JP4201206B2 - CGI program creation method, recording medium recording program according to the method, and CGI program creation device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for creating a CGI program that operates on a WWW server.

  In recent years, the demand for information exchange on the WWW (World Wide Web) has been increasing. Basic information exchange on the WWW is performed by transferring a document called “homepage” from a WWW server to a client called a WWW browser. The home page is a text file described in a language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language). Hereinafter, text data described in accordance with HTML is referred to as “HTML”. The WWW browser analyzes the received HTML and outputs a graphical page on the display.

  The user can also input a character string or the like to the WWW browser. In this case, the WWW server side receives a character string or the like input from the WWW browser, performs processing such as database search according to the input data, and returns HTML indicating the result of the processing to the WWW browser. Processing is required. As a method for realizing such a requirement, CGI (Common Gateway Interface) is often used.

  CGI is an interface with a resource on a server machine having a WWW server, and defines a method for exchanging information between the WWW server and an application on the server machine. An application program that uses CGI to exchange information with a WWW server is referred to as a CGI program. A CGI program can be created in a general-purpose programming language. The CGI program described above is described in detail in, for example, Non-Patent Document 1: William E. Weinman, translated by Nozomi Kashiwagi, 1997/1 Impress's “CGI Book”.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an exchange between a client and a server using a CGI program as a known example. The WWW server 103 that has received a CGI program execution request and information 102 (collected in a character string of a prescribed format) input to the browser 101 by the user from the WWW browser 101 activates the CGI program 104. The CGI program 104 performs processing based on the information 105 (same as the user input information 102) passed from the WWW server 103, and outputs an HTML 106. The WWW server 103 receives the output HTML 106 and transmits HTML 107 (same as HTML 106) to the WWW browser.

The CGI program normally performs the following processes (1) to (3).
(1) Analysis of character string received from WWW server The WWW browser collects information input by the user into a single character string by adding a control code or the like, and transmits it to the WWW server. Since the WWW server passes the character string to the CGI program as it is, the CGI program analyzes the character string by removing the control code or the like, and converts it into information input by the user.
(2) Processing according to user input As a result of analyzing the character string, the contents of the input information of the user are clarified. For example, when the user inputs the personal name “Tom”, processing such as searching for information on Tom from the database is performed.
(3) HTML output An HTML corresponding to the process (2) is output. For example, when Tom's personal information is retrieved in the above example, it is output as HTML arranged so that the personal information can be easily seen.

  In general, the output portion of HTML has a structure embedded in the standard output syntax of a programming language describing a CGI program. FIG. 2 shows a code example 201 of the HTML output portion of the CGI program by COBOL. In this code example 201, the line “IDENTIFICATION DIVISION” and the next line “PROGRAM-ID” are headings. The next “ENVIRONMENT DIVISION” line is the environment part, the next several lines from the “DATA DIVISION” line are the data part, and the part from “PROCEDURE DIVISION” line to the part before “END” of this program (Procedure Department). The DISPLAY statement in the composition part is a statement for standard output, and is used to output HTML. Each of these parts is described in the COBOL specification.

  In the middle part of the procedure part of this code example 201, it is determined whether or not the variable I is larger than “4” by the IF statement, and the output is changed according to this condition. Specifically, the content of the character string to be output and the size of the character are changed according to the size of the variable I. Thus, in the CGI program, the HTML to be output can be changed depending on the conditions.

The CGI program described above has the following problems (1) to (3).
(1) As the CGI program code, the syntax for standard output of HTML must be described over many lines, as in code example 201 of FIG. This is a very cumbersome task for the CGI program creator.
(2) When it is desired to change the HTML to be output, the syntax for outputting HTML is often dispersed in the CGI program code, so it is difficult to grasp the image output by the HTML WWW browser.
(3) If you want to modify the part that outputs HTML or modify the part other than outputting HTML, the same CGI program code must be modified, so a bug enters the CGI program code. Easy to maintain and difficult to maintain.

  For this reason, in creating a CGI program, an environment that can separately create and maintain a part that performs processing such as input character string reception / analysis and output control based on the result, and an HTML part that the CGI program outputs Is desirable.

