JP4200275B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus, and more particularly to a crushing apparatus suitable for crushing waste industrial products such as refrigerators and air conditioners.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a crushing device that crushes a refrigerator, an air conditioner, or the like is provided in a facility that collects recycled materials by crushing and sorting waste industrial products. As this kind of crushing apparatus, for example, a cylindrical bowl-shaped container having an input port for inputting a waste industrial product and a discharge port for discharging a crushed piece obtained by crushing the waste industrial product, and a container The rotor fixed to the rotating shaft leaving an annular flow passage (gap) for discharging the shredded pieces between the rotating shaft arranged rotatably along the axis of the container at the bottom of the container and the inner wall surface of the container And a grinder that is rotatably fixed to the upper surface of the rotor and crushes the waste industrial product that has been input from the input port by a rotary motion, and rotates the rotor and the rotor by driving the motor. There is known a structure in which a waste industrial product is crushed by the rotational movement of a grinder, and the crushed pieces are discharged from an annular flow path between a rotor and a container inner wall surface through a discharge port.
[0003]
When crushing abandoned industrial products, many recent abandoned industrial products contain both metals such as iron and light resins. For example, a refrigerator, which is a home appliance, contains urethane foam as a heat insulating material. When urethane foam is crushed, it becomes dust and rises in the crushing apparatus, so that there is a problem that the urethane recovery efficiency is lowered or scattered from the inlet.
[0004]
Therefore, in order to solve this problem, there has been proposed one in which dripping of liquid particles is performed in the crushing apparatus (see Patent Document 1).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-79124 (pages 3 to 5, FIGS. 1 and 2)
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the method of Patent Document 1, after spraying the liquid particles, the apparatus must be stopped until the inside of the apparatus is dry, and the crushing operation cannot be performed smoothly.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to prevent crushed dust from being scattered into the atmosphere from an inlet of a crushing device for waste industrial products .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention has an input port for supplying an industrial waste product and an exhaust port for discharging a crushed piece obtained by crushing the industrial waste product. And a cylindrical bowl-shaped container that forms a free-falling space portion between the free-falling space section and the discharge port side of the free-falling space section so as to be rotatable along the axis of the cylindrical bowl-shaped container. A rotating disk fixed to the rotating shaft with a gap between the rotating shaft, rotational driving means for rotating the rotating shaft, an inner wall surface of the cylindrical bowl-shaped container, and the rotating disk A crushing member that is supported by a pin fixed to the surface facing the charging port and crushes the waste industrial product charged from the charging port by a rotary motion, the rotating disk, and an inner wall surface of the cylindrical bowl-shaped container, The crushed pieces of the abandoned industrial product passed between the crushing members provided between That an annular fragments passage is the gap, the crushing member and the tubular vertical gas stream containing urethane dust flowing in the vessel through the rotary disc provided on the inner peripheral side in the vertical than the The crushing apparatus comprises a through hole to be discharged and a discharge plate fixed to the bottom of the cylindrical saddle type container of the rotating disk .
[0008]
In constructing the crushing apparatus, the following elements can be added.
[0009]
(1) The ratio of having a plurality of through holes provided vertically through the rotating disk , having a cross-sectional area of the annular flow path as a denominator, and a cross-sectional area of the entire through holes as a numerator is It is set to 1.0 or less.
[0010]
(2) The plurality of through holes are formed in a region corresponding to the downward flow of the fluid formed in the free fall space.
[0011]
(3) The minimum clearance width of the through hole is formed larger than the annular flow path width.
[0012]
(4) A blocking member that closes a part of the through hole is disposed in the through hole.
[0013]
According to the described means, the order of having a rotating plate through holes provided to penetrate vertically, a flow path increases the flow path resistance with an area of the fluid (gas) in the container is reduced, As a result, the flow rate at which the fluid in the container is discharged from the discharge port increases, and dust can be prevented from rising in the container.
[0014]
In addition, when the through hole is formed in the rotating disk, it is formed in a region corresponding to the downward flow of the fluid formed in the free fall space, so that the dust that has risen in the container easily falls again with the downward flow. . Furthermore, by forming the minimum clearance width of the through hole larger than the width of the annular flow path, it is possible to prevent dust and the like from being clogged in the through hole. Further, since the through hole can be formed with a drill or the like, it can be realized easily and inexpensively.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part of a crushing apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a crushing apparatus 10 includes a cylindrical bowl-shaped container 12 for crushing used industrial products (hereinafter referred to as waste industrial products) among industrial products such as refrigerators and air conditioners. On the upper side of the cylindrical saddle-shaped container 12 is formed an inlet 16 for introducing the waste industrial product 14, and on the bottom side is a discharge for discharging the crushed pieces obtained by crushing the waste industrial product 14. An outlet 18 is formed. A free fall space portion 20 is formed between the input port 16 and the discharge port 18, and the rotary shaft 22 is disposed on the discharge port 18 side of the free fall space portion 20. Is arranged so as to be rotatable along the axis. That is, the rotating shaft 22 is rotatably disposed adjacent to the discharge port 18 on the bottom side of the cylindrical saddle-shaped container 12. One end of the rotating shaft 22 in the axial direction is exposed from the cylindrical saddle-shaped container 12, and a pulley 24 is fixed to the exposed end of the rotating shaft 22. The pulley 24 is connected to a pulley 28 via a drive belt 26. The pulley 28 is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft 32 of the motor 30, and the rotational driving force accompanying the rotation of the motor 30 is transmitted to the rotating shaft 22 via the pulley 28, the driving belt 26, and the pulley 24. ing. That is, the motor 30, the rotation shaft 32, the pulley 28, the drive belt 26, and the pulley 24 are configured as a rotation drive unit for driving the rotation shaft 22 to rotate.
