predetermined field and information on the growth stage of the crop is further provided, and the pathological disease prediction means is configured to detect pathology and disease from information on the pathology and disease occurrence status and the crop growth stage. Predict occurrence and spread.
The pathological disease prediction means records the past pathology and the occurrence of the disease for each field.

The work decision support method according to the present invention includes a soil information storing step for classifying and storing information on soil in a field as a farmland in a hierarchy divided by a unit of time and a unit of width of the farmland, and a crop for each farm field A pathological disease prediction step for predicting the occurrence and spread of pathology and disease, and a work determination step for determining a plan of work to be performed in a predetermined field from the information on the soil and the prediction of the occurrence and spread of the pathology and disease, and It is characterized by including.

The program of the recording medium of the present invention includes a soil information storage step for classifying and storing information on soil in a field as a farmland in a hierarchy divided by a unit of time and a unit of width of the farmland, and a crop for each of the fields A pathological disease prediction step for predicting the occurrence and spread of pathology and disease, and a work determination step for determining a plan of work to be performed in a predetermined field from the information on the soil and the prediction of the occurrence and spread of the pathology and disease, and It is characterized by including.

In the work determination support apparatus and work determination support method of the present invention, and the recording medium , information related to the soil of the field as the farmland is classified and stored in a hierarchy divided by the unit of time and the unit of the size of the farmland, The pathology of crops and the occurrence and spread of diseases are predicted for each field, and the plan of work to be performed in a predetermined field is determined from the information on the soil and the prediction of the occurrence and spread of pathologies and diseases .

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to always support the determination of the appropriate time and contents of farm work for each farm field, regardless of the experience amount of the farm worker.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of an agricultural component and an embodiment of the agricultural work determination support system of the present invention. A crop 2 is planted on the field 1 by a farm worker 3. The farm worker 3 uses the farm equipment 4 necessary or suitable for farm work (such as a tractor, a combiner, a rice transplanter, etc. with attachments attached. FIG. 1 shows a tractor as an example). Execute. Depending on the farm work, although not shown in FIG. 1, agricultural materials such as a vinyl house and a nursery box are used. In addition, consumer goods such as fertilizers and agricultural chemicals are also used. The farm worker 3 makes the maximum yield and quality of the crop 2 planted on the field 1 with respect to the investment required for these farm equipment, agricultural materials and consumer materials, and the amount of work required for farm work. Select the time of farm work and the contents of farm work.

  A personal computer 6 constituting the farm work determination support system is connected to a network 7 represented by the Internet. The network 7 includes an external database and the like, and provides appropriate information requested in response to access from the personal computer 6. The personal computer 6 only needs to be able to perform necessary information processing, and may be a workstation, a sequencer, an information processing device dedicated to agricultural work determination support, or the like.

  The personal computer 6 accesses the network 7 and obtains information such as the weather necessary for supporting the farm work and the state of occurrence of pests in the surrounding farm fields. A crop sensor 8 that captures an image of the crop 2 in the field 1, a weather sensor 9 that detects the weather in the field 1, and a soil sensor 10 that detects the state of the soil in the field 1 are connected to the personal computer 6. The image of the crop 2 of the field 1 captured by the crop sensor 8 is captured by the personal computer 6 and subjected to predetermined processing, and the occurrence of a disease is determined from the current crop length indicating the current crop 2 length and the color of the crop 2. Information indicating the situation and the like. Specifically, the crop sensor 8 may be a sensor that can use a CCD image sensor, a video camera, or the like and obtain a predetermined image resolution.

  The weather sensor 9 supplies weather information such as the temperature, humidity, water temperature, amount of solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction of the field 1 to the personal computer 6. The weather sensor 9 is composed of a set of a plurality of sensors such as an air temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and may have a function equivalent to that of the observation point sensor for weather observation. Specifically, the temperature sensor may be a resistance thermometer, a thermocouple, and the solar radiation sensor may be a photo sensor. The soil sensor 10 supplies the personal computer 6 with information on the state of the soil such as the ground temperature, water content, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium content, etc. of the field 1. Specifically, the soil sensor 10 can use an infrared spectrophotometer, an emission analyzer, a nuclear magnetic resonance absorber, or the like.

  FIG. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram of the personal computer 6. A CPU (central processing unit) 21 actually executes various application programs and a basic OS (operating system). In general, a ROM (read-only memory) 22 stores basically fixed data among programs used by the CPU 21 and calculation parameters. A RAM (random-access memory) 23 stores programs used in the execution of the CPU 21 and parameters that change as appropriate during the execution. These are connected to each other by a bus 32.

  The keyboard 25 is operated by the farm worker 3 when inputting text or inputting various commands to the CPU 21. The mouse 26 is operated by the farm worker 3 when instructing or selecting a point on the screen of a CRT (cathode ray tube) display 27. The CRT display 27 displays various information as text and images. An HDD (hard disk drive) 28 and an FDD (floppy disk drive) 29 drive a hard disk or a floppy (registered trademark) disk, respectively, and record or reproduce programs executed by the CPU 21 or information. The communication board 30 is a device for connecting to a public line including an ISDN (integrated service digital network) or a communication line such as a LAN (local area network). Specifically, the communication board 30 includes a modem and various LAN boards. The The sensor connection board 31 is a device for taking in information from the crop sensor 8, the weather sensor 9, and the soil sensor 10 into the personal computer 6. These keyboard 25 to sensor connection board 31 are connected to an interface 24, and the interface 24 is connected to the CPU 21 via a bus 32.

  FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of a farm work determination support system realized by the CPU 21 executing the program. The crop growth model 41 predicts the growth of the crop for each field. Taking cabbage as an example, the spread of leaves, the start time of the outer leaf growth period, the start time of heading, the size of heading, and the like are predicted. Further, the crop growth model 41 also stores crop growth performance information from the start of prediction to the present time for each field. The pathological disease model 42 calculates the occurrence probability of diseases and pests in units of fields. In addition, the diffusion of the disease and pest that once occurred is predicted, and the predicted damage is calculated. Damage here refers to the percentage of crops that cannot be shipped. Furthermore, the pathological disease model 42 records past pathological disease occurrence results for each field.

  The field weather model 43 predicts the weather in the field unit, and stores the past weather results in the field unit. The work history management unit 44 stores a work history of farm work for each field. For example, in the case of control, the execution date, the type, amount, and spraying method of the pesticide used for control are stored. The display unit 45 determines the display format of the information provided to the farm worker 3 and causes the CRT display 27 to display it. Basically, the display unit 45 preferentially displays highly urgent information and highly important information. The display format may be set by the farm worker 3.

  The farm work knowledge database 46 stores information necessary for determining farm work and provides it on demand. This also has a function of reading necessary information from the network 7, a recording medium, etc. and updating the contents. Information on crop varieties includes crop name, cultivar name, germination rate, sowing rate, growth function, cultivar characteristics data including flowering, fruiting function, pest resistance, etc., fertilization response, environmental response indicating behavior to temperature and solar radiation Characteristics, cultivation workability indicating the precautions of cultivation work, cultivation characteristics consisting of harvesting methods, etc., storage and transportation characteristics consisting of maturity / aging, density, volume, shape, etc. Moreover, the information regarding a fertilizer consists of a cost, an effect, an ingredient, a usage method, etc. Information about control consists of cost, effect, ingredients, usage, and the like. Furthermore, the farm work knowledge database 46 includes information on farm work methods and irrigation plans.

  The field map 47 stores information indicating the classification, the crop history indicating the overall characteristics of the field, and the physical characteristics of the soil for each field. The farm work support unit 48 calculates a work content plan for farm work, and can calculate a plurality of work content plans in response to one calculation request. The plan management unit 49 receives an input reflecting the decision making of the farm worker 3 and holds the basic cultivation plan. Basically, a farm work plan is calculated based on the basic cultivation plan in consideration of the state of the crop 2 and weather prediction. The detection unit 50 manages the crop sensor 8, the weather sensor 9, and the soil sensor 10, captures the detection data, processes the detection data, and provides the crop growth model 41, the field weather model 43, and the like. The communication unit 51 communicates with the network 7 and acquires weather information, information on the occurrence status of pests and the like in surrounding fields from an external database.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the crop growth model 41. From the detection unit 50, the current crop length yn, the crop growth stage st, and the crop density d are input. The amount of solar radiation s, temperature tem, and rainfall r are input from the field weather model 43. The work history management unit 44 inputs the irrigation amount i and the fertilization amount dr. From the field map 47, the soil mother basic characteristic b and the soil fertilizer component n are input. The growth amount Y of the entire crop in a predetermined field is expressed by the area of the individual growth amount y, and is expressed by the formula (1).
Y (t) = y (t) dS = h {dy / dt; b; n (t ₀ ), dr (t);
s (t), tem (t); i (t), r (t); d (t)} dtdS (1)

h is a complex system function representing the relationship between each factor and the amount of growth. Here, if the control of the temperature tem is large, the growth amount y may be approximated by a linear relationship as shown in Expression (2).
y (t) = h1 (t−τ) tem (τ) dr (2)

  Alternatively, in the case of paddy rice, the growth amount may be calculated using an ORYZA model or Horie model. For crops for which the growth factor y is unknown, the parameters of the complex system function of Equation (1) may be identified using fuzzy or genetic algorithms.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the field weather model 43. The field meteorological model 43 has information on past temperature, humidity, water temperature, ground temperature, amount of solar radiation, sunshine duration, precipitation intensity, wind speed / wind direction for each field, and the current temperature and humidity of the field from the detection unit 50. Get information on water temperature, ground temperature, solar radiation, sunshine duration, precipitation intensity, wind speed and direction. Further, the field weather model 43 takes in the weather information via the communication unit 51, and further obtains the current crop length yn and the crop density d from the detection unit 50. Based on the weather information obtained through the communication unit 51, the field weather model 43 takes into account factors such as weather changes from the past to the present and changes in temperature, humidity, and ground temperature depending on the stage of crop growth. Predict the field unit weather (micro-meteorology near crops).

  FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of the farm field map 47. In order to describe the characteristics of the field 1, the field map 47 classifies information about the field 1 into four layers, and stores each layer divided into a time scale and a space scale. The first hierarchy has farmland classification information that represents the overall characteristics of the field 1. Specifically, this hierarchy includes classification information indicating the basic characteristics of paddy fields, upland fields (including orchards), and grassland fields, as well as past crop history controlled by weather and a wider production environment. The information is memorized. Information on the classification of paddy field, field, and grassland is recorded for each field in units of 10 years. The information of the crop history is recorded for each field in units of one year or four seasons.