As a known technique for realizing such an environment, the method shown in FIG. 3 is proposed in Non-Patent Document 2: Fujitsu Power COBOL 97 COBOL “CGI Subroutine 1.0 User Guide” (electronic manual). In this method, a source 301 of a CGI program that performs processing other than HTML output, such as reception / analysis and processing of an input character string, and HTML 302 for output are created separately. For HTML creation, a known HTML creation editor 303 that converts the created screen image into HTML can be used to reduce HTML creation effort. The CGI program 304 generated by compiling the CGI program source 301 reads and outputs the HTML 302 at the time of execution. With this method, it is possible to separately generate and maintain the source of the CGI program that performs processing such as reception / analysis of the input character string and output control based on the result, and the HTML for output. Can be solved.
Written by William E. Weinman Fujitsu Power COBOL 97 COBOL "CGI Subroutine 1.0 User Guide" (electronic manual)

However, the method of FIG. 3 has the following problems. That is, every time the CGI program is run, (1) the CGI program reads the HTML, (2) outputs the read HTML, and displays it on the WWW browser via the WWW server. Thus, there is a problem that the execution speed of the HTML reading of (1) becomes slow. In general, the CGI program is executed and terminated for each request from the WWW browser, and in the case of an application in which execution requests are frequently generated, the HTML reading process is performed for each request. There is a problem that the response to the client becomes slow.

  Therefore, it is possible to separately generate and maintain a CGI program source and an HTML for output that perform processing such as reception / analysis of an input character string and output control based on the result, and execution of the generated CGI program A CGI program creation environment whose performance is equivalent to that of a normal CGI program is desired.

  It is an object of the present invention to separately generate and maintain a CGI program source and an HTML for output, which perform processing such as reception / analysis of an input character string and output control based on the result, and are generated. The object is to realize a CGI program creation method in which the execution performance of a CGI program is equivalent to that of a normal CGI program.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is the CGI program creation method in the CGI program creation device for creating the CGI program that operates on the WWW server, wherein the HTML input means provided in the CGI program creation device includes: A step of inputting a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in an HTML language for determining a screen, and a conversion means provided in the CGI program creation device display the HTML and the same image as the HTML. the CGI source that performs processing for outputting the screen, the includes a step of converting, the CGI program generating means included in the CGI program creating device, and CGI source and the conversion, the statement that calls the program contained in the CGI source that the conversion Outputs the same image display screen as HTML And a step of generating a CGI program of one execution format by compiling and linking and integrating a separately created CGI source that performs processing other than the processing described above.

The invention according to claim 2 is the CGI program creation method in the CGI program creation device for creating the CGI program that operates on the WWW server, wherein the HTML input means provided in the CGI program creation device determines the display screen. A step of inputting an HTML that is a text file described in a language (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) and in which an expansion tag representing a variable and control information is inserted; and a conversion means included in the CGI program creation device includes: the into HTML, CGI source machine executes the program sequence in accordance with the process and the expansion tag outputs a display screen image based on the HTML, and converting, the CGI program generating means provided in the CGI program creating device The converted CGI source ; Compiling and linking a separately created CGI source including a statement for calling a program included in the converted CGI source to generate a single executable CGI program. And

Invention provides a recording medium storing a program for creating a CGI program operating on W WW server, the computer, written text file in HTML language to determine the display screen (hereinafter according to claim 3 , “HTML”), a function for converting the HTML into a CGI source that performs processing to output a display screen of the same image as the HTML, the converted CGI source, and the above conversion Compile, link, and integrate the HTML and another CGI source that includes a statement that calls a program included in the CGI source and performs processing other than the processing that outputs the display screen of the same image into one execution format A computer-readable recording recording a program for realizing a function for generating a CGI program It is a medium.
Invention provides a recording medium storing a program for creating a CGI program operating on W WW server, the computer, written text file in HTML language to determine the display screen (hereinafter according to claim 4 A function of inputting HTML in which an extension tag representing variable and control information is inserted, a process of outputting the HTML to a display screen of an image based on the HTML, and the extension tag and the CGI source function of converting performing the execution process of the program sequence in response to a CGI source and said conversion, and another creation CGI sources, including a statement that calls a program included in the CGI source that the conversion, compiled And link and integrate to create a CGI program of one executable format It is a computer-readable recording medium which recorded the program for making it run.
The invention according to claim 5 is a CGI program creation device for creating a CGI program that operates on a WWW server, and is a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) written in an HTML language for determining a display screen. ) To the CGI source that performs processing to output a display screen of the same image as the HTML, the converting means that converts the HTML, the converted CGI source, and the converted CGI source A CGI program in one execution format by compiling and linking and integrating the HTML and another CGI source that performs processing other than the processing for outputting the display screen of the same image including a statement for calling the included program And a CGI program generating means for generating.
The invention according to claim 6 is a CGI program creation device for creating a CGI program that operates on a WWW server, and is a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in an HTML language for determining a display screen. HTML input means for inputting HTML in which expansion tags representing variables and control information are inserted, processing for outputting an HTML display screen based on the HTML, and a program corresponding to the expansion tags Compile and link the conversion means for conversion to the CGI source that performs processing to execute the sequence, the converted CGI source, and the CGI source created separately including a statement that calls the program included in the converted CGI source. CGI program that generates a single executable CGI program Characterized in that a forming means.

