JP4193161B2 - Influenza virus growth inhibitor - Google Patents

Influenza virus growth inhibitor Download PDF

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JP4193161B2
JP4193161B2 JP2000133820A JP2000133820A JP4193161B2 JP 4193161 B2 JP4193161 B2 JP 4193161B2 JP 2000133820 A JP2000133820 A JP 2000133820A JP 2000133820 A JP2000133820 A JP 2000133820A JP 4193161 B2 JP4193161 B2 JP 4193161B2
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potato
anthocyanin
pigment
influenza virus
growth inhibitor
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JP2001316399A (en
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洋子 松谷
達夫 錫谷
匡伸 東
元幸 森
哲義 和田
一也 林
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素混合物を有効成分とするインフルエンザウイルスの増殖抑制剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
馬鈴薯はナス科の多年草であり、南米の標高3,000〜4,000mの中央アンデス高地が原産とされる。その栽培の起源は古く、原産地のアンデスでは、黄金で栄えたインカ文明より1,000年以上も前のティワナコ文明期の土器にも馬鈴薯のモチーフが見られる。ヨーロッパにもたらされた当初は花を観賞用として栽培されていたが、冷涼な気候でも丈夫に育ち、地中に産することから救荒作物などとして用いられ、18世紀後半には麦,イネ,大豆と並ぶ主要作物となった。
世界に広く栽培されている馬鈴薯はS. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.で、染色体数が2n=48の4倍体種である。しかし、原産地のアンデス高原では2倍体から5倍体の様々な種が栽培されている。これらは1,700種以上にもおよび、サツマイモのような形状や複雑にねじれたようなものなど様々なものがある。また、これらの中には表皮の色が赤や紫、黒などの鮮やかな色を持ち、肉色が赤〜紫色や濃黄色に着色した品種が存在している。これらは、普通栽培種の祖先や同一起源の近縁種で、4倍体のS. tuberosum ssp. andigena L.や2倍体のS. phureja Juz. et Buk.などがあり、カロテンやアントシアニンのような機能性色素を含有しているものがある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明者らは、これらの馬鈴薯の皮部・肉部から抽出したアントシアニン色素にインフルエンザAおよびインフルエンザBウイルスの増殖を抑える作用を見出して本発明に至った。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、皮部・肉部にアントシアニン色素を含む普通栽培種又は異種栽培種、或いはそれらを基に交配育種し、色素濃度,耐病性,収量性等の実用形質改良を進めた品種からpH3.0以下の酸あるいは酸性アルコールを抽出溶媒として用い、10℃以下で抽出した馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素混合物を有効成分とすることを特徴とするインフルエンザウイルスの増殖抑制剤を提案するものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
▲1▼色素処理法
通常の紫サツマイモや赤キャベツのような原料からアントシアニン色素を抽出するには0.5%硫酸を用いて常温で抽出している。この条件下でも、紫サツマイモや赤キャベツではさほど抽出される色素に影響はない。
しかし、馬鈴薯塊茎にはポリフェノールを褐変させるポリフェノールオキシダーゼ(チロシナーゼ)の様な酸化酵素が存在し、その酵素活性が非常に強く、アントシアニン色素が容易に変色分解する。また、馬鈴薯由来のアントシアニン色素は、紫サツマイモや赤キャベツのアントシアニン色素に比較して希薄条件下での安定性に難がある。
したがって、本発明における馬鈴薯由来のアントシアニン色素を馬鈴薯塊茎から抽出するには、従来のような抽出方法では色素の構造変化を生ずることなく安定に効率よく色素を取得することは困難である。
【0006】
有色馬鈴薯塊茎からアントシアニン色素を抽出するには、酸あるいは酸性アルコールを抽出溶媒として用いる。前述の酸化酵素の活性を止める条件としては、pH3.0以下の酸性にする,10℃以下(出来れば4℃以下)にする,50%以上のアルコールで抽出する,などの抽出条件が挙げられる。酸については乳酸,酢酸,クエン酸などを使用できるが、より抽出効率や色素安定性がいいものとしてはギ酸,トリフルオロ酢酸がある。酸の濃度は1〜5%程度である。また、抽出液に1%以上の食塩(出来れば5%程度)を入れることも良い。
【0007】
以下に、本発明に用いられるアントシアニン色素の抽出に好ましい一例を挙げる。
まず、有色馬鈴薯塊茎を、スライサー等を用いて2mm厚にスライスし、スライスが直接、4倍量程度の抽出液に投入されるようにして、塊茎スライスの変色を防ぐようにする。
その際、抽出液には1%食塩を含む3%ギ酸溶液を用いる。また、抽出温度、抽出液温とも酸化酵素の働かない、4℃で行う。
【0008】
次に、色素抽出液を濾過あるいは遠心分離等の固−液分離法により固形物を除去して馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素抽出液を得る。この段階でも抗ウイルス活性を示すが(表1:表1では1%乳酸のみでの抽出液)、さらに本抽出液のアントシアニン色素などのフラボノイド系色素成分を、合成吸着樹脂、例えばAmberlite XAD-7(オルガノ社製)の様なメタアクリル酸エステル系樹脂やHP−20(三菱化成社製)の様なスチレン−ジビニルベンゼン系樹脂に吸着させ、色素成分をエタノールにて溶出させる。この色素成分の溶出に使用する溶媒としてはメタノールやイソプロパンノールなどのアルコール類やアセトニトリル等の有機溶媒、さらに、それらの水との混合溶媒(重量%で50%以上が好ましい)を用いることが出来る。
【0009】
続いて吸着樹脂により処理した色素成分液を凍結乾燥あるいは40℃以下の温度で減圧乾燥して粗アントシアニン色素粉末を得る。この段階での抗ウイルス活性は、抽出液に比較してかなり向上が見られる(表2)が、さらにアントシアニン色素の純度を上げることで高い抗ウイルス活性を示す。
【0010】
得られた粗アントシアニン色素粉末を少量の99.9%エタノールに溶解し、これに過剰のジエチルエーテルを添加してアントシアニン色素を強制的に沈殿させる。生じた沈殿を40℃以下の減圧乾燥あるいは凍結乾燥を行い、精製アントシアニン色素粉末を得ることが出来る。この最終段階での抗ウイルス活性は表3に示す通りである。
【0011】
【表1】