  The second layer to the fourth layer of the farm field map 47 indicate the soil characteristics of the farm field. The second hierarchy shows the soil classification of the subsoil. FIG. 7 shows triangular coordinates indicating the composition classification of the soil. The basic properties of the soil are expressed by the position of the subsoil on the triangular coordinates. The nature of the subsoil dominates the basic properties of the soil. The nature of the earth cannot be changed artificially, and once observed information does not need to be changed for more than 50 years, and information can be held in units of 10a. The third level shows the basic characteristics of the soil on the field surface where 70% of the crop roots are distributed. Specifically, it has information such as water permeability distribution, groundwater level distribution, soil depth distribution, and weed species distribution. The basic characteristics of the soil can be changed by changing the soil, but in reality, it is difficult to change economically, there is almost no change in the period of about 5 to 10 years, and information is in units of a. Should be held.

  The fourth level shows the short-term fluctuation characteristics of the soil. Specifically, it has information on the distribution of weeds, ground surface relief, organic matter content, trace element distribution, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium distribution, and the like. Since these fluctuate significantly over several years and can be artificially changed in a short period, detailed distribution information in units of one year and in units of m is required.

  For long-term soil property management and long-term management strategy, it is important in the order of the first hierarchy, the second hierarchy, the third hierarchy, and the fourth hierarchy. Conversely, short-term predictions such as the yield of crop 2 in a single year have influences in the order of the fourth hierarchy, the third hierarchy, the second hierarchy, and the first hierarchy. Therefore, the access frequency increases in the order of the fourth layer, the third layer, the second layer, and the first layer in the farm work determination support. Thus, the data structure reflecting the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. 6 allows the soil information to be changed and read out quickly and reliably. More specifically, a soil map having a hierarchical structure is realized on a relational database or an object-oriented database.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the pathological disease model 42. First, the pathological disease model 42 calculates the occurrence probability of the pathological disease. The pathological disease model 42 retrieves past pathological disease occurrence distribution data stored therein, obtains field weather prediction information from the field weather model 43, and obtains information on the crop growth stage via the detection unit 50. Based on these, the occurrence probability P (x; t) of the pathological disease is calculated by Equation (3).
P (x; t) = F (V (x), ST (x; t), EN (x; t)) (3)

  Here, P (x; t) is a probability including time and space. V (x) represents the occurrence distribution of past pathological diseases. ST (x; t) indicates the crop growth stage. EN (x; t) indicates field weather prediction. The function F has an integral form of variables since it relates to the past history of pathological disease occurrence distribution V, crop growth stage ST, and field weather forecast EN.

Next, the pathological disease model 42 obtains information on the current pathological disease generation amount of the field via the detection unit 50 and information on the peripheral pathological disease generation amount via the communication unit 51, and the occurrence probability of the pathological disease. Based on P (x; t) and the actual amount D of pathological diseases, the diffusion of the pathological diseases is predicted from Equation (4).
dD (x; t) = P (x; t ₀ ) ΔG (k, D, ST, EN) (4)

Here, k represents a diffusion coefficient. Equation (4) has the form of a diffusion equation, and the subsequent increase in pathological diseases occurring at a certain time t ₀ is the diffusion coefficient k, the amount D of pathological diseases, and the field weather prediction EN, the crop growth stage ST Described by the time evolution of.

The damage prediction is calculated by multiplying the amount D of pathological diseases by the damage coefficient α. The damage coefficient α indicates the degree of influence on the harvest amount with respect to the pathological disease occurrence amount D. The damage coefficient α may be calculated as a function of the elapsed time from the time t ₀ when the pathological disease occurs and the field weather prediction EN, or may be calculated from information obtained by the detection unit.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the operation of the farm work determination support system from the selection of the crop to the end of the entire farm work of crop cultivation. In step S11, the farm worker 3 causes the farm work determination support system to display crop, variety, and market information. In step S12, the farm worker 3 selects and sets the crop 1 and the field 1 to be planted, and causes the farm work determination support system to predict the harvest and investment. Here, the investment refers to purchase costs such as seeds, agricultural chemicals, and fertilizers, labor costs, and purchase costs of farm equipment and agricultural materials. In step S <b> 13, the farm worker 3 determines the field 1 to be planted with crops and varieties. In step S <b> 14, the farm work determination support system creates a basic cultivation schedule from the information on the crops and varieties determined in step S <b> 13 and the field to be planted.

  In step S15, farm work determination support is started based on the basic cultivation schedule created in step S14. Here, the farm work determination support system executes necessary initial settings such as a crop growth model. In step S16, the farm work determination support system displays the farm work plan at the time when the farm work is necessary. The farm work plan displayed here is not necessarily singular. In step S <b> 17, the farm worker 3 selects and determines the farm work plan shown in step S <b> 16 and executes the farm work on the field 1 and the crop 2. In step S18, the farm worker 3 inputs the result of the farm work performed in step S17 to the farm work determination support system. In step S19, the farm work support system determines whether or not all farm work has been completed. If it is determined that all farm work has not been completed, the process returns to step S16 to continue the process. If it is determined in step S19 that all farm work has been completed, the farm work determination support system ends the operation.

  As described above, the farm work determination support system provides information necessary for decision making by the farm worker 3 from the start to the end of cropping. In the display of the basic cultivation schedule and the farm work plan, related information is integrated and displayed after correction in units of fields, so that the farm worker 3 can make an appropriate farm work selection decision without having farm work experience. . In addition, even an experienced farm worker 3 can prevent oversight of items to be judged, and a stable crop yield can be obtained.

  FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional block and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks in step S11 for displaying the crop, variety, and market information of FIG. First, in step S101, the farm worker 3 requests the plan management unit 49 to display crop, variety, and market information. In step S <b> 102, the plan management unit 49 executes a process corresponding to a crop / variety information request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits a message including the crop name and the variety name input by the farm worker 3 to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S161, the farm work knowledge beta base 46 searches for information on crops and varieties based on the names of crops and varieties in the received message. Here, the information on crops and varieties includes general characteristics such as disease resistance, size, proper cropping type, crop characteristics such as cultivation precautions, necessary soil characteristics, fertilization amount, number of control, and cost of each. Information. Information on crops and varieties retrieved from the farm work knowledge database 46 is transmitted to the plan management unit 49 and the display unit 45. In step S111, the display unit 45 that has received the crop and variety information displays it on the CRT display 27.

  Next, in step S103, the plan management unit 49 makes a market information request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits a message including the crop name, the variety name, and the market name input by the farm worker 3 to the communication unit 51. In step S141, the communication unit 51 performs market information search based on the received crop name, variety name, and market name. The market information here includes crop market prices, price forecasts, demand forecasts, and the like. The market information retrieved by the communication unit 51 is transmitted to the plan management unit 49 and the display unit 45. In step S112, the display unit 45 that has received the market information displays the market information on the CRT display 27. Here, the display unit 45 may simultaneously display crop and variety information and market information.

  As described above, the farm work determination support system presents the farm worker 3 with general information on the crop, its variety, and the market. Thereby, the farm worker 3 can narrow down crops and varieties to be planted.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional block and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks in step S12 in which the yield and investment are predicted in FIG. First, in step S <b> 201, the farm worker 3 makes a harvest amount and an investment prediction request to the plan management unit 49. In step S202, the plan management unit 49 executes a field soil information request in response to this request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits a message requesting information about the field designated by the farm worker 3 in step S201 to the field map 47. In step S291, the farm field map 47 makes a soil detection request for the designated farm field. That is, the agricultural field map 47 transmits a message requesting the detection unit 50 to detect the current state of the soil of the designated agricultural field. In step S251, the detection unit 50 detects the state of the soil with the soil sensor 10 of the designated field. The detection unit 50 transmits information on the soil of the designated field to the field map 47. In step S292, the agricultural field map 47 corrects the information included in the agricultural field map 47 with the soil information of the agricultural field from the detection unit 50, searches the soil information of the designated agricultural field, and sends the soil information to the plan management unit 49. Send.

  In step S203, the plan management unit 49 executes a field weather information request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits a message requesting the weather forecast information for the field designated by the farm worker 3 in step S201 to the field weather model 43. In step S281, the field weather model 43 requests medium- and long-term weather information. That is, the field weather model 43 transmits a message requesting the communication unit 51 to search for weather information. In step S241, the communication unit 51 executes a search for medium- to long-term weather information. The communication unit 51 transmits the searched weather information to the field weather model 43. The field weather model 43 predicts medium- to long-term weather information based on past weather information of the field weather model 43 and the weather information from the communication unit 51, and transmits it to the plan management unit 49.

  In step S204, the plan management unit 49 executes a pathological disease prediction request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits to the pathological disease model 42 a message requesting the pathological disease prediction for the field designated by the farm worker 3 in step S201. This message includes medium- to long-term weather information for the specified field. In step S <b> 2101, the pathological disease model 42 calculates a pathological disease prediction based on past pathological disease information and medium- and long-term weather information of the designated field, and transmits the pathological disease prediction to the plan management unit 49.

  In step S205, the plan management unit 49 executes a crop growth prediction request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits to the crop growth model 41 a message requesting crop growth prediction for the field designated by the farm worker 3 in step S201. This message includes medium- to long-term weather information of the designated field and information on the crop and variety obtained in step S11 of FIG. In step S <b> 271, the crop growth model 41 calculates a crop growth prediction including a harvest amount based on the medium- and long-term weather information of the designated field and the information of the crop and the variety, and transmits the crop growth prediction to the plan management unit 49. .

  In step S206, the plan management unit 49 calculates the harvest amount and the investment prediction based on the pathological disease prediction, the crop growth prediction and the control and fertilization conditions obtained in step S11 of FIG. The investment prediction is transmitted to the display unit 45. In step S211, the display unit 45 displays the harvest amount and the investment prediction on the CRT display 27.

  As described above, the farm work determination support system presents to the farmer 3 the yield of the crop 2 for each field 1 and the prediction of the investment required for it. Therefore, the farmer 3 can select the crop 2 and its varieties for the most effective field 1 from the yield of the crop 2 and the investment prediction together with the market information obtained previously.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the function blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the function blocks in step S14 for creating the basic schedule of FIG. 9 and the farm work determination support start step S15. First, in step S <b> 301, the farm worker 3 makes a basic schedule creation request to the plan management unit 49. In step S302, the plan management unit 49 executes the cultivation schedule information request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits a message requesting cultivation schedule information about the crops and varieties designated by the farm worker 3 in step S301 to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S <b> 361, the farm work knowledge database 46 performs information retrieval of the cultivation schedule of the designated crop and variety, and transmits the retrieved cultivation schedule to the plan management unit 49.

