JP4189100B2 - Multi-layer spray type surface treatment method - Google Patents

Description

【００６４】
即ち、本明細書で、骨材の最小粒径がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で１０ｍｍ未満とは、その骨材がＪＩＳ Ｚ８８０１で規定する網ふるいの目開きの基準寸法が９．５ｍｍのふるいを通過する骨材粒を含んでいることを意味し、骨材の最小粒径がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で１０ｍｍ以上とは、その骨材がＪＩＳ Ｚ８８０１で規定する網ふるいの目開きの基準寸法が９．５ｍｍのふるいを通過する骨材粒を含んでいないことを意味する。また、最小粒径と最大粒径との差がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で２ｍｍ以上とは、最小粒径がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で５ｍｍの場合、その骨材の集団の最大粒径のものは、５ｍｍよりも２ｍｍ以上大きな呼び寸法をもつふるい、即ち、７ｍｍの呼び寸法をもつふるいを少なくとも通過する一方で、それよりも小さな６ｍｍの呼び寸法をもつふるいを通過しなことを意味し、また、最小粒径と最大粒径との差がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で５ｍｍ未満とは、最小粒径がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で５ｍｍの場合、その骨材の集団の最大粒径のものは、５ｍｍよりも５ｍｍ未満の呼び寸法をもつふるい、即ち、８ｍｍの呼び寸法をもつふるいを通過するということを意味する。同様に、最小粒径と最大粒径との差がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で３ｍｍ超、６ｍｍ以下とは、最小粒径がふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で１０ｍｍの場合、その骨材の集団の最大粒径のものは、少なくとも、１０ｍｍよりも３ｍｍ大きな呼び寸法のふるい、即ち、呼び寸法１３ｍｍのふるいを通過せず、１０ｍｍよりも６ｍｍ大きな呼び寸法をもつふるい、即ち、呼び寸法１６ｍｍのふるいを通過するということを意味する。なお、ここで、ふるいを通過するとか、通過しないとか言うのは、いずれも実質的かつ常識的なレベルでの判断であり、部分的にダストのようなものがふるいを通過したり、特異的な粒がふるい上に残ったとしても、骨材の集団全体から見て無視できる場合には、それらのものはふるいを通過するしないの判断には影響を与えないものとする。以下、本明細書では、特に断りのない限り、骨材の粒径や粒度は、ふるいの目開きの呼び寸法によるものとする。
【００６５】
なお、本発明で最下層に使用する骨材は、上記のような粒度の条件を満たしさえすれば、粒径の上限値及び下限値に特に制限はないが、できれば最小粒径が５ｍｍ以上、最大粒径が２０ｍｍ以下のものが好ましい。最小粒径が５ｍｍ未満では、骨材の粒径が小さ過ぎ、路面の凹凸やひび割れ等が有効にカバーされない恐れがある。また、散布した結合材が路面上に形成する結合材散布層の層厚に、骨材自身の敷き均し厚さが限りなく近づき、場合によると結合材の層厚よりも骨材の敷き均し厚が小さくなって、フラッシュの原因の一つともなる。一方、最大粒径が２０ｍｍを越えると、施工後の路面が粗面になるばかりでなく、車両の走行により発生する交通騒音の増大や、車両が表面処理層の上を走行することによって、骨材の飛散が生じる場合があり、好ましくない。
【００６６】
また、最下層以外の層に使用される骨材としては、その粒度に特に制限がある訳ではないが、通常、その下の層に使用される骨材よりも小径の骨材を使用するのが望ましく、最上層には、細目砂、中目砂、そして粗目砂や粒径２．５〜５ｍｍの７号砕石なども用いられる。
【００６７】
〈繊維材料〉
本発明で使用される繊維材料としては、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリプロピレン、ビニロン、アクリル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン等の合成繊維、または半合成繊維、天然繊維、ガラス繊維、再生繊維、炭素繊維、金属繊維等、種々のものが用いられるが、中でも、ポリエステル繊維が好ましい。
【００６８】
これらの繊維は、適当な長さに切断された短繊維として用いることもできるが、モノフィラメントや、モノフィラメントを多数集束させたマルチフィラメントとしても、あるいは、紡績糸や撚糸としても用いることが可能であり、さらには、不織布、織布、編布としてシート状にして用いることも可能である。
【００６９】
短繊維の長さに特に制限はないが、あまり短いと表面処理層の繊維による強度維持や防水性能、および、ひび割れ防止等に効果がないので、３ｍｍ以上のもの、好ましくは５ｍｍ〜７０ｍｍ程度のものが好ましい。
【００７０】
次に、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法について説明する。
【００７１】
まず、施工路面をロードスイーパーで清掃した後、加熱型結合材を散布する。加熱型結合材を散布するに先立って、路面が荒れて粗面度の高い箇所等に、プライマーを散布するようにしても良い。プライマーには、加熱型結合材と路面との接着性やなじみ性などを増強する効果がある。加熱型結合材の散布量は、骨材が路面に結合される限り特に制限はないが、通常、一層当たりの散布量は、１００ｍ^２当り６０〜２５０リットルの範囲が好ましい。１００ｍ^２当りの加熱型結合材量が６０リットル未満では、路面と骨材及び骨材と骨材間の結合力、接着力が不足する可能性があり、逆に、２５０リットルを越えると、フラッシュ現象の原因となる。また、この加熱型結合材の散布量は、骨材の粒径に応じて変化し、一般には、粒径の大きな骨材を使用する場合ほど結合材の散布量は多くなる。
【００７２】
加熱型結合材の散布後、散布された結合材上に骨材を散布する。通常、骨材の一層当たりの散布量は、１００ｍ^２当り０．４〜２．５ｍ^３の範囲が好ましい。１００ｍ^２当りの骨材の散布量が０．４ｍ^３未満であると、フラッシュ現象の原因となり、逆に、１００ｍ^２当りの骨材量が２．５ｍ^３を越えると、余剰の骨材が浮石となって車両の通行を妨げるばかりでなく、歩行者にとっても歩行しづらい路面となる。また、骨材の散布量は、粒径の大きい骨材ほど多目に散布するのが望ましい。骨材の散布後、表面を軽く転圧するのが望ましい。なお、骨材は、通常、常温で散布されるが、１００〜１７０℃に加熱した状態で散布するようにしても良い。
【００７３】
続いて、先の層に散布した骨材よりも後の層に散布する骨材をより小径のものに代えて、同様の作業を、構築する層の数に応じて繰り返すが、最上層を構築する場合には常温型の結合材を使用する。結合材及び骨材の散布量は各層ともに最下層の場合と同様である。最上層を構築するに際して、骨材として、有色のものを使用すれば、簡便にカラー舗装を実現することができる。また、光反射性、光輝性ないしは蛍光性の骨材を使用すれば、簡便に光反射性舗装ないしは蛍光性舗装を構築することが可能である。
【００７４】
なお、以上のような結合材の散布と骨材の散布とは、できるだけ、一定の短い時間間隔で行われるのが望ましく、そのような施工を容易に可能にする作業車としては、例えば、同じ出願人による特願平１１−１４５６１４号明細書、特願平１１−１４５６１２号明細書、特願平１０−１７２１０７号明細書、特願平１０−１７２１１９号明細書、及び、特願平１０−１７７９８６号明細書に開示したような作業車を用いるのが望ましい。これら明細書に開示された作業車においては、結合材の散布装置と骨材の散布位置とが、共に、作業車の前輪より前、前輪と後輪の間、或いは、後輪よりも後ろになるように配置されており、結合材が散布された上に直ちに骨材が散布されるので、作業車のタイヤ若しくはクローラーが散布された結合材上を踏むことがなく、一旦散布された結合材が剥離したり、タイヤ等に付着して他の路面等を汚す恐れがない。しかも、上記明細書に開示されたような作業車にあっては、結合材の散布装置と骨材の散布装置とが共に単一の作業車上に搭載され、それぞれの散布が行われるので、結合材の散布から骨材の散布までを一貫した作業として管理、施工することができ、均一で耐久性に富む安定した表面処理層を構築することが可能である。そのような作業車の例を図２〜図４に示す。
【００７５】
図２は、結合材の散布装置と骨材の散布装置とが、共に、作業車前輪よりも前に配置された作業車の例であって、図２において、符号５は作業車、６ａ、６ｂは、それぞれ、作業車５の前輪及び後輪、７は結合材の散布装置としてのスプレーノズル、８は骨材の散布装置としての骨材ビン(bin )である。骨材ビンとしては、同じ出願人による前記特願平１１−１４５６１４号明細書、特願平１１−１４５６１２号明細書、特願平１０−１７２１０７号明細書、特願平１０−１７２１１９号明細書、及び、特願平１０−１７７９８６号明細書に開示した作業車に搭載されたようなものを使用する。結合材は、図示しない供給車から符号９で示される搬入ソケットを介して搬入され、搬送ポンプ１０によってスプレーバー１１へと圧送されて、スプレーノズル７から路面に向かって散布される。結合材用のスプレーノズル７に近接して、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズルや、水又はプライマー用のスプレーノズルを設けることも随時可能である。
【００７６】
一方、骨材は、骨材搬送車１２から骨材ビン８へ導入され、骨材散布幅調節扉１３と骨材搬送ロール１４との間から、結合材上に、骨材３として散布される。なお、１５は支持腕、１６は骨材搬送車１２の後輪を押すプッシュローラー、１７はエンジンである。
【００７７】
図３は、結合材の散布装置と骨材の散布装置とが、共に、作業車前輪と後輪の間に配置された作業車の例であって、図２と同じものには同じ符号が付してある。図３に示される作業車５は、保温・加熱装置を有した結合材の貯蔵タンク１８を備えており、貯蔵タンク１８には、図示しない供給車から搬入ソケット９を介して結合材が導入され、例えば、所定の温度に維持された状態で保持される。１９は水タンクであり、２１はプライマータンクである。結合材は、搬送ポンプ１０によってスプレーバー１１へと圧送され、スプレーノズル７から散布される。骨材は、図２の例と同じく、骨材ビン８から、結合材の層上に散布される。なお、２０は骨材搬送車１２の後輪を乗せる載置台であり、２２は水又はプライマー用のスプレーバー、２３はスプレーノズルである。また、２４は作業ステップ、２５は路面加熱用の加熱装置であり、２６は加熱装置２５用のエネルギー源である。結合材用のスプレーノズル７に近接して、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズルを設けることも随時可能である。
【００７８】
図４は、結合材の散布装置と骨材の散布装置とが、共に、作業車後輪よりも後方に配置された作業車の例であって、図２、図３と同じものには同じ符号が付してある。結合材は、図示しない供給車から搬入ソケット９を介して搬入された後、作業車５内の図示しない保温・加熱装置を有したタンクに一時貯蔵され、スプレーノズル７から路面上に散布される。一方、骨材は、図示しない骨材搬送車から骨材ポッパー２７に搬入され、搬送コンベア２８に運ばれ、骨材ビン８から散布される。結合材用のスプレーノズル７に近接して、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズルを設けることも随時可能である。
【００７９】
以上の図２ないし図４に示した作業車においては、結合材の散布装置と骨材の散布装置とが１組しか搭載しておらず、このような作業車によって本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法を施工するには、１台の作業車を複数回施工路面上を走行させるか、複数台の作業車を用いる必要があるが、作業車に結合材の散布装置と骨材の散布装置とを複数組搭載しておくことも可能であり、そのような作業車を用いれば、１回の走行で本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法を施工することができる。
【００８０】
結合材として二液型の樹脂を使用する場合には、散布直前に両者を混合したものを散布するようにしても良いし、上記のような作業車において、結合材のスプレーノズルから主剤を、水又はプライマー用のスプレーノズルから硬化剤を散布して、両者を空中乃至は路面上で接触混合するようにしても良い。また、別途、硬化剤用のノズルを設けても良いことは勿論である。
【００８１】
各層ごとに骨材の散布後、散布面を転圧する事が望ましく、転圧機としては、例えば、タイヤローラー、鉄輪ローラー、振動ローラーなどの自走式転圧機を使用することができる。最後にロードスイーパーによって浮石を除去して交通に開放する。
【００８２】
また、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法においては、結合材の散布と同時に、又は、結合材の散布と相前後して、繊維材料を散布若しくは敷き均すようにしても良い。結合材の散布と同時に、又は、結合材の散布と相前後して、繊維材料を散布若しくは敷き均すには、例えば、図５に示すような作業車を用いることが望ましい。図５の作業車は、結合材の散布装置、骨材の散布装置、及び、繊維材料の散布若しくは敷き均し装置を全て作業車後輪よりも後方に配置した作業車の例であって、図２〜図４と同じものには同じ符号が付してある。
【００８３】
図５において、符号２９は、モノフィラメント、マルチフィラメント、紡績糸、撚糸等の繊維材料の収納装置を示し、収納されている繊維材料３０はノズル３１からランダムな方向に、あるいは一定の方向に噴射されるようになっている。また、この繊維材料収納装置２９には、短繊維３２を合わせて収納することができ、短繊維３２もノズル３１から噴射されるようになっている。この図示の例では、繊維材料は、結合材がノズル７から散布された後に散布されるようになっているが、結合材のノズル７と繊維材料のノズル３１との距離を近づけて、両者を同時に散布させ、空中で互いに混じり合うようにすることも可能である。なお、結合材用のスプレーノズル７に近接して、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズルを設けることや、水又はプライマー用のスプレーノズルを設けることも随時可能である。また、結合材の散布装置、骨材の散布装置、及び、繊維材料の散布若しくは敷き均し装置を全て作業車前輪よりも前方に配置したり、作業車前輪と後輪との間に配置したりすることも勿論、可能である。
【００８４】
なお、図には示していないが、モノフィラメント、マルチフィラメント、紡績糸、撚糸等の繊維材料を作業車の車幅方向に向かって噴射するノズルを別途設けることも可能であり、この図示しないノズルによって繊維材料を作業車の車幅方向に噴射するとともに、ノズル３１から繊維材料を作業車の進行方向と平行に噴射することによって、路面上で同種または異種の繊維材料を互いに直行する方向に堆積させることも可能である。
【００８５】
一方、符号３３は、不織布、織布、編布等のシート状繊維材料３４の収納装置を示し、シート状繊維材料はロール状に巻かれて保持されている。このシート状繊維材料は、送り出し装置３５によって送り出され、路面上に敷き均される。３６は、送り出されたシート状繊維材料３４を路面上に密着させる押えローラーである。使用される繊維の量は、目付量で、通常、２５ｇ／ｍ^２ないし１５０ｇ／ｍ^２であるが、好ましくは、５０ｇ／ｍ^２ないし１２０ｇ／ｍ^２である。
【００８６】
このように、結合材と同時又は相前後して繊維材料を散布若しくは敷き均すことによって、結合材と繊維材料とは互いに混じり合い、含浸し合って、骨材同士及び骨材と路面とを強固に結合し、耐久性や安定性に優れるばかりでなく、ひび割れ追従性や防水性に優れた表面処理層を構築することとなる。なお、繊維材料の散布若しくは敷き均しは構築される各層のいずれにおいて行っても良いが、最下層を構築する際に、加熱型結合材と同時ないしは相前後して散布若しくは敷き均すのが望ましい。
【００８７】
また、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法の好ましい一例においては、常温型結合材としてアスファルト乳剤を使用する場合には、アスファルト乳剤と同時期に又は相前後して分解補助剤が路面上に散布される。アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを相前後して路面上に散布する場合、アスファルト乳剤をまず路面上又は表面処理層上に散布した後に、その散布面上に分解補助剤を散布するようにしてもよいし、また逆に、分解補助剤をまず路面上又は表面処理層上に散布した後に、その散布面上にアスファルト乳剤を散布しても良い。また、更には、アスファルト乳剤、分解補助剤とを、この順に散布した後に、再度、アスファルト乳剤を散布するようにしても良いし、分解補助剤とアスファルト乳剤とをこの順に散布した後に、再度、分解補助剤を散布するようにしても良い。
【００８８】
いずれにせよ、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが相前後して路面上又は表面処理層上に散布される結果、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とは路面上又は表面処理層上で出会い、互いに接触して、分解補助剤によるアスファルト乳剤の分解促進作用が開始され、アスファルト乳剤は、アスファルト乳剤単独のときよりも短時間で分解、硬化する。このように本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法の好ましい一例においては、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを相前後して路面上に散布する工程を含んでいるので、従来の散布式表面処理工法に比べて、より短い養生時間で強固で耐久性に富み且つ安定性に優れた散布式表面処理層を構築することができるものである。
【００８９】
しかしながら、後述するように、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法においては、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを同時期に路面上又は表面処理層上に散布し、両者を路面上又は表面処理層上で衝突、接触させることによって、より好ましくは、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを同時期に散布し、両者を空中で衝突、接触させることによって、更に短い養生時間で強固で耐久性に富み且つ安定性に優れた散布式表面処理層を構築することができるものである。
【００９０】
この理由は、次のように考えられる。即ち、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを相前後して散布する例として、例えば、図６に示すように、アスファルト乳剤３７をまず路面１上に散布した後に、その散布面上に分解補助剤３８を散布する場合を考えると、散布直後には、路面１上にアスファルト乳剤３７の層と分解補助剤３８の層とが形成される。アスファルト乳剤３７と分解補助剤３８とは、両者の層の界面で互いに接触し、混合し合って、分解補助剤３８によるアスファルト乳剤３７の分解促進作用が開始される。その結果、アスファルト乳剤３７の層と分解補助剤３８の層との境界には、アスファルト乳剤３７が分解、硬化しつつある層３９が形成されるが、この層３９が形成されることによって、今度は逆に、未分解のアスファルト乳剤３７と分解補助剤３８とのそれ以上の接触、混合が妨げられ、更には、アスファルト乳剤３７の層からの水分の散逸が妨げられる結果となる。このため、アスファルト乳剤３７と分解補助剤３８とを短時間に十分に混合させることが困難となるものと考えられる。このことは、アスファルト乳剤３７と分解補助剤３８との散布順序を逆にした場合も同様であって、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを相前後して路面上に散布する場合には、分解補助剤が存在することによって或る程度の養生時間の短縮化が実現できるが、分解補助剤を使用することの利点が必ずしも十分に生かされているとは言えないものである。
【００９１】
これに対し、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを、同時期に散布して、両者を路面上又は表面処理層上で、より好ましくは、両者を空中で衝突、接触させるようにすると、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤との混合はより均一で完全なものとなり、分解補助剤を使用することの利点を十分に生かすことが可能となる。しかしながら、この場合でも、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを同時期に散布して、両者を路面上又は表面処理層上で衝突、接触させるよりは、両者を空中で衝突、接触させるようにするのが好ましい。この理由は次のように考えられる。即ち、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを同時期に散布して、両者を路面上又は表面処理層上で衝突、接触させる場合でも、或る程度の均一な混合状態が実現できるが、アスファルト乳剤及び分解補助剤は路面又は表面処理層に到達した途端に運動量を失い静止してしまうので、両者の均一な混合状態が実現できるといっても、それには自ずと限界がある。ところが、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを空中で衝突、接触させると、衝突、接触した後にも両者は未だ運動状態にあり、路面又は表面処理層に到達するまでの間に、更に他のアスファルト乳剤粒子、分解補助剤粒子、或いは、アスファルト乳剤粒子と分解補助剤粒子との結合体粒子などと衝突、接触を繰り返し、極めて均一な混合状態が実現されると考えられる。
【００９２】
以下、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを空中で衝突、接触させ、両者を衝撃的に混合・攪拌する場合について、図面を用いて更に詳細に説明する。
【００９３】
図７は、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法に使用する結合材の散布装置のみを取り出して示した図であって、１は路面であり、１１は結合材散布用のスプレーバー、７−１、７−２、７−３、・・・は、スプレーバー１１に取り付けられた結合材散布用のスプレーノズルである。また、３７−１、３７−２、３７−３、・・・は、各々のスプレーノズルから噴射された常温型結合材としてのアスファルト乳剤である。スプレーノズル７−１、７−２、７−３、・・・としては、どのような形式のスプレーノズルを使用しても良く、例えば、円形全面形の噴射パターンを有するスプレーノズルや、四角形全面形の噴射パターン、円環形の噴射パターン、その他の噴射パターンを有するものであっても良いが、均一な散布を実現する観点からは、図７に示すようなフラット形の噴射パターンを有するスプレーノズルを使用するのが望ましい。フラット形の噴射パターンとは、スプレーノズルからある噴射角度αをもって扇形に噴射される、噴射方向に垂直な断面が細長いほぼ線状の噴射パターンであって、本明細書においてフラット形の噴射パターンのフラット面とは扇形の噴射パターンの扇の面を指すものとする。
【００９４】
図８は、図７を上から見た平面図であって、図８に示すように、フラット形のスプレーノズル７−１、７−２、７−３、・・・は、通常、その噴射された結合材としてのアスファルト乳剤３７−１、３７−２、３７−３、・・・の噴射パターンのフラット面がスプレーノズル列の列方向とある角度βを持つように配置される。角度βに特に制限はなく、０〜９０度の範囲であれば何度でも良いが、各スプレーノズルからの噴射パターンを重複させて不均一性を打ち消すという観点からは、通常、５〜４５度、好ましくは、１０〜４０度、更に好ましくは１５〜３５度の範囲である。スプレーノズルの取付角度βは、１本のスプレーバーにおいては同一であるのが好ましい。
【００９５】
図７、図８に示すように、各スプレーノズル７−１、７−２、７−３、・・・からの噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−１、３７−２、３７−３、・・・は、スプレーバー１１の長手方向と直交する水平方向から見た場合、互いにその一部が重複している。例えば、図７、図８の場合には、各噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−１、３７−２、３７−３、・・・は、路面１上で互いに２／３ずつ重複している。このようなスプレーバー１１とスプレーノズル７−１、７−２、７−３、・・・からなる結合材の散布装置は、通常、作業車に搭載され、作業車の進行と共に路面１に対してスプレーバー１１の長手方向と直交する水平方向に移動するので、路面１上のある箇所、例えばＡ点から見ると、スプレーノズル７−４、７−３、７−２から噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−４、３７−３、３７−２の下を順次通過することになる。従ってＡ点は、都合３回、即ち、三重の散布を受けることになる。重複散布の重複数は三重に限らず、二重であっても四重以上であってもよいが、散布される結合材の均一性を求めるのであれば、三重ないしは四重以上、少なくとも二重に散布するのが好ましい。この散布の重複数が、スプレーノズルの路面からの高さ、スプレーノズルからの噴射角度α、各スプレーノズル間の間隔などを調整することによって適宜調整可能であることは言うまでもない。
【００９６】
さて、以上のような結合材の散布装置に対して、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法に使用する装置の一例においては、分解補助剤の散布装置を併設する。図９は、結合材の散布装置と分解補助剤の散布装置との併設状態を示す側面図であって、分解補助剤用のスプレーバー４０に取り付けられた分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１は、先端が曲げられていて、噴射された分解補助剤４２がスプレーノズル７から噴射された結合材としてのアスファルト乳剤３７と空中で衝突するように配置されている。
【００９７】
図１０は、図９の装置を上から見た図であって、図１０に示すように、結合材としてのアスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル１個に対して、分解補助剤のスプレーノズル１個が対応しており、例えば、アスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−１から噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−１には、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１から噴射された分解補助剤４２−１が空中で衝突し、アスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−２から噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−２には、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−２から噴射された分解補助剤４２−２が空中で衝突するようになっている。噴射されたアスファルト乳剤又は分解補助剤が互いに空中で衝突するアスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−１、７−２、・・・と分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１、４１−２、・・・との間の対応関係は極めて厳密であって、両者は１対１に対応し、例えば、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−２から噴射された分解補助剤４２−２は、対応するアスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−２から噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−２とのみ空中で衝突し、アスファルト乳剤用の他のスプレーノズルから噴射されたアスファルト乳剤と衝突することはない。
【００９８】
噴射されたアスファルト乳剤又は分解補助剤が互いに空中で衝突するアスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−１、７−２、・・・と分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１、４１−２、・・・との間のこのような１対１の対応関係は次のようにして実現される。例えば、図１０において、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１から噴射される分解補助剤４２−１を例にとると、噴射された分解補助剤４２−１と対応するアスファルト乳剤３７−１との間には、対応しないアスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−２から噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−２が存在するが、噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−２は、例えば図７に示すように、裾広がりの扇形をしているので、噴射された分解補助剤４２−１が、手前にあるアスファルト乳剤３７−２の傾斜する裾広がりの肩部分よりも上を通過してアスファルト乳剤３７−１に衝突するようにすれば良い。即ち、図７において、スプレーバー１１の長手方向と直交する水平方向から見て、噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−１の右肩と、噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−２の左肩との交点ｘから水平に引いた線分を線分Ｘとして示したが、図１０における分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１から噴射された分解補助剤４２−１が、アスファルト乳剤３７−２の上を、図７における線分Ｘよりも高い位置で通過するようにすれば、アスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズルと分解補助剤用のスプレーノズルとを１対１に対応させることができる。噴射されたアスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とがこのような位置関係になるように、アスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−１、７−２、７−３、・・・と分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１、４１−２、４１−３・・・とを配置することによって、例えば、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−３から噴射された分解補助剤４２−３は、アスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−３から噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−３とだけ衝突し、隣接する他のアスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−２又は７−４から噴射されたアスファルト乳剤３７−２又は３７−４と衝突することがないようになる。
【００９９】
なお、分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１からの分解補助剤４２−１の噴射方向は、通常斜め下向きであるので、分解補助剤４２−１が手前にあるアスファルト乳剤３７−２の上を通過する位置を線分Ｘよりも若干高い位置とした場合でも、アスファルト乳剤３７−１上でのアスファルト乳剤３７−１と分解補助剤４２−１との衝突位置は、図７に線分Ｙで示すように、線分Ｘよりもやや低い位置まで下げることが可能である。しかしながら、狭い範囲に多数のスプレーノズルが共存することになるので、装置設計上の観点からは、アスファルト乳剤３７−１上でのアスファルト乳剤３７−１と分解補助剤４２−１との衝突位置は、線分Ｘよりもやや上になるようにするのが好ましい。
【０１００】
アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤との衝突位置Ｙは、余りに低いと、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが衝突してから路面上に落下して運動量を失うまでの時間が短すぎて、均一な混合が実現できなくなり、また、余りに高いと、噴射されたアスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが両者とも未だ濃く固まった状態で衝突することになるので好ましくない。従って、衝突位置Ｙの高さは、路面１からアスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−１までの高さをＨとして、１／４Ｈ〜３／４Ｈの範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは、２／４Ｈ〜３／４Ｈの範囲である。
【０１０１】
以上のようにして、アスファルト乳剤用のスプレーノズル７−１、７−２、７−３・・・と分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル４１−１、４１−２、４１−３・・・とを１対１に対応させることによって、衝突するアスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤の量的割合や、衝突速度、衝突位置などの衝突条件をコントロールすることが容易となり、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを最適の割合で、かつ、最適の衝突条件で衝突させることが可能になる。その結果、両者の極めて均一な混合が実現され、より短い養生時間が実現できることは言うまでもない。
【０１０２】
また、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法に使用する装置の一例においては、図１０に示すように、分解補助剤４２−１、４２−２、４２−３、・・・は、それぞれ対応するアスファルト乳剤３７−１、３７−２、３７−３、・・・に向かって、各々の衝突位置Ｙ１、Ｙ２、Ｙ３、・・・上での噴射密度が均一になるように噴射される。即ち、分解補助剤４２−１、４２−２、４２−３、・・・は、図１０の平面図において、その扇形の噴射パターンが、アスファルト乳剤３７−１、３７−２、３７−３、・・・の扇形の噴射パターンのフラット面に対する垂直面Ｚ１、Ｚ２、Ｚ３、・・・に関して左右対称となるような角度で、アスファルト乳剤３７−１、３７−２、３７−３、・・・に向かって噴射される。これにより、各々の衝突位置Ｙ１、Ｙ２、Ｙ３、・・・上での分解補助剤４２−１、４２−２、４２−３、・・・の噴射密度は、衝突位置Ｙ１、Ｙ２、Ｙ３、・・・の幅方向の全体に亘って均一となり、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とのより均一な混合が実現される。
【０１０３】
なお、以上の例においては、路面に対してほぼ垂直に噴射されるアスファルト乳剤に分解補助剤を斜めに衝突させるようにしたが、逆に、分解補助剤を路面に対して垂直に噴射して、その分解補助剤に対してアスファルト乳剤を斜めに衝突させるようにしても良く、更には、アスファルト乳剤及び分解補助剤共に斜めに噴射して衝突させるようにしても良い。しかしながら、アスファルト乳剤の方が量的に多く、主材であるということを考えると、以上に述べた例のように路面に対してほぼ垂直に噴射されるアスファルト乳剤に分解補助剤を斜めに衝突させるのが好ましい。
【０１０４】
各々のスプレーノズルからの噴射圧力は、アスファルト乳剤及び分解補助剤共に、０．６〜５．０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２の範囲が好ましく、望ましくは１．０〜２．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２の範囲である。噴射圧力が０．６ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２未満の場合には、噴射パターンが良好な扇形となり難く、また、噴射圧力が５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ^２を超えると、被噴射物が霧状になってしまい、良好な散布膜が路面上に形成され難くなる。また、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤の噴射圧力は同じであっても良いが、分解補助剤の噴射圧力の方をアスファルト乳剤の噴射圧力よりも若干高目に設定するのが望ましい。
【０１０５】
以下、実験例を用いて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
【０１０６】
〈実験１〉骨材の粒度が路面との結合力に及ぼす影響
使用する骨材の粒度が、構築される散布式表面処理層の耐久性に及ぼす影響を調べるため、以下に述べる付着性試験をビアリット（Ｖｉａｌｉｔ）付着試験方法に準じて行った。
【０１０７】
即ち、表２に示すような種々の最小粒径と最大粒径を持つ骨材試料を用意した。例えば、表２においてＮｏ．１で示される骨材試料は、呼び寸法で５ｍｍのふるいと６ｍｍのふるいとの間に、ほぼ１００重量％の骨材粒が分布する骨材試料である。このような種々の骨材試料を各９０粒ずつ用意し、ビアリット付着試験方法に規定する条件で乾燥、静置した。
【０１０８】
一方、厚さ２ｍｍ、大きさ２００×２００ｍｍの金属板を骨材試料数だけ用意し、これに結合材として改質アスファルト（商品名「ガムファルトＳ−ＳＰ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）を、最小粒径が１０ｍｍ未満の骨材試料に対しては、１．１５ｋｇ／ｃｍ^２となるように、また、最小粒径が１０ｍｍ以上の骨材試料に対しては、１．５０ｋｇ／ｃｍ^２となるよう塗布し、これに各種骨材試料をまぶした後、線圧７ｋｇｆ／ｃｍの負荷をかけて、相反する方向にそれぞれ１５回ずつ、合計３０回転圧した。これを所定時間静置した後、骨材の付着面を下にして水平に保持した状態で、その上から、直径５０ｍｍ、重さ５００ｇの鉄球を１０秒以内に３回、金属板中央に落下させた。鉄球の落下によって金属板からはがれ落ちた骨材粒の内、結合材が付着していない骨材粒の数を数えてａとした。また、金属板に残った骨材を手で剥がし、結合材が付着していない骨材粒の数を数えてｄとした。付着率（％）は、付着率（％）＝｛（９０−ａ−ｄ）／９０｝×１００として計算した。各々の試料について３回試験を行い、結果はその平均とし、付着率８０％以上のものを満足できるものと評価した。結果を表２に示す。
【０１０９】
【表２】