[0016]
On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the upper plate 34 and the rotor 36 are fixed to the other end side of the rotating shaft 22 at a constant interval. Four grinders 38 as crushing members are inserted between the upper plate 34 and the rotor 36, and a discharge plate (discharge fan) 40 is fixed to the bottom side of the rotor 36. The upper plate 34 is formed in a cross shape, and a pin 41 is inserted into and fixed to a through hole (not shown) of each piece. A fluid discharge through hole 42 is formed in a region between each pin 41 and the rotary shaft 22. Each through hole 42 is formed as a circular hole.
[0017]
The grinder 38 is formed in a substantially annular shape, a recess 44 is formed on the outer peripheral side, and a pin 41 is inserted into the hole 46. Each pin 41 is inserted into a through-hole of the upper plate 34 and the rotor 36, and both end sides thereof are fixed to the upper surface of the upper plate 34 (the surface facing the insertion port 16) and the bottom surface of the rotor 36. Each grinder 38 is configured to rotate with the rotation of the rotor 36 while being supported by each pin 41 , and to crush the waste industrial product 14 introduced from the inlet 16 by its rotational motion.
[0018]
The rotor 36 is fixed to the rotary shaft 22 with the choke portion 48 serving as an annular flow path (gap) for discharging the crushed pieces between the rotor 36 and the inner wall surface of the cylindrical saddle-shaped container 12. On the side, eight circular through holes 50 are formed concentrically. Of the eight through holes 50, four through holes 50 are formed opposite to the through holes 42.
[0019]
In the above configuration, when the rotor 36 and the upper plate 34 are rotating as the motor 30 is driven to rotate, the waste industrial product 14 conveyed by the input conveyor 52 is input into the cylindrical vertical container 12 from the input port 16. Then, the thrown-out industrial product 14 collides with the rotating part including the upper plate 34, the rotor 36, and the grinder 48 and is sequentially crushed. The crushed pieces generated by the crushing are spun off to the outer peripheral side of the rotor 36 by the centrifugal force of the rotor 36 and further subdivided by the choke portion 48. The subdivided crushed pieces fall through the choke portion 48, The fallen fragments are discharged to the discharge port 18 side by the rotation of the discharge plate 40 and then discharged from the discharge port 18.
[0020]
In the process in which the waste industrial product 14 is crushed, an air flow path as shown by an arrow is formed in the cylindrical vertical container 12. That is, the airflow formed in the vicinity of the input port 16 passes through the inside of the container 12 from the input port 16, is contracted by the choke portion 48, and is then discharged from the discharge port 18 by the discharge plate 40. In this case, in this embodiment, since the upper plate 34 and the rotor 36 are formed with through holes 42 and 50, respectively, the substantial flow area of the airflow increases, and as a result, the flow resistance decreases. The gas discharge flow rate can be increased.
[0021]
Furthermore, even when the waste industrial product 14 contains foamed urethane and dust is generated when the waste industrial product 14 is crushed, the discharge time of dust such as urethane dust can be shortened.
[0022]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, a gas downward flow is generated at the center of the cylindrical saddle-shaped container 12, and a gas upward flow is generated at the outer peripheral side. This is because the swirling gas flow is generated in the container 12 by the rotational movement of the rotor 36, the upper plate 34, and the grinder 38, and this swirling gas flow is added to the gas generated in the container 12 as a centrifugal force. This is because the gas generated in 12 moves to the vicinity of the wall surface of the container 12. Then, the gas that has reached the wall surface of the container 12 rises along the wall surface in search of a destination. On the other hand, since the gas is insufficient in the central portion of the container 12, a downward flow is generated to draw the gas from the upper part of the container 12. As a result, a gas circulation flow as shown in FIG.
[0023]
In consideration of the fact that such a circulating flow of gas is generated in the container 12, in the present embodiment, through holes 48 and 50 are formed in a region corresponding to the downward flow of gas in the upper plate 34 and the rotor 36. Therefore, even if a downward flow flows through the through holes 42 and 50 and urethane dust is generated in the container 12, the urethane dust can be discharged through the through holes 42 and 50. , The urethane dust can be discharged in a shorter time compared to the conventional structure without 50.