  According to the present invention, in the CGI program creation step, the source of the CGI program for receiving, analyzing, and processing the input character string is separated from the HTML for output, and these are integrated as one source program. The creation efficiency and maintainability of each can be improved, and the performance of the generated CGI program can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, a program development environment using the programming language COBOL will be described as a preferred example of the present invention.

  FIG. 4 shows a configuration diagram of the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, up to the point where the CGI program source 401 and the output HTML 402 for receiving / analyzing the input character string and controlling the output based on the result are generated in advance, the above-described known method of FIG. The same. The HTML 402 can be created using a known HTML creation editor 403 that converts a screen image into HTML. The translator 404 converts the HTML 402 into an HTML output CGI program source 405. By this translator 404, the program source 405 is generated as a subprogram called from the CGI program 401 that receives and analyzes an input character string and controls output based on the result. By adding a syntax for calling the subprogram 405 converted by the translator 404 to the program 401 for accepting / analyzing and processing the input character string by the user, these programs logically become one program 406. In this way, HTML is automatically converted into a programming language and embedded in the CGI program, and a source 406 that operates in the same manner as the normal CGI program 201 of FIG. 2 is generated. Therefore, the CGI program in the execution format obtained by compiling the CGI program source 406 does not need to read a file during the execution of the program, as shown by 407, and can provide an execution performance equivalent to that of a normal CGI program.

FIG. 5 shows the operation of the translator 404. This translator
1. 1. Create a program name based on the HTML file name HTML is read and converted to output syntax.

  First, in step 501, a heading part (IDENTIFICATION DIVISION) is output as a file. In COBOL, the program name (PROGRAM-ID) must be described in the header section. Here, an HTML file name is used as the program name. A CGI program that receives and analyzes an input character string and controls output based on the result calls this CGI program (a program in which HTML has been converted by a translator) using this program name. Next, necessary syntaxes such as an environment part, a data part, and a structure part are output as a file (step 502). After that, the HTML is read line by line, converted into a DISPLAY statement (COBOL standard output syntax) and output to a file. This process is repeated until the end of the HTML file is reached (step 503). Finally, the program end syntax is output to a file (step 504). As described above, the program source for outputting the HTML is obtained from the HTML file.

  An example of the operation of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. This example is an operation example in which the two HTMLs 601 and 602 in FIG. 6 are displayed according to the input from the user.

  First, output images 601 and 602 of the CGI program of FIG. 6 are created by a known HTML creation editor. It is assumed that the CGI program performs processing for displaying either the output image 601 or 602 according to the input from the user with reference to the value of a flag variable called FLG. For example, the gender is inquired of the user, and FLG = 1 is set for a male and FLG = 2 is set for a female. The output image 601 is output when FLG = 1 in the CGI program, and the output image 602 is output when FLG is other than 1.

  FIG. 7 is an HTML that displays the output images 601 and 602 of FIG. The screen image of FIG. 6 can be created by a known HTML creation editor and converted to the HTML of FIG. As a result of interpreting HTML 701 by the WWW browser, an output image 601 is displayed. Further, as a result of interpreting HTML 702 by the WWW browser, an output image 602 is displayed.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of the result of a CGI program in which HTML is converted by a translator. Reference numeral 801 is an example of the result of the COBOL source in which the HTML 701 is converted by the translator, and reference numeral 802 is an example of the result of the COBOL source in which the HTML 702 is converted by the translator. The program name is generated from the file name (MALE.html) of HTML 701 by the processing of step 501 in FIG. 5 (803). Also, by the processing in step 503, the contents of HTML 701 are converted into a DISPLAY statement, which is a COBOL standard output syntax (804). The same processing is performed when the HTML 702 is converted into the COBOL source 802 by the translator.