【０１１０】
表２から明らかなように、最小粒径が１０ｍｍ未満の骨材試料の場合には、最小粒径と最大粒径との差が、ふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で２ｍｍ以上、５ｍｍ未満のものが、また、最小粒径が１０ｍｍ以上の骨材試料の場合には、最小粒径と最大粒径との差が、ふるいの目開きの呼び寸法で３ｍｍ超、６ｍｍ以下のものが、付着率８０％以上となり、本発明の散布式表面処理工法に使用した場合に優れた結合性を示すことが分かった。なお、このような結果が得られた理由については定かではないが、最小粒径と最大粒径との差が余りに少ないと、骨材同士の咬み合わせによる結合力の増加がそれほど見込めず、また、逆に最小粒径と最大粒径との差が余りに大きいと、粒径の差に応じて不均等な力が作用するからではないかと推測される。
【０１１１】
〈実験２〉結合材の粘度が表面処理層の均一性に及ぼす影響−単層の場合
結合材の粘度が表面処理層の均一性に及ぼす影響を調べるため、６０℃における絶対粘度が種々の値を示す結合材を用意し、轍掘れの出来た路面から舗装打ち替えのために切り出した表面に凹凸のある実験用舗装体上に、第１の表面処理層の結合材として、１．２（リットル／ｍ^２）の割合で散布した。なお、凹部と凸部の差は、平均で約２０ｍｍであった。次いで、直ちに、実験１で用いたＮｏ．３の骨材試料を９（リットル／ｍ^２）の割合で上から散布し、軽く転圧した後、結合材が硬化するまで養生した。養生後、実験用舗装体をカッターで切断し、凹部の底部及び凸部の頂部における結合材の厚さを測定した。結果を、使用した結合材の種類と共に表３に示す。
【０１１２】
【表３】

【０１１３】
表３の結果から明らかなように、６０℃における絶対粘度が約８０００ポアズ及び約１３０００ポアズの結合材は、散布後、重力の作用によって路面の凹部に流れ込み滞留する傾向があり、路面の凸部頂部では結合材の厚さは約１ｍｍないしは１．５ｍｍと薄く、逆に、路面の凹部底部では、約４ｍｍないしは約３．５ｍｍと厚い結合材層が形成された。凸部における骨材粒は、スパチュラの先で剥がすことを試みると、比較的簡単に剥がすことができた。また、凹部にあっては、結合材の量が多過ぎて、このままでは実際に車両の通行に供用された場合にはフラッシュ現象を起こす危険性がある。
【０１１４】
一方、６０℃における絶対粘度が約１５０００ポアズ以上となると、結合材の流動は抑えられ、路面凹部底部及び凸部頂部における結合材層の厚さにはさほど違いが見られない。凸部、凹部における骨材粒をスパチュラ先端で剥がすことを試みたが、容易には剥がすことができないほど強固に結合していた。以上のことから、結合材として、結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度が約１５０００ポアズ以上のものを使用すれば、路面に凹凸があっても結合材が路面上で流動することなく、均一な表面処理層が構築できることが分かった。
【０１１５】
〈実験３〉結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物の粘度が表面処理層の均一性に及ぼす影響−複層の場合
実験２において第１層目の表面処理層が構築された表３におけるＮｏ．２及びＮｏ．４の実験用舗装体上に、更に、粒径２．５−５ｍｍの７号砕石と、蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度が異なる複数の結合材を用い、散布量を、結合材１．０（リットル／ｍ^２）、骨材５．０（リットル／ｍ^２）とした以外は上に述べた実験２の場合と同様な構築方法で、第２層目の表面処理層を構築した。養生後、実験２と同様に、実験用舗装体をカッターで切断し、凹部の底部及び凸部の頂部における結合材の合計厚さを測定した。結果を、使用した結合材の種類と共に表４に示す。
【０１１６】
【表４】