Figure 0004193161
【表2】
Figure 0004193161
【表3】
Figure 0004193161
【0012】
▲2▼馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素の主要な構造
アントシアニン色素含有馬鈴薯には肉部の色調で赤系と紫系がある。現在最も多く栽培中の品種,紫馬鈴薯「インカパープル」中に含まれているアントシアニン色素は、図1に示す高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)分析より明らかなように約7種類ほどある。そのうち4種類ほどが有機酸によってアシル化している。主要色素は3-O-[6-O-(4-O-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-petunidin(ペタニン)である。
【化1】
Figure 0004193161
【0013】
また、赤馬鈴薯「インカレッド」中に含まれるアントシアニン色素は、図2に示す高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)分析より明らかなように約8種類であり、そのうちの4〜6種類ほどが有機酸によってアシル化している。主要色素は3-O-[6-O-(4-O-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-pelargonidin(ペラニン)である。
【化2】
Figure 0004193161
【0014】
以上のように精製した色素においてかなりの抗ウイルス活性が見られる。
しかしながら、赤馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素の90%以上を占める主成分であるペラニン(pelargonidin 3-p -coumaroyrutinose,5-diglucose)に類似した構造であるpelargonidin 3-p-coumaroyglucose、5-glucose(Pg 3-pC・glc、5-glc)やpelargonidin 3-p-coumaroyglucose、5-malonylglucose(Pg 3-pC・glc、5-Ma・glc)ではペラニンに比較して抗ウイルス活性が弱く(表4)、抗インフルエンザウイルス活性は馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素の構造に起因していると考えられる。
【0015】
【表4】
Figure 0004193161
【0016】
馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素がインフルエンザウイルスを抑制する効果を示す理由については不明であるが、ウイルスの酵素を阻害することやウイルスのタンパク質を凝集させるなどの理由が推定される。生体内での反応は未知であるが、アントシアニン色素は安全性が高いため、現有の風邪薬への利用や、家庭用、業務用集塵フィルター、ウイルス防御用マスク等への応用などの、インフルエンザウイルス防御を目的とした分野に利用できる可能性が高い。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明の抗インフルエンザ活性を有する材料は、馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素からなり、その原材料である馬鈴薯は入手が容易であり、しかも安価であって、さらにはその抽出、精製も特殊な設備を必要とすることなく比較的容易に行うことができるので、極めて実用的価値が高いものである。そして、アントシアニン色素は安全性が高いため、現有の風邪薬への利用や、家庭用、業務用集塵フィルター、ウイルス防御用マスク等への応用などの、インフルエンザウイルス防御を目的とした分野に利用できる可能性が高い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】紫馬鈴薯由来のアントシアニン色素の高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)分析である。
【図2】赤馬鈴薯由来のアントシアニン色素の高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)分析である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an influenza virus growth inhibitor comprising a potato anthocyanin pigment mixture as an active ingredient .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Potato is a perennial plant belonging to the solanaceous family and is native to the Central Andean highlands, 3,000 to 4,000 meters above sea level in South America. The origin of the cultivation is old, and in the native Andes, potato motifs are also found in the pottery of the Tiwanako civilization period more than 1,000 years before the golden Inca civilization. Although it was first cultivated for ornamental purposes in Europe, it was cultivated in a cool climate and was used as a salvage crop because it grows in the ground. In the second half of the 18th century, wheat, rice, It became the main crop along with soybeans.
The potato widely cultivated in the world is S. tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum L., which is a tetraploid species with 2n = 48 chromosomes. However, various species of diploid to pentaploid are cultivated in the Andean plateau of origin. There are over 1,700 kinds of these, and there are various things such as sweet potato-like shapes and complicated twists. In addition, among these, there are varieties whose skin color is bright, such as red, purple, and black, and whose flesh color is colored from red to purple or dark yellow. These are ancestors of common cultivars and closely related species of the same origin, such as tetraploid S. tuberosum ssp. Andigena L. and diploid S. phureja Juz. Et Buk. Some of them contain such functional dyes.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present inventors have found that anthocyanin pigments extracted from the skin and meat parts of these potatoes have the effect of suppressing the proliferation of influenza A and influenza B viruses, and have reached the present invention.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has a pH of 3 from normal or heterogeneous cultivated varieties containing anthocyanin pigments in the skin and flesh, or from breeds that have been cross-bred based on these and have improved practical traits such as pigment concentration, disease resistance, and yield. The present invention proposes an influenza virus growth inhibitor characterized by using, as an active ingredient, a potato anthocyanin dye mixture extracted at 10 ° C. or lower using an acid or acidic alcohol of 0.0 or lower as an extraction solvent.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(1) Dye treatment method Anthocyanin dyes are extracted from raw materials such as ordinary purple sweet potato and red cabbage by using 0.5% sulfuric acid at room temperature. Even under this condition, purple sweet potato and red cabbage have no effect on the extracted pigment.
However, potato tubers contain an oxidase such as polyphenol oxidase (tyrosinase) that browns polyphenol, its enzyme activity is very strong, and anthocyanin pigments are easily discolored and decomposed. In addition, anthocyanin pigments derived from potato have difficulty in stability under dilute conditions as compared to purple sweet potato and red cabbage anthocyanin pigments.
Therefore, in order to extract the potato-derived anthocyanin pigment in the present invention from potato tubers, it is difficult to obtain the pigment stably and efficiently without causing a structural change of the pigment by a conventional extraction method.
[0006]
To extract anthocyanin pigment from colored potato tubers, acid or acidic alcohol is used as an extraction solvent. The conditions for stopping the activity of the above-mentioned oxidase include extraction conditions such as acidification of pH 3.0 or lower, 10 ° C. or lower (preferably 4 ° C. or lower), and extraction with 50% or higher alcohol. . As the acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid and the like can be used, but formic acid and trifluoroacetic acid are those having better extraction efficiency and dye stability. The acid concentration is about 1 to 5%. It is also possible to add 1% or more of salt (about 5% if possible) to the extract.