[0024]
FIG. 6 is an experimental result showing a difference in gas discharge time with and without the through holes 42 and 50. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the exhaust gas flow rate, and the vertical axis represents the gas discharge time.
[0025]
From the experimental results shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that by providing the through holes 42 and 50, the discharge time of the gas containing urethane dust can be shortened.
[0026]
When the through holes 42 and 50 are formed on the inner peripheral side of the upper plate 34 and the rotor 36, the following is taken into consideration. That is, most of the crushed pieces of the abandoned industrial product 14 crushed by the grinder 38 are blown off to the outer peripheral side by the centrifugal force of the rotating part such as the rotor 36, and light things such as urethane dust remain on the inner peripheral side. This is because it is desirable to provide the through holes 42 and 50 on the inner peripheral side in order to discharge light dust such as urethane.
[0027]
Further, when the through holes 42 and 50 are formed, it is desirable that the minimum gap width (diameter) of each through hole 42 and 50 is equal to or larger than the gap width of the choke portion 48. The reason for this is that most of the crushed pieces existing in the container 12 are larger than the gap of the choke portion 48 so that these crushed pieces get caught in the through-holes and do not block the flow path.
[0028]
Further, when the through hole 50 is formed, it is desirable that the ratio of the channel cross-sectional area of the choke portion 48 to the total cross-sectional area of the entire through hole 50 is 1.0 or less.
[0029]
The reason for this will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the ratio of the flow path area of the choke portion 48 to the total cross-sectional area of the entire through hole 50, and the vertical axis represents the cross-sectional area of the through hole and the amount of exhaust gas when the exhaust gas flow rate is defined. The relationship is predicted by numerical simulation.
[0030]
From FIG. 7, it can be seen that when the flow path cross-sectional area ratio exceeds 1.0, the flow path increase is slow. When the flow path cross-sectional area ratio exceeds 1.0, the cross-sectional area of the through hole 50 becomes large, and there is a possibility that the crushed pieces fall from the through hole. Further, if the area of the through hole 50 is too large, the strength of the rotor 36 may be reduced. Therefore, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the choke portion 48 to the total cross-sectional area of the entire through hole 50 is preferably set to 1.0 or less.
[0031]
In the present embodiment, the circular through holes 42 and 50 have been described. However, the through holes 42 and 50 may have other shapes such as an ellipse and a rectangle.
[0032]
Further, even when a circular hole is used as the through hole 50, as shown in FIG. 8, a structure in which a plurality of lattices 54 as blocking members that block a part of the through hole 50 are arranged in the through hole 50 is employed. You can also. In this case, the area of the through-hole 50 itself can be used even if the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the choke portion 48 to the total cross-sectional area of the entire through-hole 50 is 1.0 or more.
[0033]
Further, since the through holes 42 and 50 can be formed with a drill or the like, it can be realized easily and inexpensively.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress dust from rising in the container.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part of a crushing apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of a rotating part in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing a configuration of a grinder.
FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a flow pattern in the crushing apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a difference in gas discharge time with and without a through hole.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a relationship between a flow path cross-sectional area and an exhaust gas amount.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view showing another embodiment of the rotor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Crushing device 12 Cylindrical vertical container 14 Waste industrial product 16 Input port 18 Discharge port 20 Free fall space part 22 Rotating shaft 30 Motor 34 Upper plate 36 Rotor 38 Grinder 42 Through-hole 48 Choke part 50 Through-hole 54 Grid

Claims (5)

A free fall space portion between the input port and the discharge port, having an input port for charging the waste industrial product and a discharge port for discharging the crushed pieces obtained by crushing the waste industrial product A cylindrical bowl-shaped container that forms a shaft, a rotary shaft that is rotatably disposed along the axis of the cylindrical bowl-shaped container on the discharge port side of the free fall space portion, and rotationally drives the rotary shaft a rotary drive means, a rotary disc which is fixed to the rotating shaft with a gap between the inner wall surface of the cylindrical vertical vessel, by a pin which is fixed to the surface facing the inlet of said rotary disc A crushing member that is supported and crushes the waste industrial product introduced from the inlet by a rotary motion, and is crushed by the crushing member provided between the rotating disk and the inner wall surface of the cylindrical vertical container. an annular fragments passage is the gap crushed pieces of the waste industrial products passes A through hole for discharging the crushing member and the tubular vertical gas stream containing urethane dust flowing in the vessel through the rotary disc provided on the inner peripheral side in the vertical than the cylindrical of the turntable A crushing device having a discharge plate fixed to the bottom side of the vertical container .   The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing device includes a plurality of through holes provided vertically through the rotating disk, the cross-sectional area of the crushing piece channel is a denominator, and the entire through holes are cut off. A crusher characterized in that the ratio of the area to the molecule is set to 1.0 or less. The crushing device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of through holes are formed in a region corresponding to a downward flow of a gas flow including urethane dust formed in the free fall space portion. Crushing equipment.   The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a minimum gap width of the through hole is formed larger than the annular flow path width.   5. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a clogging member that closes a part of the through hole is disposed in the through hole. .

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