【０１１７】
表４の結果から明らかなように、第１層目の表面処理層及び第２層目の表面処理層共に結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度が約１３０００ポアズの結合材を使用した試料Ｎｏ．６においては、結合材の厚さの不均一は複層化することによって増幅されており、凸部における骨材粒は、スパチュラの先で剥がすことを試みると、比較的簡単に剥がすことができた。また、凹部にあっては、結合材の量が多過ぎて、このままでは実際に車両の通行に供用された場合にはフラッシュ現象を起こす危険性がある。また、第２層目の表面処理層にのみ、蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度が約１３０００ポアズの結合材を使用した試料Ｎｏ．７においても、散布後、結合材は重力の作用によって散布面の凹部に流れ込み滞留する傾向があり、凸部と凹部とにおいて無視できない結合材の厚さの不均一が見られた。一方、第１層目の表面処理層にのみ６０℃における絶対粘度が約１３０００ポアズの結合材を使用した試料Ｎｏ．８及びＮｏ．１０では、やや良好な結果が得られたが、これは第１層目の表面処理層を構築する際に散布された粘度の低い結合材によって路面の凹凸がある程度均されてしまったためと推測される。
【０１１８】
また、第１層目の表面処理層及び第２層目の表面処理層共に結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度が約１５０００ポアズ以上の結合材を使用した試料Ｎｏ．９及びＮｏ．１１においては、均一な結合材の分布が見られ、最も好ましい結果が得られた。凸部、凹部における骨材粒をスパチュラ先端で剥がすことを試みたが、容易には剥がすことができないほど強固に結合していた。以上のことから、最下層以外の層においても、結合材として、結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度が約１５０００ポアズ以上のものを使用すれば、施工面に凹凸があっても結合材が施工面上で流動することなく、均一な表面処理層が構築できることが分かった。
【０１１９】
〈実験４〉結合材の種類が強度発現までの時間に及ぼす影響
実験１で使用したのと同じ結合材（加熱型結合材）を用い、骨材として表２におけるＮｏ．３の骨材を使用して、転圧回数を相反する方向にそれぞれ５回ずつとした以外は実験１と同様にして、複数の金属板上に第１の層を構築した。続いて、結合材として表４における試料番号７で使用した結合材（常温型結合材）を用い、骨材として粒径２．５−５ｍｍの７号砕石を用いて、結合材の散布量を１．０（ｌ／ｍ^３）とし、使用した骨材粒の数を１００粒とし、転圧回数を相反する方向にそれぞれ１０回ずつとした以外は第１の層と同様にして、第１の層上にそれぞれ第２の層を構築した。続いて、第１の層と第２の層とで使用する結合材の種類を逆にした以外は全く同様にして複数の金属板上に第１の層及び第２の層を構築した。更に、第１の層と第２の層とで使用する結合材の種類を共に加熱型結合材又は常温型結合材とした以外は全く同様にして複数の金属板上に第１の層及び第２の層を構築した。
【０１２０】
各層の構築に際しては厳密に時間管理を行い、第１の層の構築は３分、第２の層の構築は５分で行い、合計８分で構築作業を終了した。構築作業終了後、種々の養生時間後に、金属板を骨材の付着面を下にして水平に保持した状態で、その上から、直径５０ｍｍ、重さ５００ｇの鉄球を１０秒以内に３回、金属板中央に落下させた。鉄球の落下によって金属板からはがれ落ちた骨材粒の数を数えてｃとした。付着率（％）は、付着率（％）＝｛（９０＋１００−ｃ）／（９０＋１００）｝×１００として計算した。各々の試料について３回試験を行い、結果はその平均とした。結果を表５に示す。
【０１２１】
【表５】

【０１２２】
表５の結果から明らかなように、最下層である第１の層に加熱型の結合材を用い、最上層である第２の層に常温型の結合材を用いた場合には、養生時間１時間で約９６％の付着率が得られているのに対し、それとは逆に、最下層である第１の層に常温型の結合材を用い、最上層である第２の層に加熱型の結合材を使用した場合には、養生時間１時間では約８２％の付着率しか得られず、養生時間２時間で始めて約９３％の付着率が得られており、交通開放までに長い養生時間が必要なことを示している。同様の結果は、最下層及び最上層共に加熱型の結合材を使用した場合と、最下層及び最上層共に常温型の結合材を使用した場合にも見られ、いずれにしても、最下層に加熱型の結合材を使用し、最上層に常温型の結合材を使用した場合に、一番短い養生時間でほぼ満足できる。即ち、この結合材の組み合わせが養生時間を短くし、より短時間で交通開放する上で極めて有効であることが判明した。
【０１２３】
〈実験５〉結合材の特性が路面との結合力に及ぼす影響
結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物の特性が、構築される散布式表面処理層の耐久性に及ぼす影響を調べるため、結合材中の蒸発残留物が表６に示すような種々の特性を有する１０種類のアニオン系アスファルト乳剤を調製し、以下に述べる付着性試験をビアリット（Ｖｉａｌｉｔ）付着試験方法に準じて行った。骨材としては、実験１で用いたＮｏ．３の骨材試料を用意し、これをビアリット付着試験方法に規定する条件で乾燥、静置した。一方、分解補助剤としては、アルキルジアミン酢酸塩（商品名「カチオンＤＴＡ」、日本油脂株式会社製）の１０ｗ／ｗ％水溶液を用意し、重量比で、（分解補助剤水溶液中の有効成分量）／（アスファルト乳剤中の蒸発残留分）＝０．３／１００とした。
【０１２４】
一方、厚さ２ｍｍ、大きさ２００×２００ｍｍの金属板を試料数だけ用意し、これに、結合材として別途調製した上記１０種類のアニオン系アスファルト乳剤の各々と上記分解補助剤とをフラット形のスプレーノズルを用いて空中で衝突させながら１．１（リットル／ｍ^２）の割合で散布した。なお、結合材の散布高さＨは５０ｃｍ、結合材と分解補助剤の衝突位置は、散布面から３０ｃｍ、即ち、（３／５）Ｈとした。次いで、この結合材と分解補助剤の散布面上に骨材を散布し、実験１と同様の手順で付着率を求めた。付着率（％）は、付着率（％）＝｛（９０−ａ−ｄ）／９０｝×１００として計算した。付着率８０％以上のものを満足できるもの、付着率８５％以上のものをより満足できるもの、付着率９０％以上のものを更に満足できるものと評価した。更に、分解補助剤を散布しない点を除いては同じ手順で、１０種類のアニオン系アスファルト乳剤上に骨材を散布した試料を作成し、同様に試験して付着率を求めた。結果を併せて表６に示す。
【０１２５】
【表６】

【０１２６】
表６から明らかなように、結合材としてのアスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを空中で衝突させた場合には、結合材としてのアニオン系アスファルト乳剤中の蒸発残留物の物性が、針入度が５０（１／１０ｍｍ）以上、１５０（１／１０ｍｍ）以下、軟化点が５０℃以上、１２０℃以下、２５℃におけるタフネスが７０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ以上、３２０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ以下、２５℃におけるテナシティが３０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ以上、３００ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ以下で、付着率８０％以上の満足できる結果が得られた。また、針入度が７０〜１２５（１／１０ｍｍ）、軟化点が５５〜１００℃、タフネスが９０〜２５０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ、テナシティが５０〜２２０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍの範囲で、付着率８５％以上の満足できる結果が得られ、更には、針入度が９０〜１２０（１／１０ｍｍ）、軟化点が６０〜８０℃、タフネスが１００〜２００ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ、テナシティが７０〜１８０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍのアスファルト乳剤Ｄ及びＥにおいて、付着率９０％以上の結果が得られた。しかしながら、軟化点が１２０℃の乳剤Ｉとなると、アスファルト乳剤が分解して得られるアスファルト分が幾分軟らか目となり、腰が幾分減少し、付着率においても若干低下する傾向が見られた。更に軟化点が高くなって、軟化点が１５０℃、針入度が４０（１／１０ｍｍ）、タフネスが３６０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ、テナシティが３５０ｋｇｆ・ｃｍのアスファルト乳剤Ｊは、アスファルト乳剤が分解して得られるアスファルト分が軟らかくなり、腰も弱くなって、付着率は更に減少した。一方、分解補助剤を使用しない場合においてもほぼ同様の結果が得られたが、付着率は全体的に分解補助剤を使用する場合に比べて低い値が得られた。
【０１２７】
〈実験６〉常温型結合材であるアスファルト乳剤の粘度が表面処理層の均一性に及ぼす影響
常温型結合材であるアスファルト乳剤の粘度が表面処理層の均一性に及ぼす影響を調べるため、実験２において第１の表面処理層が構築された表３におけるＮｏ．２の実験用舗装体上に、更に、粒径２．５−５ｍｍの７号砕石と、２０℃における粘度が種々の値を示すアニオン系アスファルト乳剤を用い、散布量を、アスファルト乳剤１．０（リットル／ｍ^２）、骨材５．０（リットル／ｍ^２）とした以外は実験２の場合と同様な構築方法で、第２の表面処理層を構築した。養生後、実験２と同様に、実験用舗装体をカッターで切断し、凹部の底部及び凸部の頂部におけるアスファルト乳剤が分解して形成された結合材層の厚さを測定した。結果を、使用した結合材の種類と共に表７に示す。
【０１２８】
【表７】

【０１２９】
表７の結果から明らかなように、２０℃における粘度が１９センチポアズ及び３２センチポアズのアスファルト乳剤は、散布後、重力の作用によって既に構築されている表面処理層の凹部に流れ込み滞留する傾向があり、表面処理層の凸部の頂部ではアスファルト乳剤の分解によって形成された結合材層の厚さは平均して約０．７ｍｍないしは０．８ｍｍと薄く、逆に、表面処理層の凹部の底部では、平均して１．３ｍｍないしは１．１ｍｍと厚い結合材層が形成された。凸部における骨材粒は、スパチュラの先で剥がすことを試みると、比較的簡単に剥がすことができた。また、凹部にあっては、結合材の量が多過ぎて、このままでは実際に車両の通行に供用された場合にはフラッシュ現象を起こす危険性がある。
【０１３０】
一方、２０℃における粘度が約４０センチポアズ以上となると、アスファルト乳剤の流動は抑えられ、表面処理層凹部の底部及び凸部の頂部におけるアスファルト乳剤の分解によって形成された結合材層の厚さにはさほど違いが見られない。凸部、凹部における骨材粒をスパチュラ先端で剥がすことを試みたが、容易には剥がすことができないほど強固に結合していた。以上のことから、アスファルト乳剤として２０℃における粘度が約４０センチポアズ以上のものを使用すれば、路面ないしは表面処理層に凹凸があっても結合材が路面上又は表面処理層上で流動することなく、均一な表面処理層が構築できることが分かった。
【０１３１】
〈実験７〉結合材の種類及び分解補助剤の使用量が造膜時間に及ぼす影響
結合材としてアニオン系アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＡ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）、分解補助剤としては実験５で使用したものを同じものを使用し、アニオン系アスファルト乳剤の蒸発残留分１００重量部に対する分解補助剤水溶液中の有効成分量を種々の割合に変化させながら、両者を実験５におけると同じく空中で衝突させて、３０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ×５ｃｍのアスファルトコンクリート板上に散布した。散布後、種々の養生時間において、散布面が褐色から黒色に変化してアニオン系アスファルト乳剤の分解膜が形成されているか否かを観察した。また、結合材として、タックコート用の汎用アスファルト乳剤ｐｋ−４（ニチレキ株式会社製）を使用し、分解補助剤を使用しない以外は、同様にして、散布面上での分解膜の造膜の有無を観察して対照とした。なお、試験温度は２０℃であった。
【０１３２】
使用した結合材の物性は、それぞれ以下のとおりである。
アニオン系アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＡ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
蒸発残留分：６７．５（％）
蒸発残留物の針入度：８７（１／１０ｍｍ）
蒸発残留物の軟化点：７４（℃）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるタフネス：１７５（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるテナシティ：１６０（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度：１８０００（ポアズ）
２０℃における粘度：６２（センチポアズ）
タックコート用の汎用アスファルト乳剤ｐｋ−４（ニチレキ株式会社製）
蒸発残留分：５１（％）
蒸発残留物の針入度：６２（１／１０ｍｍ）
蒸発残留物の軟化点：４６（℃）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるタフネス：３５（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるテナシティ：５（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度：２０００（ポアズ）
【０１３３】
結果を表８に示す。なお、表８中、○印は造膜が観察されたものを、×印は造膜が観察されなかったものを示す。
【０１３４】
【表８】

【０１３５】
表８の結果から明かなように、分解補助剤を、水溶液中の有効成分量で、アニオン系アスファルト乳剤の蒸発残留分１００重量部に対して０．０５重量部以上使用する場合には、造膜までの時間が著しく短縮され、アスファルト乳剤の分解、硬化が顕著に促進されていることが分かる。また、その蒸発残留物が本発明で規定するａ）〜ｄ）の特性を満たすアニオン系アスファルト乳剤は、対照としての従来のタックコート用アスファルト乳剤に比べて、分解補助剤を使用しない場合においてすら、分解、硬化時間が短かった。
【０１３６】
〈実験８〉分解補助剤の種類の造膜時間及び付着性に及ぼす影響
結合材として、実験７で使用したのと同じアニオン系アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＡ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）を使用し、分解補助剤の種類を種々変えて、実験７と同様にして両者を空中で衝突させながら、３０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ×５ｃｍのアスファルトコンクリート板上に散布した。散布後、実験７と同様に、種々の養生時間において、散布面が褐色から黒色に変化してアスファルト乳剤の分解膜が形成されているか否かを観察した。ただし、使用したアスファルト乳剤の蒸発残留分１００重量部に対する分解補助剤水溶液中の有効成分量は、０．３重量部に固定して実験を行った。なお、分解補助剤を使用せず、アスファルト乳剤だけを使用して同様の試験を行い対照とした。
【０１３７】
併行して、結合材としてのアスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを上記と同じ組み合わせとし、養生時間を種々に変えた以外は実験５と同様にして、分解補助剤の違いが付着率に及ぼす影響を調べた。ただし、使用したアスファルト乳剤の蒸発残留分１００重量部に対する分解補助剤水溶液中の有効成分量は、０．３重量部に固定して実験を行った。また、分解補助剤を使用せず、アスファルト乳剤だけを使用して同様の試験を行い対照とした。造膜の有無の観察結果及び付着率の判定結果を併せて表９に示す。
【０１３８】
【表９】

【０１３９】
表９の結果から明らかなように、試験した種々の分解補助剤の中では、アルキルモノアミン酢酸塩、アルキルジアミン酢酸塩などのアルキルアミン系界面活性剤の酢酸塩や、アルキル四級アンモニウム塩が、造膜時間及び付着性のいずれにおいても優れており、中でも、アルキルジアミン酢酸塩が最も優れていた。
【０１４０】
なお、同様の試験をカチオン系アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＫ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）を用いて行ったところ、試験した種々の分解補助剤の中では、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸アンモニウムなどのアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、又は、アルキルメチルタウリン酸ナトリウム、ジ・オクチル・スルホ・コハク酸ソーダが、造膜時間及び付着性のいずれにおいても優れており、中でも、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸アンモニウムなどのアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩が良く、更には、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダが最も優れていたという結果が得られた。使用したカチオン系アスファルト乳剤の物性は以下のとおりである。
カチオン系アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＫ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
蒸発残留分：６８（％）
蒸発残留物の針入度：９８（１／１０ｍｍ）
蒸発残留物の軟化点：６７（℃）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるタフネス：１８０（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるテナシティ：１６０（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度：１８５００（ポアズ）
２０℃における粘度：４１（センチポアズ）
【０１４１】
〈実験９〉結合材と分解補助剤の散布形態の造膜時間及び付着率に及ぼす影響結合材として、実験７で使用したのと同じアニオン系アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＡ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）を使用し、分解補助剤としては、実験５で使用したのと同じアルキルジアミン酢酸塩（商品名「カチオンＤＴＡ」、日本油脂株式会社製）の１０ｗ／ｗ％水溶液を用い、散布形態を、種々変化させた以外は、実験８と同様にして、種々の養生時間における造膜の有無及び付着率を調べた。ただし、アニオン系アスファルト乳剤の蒸発残留分１００重量部に対する分解補助剤水溶液中の有効成分量は、０．３重量部に固定して実験を行った。
【０１４２】
散布形態は以下のように変化させた。なお、結合材の散布高さＨは実験５と同じく散布面から５０ｃｍとした。
（１）アスファルト乳剤を散布後、その散布面上に分解補助剤を散布
（２）分解補助剤を散布後、その散布面上にアスファルト乳剤を散布
（３）アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが散布面上で衝突するように両者を同時に散布（衝突高さＨ_Ｙ＝０）
（４）アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが散布面上の空中で衝突するように両者を同時に散布（衝突高さＨ_Ｙ＝（１／５）Ｈ）
（５）アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが散布面上の空中で衝突するように両者を同時に散布（衝突高さＨ_Ｙ＝（２／５）Ｈ）
（６）アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが散布面上の空中で衝突するように両者を同時に散布（衝突高さＨ_Ｙ＝（３／５）Ｈ）
（７）アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とが散布面上の空中で衝突するように両者を同時に散布（衝突高さＨ_Ｙ＝（４／５）Ｈ）
【０１４３】
結果を表１０に示す。
【０１４４】
【表１０】