  In step S303, the plan management unit 49 makes a crop growth prediction request. That is, the plan management unit 49 transmits to the crop growth model 41 a message including information on the crops and varieties designated by the farm worker 3 in step S301 and the field weather information obtained in step S13. In step S <b> 371, the crop growth model 41 calculates a crop growth prediction based on the input information and transmits it to the plan management unit 49. At this time, the crop growth model 41 may perform crop growth prediction by obtaining information from the field weather model 43 and the field map 47 as necessary.

  In step S <b> 304, the plan management unit 49 calculates a basic cultivation schedule and transmits it to the display unit 45. In step S311, the display unit 45 displays the basic cultivation schedule on the CRT display 27. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a display example of a cabbage cultivation schedule. When the farm worker 3 confirms the basic schedule plan displayed on the CRT display 27 and decides to execute the cultivation based on the displayed basic schedule, the process proceeds to step S305. If a different schedule is requested, the conditions such as the product type and the field are changed, and the process is repeated from step S301.

  In step S <b> 305, the farm worker 3 inputs the selection setting of the basic cultivation schedule to the plan management unit 49 using the keyboard 25 or the mouse 26. In step S <b> 306, the plan management unit 49 executes a crop growth prediction start request, and transmits a crop growth prediction start request message including information such as crops, varieties, and fields to the crop growth model 41. The crop growth model 41 that has received the message starts crop growth prediction. In step S <b> 307, the plan management unit 49 executes a field weather prediction start request, and transmits a field weather prediction start request message including information such as the designated field 1 to the field weather model 43. The field weather model 43 that has received the message starts field weather prediction for the designated field 1 in step S381.

  In step S <b> 308, the plan management unit 49 executes a field state monitoring start request, and transmits a field state monitoring start request message including information such as the designated field 1 to the field map 47. The farm field map 47 that has received the message starts field condition monitoring of the designated farm field 1 in step S391. In step S309, the plan management unit 49 executes a pathological disease prediction start request, and transmits a pathological disease prediction start request message including information such as the designated field to the pathological disease model 42. The pathological disease model 42 that has received the message starts predicting the pathological disease of the designated field 1 in step S3101.

  Thereafter, the plan management unit 49 calculates an execution plan for farm work based on the basic cultivation schedule. In addition, the crop growth model 41, the field weather model 43, the field map 47, and the pathological disease model 42 continuously perform prediction or monitoring of the designated field. The basic cultivation schedule of the plan management unit 49 is corrected by taking in the information of the crop growth model 41, the field weather model 43, and the field map 47 every predetermined period.

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks when the prediction of the crop growth of the field designated by the crop growth model 41 is started in step S372 of FIG. The process in step S471 is similar to the process in step S372 in FIG. In step S472, the crop growth model 41 executes a crop and variety information request, and transmits an information search message including the crop and variety information to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S461, the farm work knowledge database 46 searches the storage information related to the crop and variety specified in the message, and transmits the search result to the crop growth model 41. In step S473, the crop growth model 41 sets a constant for the crop growth model.

  Hereinafter, when an event of a crop growth prediction request occurs, the crop growth model 41 executes processing corresponding to the event. Next, the operation will be described. The crop growth prediction request may be generated by a request from other functions such as the field weather model 43 and the crop growth model 41 itself every predetermined period. First, in step S571, the crop growth model 41 requests work history information. At this time, a work history information request message including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted from the crop growth model 41 to the work history management unit 44. In step S <b> 531, the work history management unit 44 searches for work history information of the designated field 1 and transmits it to the crop growth model 41.

  In step S572, the crop growth model 41 requests field information. At this time, an agricultural field information request message including information for specifying the designated agricultural field 1 is transmitted to the agricultural field map 47. In step S <b> 591, the farm map 47 retrieves information related to the soil of the designated farm field 1 and transmits it to the crop growth model 41. In step S573, the crop growth model 41 requests field weather information. At this time, a field weather information request message including information for specifying the designated field is transmitted to the field weather model 43. In step S <b> 581, the field weather model 43 searches for weather information of the designated field 1 and transmits it to the crop growth model 41.

  In step S574, the crop growth model 41 requests the growth detection of the crop 2. At this time, a crop growth detection request message including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted to the detection unit 50. In step S551, the detection unit 50 detects the growth state of the crop 2 in the designated field 1 and transmits the detection result to the crop growth model 41. In step S575, the crop growth model 41 calculates a crop growth prediction based on the input information.

  As described above, the crop growth model 41 holds the state of the crop reflecting the latest forecast of the weather in the designated field and the latest state of the soil.

  FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks when the prediction of the weather in the field designated by the field weather model 43 is started in step S381 of FIG. Step S681 is a step corresponding to step S381 of FIG. In step S <b> 682, the field weather model 43 executes a weather information request and transmits an information search message including information for specifying the designated field 1 to the communication unit 51. In step S 641, the communication unit 51 communicates with an external database, searches for weather information on the position of the field 1 in the message, and transmits the search result to the field weather model 43. In step S <b> 683, the field weather model 43 executes a crop and variety information request, and transmits an information search message including the designated crop name and variety name to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S 661, the farm work knowledge database 46 searches the storage information related to the crop name and the variety name specified in the message, and transmits the search result to the field weather model 43. In step S684, the field weather model 43 sets a constant of the field weather model.