[0007]
Below, a preferable example is shown for the extraction of the anthocyanin pigment | dye used for this invention .
First, a colored potato tuber is sliced to a thickness of 2 mm using a slicer or the like, and the slice is directly put into about 4 times the amount of the extract to prevent discoloration of the tuber slice.
At that time, a 3% formic acid solution containing 1% sodium chloride is used as the extract. Further, the extraction temperature and the extraction liquid temperature are carried out at 4 ° C. where oxidase does not work.
[0008]
Next, the solid matter is removed from the pigment extract by a solid-liquid separation method such as filtration or centrifugation to obtain a potato anthocyanin pigment extract. Although antiviral activity is also exhibited at this stage (Table 1: Extracted solution with only 1% lactic acid in Table 1), flavonoid pigment components such as anthocyanin pigments of this extract are further added to synthetic adsorption resins such as Amberlite XAD-7 It is adsorbed on a methacrylic ester resin such as (Organo) or a styrene-divinylbenzene resin such as HP-20 (Mitsubishi Kasei), and the pigment component is eluted with ethanol. Solvents used for elution of the pigment component include alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol, organic solvents such as acetonitrile, and mixed solvents with water (preferably 50% or more by weight). I can do it.
[0009]
Subsequently, the dye component liquid treated with the adsorption resin is freeze-dried or dried under reduced pressure at a temperature of 40 ° C. or lower to obtain a crude anthocyanin dye powder. Although the antiviral activity at this stage is considerably improved as compared with the extract (Table 2), it shows high antiviral activity by further increasing the purity of the anthocyanin pigment.
[0010]
The obtained crude anthocyanin dye powder is dissolved in a small amount of 99.9% ethanol, and excess diethyl ether is added thereto to forcibly precipitate the anthocyanin dye. The resulting precipitate can be dried under reduced pressure or lyophilization at 40 ° C. or lower to obtain purified anthocyanin dye powder. The antiviral activity at this final stage is as shown in Table 3.
[0011]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004193161
[Table 2]
Figure 0004193161
[Table 3]
Figure 0004193161
[0012]
(2) Main structure of potato anthocyanin pigments Anthocyanin pigment-containing potatoes have a red color and a purple color depending on the color of the meat. As is clear from the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis shown in FIG. 1, there are about seven types of anthocyanin pigments contained in the most cultivated variety, purple potato “Inca Purple”. About 4 of them are acylated with organic acids. The main dye is 3-O- [6-O- (4-O-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranosyl] -5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-petunidin (petanin) is there.
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004193161
[0013]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis shows about 8 types of anthocyanin dyes contained in red potato “Inca Red”, and 4 to 6 of them are organic acids. Acylation. The main dye is 3-O- [6-O- (4-O-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranosyl] -5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-pelargonidin (peranine) is there.
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0004193161
[0014]
Considerable antiviral activity is observed in the dye purified as described above.
However, pelargonidin 3-p-coumaroyglucose and 5-glucose (Pg 3-pC), which have a structure similar to that of peranin (pelargonidin 3-p-coumaroyrutinose, 5-diglucose), which is the main component accounting for 90% or more of the red potato anthocyanin pigment.・ Glc, 5-glc), pelargonidin 3-p-coumaroyglucose and 5-malonylglucose (Pg 3-pC · glc, 5-Ma · glc) have weaker antiviral activity than peranin (Table 4) Viral activity is thought to be due to the structure of potato anthocyanin pigment.
[0015]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004193161
[0016]
The reason why the potato anthocyanin pigment shows the effect of suppressing the influenza virus is unknown, but the reasons such as inhibition of viral enzymes and aggregation of viral proteins are presumed. Although the reaction in vivo is unknown, anthocyanin dyes are highly safe, so they can be used for existing cold medicines, and for home and commercial dust collection filters, virus protection masks, etc. There is a high possibility that it can be used in the field of virus protection.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the material having anti-influenza activity of the present invention comprises a potato anthocyanin pigment, and potato, which is a raw material, is easily available, is inexpensive, and has a special equipment for its extraction and purification. Since it can be carried out relatively easily without the need for, it has extremely high practical value. And since anthocyanin dyes are highly safe, they are used in fields aimed at protecting against influenza viruses, such as the use of existing cold medicines, home and commercial dust collection filters, and virus protection masks. It is highly possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of an anthocyanin dye derived from purple potato.
FIG. 2 is a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of an anthocyanin pigment derived from red potato.