【０１４５】
表１０の結果から明らかなように、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを相前後して散布する（１）及び（２）の散布形態に比べて、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを同時期に散布する（３）〜（７）の散布形態の方が、造膜時間及び付着率のいずれにおいても優れていたが、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを散布面上で衝突させる（３）の散布形態よりも、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを空中で衝突させる（４）ないし（７）の散布形態の方が良い結果が得られた。また、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを空中で衝突させる（４）ないし（７）の散布形態の中でも、衝突高さＨ_Ｙが、（１／５）Ｈである（４）の場合や（４／５）Ｈである（７）の場合よりも、（２／５）Ｈや（３／５）Ｈである（５）及び（６）の場合の方が特に優れており、空中衝突させる場合においても、衝突高さは（１／４）Ｈ〜（３／４）Ｈの範囲が良いことが分かる。
【０１４６】
また、造膜が観察された養生時間３０分の各試料について、スパチュラの先端で造膜層を一部破壊し、内部状態を調べたところ、（１）の散布形態の試料では、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤との境界面は造膜していたが、アスファルト乳剤の路面側部分は依然として造膜前の状態であった。同様に、（２）の散布形態の試料では、アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤との境界面は造膜していたが、分解補助剤の路面側部分には依然として水分が残っていた。これに対して、（３）〜（７）の散布形態の試料では、均一な造膜が観察された。
【０１４７】
なお、同様の試験をカチオン系アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＫ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）を用いて行ったところ、同様の結果が得られた。
【０１４８】
以下、実施例を用いて、本発明を更に説明するが、本発明がこれら実施例に限られるものでないことは勿論である。
【０１４９】
〈実施例１〉
以下の材料を使用し、図４に示すような作業車において結合材の散布装置の近傍に分解補助剤の散布装置を設けた作業車を用いて試験的に本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法を施工した。作業車の施工速度は約５ｋｍ／ｈであった。路面から結合材のスプレーノズルまでの高さは５０ｃｍとし、第２層目の構築に際しては、その結合材に対して路面から３０ｃｍの位置で分解補助剤が衝突するように分解補助剤用のスプレーノズルの位置及び角度を調整した。第１層目の構築に際しては、結合材の散布後、直ちに骨材を散布し、第２層目の構築に際しては、結合材と分解補助剤の散布後、直ちに骨材を散布した。第１層及び第２層共に、骨材の散布後、振動ローラーで骨材散布面を軽く転圧した。施工路面には最大深さ１５ｍｍ程度の轍掘れがあったが、結合材が流動することなく、均一な表面処理層を構築することができた。第２層目の構築後、直ちに重荷重積載車を試験的に３０回通過させたが、骨材の飛散は見られなかった。
【０１５０】
骨材（第１層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：５−８ｍｍ
０．５重量％のストレートアスファルトによりプレコート
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：０．７（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第１層）
改質アスファルト（商品名「ガムファルトＳ−ＳＰ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
６０℃における絶対粘度：１９５００ポアズ
針入度 ５５（１／１０ｍｍ）
軟化点 ６７（℃）
タフネス １７２（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
テナシティ １５６（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：１００（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１５１】
骨材（第２層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：２．５−５ｍｍ
散布温度：常温（１８℃）
散布量：０．４（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第２層）
特殊アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＡ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度：１８０００ポアズ
蒸発残留分 ６７．５重量％
蒸発残留物の針入度 ８７（１／１０ｍｍ）
蒸発残留物の軟化点 ７４（℃）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるタフネス １７５（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるテナシティ １６０（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
２５℃における粘度 ６２（センチポアズ）
散布温度：加温（７０℃）
散布量：９０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
分解補助剤（第２層）
「カチオンＤＴＡ」（日本油脂株式会社製）
分解補助剤の使用量 アスファルト乳剤の蒸発残留分１００重量部に対して、有効成分量で０．３重量部
【０１５２】
〈実施例２〉
以下の材料を使用し、表面処理層を３層に構築した以外は、実施例１と同様にして、試験的に本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法を施工した。施工路面には、幅１０ｍｍ以下のひび割れが何本か存在していたが、構築された表面処理層によって完全に覆われた。構築された表面処理層は均一で、ドライバーの先端で骨材粒を剥がすことを試みたが困難であった。構築後、直ちに重荷重積載車を試験的に３０回通過させたが、骨材の飛散は見られなかった。
【０１５３】
骨材（第１層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：１０−１６ｍｍ
１．０重量％のストレートアスファルトによりプレコート
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：２．０（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第１層）
改質アスファルト（商品名「ガムファルトＳ−ＳＰ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
６０℃における絶対粘度：１９５００ポアズ
針入度 ５５（１／１０ｍｍ）
軟化点 ６７（℃）
タフネス １７２（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
テナシティ １５６（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：１００（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１５４】
骨材（第２層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：５−８ｍｍ
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：０．９（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第２層）
改質アスファルト（商品名「ガムファルトＳ−ＳＰ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
６０℃における絶対粘度：１９５００ポアズ
針入度 ５５（１／１０ｍｍ）
軟化点 ６７（℃）
タフネス １７２（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
テナシティ １５６（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：１７０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１５５】
骨材（第３層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：２．５−５ｍｍ
散布温度：常温（１８℃）
散布量：０．４（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第３層）
特殊アスファルト乳剤（商品名「サンピーゾールＡ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度：１８０００ポアズ
蒸発残留分 ６７．５重量％
蒸発残留物の針入度 ８７（１／１０ｍｍ）
蒸発残留物の軟化点 ７４（℃）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるタフネス １７５（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるテナシティ １６０（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
２５℃における粘度 ６２（センチポアズ）
散布温度：加温（７０℃）
散布量：９０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
分解補助剤（第３層）
「カチオンＤＴＡ」（日本油脂株式会社製）
分解補助剤の使用量 アスファルト乳剤の蒸発残留分１００重量部に対して、有効成分量で０．３重量部
【０１５６】
〈実施例３〉
図５に示す作業車において結合材の散布装置の近傍に分解補助剤の散布装置を設けた作業車を用いて、最下層の加熱型結合材の散布直後に繊維材料を散布した以外は、実施例１と同様にして、試験的に本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法を施工した。構築後、直ちに、重荷重積載車を試験的に３０回通過させたが、骨材の飛散は見られなかった。構築された表面処理層は均一で、ドライバーの先端で骨材粒を剥がすことを試みたが極めて困難であった。用いた繊維材料は以下のものであった。
【０１５７】
繊維材料
ポリエステル繊維（１００デニール、４８フィラメント 東洋紡績株式会社製）
繊維長：２０ｍｍ
散布量：９０（ｇ／ｍ^２）
【０１５８】
〈比較例１〉
以下の材料を使用し、第２層の構築に際して分解補助剤を使用しない以外は実施例１と同様にして、実施例１に隣接する路面上に表面処理層を構築した。構築後、直ちに、重荷重積載車を試験的に３０回通過させたところ、車両タイヤに骨材の付着が多く見られ、且つ、轍部と路面凹部に結合材の滲み出しが観察された。
【０１５９】
骨材（第１層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：５−１３ｍｍ
０．５重量％のストレートアスファルトによりプレコート
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：１．１（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第１層）
実験用調製改質アスファルトＡ
６０℃における絶対粘度：８０００ポアズ
針入度 ５９（１／１０ｍｍ）
軟化点 ４５（℃）
タフネス ５８（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
テナシティ ２６（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：１１０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１６０】
骨材（第２層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：２．５−５ｍｍ
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：０．４（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第２層）
実験用調製改質アスファルトＡ
６０℃における絶対粘度：８０００ポアズ
針入度 ５９（１／１０ｍｍ）
軟化点 ４５（℃）
タフネス ５８（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
テナシティ ２６（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：９０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１６１】
〈比較例２〉
以下の材料を使用し、分解補助剤を使用しない以外は実施例２と同様にして、実施例２に隣接する路面上に表面処理層を構築した。構築後、直ちに、重荷重積載車を試験的に３０回通過させたところ、車両タイヤに骨材の付着が多く見られ、且つ、轍部に結合材の滲み出しが観察された。
【０１６２】
骨材（第１層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：１３−２０ｍｍ
１．０重量％のストレートアスファルトによりプレコート
散布温度：常温（１８℃）
散布量：２．０（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第１層）
実験用調製改質アスファルト乳剤Ｂ
蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度：１３０００ポアズ
蒸発残留分 ６６重量％
蒸発残留物の針入度 ４７（１／１０ｍｍ）
蒸発残留物の軟化点 ５２（℃）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるタフネス ９５（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるテナシティ ６４（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
２５℃における粘度 ３５（センチポアズ）
散布温度：加温（５０℃）
散布量：１１０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１６３】
骨材（第２層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：５−１３ｍｍ
散布温度：常温（１８℃）
散布量：０．９（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第２層）
実験用調製改質アスファルト乳剤Ｂ
蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度：１３０００ポアズ
蒸発残留分 ６６重量％
蒸発残留物の針入度 ４７（１／１０ｍｍ）
蒸発残留物の軟化点 ５２（℃）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるタフネス ９５（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
蒸発残留物の２５℃におけるテナシティ ６４（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
２５℃における粘度 ３５（センチポアズ）
散布温度：加温（５０℃）
散布量：１８０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１６４】
骨材（第３層）
砕石（栃木県葛生産）
粒径：２．５−５ｍｍ
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：０．４（ｍ^３／１００ｍ^２）
結合材（第３層）
改質アスファルト（商品名「ガムファルトＳ−ＳＰ」、ニチレキ株式会社製）
６０℃における絶対粘度：１９５００ポアズ
針入度 ５５（１／１０ｍｍ）
軟化点 ６７（℃）
タフネス １７２（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
テナシティ １５６（ｋｇｆ・ｃｍ）
散布温度：加熱（１８０℃）
散布量：１１０（ｌ／１００ｍ^２）
【０１６５】
〈実施例４〉
幅５ｍｍ以上のクラックが密集する亀甲状の破損箇所が多数存在する既設舗装体上に、実施例１と同じ作業車及び同じ材料を使用して、実施例１と同様に２層の表面処理層を構築した。構築後、半日の養生期間をおいて、構築した表面処理層の上にタックコートとしてアスファルト乳剤（「カチオゾールＣＰＥ−４」、ニチレキ株式会社製）をエンジンスプレーヤーで０．５（ｌ／ｍ^２）の割合で散布した。次に、タックコートの上に、１５０℃に加熱した密粒度アスファルト混合物を、アスファルトフィニッシャーを用いて、５ｃｍの厚さに舗設した。舗設後、舗設面をマカダムローラーで一次転圧し、タイヤローラーで二次転圧した後、再度、マカダムローラーで十分に仕上げ転圧した。舗設したアスファルト混合物が常温になるまで放冷し、その後、舗設面上に重荷重積載車を５０回通過させたが、最上層の密粒度アスファルト混合物の舗設面には何等の変化も見られなかった。このことは、散布式表面処理工法によって構築された表面処理層が、既設舗装面に存在した亀甲状クラックの舗装体最上層への伝搬を防止し、褥層として有効に機能していることを示すものである。
【０１６６】
〈比較例３〉
２層の表面処理層を構築しなかったこと以外は実施例４と同様にして、幅５ｍｍ以上のクラックが密集する亀甲状の破損個所が多数存在する既設舗装体上に密粒度アスファルト混合物を実施例４と同様に舗設した。舗設したアスファルト混合物が常温になるまで放冷した後、舗設面上に重荷重積載車を５０回通過させたところ、最上層の密粒度アスファルト混合物の舗設面にクラックが亀甲状に浮上している箇所が数ヶ所観察された。
【０１６７】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法は、最下層に加熱型結合材を使用し、最上層には常温型結合材を使用するので、それぞれの結合材の特性が生かされて強度発現までの時間が短く、施工後短時間で交通開放することができる。また、結合材として、結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物の６０℃における絶対粘度が約１５０００ポアズ以上のものを使用するので、施工路面に凹凸や傾斜が存在する場合でも、散布された結合材が無闇に流動することがなく、場所によって結合材が過剰となったり、不足したりすることがなく、フラッシュ現象の発生のない、均一で耐久性に優れた表面処理層を構築することができる。更には、少なくとも最下層の骨材として粒径を規制した骨材を使用することによって、路面と骨材との結合性が増し、安定で耐久性に優れた散布式表面処理層を構築することができる。
【０１６８】
また、結合材として、結合材若しくは結合材中の蒸発残留物が所定の特性を有する結合材を使用する場合には、骨材の路面又は表面処理層に対する付着力が増大し、強固で耐久性に富む安定した表面処理層を構築することができる。更には、常温型結合材としてアスファルト乳剤を使用するとともに、その分解を促進する分解補助剤を使用する場合には、アスファルト乳剤の分解、固化が早まり、強固で耐久性に富む安定した表面処理層をより短時間で構築することが可能となる。
【０１６９】
本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法は、必要に応じて、結合材と同時に、又は相前後して、繊維材料を散布若しくは敷き均すことができ、耐久性ばかりでなく、防水性にも優れた表面処理層を構築することができる。本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法は、本明細書で開示したような特定の作業車を用いて施工することによって、一層の均一性と耐久性、安定性を構築される表面処理層にもたらすことが可能であり、その結果、構築される表面処理層を備えた本発明の舗装体と共に、極めて有用、かつ、優れた発明である。しかも本発明の複層型散布式表面処理工法は、最上層に使用する骨材を選択して、有色のものや、光反射性や光輝性、蛍光性ないしは蓄光性を備えたものを使用することにより、極めて簡単に、カラー舗装、光反射性舗装、発光性舗装などを実現することができる。本発明は既存路面の補修だけでなく、新設路面においても、優れた効果を発揮し、また、本発明の散布式表面処理工法によって構築された舗装体は、その上に更に舗装用混合物を舗設する際の褥層及び／又は緩衝層として機能させることも可能であり、当該技術分野に新たな可能性をもたらすものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 散布式表面処理工法の一例を示す図である。
【図２】 本発明に使用する作業車の一例を示す図である。
【図３】 本発明に使用する作業車の他の例を示す図である。
【図４】 本発明に使用する作業車の更に他の例を示す図である。
【図５】 本発明に使用する作業車の更に他の例を示す図である。
【図６】 アスファルト乳剤と分解補助剤とを相前後して散布した場合の状態を示す図である。
【図７】 本発明に使用する結合材の散布装置の一例を示す正面図である。
【図８】 本発明に使用する結合材の散布装置の一例を示す平面図である。
【図９】 本発明に使用する結合材の散布装置と分解補助剤の散布装置の位置関係を示す側面図である。
【図１０】 本発明に使用する結合材の散布装置と分解補助剤の散布装置の位置関係を示す平面図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 路面
２ａ、２ｂ 結合材
３ａ、３ｂ 骨材
４ａ、４ｂ 飛散した骨材
５ 作業車
６ａ、６ｂ 作業車の前輪、後輪
７、２３ スプレーノズル
８ 骨材ビン
９ 搬入ソケット
１０ 搬送ポンプ
１１、２２ スプレーバー
１２ 骨材搬送車
１３ 骨材散布幅調節扉
１４ 骨材排出ロール
１５ 支持腕
１６ プッシュローラー
１７ エンジン
１８ 結合材貯蔵タンク
１９ 水タンク
２０ 載置台
２１ プライマータンク
２４ 作業ステップ
２５ 加熱装置
２６ エネルギー源
２７ 骨材ホッパー
２８ 搬送コンベア
２９ 繊維材料収納装置
３０ 繊維材料
３１ ノズル
３２ 短繊維
３３ シート状繊維材料収納装置
３４ シート状繊維材料
３５ 送り出し装置
３６ 押さえローラ
３７ アスファルト乳剤
３８、４２ 分解補助剤
３９ 硬化しつつある層
４０ 分解補助剤用のスプレーバー
４１ 分解補助剤用のスプレーノズル
α スプレーノズルの噴射角度
β スプレーノズルの取付角度[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a multilayer spray type surface treatment method, and in particular, by controlling the type of binder used, it is possible to develop strength early and open traffic, and it is strong, durable and stable. The present invention relates to a multilayer spray type surface treatment method capable of constructing a surface treatment layer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Road pavement is gradually aged and deteriorated as it is used for traffic, and the road surface may be worn to cause unevenness, or the pavement surface may be cracked. If the unevenness and cracks are left unattended, there is a risk of threatening the safety of the passing vehicle, or rainwater or the like may penetrate into the pavement from the cracks and cause damage or destruction of the pavement itself.
[0003]
Conventionally, as a method for repairing such aged and deteriorated road pavement, a spraying surface treatment method, a mixed surface treatment method, and an overlay method have been proposed. Among them, the spray-type surface treatment method, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, sprays a binder 2a made of bituminous material such as asphalt on a road surface 1 that has been aged or deteriorated to cause unevenness and cracks. Subsequently, the operation of spraying the aggregate 3a thereon is repeated once or a plurality of times, the aggregates 3a and 3b are coupled to the road surface 1 by the coupling materials 2a and 2b, and the coupling material 2a and the aggregate on the road surface 1 A layer composed of 3a, or a layer composed of the binder 2a and the aggregate 3a, or a layer composed of the binder and the aggregate, such as a layer composed of the binder 2b and the aggregate 3b. It is a construction method that constructs multiple layers.
[0004]
This spray-type surface treatment method can repair the surface of the pavement body relatively easily, so it is extremely effective as a repair method for aged and deteriorated pavement, but unlike the repair method using an asphalt mixture, Since the aggregate and the road surface or the aggregates are simply combined with the binding material, if the binding force of the binding material is insufficient for any reason, the scratching force or impact received from the tires of the passing vehicle, etc. Due to the force, there is a case where the aggregate spread on the binder is scattered as shown in FIG. 1 by reference numerals 4a and 4b. If the aggregate 4a or 4b is scattered, the bonding material appears directly on the road surface, so the road surface flashes and becomes extremely slippery, causing a slip of a passing vehicle, etc. There was a risk of becoming. Such a phenomenon is seen when the construction management is not sufficient in the multi-layer type surface treatment method that builds multiple layers on the road surface. In the multi-layer type surface treatment method, the single-layer type It was necessary to take measures such as taking a longer curing time than the spray-type surface treatment method.
[0005]
In addition, as an attempt to prevent the scattering of the aggregate as described above, it is conceivable to increase the amount of the binder to be dispersed and firmly hold the aggregate, but when the amount of the binder made of bitumen material increases. In addition, when the road surface temperature rises in the summer when the sun is strong, the flash phenomenon may occur due to the excessive presence of the binder, which may result in traffic disturbance. In the multi-layer type surface treatment method, there is a problem that the time until the strength of the binder is further increased, and the traffic opening is delayed.
[0006]
[Problem to be Solved by the Invention]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and is capable of opening traffic early, and has a multi-layer spraying type surface treatment method with less aggregate scattering. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pavement that is constructed by a simple treatment method and has excellent durability and stability.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of repeated research on the spraying surface treatment method, in particular, a multilayer spraying type surface treatment method for constructing a layer of a binder and aggregate on a plurality of road surfaces, the multilayer spraying method In the surface treatment method, since the binder and aggregate are dispersed in several layers, the time until the strength expression as the entire surface treatment layer to be constructed is limited by the binder that expresses the strength at the end, For this reason, even if the lower layer binder that has been sprinkled earlier exhibits sufficient strength, the uppermost layer binder does not yet exhibit sufficient strength. It has been found that even if it is confirmed that the strength is sufficiently developed, there are cases where the binder in the lower layer has not yet sufficiently developed the strength. Therefore, the present inventors have conducted research on the types and characteristics of the binder, and by specifying a specific combination of the position of the layer to be constructed and the binder, and further, the bone used for the lowermost layer. By regulating the particle size of the material and by regulating the properties of the binder, we found that it is possible to build a multi-layer sprayed surface treatment layer that allows early opening of traffic and low aggregate scattering. The present invention has been completed.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is at least the most suitable in the multi-layer type surface treatment method for constructing a plurality of surface treatment layers on the road surface by repeating the operation of spraying the binder and spraying the aggregate from the top at least twice. Provided a multilayer spray type surface treatment method in which the binder used for the lower layer is a heating type binder and the binder used for at least the uppermost layer is a room temperature type binder, and such a multilayer spray type surface The above-described problems are solved by providing a pavement constructed by a processing method.
[0009]
A heating type binder expresses a predetermined strength when it is allowed to cool to a certain temperature or lower, and if such a heating type binder is used as a lowermost layer binder, the subsequent process is in progress. Since the cooling is already proceeding at the end of the process, the time until the subsequent strength development is relatively short. On the other hand, room temperature type binders are quick to decompose when exposed to air, and the time to strength is short, so if such room temperature type binders are used as the uppermost layer binder, they will be exposed to air. Therefore, decomposition is accelerated and strength development is possible at an early stage. In addition, there is an advantage that the room temperature type binder is decomposed and reacted more quickly by the heat dissipated from the lower layer heating type binder and the heated aggregate, and conversely, the lower layer is absorbed by the heat absorption due to the decomposition of the upper layer room temperature type binder. There is also a synergistic effect that the cooling of the heating type binder is further promoted.
[0010]
In this way, in the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, by restricting the combination of the position of the layer to be constructed and the binder to be used to a specific one, the advantages of each binder are utilized, It is possible to comprehensively shorten the time until opening. For the layers other than the lowermost layer and the uppermost layer, either a heating type binder or a room temperature type binder may be used, and may be appropriately selected according to the amount of each binder dispersed.
[0011]
Further, as a binder used for at least one of the layers, if the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder has an absolute viscosity at 60 ° C. of about 15000 poise or more, unevenness and severe deformation are caused. Even when the binder is sprayed on the road surface or the surface treatment layer, the spread binder does not flow along the slope of the road surface or the surface treatment layer, and the film thickness of the binder does not become dark and uneven. A uniform and stable bonding force can be obtained. Here, the absolute viscosity is a value measured based on the viscosity test method described in “Handbook of Pavement Test Methods”, Japan Road Association, published on June 10, 1995, pages 398-402. .
[0012]
In the present invention, as the binder, the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder has the following characteristics a) to d):
a) The penetration is 50 to 150 (1/10 mm),
b) a softening point of 50 to 120 ° C.,
c) Toughness at 25 ° C. of 70 to 320 kgf · cm,
d) Tenacity at 25 ° C. of 30 to 300 kgf · cm,
In the case of using a binding material having a structure, it is possible to further increase the bonding force between the aggregate and the road surface, or between the aggregate and the aggregate, and to construct a multi-layer type spray-type surface treatment layer that is more durable. It becomes possible. Therefore, when an asphalt emulsion is used as the normal temperature type binder, the evaporation residue in the asphalt emulsion has the characteristics a) to d). The asphalt emulsion referred to in the present specification includes a modified asphalt emulsion modified by adding rubber, a thermoplastic polymer or the like, unless otherwise specified.
[0013]
In the present invention, when an asphalt emulsion is used as the normal temperature type binder, the viscosity of the asphalt emulsion at 20 ° C. is desirably about 40 centipoise or more. If an asphalt emulsion with a viscosity at 20 ° C of about 40 centipoise or more is used as a room-temperature type binder, a surface-treated layer is constructed by spraying the room-temperature type binder on a road surface or surface treatment layer where unevenness or deformation is severe. However, the sprayed room-temperature type binder does not flow immediately after spraying along the slope of the road surface and the film thickness of the room-temperature type binder on the road surface does not become non-uniform, providing a uniform and stable bonding force A surface treatment layer can be constructed. Here, the viscosity is a viscosity test described in "Pavement Test Methods Handbook (provisional test method)", edited by Japan Road Association, Maruzen Co., Ltd., published on October 20, 1996, pages 69-74. It is a value measured according to the method.
[0014]
In the present invention, when an asphalt emulsion is used as the room temperature type binder, it is preferable to spray a decomposition aid that accelerates the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion at the same time as or before or after the asphalt emulsion. By spraying the decomposition aid, decomposition of the asphalt emulsion is promoted, and there is an advantage that it is possible to construct a spray-type surface treatment layer that is strong, durable and excellent in stability in a short curing time.
[0015]
Any decomposition aid may be used as the decomposition aid used in the present invention as long as it can accelerate the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion which is a room temperature type binder, and a cationic asphalt emulsion is used as the asphalt emulsion. When used, an anionic emulsifier, an alkaline inorganic salt, an anionic polymer flocculant, an anionic asphalt emulsion, and one or more decomposition aids selected from the group consisting of anionic latex are used. If possible, it is desirable to use one or more anionic emulsifiers such as alkylbenzene sulfonate, metal salt of alkylmethyl taurate, metal salt of di-octyl sulfo-succinate, Of these, metal salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid are most preferable. When an anionic asphalt emulsion is used as the asphalt emulsion, one or more decomposition aids selected from the group consisting of divalent inorganic salts, inorganic acids, organic acids, and amine cationic surfactants, Among these, it is desirable to use one or more decomposition aids selected from amine-based cationic surfactants. When a nonionic asphalt emulsion is used as the asphalt emulsion, it is desirable to use one or more decomposition aids selected from polymer flocculants.
[0016]
In the present invention, when using an asphalt emulsion as a normal temperature type binder, and further using a decomposition aid, the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are on the road surface or surface treatment layer at the same time or before and after. Scattered on top. To spread the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid on the road surface or the surface treatment layer before and after the application of either the asphalt emulsion or the decomposition aid to the construction site on the road surface or the surface treatment layer. In this method, the decomposition aid or asphalt emulsion is sprayed over the previously sprayed one. As a result of spraying before and after, the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid meet and come into contact with each other on the road surface or the surface treatment layer. In addition, spraying asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid as a room temperature type binder on the road surface or surface treatment layer at the same time means that asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid to be sprayed on the same construction site, This means that the spraying time is at least partially overlapped, and as a result of spraying at the same time, the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid reach the same spot on the road surface or surface treatment layer at the same time and meet there, Or you meet, touch and mix in the air.
[0017]
In the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, the asphalt emulsion as a room temperature type binder and the decomposition aid are sprayed before or after, so that the dispersed asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid Encounters, contacts and mixes on the road surface or surface treatment layer or in the air, the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion as a binder is accelerated by the action of the decomposition aid, and the film formation time and the curing time by the asphalt emulsion are shortened. . In the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid as a normal temperature type binder may be sprayed before or after, or at the same time. From the viewpoint of shortening the curing time of the emulsion and constructing a surface treatment layer with excellent strength and durability, it is better to spray the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid at the same time. Most preferably, the two are collided in the air.
[0018]
When spraying the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid at the same time and causing them to collide in the air, spray the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid using one or more spray nozzles, respectively, from one spray nozzle. It is preferable that the sprayed asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid sprayed from one spray nozzle collide in the air. Further, it is desirable that the spread width at the collision position of the decomposition aid sprayed from the individual spray nozzles substantially coincides with the spread width at the collision position of the asphalt emulsion sprayed from the corresponding spray nozzle which is the collision partner. Furthermore, it is preferable that the spray density at the collision position of the decomposition aid sprayed from the individual spray nozzles with the asphalt emulsion is substantially uniform over the entire spread width at the collision position. By doing so, it becomes possible to collide, contact, and mix the asphalt emulsion, which is a normal temperature type binder, and the decomposition aid in a uniform and controlled ratio, and the decomposition / curing time of the asphalt emulsion is further increased. In addition to being shortened, it also has a positive effect on the durability and strength of the resulting surface treatment layer.
[0019]
Furthermore, in the present invention, as the aggregate used in the lowermost layer, when the minimum particle size of the aggregate is less than 10 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening, the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is sieved. If the nominal size of the mesh is 2 mm or more and less than 5 mm, and the minimum particle size is 10 mm or more, the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is sieved. If aggregates with a nominal size of 3 mm or more and an aggregate of 6 mm or less are used, it is possible to construct a multi-layered spray-type surface treatment layer that is strong, wear-resistant, durable and excellent in stability. it can.
[0020]
In addition, when constructing the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, when the fiber material is spread or spread simultaneously with the binder or before and after the binder, the fiber material and the binder It is possible to construct a sprayed surface treatment layer that not only bonds the aggregate to the road surface more strongly, but also has excellent wear resistance, durability, and waterproofness.
[0021]
In the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, it is desirable that the time from the spraying of the binder to the spraying of the aggregate is a relatively short constant time interval. The bonding material is a material whose temperature decreases or decomposes immediately after it is sprayed on the road surface, but if the time from spraying the bonding material to spraying the aggregate changes irregularly, The state of the binder at the time of spraying also changes irregularly, and as a result, a uniform and excellent surface treatment layer cannot be obtained. In order to maintain a relatively short interval between the spraying of the binder and the spraying of the aggregate, it is necessary to use a work vehicle equipped with at least a binder spraying device and an aggregate spraying device. Is desirable. Examples of such work vehicles include, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-145614, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-145612, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-172107, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-172119, filed by the same applicant. And work vehicles such as those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-177986. In addition, by installing a dispersal agent spraying device and / or a fiber material spraying device or a leveling device on such a work vehicle, the disassembly aid and / or before or after the binder. Alternatively, it is easily possible to spread or level the fiber material and then spread the aggregate at a relatively short time interval.
[0022]
The multi-layer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention is not limited to general roads, but is incidental to automobile roads, campus roads, park roads, walking paths, bicycle paths, playgrounds, parking lots, airports, port facilities, public halls, etc. It can also be used for paving such as open spaces and wide sidewalks, and its use can be used not only for repair but also for the construction of surface layers in new construction. Furthermore, the asphalt mixture, cement mixture, and other paving mixtures are paved on the paving body constructed by the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, and the multilayer spray type surface treatment of the present invention. It is also possible to make the pavement constructed by the construction method function as a ridge layer and / or a buffer layer. Thus, the present invention provides a method for constructing a paving body, further comprising a step of paving a paving mixture on the paving body constructed by the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention. The pavement constructed by is also targeted.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0024]
First, the materials used will be described.
<Heating binder>
The heat-bonding material used in the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention is a heat-bonding material that is generally heated to about 100 ° C. to 250 ° C. and exhibits a predetermined strength by returning to room temperature. Examples thereof include asphalt, pavement tar, and cutback asphalt.
[0025]
Examples of the asphalt used in the present invention include natural asphalt such as lake asphalt, straight asphalt, blown asphalt, semi-blown asphalt, and petroleum asphalt such as solvent deasphalted asphalt (for example, propane deasphalted asphalt). May be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
[0026]
These asphalts are preferably modified with rubber or a thermoplastic polymer to increase the bonding strength or adhesion. Rubbers and high molecular weight polymers used for modification include natural rubber, backlash, cyclized rubber, styrene / butadiene rubber, styrene / isoprene rubber, isoprene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, halogenated Rubbers such as rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene propylene rubber, EPT rubber, alphine rubber, styrene / butadiene block copolymer rubber, styrene / butadiene / styrene copolymer rubber, styrene / isoprene block copolymer rubber, and , Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymer, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate / acrylate copolymer, etc. Sex high molecular weight polymer thereof. These rubbers or thermoplastic polymer polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0027]
The blending ratio of the asphalt in the modified asphalt with the rubber and the thermoplastic polymer is usually in the range of 2 to 20 parts by weight of the rubber and the thermoplastic polymer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the asphalt. . If the amount of rubber and thermoplastic polymer is less than 2 parts by weight, the performance as modified asphalt cannot be demonstrated, and the adhesive strength and grasping force between aggregates and between aggregate and road surface are general asphalt. On the other hand, if the amount of the rubber and the thermoplastic polymer exceeds 20 parts by weight, the cohesive force is too strong, causing separation from the aggregate and causing the aggregate to scatter. easy. In addition, asphalt used as the binder of the present invention or asphalt in the modified asphalt has a penetration (25 ° C.) of about 50 to 150 (1/10 mm) in consideration of characteristics after use. Is preferably used.
[0028]
To the asphalt or modified asphalt used as the heating type binder of the present invention, a thermoplastic solid resin, a solid rubber, a liquid resin, a softener, a plasticizer and the like are further added as a tackifier. Can do. Examples of the tackifier to be added include rosin and derivatives thereof, terpene resins, petroleum resins and derivatives thereof, alkyd resins, alkylphenol resins, terpene phenol resins, coumarone indene resins, synthetic terpene resins, alkylene resins, polyisobutylene, Examples thereof include polybutadiene, polybutene, a copolymer of isobutylene and butadiene, mineral oil, process oil, pine oil, anthracene oil, pine root oil, animal and vegetable oil, polymerized oil, and plasticizer. Further, an antioxidant, an antioxidant, sulfur and the like can be added.
[0029]
<Room-temperature type binder>
The room temperature type binder used in the multi-layer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention is used at room temperature or at a temperature up to about 50 to 90 ° C. even if heated, and is decomposed over time by decomposition or reaction. Examples of the binding material exhibiting strength include asphalt emulsion, resin, paint, and the like.
[0030]
The asphalt emulsion used in the present invention includes natural asphalt such as lake asphalt, straight asphalt, blown asphalt, semi-blown asphalt, solvent deasphalted asphalt (for example, propane deasphalted asphalt), heavy oil, tar, pitch, etc. A bitumen mixed with one or more of the above, using various surfactants and emulsifiers such as clay (for example, bentonite), and further using alkali, acid, salt, dispersant, protective colloid as required And then emulsified in water by a suitable emulsifier such as a colloid mill, a homogenizer, or a homomixer.
[0031]
As the emulsifier, any of cationic, anionic and amphoteric systems can be used.
[0032]
Cationic emulsifiers that can be used in the present invention include aliphatic or alicyclic monoamines having a long chain alkyl group, diamines, triamines, amidoamines, polyaminoethylimidazolines, long chain hydroxyalkyldiamines, rosinamines, and oxidation of these amines. Ethylene adducts, amine oxides, or water-soluble or water-dispersible salts obtained by reacting these amine surfactants with acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, and acetic acid. Furthermore, these amine surfactants And quaternary ammonium salts. In addition to these surfactants, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether, and oxyethylene / oxypropylene block copolymer may be used in combination.
[0033]
Examples of anionic emulsifiers that can be used in the present invention include higher alcohol sulfates, alkyl allyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, higher alcohol etoxylates, higher alcohol etoxylate sulfates, soaps, naphthalenes. Examples thereof include sulfonates and formalin-modified products, alkali lignin salts, lignin sulfonates, alkali salts of casein, polyacrylates, and the like.
[0034]
Examples of amphoteric emulsifiers that can be used in the present invention include adducts of alkylene oxides such as alkylphenols, mono- and polyhydric alcohol acids, aliphatics, aliphatic amines, aliphatic amides, ethanolamines, and the like. .
[0035]
Dispersants and protective colloids used in asphalt emulsions include sodium naphthalene sulfonate, casein, alginic acid, gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, lignin sulfonate, and nitrohumate. Etc.
[0036]
The asphalt emulsion used as the normal temperature type binder of the present invention is a modified asphalt modified by adding one or more selected from rubber and thermoplastic polymer to the bitumen to be emulsified and dispersed. It is desirable to use it as an emulsion.
[0037]
The rubber and thermoplastic polymer used for modification include natural rubber, rattling, cyclized rubber, styrene / butadiene rubber, styrene / isoprene rubber, isoprene rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, Rubbers such as halogenated butyl rubber, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene propylene rubber, EPT rubber, alphine rubber, styrene / butadiene block copolymer rubber, styrene / butadiene / styrene copolymer rubber, styrene / isoprene block copolymer rubber , And ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymer, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate / acrylate Thermoplastic polymer precipitate of the polymer, and the like. These rubbers or thermoplastic polymer polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These rubber and thermoplastic polymer are, for example, powder, latex, emulsion, and water, and latex, emulsion, and water are mainly produced by a post-mix type method. Although it is exclusively used for modified asphalt emulsions, it may be used for modified asphalt emulsions by a premix type method.
[0038]
The above asphalt emulsion or modified asphalt emulsion used as the normal temperature type binder of the present invention further includes a thermoplastic solid resin, solid rubber, liquid resin, softener, plasticizer, etc. as a tackifier. can do. Examples of the tackifier to be added include rosin and derivatives thereof, terpene resins, petroleum resins and derivatives thereof, alkyd resins, alkylphenol resins, terpene phenol resins, coumarone indene resins, synthetic terpene resins, alkylene resins, polyisobutylene, Examples thereof include polybutadiene, polybutene, a copolymer of isobutylene and butadiene, mineral oil, process oil, pine oil, anthracene oil, pine root oil, animal and vegetable oil, polymerized oil, and plasticizer. Further, an antioxidant, an antioxidant, sulfur and the like can be added. Furthermore, water-soluble polymer protective colloids such as MC, CMC, HEC, PVA, and gelatin can be added for the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the modified asphalt emulsion.
[0039]
The blending ratio of asphalt in the modified asphalt emulsion to rubber and thermoplastic polymer is 2 to 20 parts by weight of rubber and thermoplastic polymer with respect to 100 parts by weight of asphalt, preferably 3 It is in the range of ˜7 parts by weight. If the amount of rubber and thermoplastic polymer is less than 1 part by weight, the effect of adding rubber and thermoplastic polymer to the adhesive strength and grasping power after the modified asphalt emulsion is decomposed and cured is effective. On the other hand, when the amount of the rubber and thermoplastic polymer exceeds 10 parts by weight, the cohesive force is too strong, and peeling from the aggregate occurs, causing the aggregate to scatter. easy. In addition, asphalt in the asphalt emulsion and modified asphalt emulsion used as a room temperature type binder in the present invention has a penetration (25 ° C.) of 50 to 150 (25 ° C.) in consideration of characteristics after decomposition and curing. It is preferable to use a thing of about 1/10 mm).
[0040]
The evaporation residue (solid matter) of the asphalt emulsion and modified asphalt emulsion used as a room temperature type binder in the present invention is usually preferably about 30 to 70% by weight, and more preferably 50 to 68% by weight. preferable. If the evaporation residue is less than 30% by weight, it cannot be used at all. However, it is difficult to obtain the necessary viscoelasticity as a binder. On the other hand, if the evaporation residue exceeds 70% by weight, this is also impossible. Although it cannot be used, it tends to be difficult to ensure good workability.
[0041]
In addition, these asphalt emulsions or modified asphalt emulsions have ultraviolet absorbers, various additives, and viscosity modifiers for the purpose of improving heat resistance, preventing deterioration due to ultraviolet rays, improving workability, and improving adhesiveness. Etc. may be added.
[0042]
As the resin or paint used as the room temperature type binder in the present invention, for example, a reactive binder such as an epoxy resin, a polyurethane resin, a bitumen-modified epoxy resin, a bitumen-modified polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, or a methacrylate resin may be used. it can. In addition, paints using these resins, paints using resins such as styrene / butadiene copolymer resins, alkyd resins (including those modified with melamine resins and phenol resins), and synthetic rubbers and synthetic resins A paint mainly composed of can also be used.
[0043]
The binder used in the present invention has the following characteristics a) to d) in which the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder has the following characteristics:
a) The penetration is 50 to 150 (1/10 mm),
b) a softening point of 50 to 120 ° C.,
c) Toughness at 25 ° C. of 70 to 320 kgf · cm,
d) Tenacity at 25 ° C. of 30 to 300 kgf · cm,
Preferably, the characteristics shown in the following a ′) to d ′), that is,
a ′) penetration is 70 to 125 (1/10 mm),
b ′) Softening point of 55-100 ° C.
c ′) Toughness at 25 ° C. of 90 to 250 kgf · cm,
d ′) Tenacity at 25 ° C. of 50 to 220 kgf · cm,
More preferably, the characteristics shown in the following a ″) to d ″), that is,
a ″) penetration is 90 to 120 (1/10 mm),
b ″) Softening point of 60-80 ° C.
c ″) Toughness at 25 ° C. of 100 to 200 kgf · cm,
d ″) Tenacity at 25 ° C. of 70 to 180 kgf · cm,
It is what has. When an asphalt emulsion is used as the normal temperature type binder, it is desirable that the evaporation residue in the asphalt emulsion has the above-mentioned characteristics.
[0044]
If the penetration of the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder is less than 50 (1/10 mm), the binder (if the asphalt emulsion is used as a normal temperature type binder, the asphalt after decomposition of the asphalt emulsion) is On the contrary, if the penetration is over 150 (1/10 mm), the binder (if the asphalt emulsion is used as a room temperature type binder, the asphalt after the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion) Is not preferable because it becomes too soft.
[0045]
If the softening point of the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder is less than 50 ° C, the binder (if the asphalt emulsion is used as a room temperature type binder, the asphalt after decomposition of the asphalt emulsion) is hot during summer On the other hand, it is not preferable because it tends to cause a flash phenomenon on the lower road surface and is sticky. On the contrary, when the softening point is higher than 120 ° C., a binder (when using an asphalt emulsion as a room temperature type binder) Asphalt) is not preferred because it lacks flexibility.
[0046]
Also, when the toughness of the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder at 25 ° C. is less than 70 kgf · cm, the binder (asphalt after decomposition of the asphalt emulsion when using asphalt emulsion as a normal temperature type binder) is used. On the contrary, when the toughness exceeds 320 kgf · cm, a binder (when using an asphalt emulsion as a normal temperature type binder, asphalt after decomposition of the asphalt emulsion) is not preferable. However, it is not preferable because it is too sticky and the waist becomes too strong, and it tends to be brittle with respect to traffic load.
[0047]
Furthermore, when the tenacity at 25 ° C. of the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder is less than 30 kgf · cm, the binder (if the asphalt emulsion is used as a normal temperature type binder, the asphalt after decomposition of the asphalt emulsion) However, if the tenacity exceeds 300 kgf · cm, the elongation of the binder (if the asphalt emulsion is used as a normal temperature type binder), the elongation of the asphalt emulsion is large. Since it becomes too much, it is not preferable.
[0048]
Here, the penetration and softening point are stipulated in JISK2207, and toughness and tenacity are "Pavement Test Method Handbook", Japan Road Association, published on June 10, 1995, pages 456-461. It is measured based on “Toughness Tenacity Test Method”.
[0049]
<Decomposition aid>
Any decomposition aid may be used as the decomposition aid used in the present invention as long as it can accelerate the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion used as a room temperature binder, and the asphalt emulsion is a cationic asphalt emulsion. In this case, one or more decomposition aids selected from the group consisting of an anionic emulsifier, an alkaline inorganic salt, an anionic polymer flocculant, an anionic asphalt emulsion, and an anionic latex are used. be able to.
[0050]
Anionic emulsifiers that can be used include those of carboxylates such as soap; higher alcohol sulfates, higher alkyl ether sulfates such as higher alcohol ethoxylate sulfates, sulfated oils, sulfated fatty acid esters, sulfated olefins. Sulfuric ester salts such as alkyl allyl sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, formalin modification of naphthalene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate, alkyl benzene sulfonate ammonium and alkyl benzene sulfonate soda Alkyl benzene sulfonates such as sodium alkyl and alkyl benzene sulfonate, metal salts of di-octyl, sulfo and succinic acid such as di-octyl, sulfo and succinic acid soda, and alkyl mesates such as sodium alkylmethyl taurate. Sulfonate compounds such as metal salts of rutauric acid; synthetic fatty acid salts such as phosphate ester salts, sulfonate salts such as lignin, and natural fatty acids such as carboxylates such as rosin and tall oil Salt.
[0051]
Examples of the alkaline inorganic salt that can be used include soda salts such as caustic soda, ammonium salts such as urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, aluminum sulfate ammonium, ammonium chloride, and ammonium phosphate. In addition, higher alcohol etoxylate, alkali Lignic acid, alkali salt of casein, polyacrylic acid and the like can also be used as a decomposition aid in the present invention.
[0052]
Among the above-mentioned decomposition aids, one or more of them can be used. Among them, alkylbenzene sulfonate such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, ammonium alkylbenzene sulfonate, potassium alkylbenzene sulfonate, or the like, It is preferable to use sodium alkylmethyl taurate and di-octyl sulfo-succinate soda because a surface treatment layer having a high curing rate and excellent strength and durability can be obtained, and among these, It is more preferable to use an alkylbenzene sulfonate such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, ammonium alkylbenzene sulfonate or potassium alkylbenzene sulfonate. Among the alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonate is used. But most preferred.
[0053]
The decomposition aid for the cationic asphalt emulsion as described above is preferably used in the form of an aqueous solution, and its concentration is usually in the range of 1.5 to 30 w / w%. If the aqueous solution concentration of the decomposition aid is less than 1.5 w / w%, the effect of promoting the decomposition of the cationic asphalt emulsion cannot be expected. If the aqueous solution concentration of the decomposition aid exceeds 30 w / w%, the cationic solution The decomposition rate of the asphalt emulsion becomes too fast, which hinders construction work.
[0054]
In the present invention, the ratio of the decomposition aid that is brought into contact with and mixed with the cationic asphalt emulsion is the amount of the active ingredient in the aqueous solution of the decomposition aid with respect to 100 parts by weight of the evaporation residue in the cationic asphalt emulsion. The range of 0.4 to 4.0 parts by weight is preferable. If the amount of the active ingredient in the aqueous solution of the decomposition aid is less than 0.4 parts by weight, the effect of promoting the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 4.0 parts by weight, the decomposition rate of the asphalt emulsion becomes too fast. The construction work will be hindered.
[0055]
On the other hand, when an anionic asphalt emulsion is used as a normal temperature type binder, the decomposition aid includes divalent inorganic salts such as calcium chloride; inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, formic acid and phosphoric acid; acetic acid, citric acid and the like Organic acids; Rosin amines, ethylene oxide adducts of amines, alkyl monoamine hydrochlorides or acetates, alkylamine hydrochlorides or acetates, alkylamines such as alkyltriamine hydrochlorides or acetates; amidoamines such as diamides and amidoamines Hydrochloride or acetate; Hydrochloride or acetate of imidazolines such as polyaminoethylimidazoline; Hydrochloride or acetate of alicyclic monoamine, diamine or triamine having a long chain alkyl group, Hydrochloric acid of polyoxyethylene alkylamines Salts or acetates; hydrochlorides or acetates of aminated lignins; amines Water-soluble or water-dispersible salts obtained by reacting a cationic surfactant with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid; hydrochlorides or acetates of amine oxides; and further, quaternary amine-based cationic surfactants Examples thereof include ammonium salts, and one or more of these can be used as a decomposition aid. Among them, it is preferable to use a water-soluble salt of an amine-based cationic surfactant such as alkyl monoamine hydrochloride or acetate, alkyldiamine hydrochloride or acetate, alkyltriamine hydrochloride or acetate. A nonionic surfactant such as an exciethylene / oxypropylene block copolymer may be used in combination with these decomposition aids.
[0056]
Further, when a nonionic asphalt emulsion is used as a room temperature type binder, it is desirable to use a polymer flocculant as a decomposition aid, and the polymer flocculant has a molecular weight of about 1000 to tens of thousands. Anionic polymer flocculants such as sodium alginate as a low polymerization degree; cationic such as water-soluble aniline resin hydrochloride, polythiourea acetate, polyethyleneaminotriazole, polybilylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, chitosan Nonionic polymer flocculants such as starch and water-soluble urea resin; amphoteric polymer flocculants such as gelatin, etc., with a high polymerization degree of several hundred thousand to several million Anions such as sodium polyacrylate, maleic acid copolymer salt, polyacrylamide partial hydrolysis salt Polymeric flocculant; polyethylene amines, cationic polymer flocculant, such as vinyl vinylpyridine copolymer salts; polyacrylamides, such as a non-ionic polymeric flocculant, such Poriokishiechin. Of these polymer flocculants, one or more of them are used.
[0057]
The decomposition aid for the anionic or nonionic asphalt emulsion as described above is preferably used in the form of an aqueous solution, and its concentration is usually in the range of 1.5 to 20 w / w%. When the aqueous solution concentration of the decomposition aid is less than 1.5 w / w%, the effect of promoting the decomposition of the anionic or nonionic asphalt emulsion cannot be expected, and when the aqueous solution concentration of the decomposition aid exceeds 20 w / w%. However, the decomposition rate of the anionic or nonionic asphalt emulsion becomes too fast, which hinders the construction work.
[0058]
In the present invention, the ratio of the decomposition aid that is brought into contact with and mixed with the anionic or nonionic asphalt emulsion is an aqueous solution of the decomposition aid with respect to 100 parts by weight of the evaporation residue in the anionic or nonionic asphalt emulsion. The amount of the active ingredient is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight. If the amount of the active ingredient in the aqueous solution of the decomposition aid is less than 0.05 parts by weight, the effect of promoting the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion cannot be expected, and if it exceeds 0.5 parts by weight, the decomposition rate of the asphalt emulsion becomes too fast. The construction work will be hindered.
[0059]
<aggregate>
As the aggregate dispersed on the binder in the present invention, any aggregate can be used as long as it is an aggregate for paving described in the `` Asphalt paving summary '' issued by the Japan Road Association, for example, Crushed stone, cobblestone, gravel, steel slag, etc. In addition, asphalt-coated aggregates and recycled aggregates obtained by coating these aggregates with asphalt can also be used. In addition, it is also possible to use granular materials similar to this, such as artificial sintered aggregate, sintered aggregate, artificial lightweight aggregate, ceramic grains, loxobite, aluminum grains, plastic grains, ceramics, emery, and the like.
[0060]
The aggregate used in the present invention can be precoated with asphalt or the like. The amount of asphalt necessary for the coating is in the range of about 0.1 to 1.5% by weight with respect to the aggregate. In the case of a porous aggregate such as steel slag, the amount is large in the above range, and in the case of a non-porous aggregate such as hard sandstone, the amount is small in the above range. As the asphalt used for coating, asphalt, asphalt emulsion, modified asphalt modified with rubber or polymer, modified asphalt emulsion, and the like are also used. Moreover, you may use the aggregate spray-coated with kerosene etc.
[0061]
Moreover, as the aggregate used in the present invention, it is also possible to use colored ones having various colors, aggregates having light reflectivity and glitter, and further fluorescent or luminous properties, For example, natural colored aggregates, artificial fired aggregates, fired foam aggregates, artificial lightweight aggregates, ceramic grains, loxobite, aluminum grains, plastic grains, ceramics, emery etc. Color pavement with excellent durability and stability can be easily realized. Glass beads such as glass beads, silicon carbide particles, fused alumina-based artificial aggregate, limestone-based artificial aggregate (eg, Sinopearl), orthofeldspar, quartz, aluminum silicate fluoride, glass bottle fragments, fluorescent artificial bone If an aggregate having light reflectivity, glitter, or fluorescence or phosphorescence is used, it is possible to easily realize light reflectivity, glitter or light emission. In addition, these colored, light reflecting, glittering, fluorescent or phosphorescent aggregates are usually used without pre-coating, but when pre-coating, these aggregates originally have. Of course, a material that does not impair the color, light reflectivity, glitter, fluorescence, or phosphorescence is used. Ordinary aggregates can be used as colored aggregates, fluorescent aggregates or phosphorescent aggregates by covering them with colored asphalt, fluorescent paint or phosphorescent paint. In addition, you may use together 1 type, or 2 or more types of aggregates of different stone quality, kind, color tone, etc. and / or 1 type or 2 types or more of aggregates with different functions, and it differs for every layer to construct Functional aggregates may be used.
[0062]
Among the aggregates as described above, the aggregate used in the lowest layer is, as will be described later, when the minimum particle size of the aggregate is less than 10 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening, When the difference between the maximum particle size is 2 mm or more and less than 5 mm in the nominal size of the sieve openings, and the minimum particle size is 10 mm or more in the nominal size of the sieve openings, the minimum particle size It is desirable that the difference from the maximum particle size is more than 3 mm and not more than 6 mm in terms of the nominal size of the sieve openings. The “nominal size of the sieve opening” referred to in the present specification is a nominal size commonly used when calling a sieve, and is a reference size of the mesh sieve opening defined in JIS Z8801. Is in a correspondence relationship as shown in Table 1.
[0063]
[Table 1]