  The operation of the field weather model 43 when the field weather prediction request event occurs will be described below. The field weather prediction request may be generated by a request from other functions such as the crop growth model 41 and the field weather model 43 itself every predetermined period. First, in step S781, the field weather model 43 searches for past information on the weather of the designated field 1 that the field weather model 43 has. In step S782, the field weather model 43 requests a search for weather information. At this time, a request message for weather information including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted from the field weather model 43 to the communication unit 51. In step S741, the communication unit 51 communicates with an external database, searches for weather information based on the position of the field 1 in the message, and transmits the search result to the field weather model 43.

  In step S783, the field weather model 43 requests detection of crop length and density. At this time, a request message for detection of the crop length and density including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted to the detection unit 50. In step S <b> 751, the detection unit 50 detects the crop length and density of the current crop 2 in the designated field 1 and transmits the detection result to the field weather model 43. In step S784, the field weather model 43 requests detection of the current field weather. At this time, a request message for detecting field weather including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted to the detection unit 50. In step S <b> 752, the detection unit 50 detects the weather of the designated field 1 and transmits the detection result to the field weather model 43. In step S785, the field weather model 43 calculates a field weather prediction based on the input information.

  As described above, the field weather model 43 holds the latest weather information and the weather state reflecting the crop length and density of the crop in the field 1 for each field.

  FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks when the monitoring of the soil state of the agricultural field 1 to which the agricultural field map 47 is designated in step S391 of FIG. Step S891 is a step corresponding to step S391 in FIG. In step S892, the farm field map 47 searches for past information on the weeds of the designated farm field 1 owned by itself. In step S <b> 893, the agricultural field map 47 executes a request for detecting the state of the agricultural field 1, and transmits a state detection message including information for specifying the designated agricultural field 1 to the detection unit 50. In step S851, the detection unit 50 detects the soil state of the field 1 with the soil sensor 10 based on the information specifying the field 1 of the message, and transmits the detection result to the field map 47. In step S894, the agricultural field map 47 corrects the agricultural field information.

  The operation of the field map 47 when the field information request event occurs will be described below. The field information request may be generated by a request from another function such as the crop growth model 41 and the field map 47 itself every predetermined period. First, in step S <b> 991, the agricultural field map 47 executes a request for detection of the state of the agricultural field 1, and transmits a state detection message including information for specifying the designated agricultural field 1 to the detection unit 50. In step S951, the detection unit 50 detects the state of the soil in the field 1 with the soil sensor 10 based on the information specifying the field 1 in the message, and transmits the detection result to the field map 47. In step S992, the farm map 47 requests work history information. At this time, a work history request message including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted to the work history management unit 44. In step S <b> 931, the work history management unit 44 searches a work history such as fertilization of the designated field 1 and transmits a detection result to the field map 47. In step S993, the agricultural field map 47 corrects the agricultural field information.

  As described above, the farm field map 47 holds a state reflecting the latest work history information and information on the detected soil state for each farm field 1.

  FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks when the prediction of the pathological diseases in the field to which the pathological disease model 42 is designated is started in step S3101 of FIG. Step S10101 is a step corresponding to step S3101 of FIG. First, in step S10102, the pathological disease model 42 searches for past information on the occurrence of the pathological disease in the designated field that it owns. In step S <b> 10103, the pathological disease model 42 executes a crop and variety information request, and transmits an information search message including the designated crop name and variety name to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S <b> 1061, the farm work knowledge database 46 searches for information on the crop name and the variety name specified in the message, and transmits the search result to the pathological disease model 42. In step S10104, the pathological disease model 42 sets constants for the pathological disease model.

  The following describes the operation of the pathological disease model 42 when a pathological disease prediction request event occurs. The pathological disease prediction request may be generated by a request from other functions such as the farm work support unit 48 and the pathological disease model 42 itself every predetermined period. In step S11101, the pathological disease model 42 requests detection of a pathological disease. At this time, a pathological disease detection request message including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted from the pathological disease model 42 to the detection unit 50. In step S <b> 1151, the detection unit 50 detects the occurrence state of the pathological disease from the image captured from the crop sensor 8 based on the information specifying the field 1 of the message, and transmits it to the pathological disease model 42.

  In step S11102, the pathological disease model 42 requests pathological disease occurrence information around the field. At this time, a request message for pathological disease occurrence information around the field including information on the position of the designated field 1 is transmitted to the communication unit 51. In step S <b> 1141, the communication unit 51 accesses an external database, searches for pathological disease occurrence information around the designated field 1, and transmits the search result to the pathological disease model 42. In step S11103, the pathological disease model 42 requests detection of a crop growth stage. At this time, a request message for detecting a crop growth stage including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted from the pathological disease model 42 to the detection unit 50. In step S1152, the detection unit 50 detects the crop growth stage from the image captured from the crop sensor 8 based on the information specifying the field 1 of the message, and transmits the search result to the pathological disease model 42.

  In step S11104, the pathological disease model 42 requests field weather prediction. At this time, a field weather prediction request message including information for specifying the designated field 1 is transmitted to the field weather model 43. In step S <b> 1181, the field weather model 43 predicts the weather of the designated field 1 and transmits the prediction result to the pathological disease model 42. In step S11105, the pathological disease model 42 calculates a pathological disease prediction from the input information.

  As described above, the pathological disease model 42 holds a state reflecting the latest field weather prediction and the growth stage of the crop for each field 1.

  FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing the operation of the function block and the transmission / reception of messages between the function blocks when calculating the plan of the seedling work, which is a kind of farm work, in step S16 for displaying the farm work plan in FIG. First, in step S1201, the plan management unit 49 executes a seedling request based on the basic cultivation schedule. At this time, a seedling request message including information such as a crop name and a variety name is sent from the plan management unit 49 to the farm work support unit 48. In step S1221, the farm work support unit 48 executes an information request for a seedling raising method. At this time, a seedling method information request message including information such as a crop name and a variety name is transmitted from the farm work support unit 48 to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S <b> 1261, the farm work knowledge database 46 that received the seedling method information request message searches for the seedling method information based on the crop name and the variety name, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48.

  In step S1222, the farm work support unit 48 requests the variety information of the crop 2. At this time, a request message for the variety information including the crop name and the variety name is transmitted from the agricultural work support unit 48 to the agricultural work knowledge database 46. In step S <b> 1262, the farm work knowledge database 46 that has received the breed information request message searches for the breed information based on the crop name and the breed name, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48. In step S1223, the farm work support unit 48 requests the crop 2 growth prediction. At this time, a request message for predicting the growth of the crop 2 is transmitted from the farm work support unit 48 to the crop growth model 41. In step S 1271, the crop growth model 41 that has received the request message for predicting the growth of the crop 2 calculates crop growth prediction information and transmits it to the farm work support unit 48.

  In step S <b> 1224, the farm work support unit 48 calculates a seedling raising method plan based on the input information and transmits it to the display unit 45. In step S1211, the display unit 45 displays the seedling raising method plan on the CRT display 27. The seedling raising method proposal includes a specific working method, execution time, and the like. The farm worker 3 selects and executes a seedling raising method from the seedling raising method proposals displayed on the CRT display 27, and inputs the results of the seedling raising to the work history management unit 44 in step S1231.

  Thus, the farm work determination support system presents an appropriate seedling raising method plan to the farm worker 3 based on the basic cultivation schedule.

  FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks when calculating the plan of the fixed planting work, which is a kind of farm work, in step S16 for displaying the farm work plan of FIG. First, in step S1301, the plan management unit 49 executes a planting request based on the basic cultivation schedule. In addition, the basic cultivation schedule may be different from the time when the seedling is executed because it is corrected by changing the seedling condition or weather prediction, and always reflects the latest information. At this time, a fixed planting request message including information such as a crop name and a variety name is sent from the plan management unit 49 to the farm work support unit 48. In response to this request, in step S1321, the farm work support unit 48 executes an information request for raising seedling results. At this time, the information request message of the seedling raising result is transmitted from the farm work support unit 48 to the work history management unit 44. In step S 1331, the work history management unit 44 that has received the information request message for raising seedlings searches for information on raising seedlings, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48. Hereinafter, steps S1322 to S1332 are the same as those in step S1221 to S1231 in FIG.

  Thus, the farm work determination support system presents an appropriate planting method plan to the farm worker 3 based on the basic cultivation schedule.

  FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing the operation of the functional blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks when calculating the plan of the herbicide spraying work, which is a kind of agricultural work, in step S16 for displaying the farm work plan of FIG. is there. First, in step S1401, the plan management unit 49 executes a herbicide application request based on the basic cultivation schedule. At this time, a message of a herbicide application request including information on crops, varieties, etc. is sent from the plan management unit 49 to the farm work support unit 48. In response to this request, in step S1421, the farm work support unit 48 requests herbicide application result information. At this time, a herbicide spraying record information request message including information for specifying the field 1 for which the herbicide spraying is requested is transmitted to the work history management unit 44. In step S1431, the work history management unit 44 searches for herbicide spraying result information of the field 1 for which the herbicide spraying is requested, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48.

  In step S1422, the farm work support unit 48 requests weed information. For this reason, a weed information request message including information specifying the field 1 for which the herbicide application request is made is transmitted to the field map 47. In step S1491, the field map 47 searches for the weed information of the field 1 for which the herbicide application request is made, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48. In step S <b> 1423, the farm work support unit 48 requests field weather information information. For this reason, a request message of field weather information including information for specifying the field 1 for which the herbicide application is requested is transmitted from the farm work support unit 48 to the field weather model 43. In step S1481, the field weather model 43 that has received the field weather information request message searches the field weather information of the field 1 for which the herbicide application is requested, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48.

  In step S1424, the farm work support unit 48 requests information on crops and varieties. Therefore, a crop and variety information request message including the crop name and the variety name is transmitted from the agricultural work support unit 48 to the agricultural work knowledge database 46. In step S 1461, the farm work knowledge database 46 that has received the crop and cultivar information request message searches for crop and cultivar information based on the crop name and cultivar name, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48. In step S1425, the farm work support unit 48 requests herbicide information. Therefore, a request message for herbicide information including a crop name, a variety name, and the like is transmitted from the farm work support unit 48 to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S <b> 1462, the farm work knowledge database 46 that has received the herbicide information request message searches for herbicide information based on the crop name, cultivar name, and the like, and transmits the search result to the farm work support unit 48.

  In step S1426, the farm work support unit 48 requests herbicide application method information. Therefore, a herbicide spraying method information request message including the crop name, variety name, and herbicide name is transmitted from the farm work support unit 48 to the farm work knowledge database 46. In step S 1463, the farm work knowledge database 46 that has received the herbicide spraying method information request message searches herbicide spraying method information based on the crop name, variety name, and herbicide name, and sends the search result to the farm work support unit 48. Send.