Claims (1)

皮部・肉部にアントシアニン色素を含む普通栽培種又は異種栽培種、或いはそれらを基に交配育種し、色素濃度,耐病性,収量性等の実用形質改良を進めた品種からpH3.0以下の酸あるいは酸性アルコールを抽出溶媒として用い、10℃以下で抽出した馬鈴薯アントシアニン色素混合物を有効成分とすることを特徴とするインフルエンザウイルスの増殖抑制剤。Average cultivated species or heterologous cultivated in the skin portion, meat part containing anthocyanin pigment, or they were cross breeding into groups, dye density, disease resistance, from varieties proceeded practical trait improvement in yield, etc. of pH3.0 or less An influenza virus growth inhibitor comprising, as an active ingredient, a potato anthocyanin pigment mixture extracted at 10 ° C. or lower using an acid or an acidic alcohol as an extraction solvent.
JP2000133820A 2000-05-02 2000-05-02 Influenza virus growth inhibitor Expired - Lifetime JP4193161B2 (en)

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US20040009249A1 (en) 2002-07-09 2004-01-15 Hiroshige Hibasami Apoptosis inductor extracted from potato, potato foodstuff containing the inductor, and processed product thereof
CN101962486B (en) * 2010-08-26 2013-06-26 浙江毕尔锐思生物技术有限公司 Industrial production method for extracting natural purple sweet potato coloring matter for food from edible purple sweet potato
CN108658923A (en) * 2018-05-07 2018-10-16 山西纳安生物科技有限公司 A method of extracting purple sweet potato cyanidin with acidic oxidized electric potential water
KR102225151B1 (en) * 2019-06-25 2021-03-10 주식회사 제이비케이랩 Uses of anthocyanin-anionic polysaccharide complex for preventing or treating infection of influenza virus A

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