[0064]
That is, in this specification, when the minimum particle size of the aggregate is less than 10 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening, the aggregate is a sieve having a reference size of 9.5 mm for the mesh sieve specified in JIS Z8801. Means that the minimum particle size of the aggregate is 10 mm or more in terms of the nominal size of the sieve mesh, and the aggregate is the mesh sieve mesh size specified in JIS Z8801. This means that it does not contain aggregate particles that pass through a sieve with a reference dimension of 9.5 mm. The difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is 2 mm or more in the nominal size of the sieve opening. If the minimum particle size is 5 mm in the nominal size of the sieve aperture, the maximum particle size of the aggregate group The one having a diameter of at least 2 mm larger than 5 mm, that is, passing through a sieve having a nominal size of 7 mm, but not passing through a screen having a nominal size of 6 mm smaller than that. It means that the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is less than 5 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening. If the minimum particle size is 5 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening, the aggregate group Means having a nominal size of less than 5 mm than 5 mm, that is, passing through a sieve having a nominal size of 8 mm. Similarly, if the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is more than 3 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening and less than 6 mm, the minimum particle size is 10 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening. The largest particle size of the population is at least a sieve having a nominal size of 3 mm larger than 10 mm, that is, a sieve having a nominal size of 6 mm larger than 10 mm without passing through a sieve having a nominal size of 13 mm, ie a nominal size of 16 mm. It means passing through a sieve. It should be noted that here, whether or not to pass through the sieve is a judgment at a substantial and common sense level, and something like dust partially passes through the sieve or is peculiar. Even if some grains remain on the sieve, they cannot affect the judgment of not passing through the sieve if they can be ignored from the aggregate group. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the particle size and particle size of the aggregate are based on the nominal size of the sieve openings.
[0065]
The aggregate used in the lowermost layer in the present invention is not particularly limited to the upper limit and lower limit of the particle size as long as the above particle size conditions are satisfied, but preferably the minimum particle size is 5 mm or more, Those having a maximum particle size of 20 mm or less are preferred. If the minimum particle size is less than 5 mm, the aggregate particle size is too small, and road surface irregularities and cracks may not be effectively covered. In addition, the aggregate spread of the aggregate itself approaches the layer thickness of the binder spread layer formed on the road surface by the spread binder, and in some cases the aggregate spread of the aggregate is greater than the layer thickness of the binder. However, the thickness is reduced, which is one of the causes of flash. On the other hand, when the maximum particle diameter exceeds 20 mm, not only the road surface after construction becomes rough, but also the increase in traffic noise generated by the traveling of the vehicle and the vehicle traveling on the surface treatment layer, Material scattering may occur, which is not preferable.
[0066]
In addition, the aggregate used in layers other than the lowermost layer is not particularly limited in the particle size, but usually an aggregate having a smaller diameter than the aggregate used in the lower layer is used. As the uppermost layer, fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand, and No. 7 crushed stone having a particle diameter of 2.5 to 5 mm are also used.
[0067]
<Fiber material>
As fiber materials used in the present invention, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polypropylene, vinylon, acrylic, polyvinylidene chloride, or semi-synthetic fibers, natural fibers, glass fibers, recycled fibers, carbon fibers, Various materials such as metal fibers are used, among which polyester fibers are preferable.
[0068]
These fibers can be used as short fibers cut to an appropriate length, but can also be used as monofilaments, multifilaments in which a large number of monofilaments are bundled, or as spun yarns or twisted yarns. Furthermore, it is also possible to use it in the form of a sheet as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, or a knitted fabric.
[0069]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the length of a short fiber, since it will not have an effect in the intensity maintenance and waterproof performance by a fiber of a surface treatment layer, prevention of a crack, etc. if it is too short, it is 3 mm or more, Preferably about 5 mm-70 mm Those are preferred.
[0070]
Next, the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention will be described.
[0071]
First, after cleaning the construction road surface with a load sweeper, a heating type binder is sprayed. Prior to spraying the heating-type binder, the primer may be sprayed on a portion where the road surface is rough and the roughness is high. The primer has an effect of enhancing adhesiveness and conformability between the heating type binder and the road surface. The application amount of the heating type binder is not particularly limited as long as the aggregate is bonded to the road surface. Usually, the application amount per layer is 100 m. ² A range of 60 to 250 liters per unit is preferred. 100m ² If the amount of the heated bonding material per unit is less than 60 liters, there is a possibility that the bonding force between the road surface and the aggregate and between the aggregate and the aggregate and the adhesive force may be insufficient. Cause. In addition, the spray amount of the heating type binder varies depending on the particle size of the aggregate, and generally, the amount of the binder sprayed increases as the aggregate having a larger particle size is used.
[0072]
After the heating type binder is sprayed, the aggregate is sprayed on the sprayed binder. Usually, the spraying amount per one layer of aggregate is 100m ² 0.4 ~ 2.5m per ³ The range of is preferable. 100m ² 0.4m of aggregate spread per contact ³ If it is less than that, it may cause a flash phenomenon. ² Aggregate amount per 2.5m ³ Beyond this, the surplus aggregate becomes a float that prevents the passage of the vehicle, and also makes it difficult for pedestrians to walk. Moreover, as for the amount of aggregates to be dispersed, it is desirable that the aggregates with larger particle diameters are dispersed more frequently. It is desirable to lightly roll the surface after the aggregate is spread. In addition, although an aggregate is normally spread | dispersed at normal temperature, you may make it spread in the state heated at 100-170 degreeC.
[0073]
Then, replace the aggregate spread on the layer after the previous layer with a smaller diameter, and repeat the same operation according to the number of layers to be built, but build the top layer. If this is the case, use a room temperature binder. The application amount of the binder and aggregate is the same as that in the lowermost layer in each layer. When the uppermost layer is constructed, if colored materials are used as aggregates, color pavement can be easily realized. Further, if a light reflecting, glittering or fluorescent aggregate is used, it is possible to easily construct a light reflecting pavement or a fluorescent pavement.
[0074]
In addition, it is desirable that the above-described spraying of the binder and the spraying of the aggregate be performed at a constant short time interval as much as possible, and as a work vehicle that enables such construction easily, for example, the same Japanese Patent Application No. 11-145614, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-145612, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-172107, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-172119, and Japanese Patent Application No. 10- It is desirable to use a work vehicle as disclosed in the specification of 177986. In the work vehicles disclosed in these specifications, the binding material spraying device and the aggregate spraying position are both in front of the front wheel of the work vehicle, between the front wheel and the rear wheel, or behind the rear wheel. Since the aggregate is immediately sprayed after the binder is sprayed, the binder once sprayed without stepping on the binder on which the tire or crawler of the work vehicle is sprayed. There is no risk of peeling off or adhering to tires or the like to soil other road surfaces. Moreover, in the work vehicle as disclosed in the above specification, both the binder spraying device and the aggregate spraying device are mounted on a single work vehicle, and each spraying is performed. It is possible to manage and construct as a consistent work from the spraying of the binder to the spraying of the aggregate, and it is possible to construct a uniform and durable surface treatment layer. Examples of such work vehicles are shown in FIGS.
[0075]
FIG. 2 is an example of a work vehicle in which both the binder spraying device and the aggregate spraying device are arranged in front of the front wheel of the work vehicle. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a work vehicle, 6a, 6b denotes a front wheel and a rear wheel of the work vehicle 5, 7 denotes a spray nozzle as a binder spraying device, and 8 denotes an aggregate bin (bin) as an aggregate spraying device. As the aggregate bin, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 11-145614, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-145612, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-172107, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-172119, which are the same applicants. And what is mounted in the working vehicle disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-177986 is used. The binding material is carried in from a supply vehicle (not shown) through a carry-in socket indicated by reference numeral 9, is pumped to the spray bar 11 by the transport pump 10, and is sprayed from the spray nozzle 7 toward the road surface. In the vicinity of the spray nozzle 7 for the binder, it is possible to provide a spray nozzle for a decomposition aid and a spray nozzle for water or primer as needed.
[0076]
On the other hand, the aggregate is introduced into the aggregate bin 8 from the aggregate transport vehicle 12 and is sprayed as the aggregate 3 on the bonding material from between the aggregate distribution width adjusting door 13 and the aggregate transport roll 14. . In addition, 15 is a support arm, 16 is a push roller that pushes the rear wheel of the aggregate transport vehicle 12, and 17 is an engine.
[0077]
FIG. 3 is an example of a work vehicle in which both the binder spraying device and the aggregate spraying device are arranged between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the work vehicle. It is attached. The work vehicle 5 shown in FIG. 3 includes a storage tank 18 of a binding material having a heat insulation / heating device, and the binding material is introduced into the storage tank 18 through a carry-in socket 9 from a supply vehicle (not shown). For example, it is held in a state maintained at a predetermined temperature. 19 is a water tank and 21 is a primer tank. The binding material is pumped to the spray bar 11 by the transport pump 10 and sprayed from the spray nozzle 7. As in the example of FIG. 2, the aggregate is distributed from the aggregate bin 8 onto the layer of binder. In addition, 20 is a mounting table on which the rear wheels of the aggregate transport vehicle 12 are placed, 22 is a spray bar for water or primer, and 23 is a spray nozzle. Reference numeral 24 denotes a work step, 25 denotes a heating device for heating the road surface, and 26 denotes an energy source for the heating device 25. It is also possible at any time to provide a spray nozzle for the decomposition aid in the vicinity of the spray nozzle 7 for the binder.
[0078]
FIG. 4 is an example of a work vehicle in which both the binder spraying device and the aggregate spraying device are arranged behind the rear wheel of the work vehicle, and are the same as those in FIGS. 2 and 3. The code | symbol is attached | subjected. The binding material is carried in from a supply vehicle (not shown) through a carry-in socket 9, and then temporarily stored in a tank having a heat insulation / heating device (not shown) in the work vehicle 5, and sprayed on the road surface from the spray nozzle 7. . On the other hand, the aggregate is carried into an aggregate popper 27 from an aggregate conveyance vehicle (not shown), conveyed to a conveyer 28, and sprayed from the aggregate bin 8. It is also possible at any time to provide a spray nozzle for the decomposition aid in the vicinity of the spray nozzle 7 for the binder.
[0079]
In the work vehicle shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 described above, only one set of the binder spraying device and the aggregate spraying device is mounted, and the multi-layer spraying of the present invention is performed by such a work vehicle. To construct the surface treatment method, it is necessary to run one work vehicle several times on the construction road surface or use a plurality of work vehicles. It is also possible to mount a plurality of sets of spraying devices, and if such a work vehicle is used, the multi-layer spraying surface treatment method of the present invention can be applied in a single run.
[0080]
In the case of using a two-component resin as a binder, a mixture of both may be sprayed immediately before spraying, and in the work vehicle as described above, the main agent is removed from the spray nozzle of the binder, A curing agent may be sprayed from a spray nozzle for water or a primer, and both may be contact-mixed in the air or on the road surface. Of course, a nozzle for the curing agent may be provided separately.
[0081]
After spreading the aggregate for each layer, it is desirable to roll the spreading surface. As the rolling machine, for example, a self-propelled rolling machine such as a tire roller, an iron wheel roller, or a vibrating roller can be used. Finally, the floating stones are removed by road sweeper and opened to traffic.
[0082]
Further, in the multi-layer spraying type surface treatment method of the present invention, the fiber material may be sprayed or spread simultaneously with the spraying of the binding material or before or after the spraying of the binding material. For example, a working vehicle as shown in FIG. 5 is preferably used for spreading or leveling the fiber material simultaneously with the spreading of the binding material or before and after the spreading of the binding material. The work vehicle of FIG. 5 is an example of a work vehicle in which the binder spraying device, the aggregate spraying device, and the fiber material spraying or leveling device are all arranged behind the work vehicle rear wheel. The same components as those in FIGS. 2 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0083]
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 29 denotes a storage device for fiber materials such as monofilaments, multifilaments, spun yarns, and twisted yarns. The stored fiber material 30 is ejected from the nozzle 31 in a random direction or in a fixed direction. It has become so. The fiber material storage device 29 can store the short fibers 32 together, and the short fibers 32 are also ejected from the nozzle 31. In the illustrated example, the fiber material is sprayed after the binding material is sprayed from the nozzle 7, but the distance between the nozzle 7 of the binding material and the nozzle 31 of the fiber material is reduced, It is also possible to disperse them at the same time so that they mix with each other in the air. In addition, it is possible to provide a spray nozzle for a decomposition aid in the vicinity of the spray nozzle 7 for the binder, or a spray nozzle for water or primer as needed. In addition, the binder spraying device, the aggregate spraying device, and the fiber material spraying or leveling device are all placed in front of the front wheel of the work vehicle, or between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the work vehicle. Of course, it is also possible.
[0084]
Although not shown in the figure, it is possible to separately provide a nozzle for injecting a fiber material such as monofilament, multifilament, spun yarn, twisted yarn, etc. in the vehicle width direction of the work vehicle. While injecting the fiber material in the vehicle width direction of the work vehicle and injecting the fiber material from the nozzle 31 in parallel with the traveling direction of the work vehicle, the same or different kinds of fiber materials are deposited in a direction perpendicular to each other on the road surface. It is also possible.
[0085]
On the other hand, the code | symbol 33 shows the storage apparatus of sheet-like fiber materials 34, such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, and a knitted fabric, and a sheet-like fiber material is wound and hold | maintained at roll shape. This sheet-like fiber material is sent out by the sending device 35 and spread on the road surface. Reference numeral 36 denotes a presser roller for bringing the fed sheet-like fiber material 34 into close contact with the road surface. The amount of fiber used is a basis weight, usually 25 g / m. ² 150g / m ² Preferably, 50 g / m ² 120g / m ² It is.
[0086]
In this way, by spreading or spreading the fiber material simultaneously with or before and after the binder, the binder and the fiber material are mixed and impregnated with each other, and the aggregate and the aggregate and the road surface are combined. The surface treatment layer not only has excellent durability and stability, but also has excellent crack followability and water resistance. It should be noted that the spreading or leveling of the fiber material may be performed in any of the layers to be constructed, but when the bottom layer is constructed, it is necessary to spread or level the fabric at the same time as or before or after the heating type binder. desirable.
[0087]
Further, in a preferred example of the multi-layer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, when an asphalt emulsion is used as a room temperature type binder, a decomposition aid is present on the road surface at the same time as or before or after the asphalt emulsion. Sprayed on. When asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid are sprayed on the road surface, the asphalt emulsion is first sprayed on the road surface or the surface treatment layer, and then the decomposition aid is sprayed on the spray surface. Alternatively, conversely, the decomposition aid may be first sprayed on the road surface or the surface treatment layer, and then the asphalt emulsion may be sprayed on the spray surface. Furthermore, after asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid are sprayed in this order, the asphalt emulsion may be sprayed again, or after spraying the decomposition aid and asphalt emulsion in this order, again, A decomposition aid may be sprayed.
[0088]
In any case, asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid are sprinkled on the road surface or surface treatment layer one after the other, so that the asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid meet on the road surface or surface treatment layer and come into contact with each other. Thus, the decomposition promoting action of the asphalt emulsion by the decomposition aid is started, and the asphalt emulsion is decomposed and hardened in a shorter time than the case of the asphalt emulsion alone. Thus, in a preferable example of the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, since it includes a step of spraying the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition auxiliary agent on the road surface, the conventional spray type surface treatment. Compared to the construction method, it is possible to construct a spray-type surface treatment layer that is strong, durable, and stable with a shorter curing time.
[0089]
However, as will be described later, in the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are sprayed on the road surface or the surface treatment layer at the same time, and both are applied on the road surface or the surface treatment. More preferably, the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are sprayed at the same time by colliding and contacting on the layer, and both are collided and brought into contact with each other in the air. In addition, it is possible to construct a spray-type surface treatment layer having excellent stability.
[0090]
The reason is considered as follows. That is, as an example in which the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are sprayed one after the other, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, asphalt emulsion 37 is first sprayed on the road surface 1 and then the decomposition aid 38 on the spray surface. In the case of spraying, immediately after spraying, a layer of asphalt emulsion 37 and a layer of decomposition aid 38 are formed on the road surface 1. The asphalt emulsion 37 and the decomposition aid 38 come into contact with each other at the interface between the two layers and are mixed together, and the decomposition promoting action of the asphalt emulsion 37 by the decomposition aid 38 is started. As a result, a layer 39 in which the asphalt emulsion 37 is being decomposed and hardened is formed at the boundary between the layer of the asphalt emulsion 37 and the layer of the decomposition aid 38. By forming this layer 39, this time, On the contrary, the further contact and mixing of the undecomposed asphalt emulsion 37 and the decomposition aid 38 are prevented, and furthermore, the dissipation of moisture from the layer of the asphalt emulsion 37 is prevented. For this reason, it is considered difficult to sufficiently mix the asphalt emulsion 37 and the decomposition aid 38 in a short time. This is the same when the order of application of the asphalt emulsion 37 and the decomposition auxiliary agent 38 is reversed. When the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition auxiliary agent are applied on the road surface in succession, the decomposition assistance is performed. Although the curing time can be shortened to some extent by the presence of the agent, it cannot be said that the advantage of using the decomposition aid is fully utilized.
[0091]
On the other hand, when the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are sprayed at the same time so that the two collide with each other on the road surface or the surface treatment layer, more preferably in the air, the asphalt emulsion and Mixing with the decomposition aid becomes more uniform and complete, and the advantages of using the decomposition aid can be fully utilized. However, even in this case, the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are sprayed at the same time so that they collide and contact with each other in the air rather than colliding and contacting both on the road surface or the surface treatment layer. Is preferred. The reason is considered as follows. That is, even when the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are sprayed at the same time, and both collide and contact with each other on the road surface or the surface treatment layer, a certain degree of uniform mixing can be realized. As soon as the decomposition auxiliary agent reaches the road surface or the surface treatment layer, it loses its momentum and stops, so even if it can be said that a uniform mixed state of both can be realized, there is a limit to this. However, when the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are collided and brought into contact with each other in the air, the two are still in motion even after the collision and contact, and other asphalt emulsions still reach the road surface or surface treatment layer. It is considered that a very uniform mixed state is realized by repeatedly colliding and contacting with particles, decomposition aid particles, or a combination particle of asphalt emulsion particles and decomposition aid particles.
[0092]
Hereinafter, the case where the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are collided and brought into contact with each other in the air and both are shockedly mixed and stirred will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
[0093]
FIG. 7 is a view showing only the binder spraying device used in the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, wherein 1 is a road surface, 11 is a spray bar for spraying the binder, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3,... Are spray nozzles for binding material spray attached to the spray bar 11. In addition, 37-1, 37-2, 37-3,... Are asphalt emulsions as normal temperature type binders sprayed from the respective spray nozzles. As the spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2, 7-3,..., Any type of spray nozzle may be used. From the viewpoint of realizing uniform spraying, a spray nozzle having a flat injection pattern as shown in FIG. 7 may be used. It is desirable to use The flat injection pattern is a substantially linear injection pattern in which a section perpendicular to the injection direction is elongated in a fan shape with a certain injection angle α from the spray nozzle. The flat surface refers to a fan surface having a fan-shaped spray pattern.
[0094]
FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7 as viewed from above. As shown in FIG. 8, the flat spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2, 7-3,. The asphalt emulsions 37-1, 37-2, 37-3,... As the binding material are arranged so that the flat surface of the spray pattern has an angle β with the row direction of the spray nozzle row. The angle β is not particularly limited and may be any number as long as it is in the range of 0 to 90 degrees. However, from the viewpoint of canceling the non-uniformity by overlapping the spray patterns from the spray nozzles, it is usually 5 to 45 degrees. The range is preferably from 10 to 40 degrees, more preferably from 15 to 35 degrees. The mounting angle β of the spray nozzle is preferably the same for one spray bar.
[0095]
As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the sprayed asphalt emulsions 37-1, 37-2, 37-3,... From the spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2, 7-3,. Are partially overlapped when viewed from a horizontal direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the spray bar 11. For example, in the case of FIGS. 7 and 8, the jetted asphalt emulsions 37-1, 37-2, 37-3,... Overlap each other on the road surface 1 by 2/3. Such a spraying device for a binding material including the spray bar 11 and the spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2, 7-3,... Is usually mounted on a work vehicle and is applied to the road surface 1 as the work vehicle progresses. Asphalt emulsion sprayed from spray nozzles 7-4, 7-3, 7-2 when viewed from a certain location on the road surface 1, for example, point A, moves in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the spray bar 11. It will pass under 37-4, 37-3, 37-2 sequentially. Therefore, the point A is conveniently subjected to three times of spreading, that is, triple. The number of overlapping spreads is not limited to triple, and may be double or quadruple, but if you want the uniformity of the binder to be spread, triple or quadruple, at least double It is preferable to spray on. Needless to say, the number of sprays can be adjusted as appropriate by adjusting the height of the spray nozzle from the road surface, the spray angle α from the spray nozzle, the interval between the spray nozzles, and the like.
[0096]
Now, with respect to the binder spraying device as described above, in the example of the device used in the multilayer spraying type surface treatment method of the present invention, a spraying device for the decomposition aid is additionally provided. FIG. 9 is a side view showing a state in which a binding material spraying device and a decomposition aid spraying device are provided side by side, and a decomposition aid spray nozzle 41 attached to the decomposition aid spray bar 40 includes: The tip is bent, and the sprayed decomposition auxiliary agent 42 is arranged to collide with the asphalt emulsion 37 as a binder sprayed from the spray nozzle 7 in the air.
[0097]
FIG. 10 is a top view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 10, one spray nozzle for the decomposition aid is provided for one spray nozzle for asphalt emulsion as a binder. For example, in the asphalt emulsion 37-1 sprayed from the spray nozzle 7-1 for asphalt emulsion, the decomposition auxiliary agent 42-1 injected from the spray nozzle 41-1 for decomposition auxiliary agent is in the air. And the asphalt emulsion 37-2 sprayed from the spray nozzle 7-2 for asphalt emulsion collides with the decomposition aid 42-2 sprayed from the spray nozzle 41-2 for decomposition aid in the air. It is like that. Spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2,... For spraying asphalt emulsions or decomposition aids colliding with each other in the air, and spray nozzles 41-1, 41-2 for decomposition aids. The correspondence between the two is one-to-one, and for example, the decomposition aid 42-2 sprayed from the spray nozzle 41-2 for the decomposition aid corresponds to the corresponding asphalt. Only the asphalt emulsion 37-2 sprayed from the spray nozzle 7-2 for the emulsion collides in the air, and does not collide with the asphalt emulsion sprayed from the other spray nozzles for the asphalt emulsion.
[0098]
Spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2,... For spraying asphalt emulsions or decomposition aids colliding with each other in the air, and spray nozzles 41-1, 41-2 for decomposition aids. Such a one-to-one correspondence relationship between and is realized as follows. For example, in FIG. 10, taking the decomposition auxiliary agent 42-1 injected from the spray nozzle 41-1 for decomposition auxiliary agent as an example, asphalt emulsion 37-1 corresponding to the injected decomposition auxiliary agent 42-1 and In between, there is an asphalt emulsion 37-2 sprayed from a spray nozzle 7-2 for a non-corresponding asphalt emulsion, but the sprayed asphalt emulsion 37-2 spreads as shown in FIG. Therefore, the sprayed decomposition auxiliary agent 42-1 passes over the inclined shoulder-spread shoulder portion of the asphalt emulsion 37-2 in front and collides with the asphalt emulsion 37-1. You can do that. That is, in FIG. 7, when viewed from the horizontal direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the spray bar 11, the horizontal is shown from the intersection point x between the right shoulder of the sprayed asphalt emulsion 37-1 and the left shoulder of the sprayed asphalt emulsion 37-2. The line segment drawn in Fig. 7 is shown as a line segment X. The decomposition auxiliary agent 42-1 injected from the spray nozzle 41-1 for decomposition auxiliary agent in Fig. 10 is formed on the asphalt emulsion 37-2 in Fig. 7. If it passes at a position higher than the line segment X, the spray nozzle for asphalt emulsion and the spray nozzle for decomposition aid can be made to correspond one-to-one. The spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2, 7-3,... For the asphalt emulsion and the spray nozzle for the decomposition aid so that the sprayed asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are in such a positional relationship. 41-1, 41-2, 41-3, etc., for example, the decomposition aid 42-3 sprayed from the spray nozzle 41-3 for the decomposition aid is sprayed for asphalt emulsion. Collides only with asphalt emulsion 37-3 sprayed from nozzle 7-3 and collides with asphalt emulsion 37-2 or 37-4 sprayed from spray nozzle 7-2 or 7-4 for other adjacent asphalt emulsion You will not be able to.
[0099]
In addition, since the spraying direction of the decomposition aid 42-1 from the spray nozzle 41-1 for the decomposition aid is usually obliquely downward, the decomposition aid 42-1 is placed on the asphalt emulsion 37-2 in front. Even when the passing position is a position slightly higher than the line segment X, the collision position between the asphalt emulsion 37-1 and the decomposition aid 42-1 on the asphalt emulsion 37-1 is indicated by a line segment Y in FIG. As shown, it can be lowered to a position slightly lower than the line segment X. However, since a large number of spray nozzles coexist in a narrow range, from the viewpoint of device design, the collision position between the asphalt emulsion 37-1 and the decomposition aid 42-1 on the asphalt emulsion 37-1. It is preferable to be slightly above the line segment X.
[0100]
If the collision position Y between the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid is too low, the time from the collision of the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid to the fall on the road surface and loss of momentum is too short, and uniform mixing occurs. If it is not possible to achieve this, and if it is too high, the sprayed asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid both collide in a dark and solid state, which is not preferable. Accordingly, the height of the collision position Y is preferably in the range of 1 / 4H to 3 / 4H, more preferably 2 / 4H to the height from the road surface 1 to the spray nozzle 7-1 for asphalt emulsion. The range is 3 / 4H.
[0101]
As described above, spray nozzles 7-1, 7-2, 7-3,... For asphalt emulsion and spray nozzles 41-1, 41-2, 41-3,. By making a one-to-one correspondence, it becomes easy to control the collision ratio such as the collision rate of the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid, the collision speed and the collision position, so that the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are optimized. It is possible to perform collisions at a ratio and under optimum collision conditions. As a result, it is needless to say that extremely uniform mixing of both is realized, and a shorter curing time can be realized.
[0102]
Moreover, in an example of the apparatus used for the multilayer type spray type surface treatment method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10, the decomposition aids 42-1, 42-2, 42-3,. To the corresponding asphalt emulsions 37-1, 37-2, 37-3,..., Sprayed so that the spray density on the respective collision positions Y1, Y2, Y3,. . That is, the decomposition aids 42-1, 42-2, 42-3,... Are asphalt emulsions 37-1, 37-2, 37-3, as shown in the plan view of FIG. Asphalt emulsions 37-1, 37-2, 37-3,... At angles that are symmetrical with respect to the vertical planes Z1, Z2, Z3,. It is jetted toward. As a result, the injection densities of the decomposition aids 42-1, 42-2, 42-3,... On the respective collision positions Y1, Y2, Y3,. Are uniform throughout the width direction, and more uniform mixing of the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid is realized.
[0103]
In the above example, the decomposition aid is collided obliquely with the asphalt emulsion injected almost perpendicularly to the road surface, but conversely, the decomposition aid is injected perpendicularly to the road surface. The asphalt emulsion may be caused to collide obliquely with the decomposition aid, and further, both the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid may be caused to impinge on and strike. However, considering that the amount of asphalt emulsion is larger and is the main material, the decomposition aid is collided diagonally with the asphalt emulsion injected almost perpendicularly to the road surface as in the example described above. It is preferable to do so.
[0104]
The spray pressure from each spray nozzle is 0.6 to 5.0 kgf / cm for both asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid. ² Is preferable, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 kgf / cm ² Range. Injection pressure is 0.6kgf / cm ² If it is less than the range, it is difficult for the spray pattern to have a good sector shape, and the spray pressure is 5 kgf / cm. ² If it exceeds, the sprayed object becomes mist-like and it becomes difficult to form a good spray film on the road surface. The spray pressure of the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid may be the same, but it is desirable to set the spray pressure of the decomposition aid slightly higher than the spray pressure of the asphalt emulsion.
[0105]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail using experimental examples.
[0106]
<Experiment 1> Influence of aggregate particle size on bond strength with road surface
In order to examine the influence of the particle size of the aggregate used on the durability of the sprayed surface treatment layer to be constructed, the adhesion test described below was carried out in accordance with the Viarit adhesion test method.
[0107]
That is, aggregate samples having various minimum and maximum particle sizes as shown in Table 2 were prepared. For example, in Table 2, No. The aggregate sample indicated by 1 is an aggregate sample in which approximately 100% by weight of aggregate particles are distributed between a sieve having a nominal size of 5 mm and a sieve of 6 mm. Ninety such various aggregate samples were prepared and dried and allowed to stand under the conditions specified in the Viarit adhesion test method.
[0108]
On the other hand, a metal plate having a thickness of 2 mm and a size of 200 × 200 mm is prepared for each aggregate sample, and modified asphalt (trade name “Gumphalt S-SP”, manufactured by Nichireki Co., Ltd.) is used as a binder. For aggregate samples with a diameter of less than 10 mm, 1.15 kg / cm ² In addition, for an aggregate sample having a minimum particle size of 10 mm or more, 1.50 kg / cm ² After applying various aggregate samples to this, a linear pressure of 7 kgf / cm was applied, and each was rotated 15 times in the opposite direction for a total of 30 revolutions. After this was left for a predetermined time, in a state where the aggregate adhesion surface was held down horizontally, an iron ball having a diameter of 50 mm and a weight of 500 g was placed on the center of the metal plate three times within 10 seconds. I dropped it. Of the aggregate particles that fell off the metal plate due to the fall of the iron ball, the number of aggregate particles to which the binder did not adhere was counted as a. Further, the aggregate remaining on the metal plate was peeled off by hand, and the number of aggregate particles to which the binder did not adhere was counted as d. The adhesion rate (%) was calculated as adhesion rate (%) = {(90−ad) / 90} × 100. Each sample was tested three times, and the results were averaged and evaluated to satisfy an adhesion rate of 80% or more. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0109]
[Table 2]