  In step S <b> 1427, the farm work support unit 48 calculates a herbicide spraying method plan from the input information and transmits it to the display unit 45. In step S1411, the display unit 45 displays the herbicide spraying method plan on the CRT display 27. The proposed herbicide spraying method includes specific working methods and time of execution. The farm worker 3 selects and executes a predetermined herbicide spraying method from the herbicide spraying method proposal displayed on the CRT display 27, and in step S1432, the work history management unit 44 reports the herbicide spraying results. input.

  Thus, the farm work determination support system presents an appropriate herbicide spraying method plan to the farm worker 3 based on the basic cultivation schedule.

  FIG. 21 shows another example of the operation of the functional blocks and the transmission / reception of messages between the functional blocks when calculating the plan of the herbicide spraying work, which is a kind of agricultural work, in step S16 for displaying the farm work plan of FIG. It is a flowchart. In the case of this flowchart, first, in step S1591, the agricultural field map 47 executes a herbicide spraying request when it is determined that the state of the weed obtained by detecting the agricultural field state is equal to or greater than a preset threshold value. At this time, a herbicide application request message is sent from the farm field map 47 to the farm work support unit 48. The processing from step S1521 to step S1532 is the same as the processing from step S1421 to step S1432 in FIG. 20, and a description thereof will be omitted.

  Thus, the farm work determination support system presents a suitable herbicide spraying method plan to the farm worker 3 based on the state of weeds.

  As described above, the farm work determination support system also displays method plans for work such as raising seedlings, controlling other than herbicide spraying, fertilizing, and harvesting.

  In the present specification, the term “system” represents the entire apparatus including a plurality of apparatuses.

  As a recording medium for providing a computer program for performing the above-described processing to the user, a communication medium such as a network or a satellite can be used in addition to a recording medium such as a magnetic disk, a CD-ROM, or a solid memory. .

  As described above, according to the present invention, since an appropriate work plan is presented to a farm worker, it is possible to easily and reliably obtain a crop.

It is a figure which shows one Embodiment of the farm work determination support system of this invention. It is a hardware block diagram of a personal computer. It is a functional block diagram of a personal computer. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a crop growth model. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of an agricultural field weather model. It is a figure which shows the structure of an agricultural field map. It is a figure which shows the triangular coordinate which shows the composition classification of soil. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a pathological disease model. It is a flowchart showing operation | movement of a farm work determination support system. It is a flowchart showing the operation | movement of the step which performs the information display of the crop, the kind, and the market of FIG. It is a flowchart showing the operation | movement of the step which performs the prediction of the yield and investment of FIG. It is a flowchart showing the operation | movement of the step which produces the basic schedule of FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the cultivation schedule of a cabbage. It is a flowchart showing operation | movement of a crop growth model. It is a flowchart showing operation | movement of an agricultural field weather model. It is a flowchart showing operation | movement of an agricultural field map. It is a flowchart showing operation | movement of a pathological disease model. It is a flowchart showing the operation | movement which calculates the plan of raising seedling work. It is a flowchart showing the operation | movement which calculates the planting work plan. It is a flowchart showing operation | movement when calculating the plan of a herbicide spraying operation | work. It is a flowchart showing other operation | movement when calculating the plan of a herbicide spraying operation | work.

Explanation of symbols

41 Crop Growth Model 42 Pathological Disease Model 43 Field Meteorological Model 44 Work History Management Unit 47 Farm Field Map 48 Farm Work Support Unit

Claims (6)

In the work decision support device that supports the work decision,
Soil information storage means for classifying and storing information on the soil of the field as the farmland in a hierarchy divided by the unit of time and the unit of the area of the farmland;
Pathology and disease prediction means for predicting the occurrence and spread of pathology and disease of crops for each field;
A work decision support apparatus, comprising: work decision means for deciding a work plan to be performed in a predetermined field from the information on the soil and the pathology and disease occurrence and diffusion prediction. Further comprising a field weather prediction means for predicting the weather for each field,
The work determination support apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pathological disease prediction unit predicts the occurrence and spread of the pathology and disease from the weather prediction. It further comprises detection means for detecting information on the pathology and disease occurrence of a predetermined field and the growth stage of the crop,
The work determination support apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pathological disease prediction means predicts the pathology and the occurrence and spread of the disease from information on the pathology and the occurrence state of the disease and the growth stage of the crop. The work determination support apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pathological disease prediction unit records a past pathology and a past occurrence of the disease for each of the fields. In a work decision support method for supporting work decisions,
Soil information storage step for classifying and storing information on the soil of the field as the farmland in a hierarchy divided by the unit of time and the unit of the area of the farmland,
A pathological disease prediction step for predicting the pathology and disease occurrence and spread of the crop for each field;
A work decision support method comprising: a work decision step for deciding a work plan to be performed in a predetermined field based on the information on the soil and the pathology and disease occurrence and diffusion prediction. A program for work decision support processing for supporting work decision,
Soil information storage control step for controlling the classification and storage of information on the soil of the field as the farmland in the hierarchy divided by the unit of time and the unit of the area of the farmland,
A pathological disease prediction step for predicting the pathology and disease occurrence and spread of the crop for each field;
And a work deciding step for determining a plan of work to be performed in a predetermined field from the information on the soil and the prediction of the occurrence and spread of the pathology and disease, and a computer-readable program is recorded. Recording medium.

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