  FIG. 9 shows an example of a CGI program source that calls the program of FIG. If the flag FLG is 1, the COBOL source 901 calls a subprogram MALE 801 that outputs HTML 701 (902). The subprogram name MALE is a program name determined from the name of the HTML file 701. If the flag FLG is other than 1, the COBOL source 901 calls a subprogram FEMALE 802 that outputs HTML 702 (903). The three CGI sources 801, 802 and 901 are logically one CGI program and can be compiled into one executable file.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the above example, two HTMLs are prepared to dynamically change the output. On the other hand, a technique has been devised in which an extension tag not included in the HTML specification indicating a variable or a control structure is inserted into the HTML to cope with a dynamic output change in one HTML. The method of inserting an extension tag into this HTML is described in, for example, “Web application construction guide” published by Reference Literature: Fumitaka Osawa 1997/4 SOFTBANK. As a second embodiment of the present invention, an operation example in the case of using such HTML in which an extension tag is inserted (hereinafter referred to as extension HTML) will be described. The configuration diagram of the invention is the same as in FIG. 4 except that the HTML shown in 402 is extended and the translator 404 is extended correspondingly.

Extension tags to be inserted into HTML include variables,
・ IF ~ ELSE ~ ENDIF (Branch structure)
・ REPEAT-ENDREPEAT (repeated structure)
In general, a device that expresses a basic control structure is prepared.

  FIG. 10 is an example of extended HTML for obtaining the output image of FIG. Tags representing control structures for conditional branches, such as $% IF% $, $% ELSE% $, and $% END-IF% $, are inserted into HTML (1001). When this HTML is processed by another program, if the value of FLG is 1, a character string “I'm a man” is output with the title “male” as indicated by 601 in FIG. When the value of FLG is not 1, it functions as HTML that outputs the character string “I'm a woman” with the title “female” as in the case of 602 in FIG. The value of FLG is determined on the CGI program side that receives and analyzes an input character string and controls output based on the result.

  FIG. 11 shows a CGI program converted by a translator obtained by extending FIG. 10 for extended HTML. In the extended translator, a program is generated to receive the flag FLG 1002 used in the extension tag inserted in the HTML of FIG. 10 as an argument (1101). Further, the translator converts the control structure 1001 in FIG. 10 into 1102 in FIG.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of a CGI program source that calls the program of FIG. The program in FIG. 11 is called with FLG as an argument (1201).

  The two CGI sources in FIGS. 11 and 12 are logically one program and can be compiled into one executable file.

  FIG. 13 shows the processing method of the translator for extended HTML. The steps up to “reading one line of HTML” are the same as those in the first embodiment of FIG. After reading the HTML, it is determined whether or not the read line is an extension tag. If it is not an expansion tag, it is sufficient to output DISPLAY as in FIG. When an extension tag is detected, the variable processing indicated by the extension tag and the control structure are converted into a CGI program. For example, when an extension tag $% IF% $ is detected, an IF statement is output (step 1301), and one line of HTML is read (step 1303) until the extension tag $% IF% $ is detected, and% $ ELSE $ If%, ELSE is output. Otherwise, the process of outputting a DISPLAY statement that outputs the read HTML is repeated (step 1304). The same applies to other extension tags. As described above, it is possible to convert a CGI program source by defining a method for generating a CGI program source corresponding to the tag even for HTML in which the tag is expanded to include a variable or a control structure. .

  As described above, it is possible to create a program that realizes functions for achieving the object of the present invention. Moreover, the medium which stored these programs can be created using the well-known technique for storing a program in various media.

  Although an example of creating a CGI program in the COBOL language is shown here, other general-purpose programming languages such as C language and C ++ language can be prepared by preparing a translator for converting HTML or extended HTML into another language source. The present invention can also be applied to.

Configuration diagram showing operation of CGI program The figure which shows the example of the HTML output code of the CGI program The figure which shows the publicly known technique of CGI program creation Configuration diagram of the first embodiment Diagram showing the operation of the translator The figure which shows the example of the image image output with the CGI program to create The figure which shows the example of HTML showing an image image The figure which shows the example of the CGI program converted from HTML The figure which shows the example of the program which calls the CGI program converted from HTML The figure which shows the example of extended HTML showing an image image The figure which shows the example of the CGI program converted from extended HTML The figure which shows the example of the program which calls the CGI program converted from extended HTML The figure which shows the operation example of the translator which converts extended HTML into a CGI program