[0110]
As is apparent from Table 2, in the case of an aggregate sample having a minimum particle size of less than 10 mm, the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is 2 mm or more and less than 5 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening. However, in the case of an aggregate sample having a minimum particle size of 10 mm or more, the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is the nominal size of the sieve opening exceeding 3 mm and not exceeding 6 mm. It became 80% or more, and when using it for the spraying type surface treatment method of this invention, it turned out that the outstanding binding property is shown. Although the reason why such a result was obtained is not clear, if the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is too small, an increase in the binding force due to the bite between the aggregates cannot be expected so much. On the contrary, if the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is too large, it is assumed that an unequal force acts depending on the difference in particle size.
[0111]
<Experiment 2> Effect of Viscosity of Binder on Uniformity of Surface Treatment Layer-Single Layer
In order to investigate the influence of the viscosity of the binding material on the uniformity of the surface treatment layer, a binding material having various absolute viscosities at 60 ° C. was prepared and cut out from the road surface where the dug was excavated for pavement replacement. As a binder for the first surface treatment layer on the experimental pavement having an uneven surface, 1.2 (liter / m ² ). The difference between the concave and convex portions was about 20 mm on average. Then, immediately, the No. used in Experiment 1 was used. 3 aggregate samples were 9 (liter / m ² ) Was sprayed from above, lightly pressed, and then cured until the binder was cured. After curing, the experimental pavement was cut with a cutter, and the thickness of the binder at the bottom of the recess and the top of the projection was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 together with the type of binder used.
[0112]
[Table 3]

[0113]
As is apparent from the results in Table 3, the binders having an absolute viscosity at 60 ° C. of about 8000 poise and about 13,000 poise tend to flow into and stay in the recesses of the road surface due to the action of gravity after spraying. On the top, the thickness of the bonding material was as thin as about 1 mm to 1.5 mm, and conversely, a thick bonding material layer of about 4 mm to about 3.5 mm was formed at the bottom of the recess on the road surface. Aggregate grains in the convex part could be removed relatively easily when an attempt was made to peel off at the tip of a spatula. Further, in the concave portion, the amount of the binding material is too large, and if it is left as it is, there is a risk of causing a flash phenomenon when the vehicle is actually used for traffic.
[0114]
On the other hand, when the absolute viscosity at 60 ° C. is about 15000 poise or more, the flow of the binder is suppressed, and there is not much difference in the thickness of the binder layer at the bottom of the road surface recess and the top of the protrusion. Attempts were made to peel the aggregate particles in the convex and concave portions with the tip of the spatula, but they were so firmly bonded that they could not be easily peeled off. From the above, if a binder or a binder having an absolute viscosity at 60 ° C. of about 15000 poise or more of the evaporation residue in the binder is used, the binder will remain on the road even if the road surface is uneven. It was found that a uniform surface treatment layer can be constructed without flowing.
[0115]
<Experiment 3> Effect of Viscosity of Binder or Evaporation Residue in Binder on Uniformity of Surface Treatment Layer-Multiple Layers
No. in Table 3 in which the first surface treatment layer was constructed in Experiment 2. 2 and no. No. 7 crushed stone having a particle size of 2.5-5 mm and a plurality of binders having different absolute viscosities at 60 ° C. of the evaporation residue are used on the experimental pavement of No. 0 (liter / m ² ), Aggregate 5.0 (liter / m ² The second surface treatment layer was constructed by the same construction method as in the case of Experiment 2 described above except that. After curing, as in Experiment 2, the experimental pavement was cut with a cutter, and the total thickness of the binder at the bottom of the recess and the top of the protrusion was measured. The results are shown in Table 4 together with the type of binder used.
[0116]
[Table 4]