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 ... WWW browser, 102 ... User input information, 103 ... WWW server, 104 ... CGI program, 105 ... User input information, 106 ... HTML file, 107 ... HTML file, 201 ... HTML output code, 301 ... For input analysis and processing Source file 302 ... HTML file 303 ... HTML creation editor 304 ... CGI program 401 ... Input analysis / control source file 402 ... HTML file 403 ... HTML creation editor 404 ... Translator 405 ... HTML output 406 ... CGI program source, 407 ... Configuration during CGI program execution, 501 ... Headline part file output part, 502 ... Environment part / data part / component part file output part, 503 ... HTML conversion / file output 504... Program end header file output unit 601... WWW browser output image 602... WWW browser output image 701... HTML code 702 .HTML code 801... CGI program source for outputting HTML, 802. CGI program source to be performed, 803... Program name, 804... HTML output portion in the CGI program source, 901... Input analysis / control source, 902... CGI program calling unit converted from HTML, 903. Program calling unit, 1001... Example of extended tag representing control, 1002. Example of extended tag representing variable, 1101... Example of converting extended tag representing variable, 1102... Example of converting extended tag representing control, 1201. The CGI program calling unit was, 1301 ... example of operation of the expansion tag conversion unit representing the control.

Claims (6)

In a CGI program creation method in a CGI program creation device for creating a CGI program operating on a WWW server,
An HTML input means provided in the CGI program creating device inputs a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in an HTML language for determining a display screen;
A conversion means provided in the CGI program creating device converts the HTML into a CGI source that performs a process of outputting a display screen of the same image as the HTML;
The CGI program generation means provided in the CGI program creation device performs processes other than the process of outputting the converted CGI source and the display screen of the same image as the HTML including the statement for calling the program included in the converted CGI source. A CGI program creation method comprising: compiling and linking another separately created CGI source to create a single executable CGI program. In a CGI program creation method in a CGI program creation device for creating a CGI program operating on a WWW server,
The HTML input means provided in the CGI program creation device is a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in the HTML language for determining the display screen, and an extension tag representing variables and control information is inserted. Inputting the HTML to be
A conversion means provided in the CGI program creation device converts the HTML into a CGI source that performs a process of outputting an image display screen based on the HTML and a process of executing a program sequence according to the extension tag;
The CGI program generation means included in the CGI program creating device, and CGI source and said conversion, and another creation CGI sources, including a statement that calls a program included in the CGI source that the conversion be integrated compile and link And a step of generating a CGI program of one execution format. A recording medium storing a program for creating a CGI program operating on W WW server,
On the computer,
A function of inputting a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in an HTML language for determining a display screen;
A function of converting the HTML into a CGI source that performs processing to output a display screen of the same image as the HTML;
And CGI source and said conversion, and another creation CGI source for performing processing other than the processing for outputting the display screen of the HTML the same image comprises a statement that calls a program that is included in the CGI source that the conversion, and compile and link And a computer-readable recording medium on which a program for realizing a CGI program of one execution format is recorded. A recording medium storing a program for creating a CGI program operating on W WW server,
On the computer,
A text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in an HTML language for determining a display screen, and a function for inputting HTML in which expansion tags representing variables and control information are inserted;
A function of converting the HTML into a CGI source that performs a process of outputting a display screen of an image based on the HTML and a process of executing a program sequence according to the extension tag;
A function for compiling and linking the converted CGI source and a separately created CGI source including a statement for calling a program included in the converted CGI source to generate a single executable CGI program A computer-readable recording medium on which a program for realizing and is recorded. A CGI program creation device for creating a CGI program operating on a WWW server,
  HTML input means for inputting a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in an HTML language for determining a display screen;
  Conversion means for converting the HTML into a CGI source that performs processing to output a display screen of the same image as the HTML;
  Compile and link the converted CGI source and another CGI source that includes a statement that calls a program included in the converted CGI source and performs a process other than the process of outputting the display screen of the same image as the HTML. And CGI program generating means for generating a CGI program in one execution format
  A CGI program creation device comprising: A CGI program creation device for creating a CGI program operating on a WWW server,
  HTML input means for inputting HTML, which is a text file (hereinafter referred to as “HTML”) described in an HTML language for determining a display screen, and in which an expansion tag representing variable and control information is inserted;
  Conversion means for converting the HTML into a CGI source that performs processing for outputting a display screen of an image based on the HTML and processing for executing a program sequence according to the extension tag;
  CGI for generating a single executable CGI program by compiling and linking the converted CGI source and a separately created CGI source including a statement for calling a program included in the converted CGI source. Program generation means and
  A CGI program creation device comprising:

Images