[0117]
As is apparent from the results of Table 4, the first surface-treated layer and the second surface-treated layer are bonded with a binding material or an evaporation residue in the bonding material having an absolute viscosity at 60 ° C. of about 13,000 poise. Sample No. using the material. In No. 6, the non-uniformity of the thickness of the binder is amplified by multilayering, and the aggregate particles in the convex part can be removed relatively easily when attempting to peel off at the tip of the spatula. It was. Further, in the concave portion, the amount of the binding material is too large, and if it is left as it is, there is a risk of causing a flash phenomenon when the vehicle is actually used for traffic. In addition, only in the surface treatment layer of the second layer, Sample No. using a binder having an absolute viscosity of about 13,000 poise at 60 ° C. of the evaporation residue. Also in No. 7, the binder had a tendency to flow into and stay in the recesses of the spreading surface due to the action of gravity after spraying, and a non-negligible thickness of the binder was observed between the projections and the recesses. On the other hand, sample No. 1 using a binder having an absolute viscosity of about 13,000 poise at 60 ° C. only for the first surface treatment layer. 8 and no. 10, a slightly good result was obtained, which is presumed to be because the unevenness of the road surface was leveled to some extent by the low-viscosity binder dispersed when the first surface treatment layer was constructed. The
[0118]
In addition, in both the first surface treatment layer and the second surface treatment layer, sample No. 1 using a binder having an absolute viscosity of about 15000 poise or more at 60 ° C. of the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder. 9 and no. In No. 11, a uniform binder distribution was observed, and the most preferable result was obtained. Attempts were made to peel the aggregate particles in the convex and concave portions with the tip of the spatula, but they were so firmly bonded that they could not be easily peeled off. From the above, even in layers other than the lowest layer, if a binder or an evaporation residue in the binder having an absolute viscosity at 60 ° C. of about 15000 poise or more is used as a binder, the construction surface is uneven. Even if it exists, it turned out that a uniform surface treatment layer can be constructed | assembled, without a binder flowing on a construction surface.
[0119]
<Experiment 4> Effect of binder type on strength development time
Using the same binder (heating type binder) as used in Experiment 1, No. 1 in Table 2 was used as the aggregate. A first layer was constructed on a plurality of metal plates in the same manner as in Experiment 1 except that the number of rollings was 3 in the opposite direction using 3 aggregates. Subsequently, using the binder (room temperature type binder) used in Sample No. 7 in Table 4 as the binder, and using No. 7 crushed stone with a particle size of 2.5-5 mm as the aggregate, 1.0 (l / m ³ ), And the number of aggregate particles used was 100, and the number of rolling operations was 10 times in the opposite direction, respectively. Layer built. Subsequently, a first layer and a second layer were constructed on a plurality of metal plates in exactly the same manner except that the types of binders used in the first layer and the second layer were reversed. Further, the first layer and the second layer are formed on the plurality of metal plates in exactly the same manner except that both of the types of binder used in the first layer and the second layer are heating type binders or room temperature type binders. Two layers were constructed.
[0120]
Strict time management was performed in the construction of each layer, the construction of the first layer was performed in 3 minutes, the construction of the second layer was conducted in 5 minutes, and the construction work was completed in a total of 8 minutes. After completion of the construction work, after various curing times, with the metal plate held horizontally with the aggregate adhering surface down, an iron ball with a diameter of 50 mm and a weight of 500 g was applied three times within 10 seconds. And dropped in the center of the metal plate. The number of aggregate particles that fell off the metal plate due to the fall of the iron ball was counted as c. The adhesion rate (%) was calculated as adhesion rate (%) = {(90 + 100−c) / (90 + 100)} × 100. Each sample was tested three times and the results were averaged. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0121]
[Table 5]

[0122]
As is apparent from the results in Table 5, when a heating type binder is used for the first layer, which is the lowermost layer, and a room temperature type binder is used for the second layer, which is the uppermost layer, the curing time An adhesion rate of about 96% was obtained in 1 hour, but conversely, a room temperature type binder was used for the first layer as the lowermost layer, and the second layer as the uppermost layer was heated. In the case of using a binder of the mold, only an adhesion rate of about 82% can be obtained with an curing time of 1 hour, and an adhesion rate of about 93% has been obtained with a curing time of 2 hours. This indicates that curing time is required. Similar results are seen when both the bottom and top layers use heating type binders, and when the bottom and top layers use room temperature type binders. When a heating type binder is used and a room temperature type binder is used for the uppermost layer, the shortest curing time is almost satisfactory. That is, it has been found that this combination of binders is extremely effective in shortening the curing time and opening traffic in a shorter time.
[0123]
<Experiment 5> Influence of the properties of the binder on the bond strength with the road surface
In order to investigate the influence of the properties of the binder or the evaporation residue in the binder on the durability of the sprayed surface treatment layer to be constructed, the evaporation residue in the binder has various properties as shown in Table 6. Ten types of anionic asphalt emulsions were prepared, and the adhesion test described below was carried out in accordance with the Viarit adhesion test method. As the aggregate, No. 1 used in Experiment 1 was used. Three aggregate samples were prepared and dried and allowed to stand under the conditions specified in the Viarit adhesion test method. On the other hand, as a decomposition aid, a 10 w / w% aqueous solution of alkyldiamine acetate (trade name “cation DTA”, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) is prepared, and by weight ratio, the amount of active ingredient in the decomposition aid aqueous solution ) / (Evaporation residue in asphalt emulsion) = 0.3 / 100.
[0124]
On the other hand, a metal plate having a thickness of 2 mm and a size of 200 × 200 mm is prepared for the number of samples, and each of the 10 types of anionic asphalt emulsions separately prepared as a binder and the decomposition aid are in a flat shape. 1.1 (liter / m) while colliding in the air using a spray nozzle ² ). The scattering height H of the binding material was 50 cm, and the collision position between the binding material and the decomposition aid was 30 cm from the spraying surface, that is, (3/5) H. Subsequently, the aggregate was spread on the spreading surface of the binder and decomposition aid, and the adhesion rate was determined in the same procedure as in Experiment 1. The adhesion rate (%) was calculated as adhesion rate (%) = {(90−ad) / 90} × 100. It was evaluated that those having an adhesion rate of 80% or more were satisfactory, those having an adhesion rate of 85% or more were more satisfactory, and those having an adhesion rate of 90% or more were further satisfactory. Furthermore, a sample in which aggregate was dispersed on 10 types of anionic asphalt emulsions was prepared in the same manner except that the decomposition auxiliary agent was not sprayed, and the adhesion rate was determined by testing in the same manner. The results are also shown in Table 6.
[0125]
[Table 6]

[0126]
As is apparent from Table 6, when the asphalt emulsion as a binder and a decomposition aid are collided in the air, the physical properties of the evaporation residue in the anionic asphalt emulsion as a binder are determined by the penetration. 50 (1/10 mm) or more, 150 (1/10 mm) or less, softening point of 50 ° C. or more, 120 ° C. or less, toughness at 25 ° C. of 70 kgf · cm or more, 320 kgf · cm or less, tenacity at 25 ° C. of 30 kgf · cm As described above, satisfactory results with an adhesion rate of 80% or more were obtained at 300 kgf · cm or less. In addition, the adhesion rate is 85% or more when the penetration is 70 to 125 (1/10 mm), the softening point is 55 to 100 ° C., the toughness is 90 to 250 kgf · cm, and the tenacity is 50 to 220 kgf · cm. As a result, asphalt emulsions D and E having a penetration of 90 to 120 (1/10 mm), a softening point of 60 to 80 ° C., a toughness of 100 to 200 kgf · cm, and a tenacity of 70 to 180 kgf · cm As a result, an adhesion rate of 90% or more was obtained. However, when Emulsion I with a softening point of 120 ° C. was obtained, the asphalt content obtained by decomposing the asphalt emulsion became somewhat soft, the waist decreased somewhat, and the adhesion rate tended to decrease slightly. Further, the asphalt emulsion J having a higher softening point, a softening point of 150 ° C., a penetration of 40 (1/10 mm), a toughness of 360 kgf · cm, and a tenacity of 350 kgf · cm is obtained by decomposing the asphalt emulsion. The asphalt content became soft and the waist weakened, and the adhesion rate further decreased. On the other hand, almost the same results were obtained when no decomposition aid was used, but the overall adhesion rate was lower than when the decomposition aid was used.
[0127]
<Experiment 6> Effect of Viscosity of Asphalt Emulsion as Normal Temperature Type Binder on Uniformity of Surface Treatment Layer
In order to investigate the effect of the viscosity of the asphalt emulsion, which is a normal temperature type binder, on the uniformity of the surface treatment layer, No. 1 in Table 3 in which the first surface treatment layer was constructed in Experiment 2 was used. No. 7 crushed stone having a particle size of 2.5-5 mm and an anionic asphalt emulsion having various values of viscosity at 20 ° C. were used on the experimental pavement of No. 2, and the application amount was asphalt emulsion 1.0. (Liter / m ² ), Aggregate 5.0 (liter / m ² The second surface treatment layer was constructed by the same construction method as in Experiment 2 except that (1) was used. After curing, as in Experiment 2, the experimental pavement was cut with a cutter, and the thickness of the binder layer formed by decomposing the asphalt emulsion at the bottom of the concave portion and the top of the convex portion was measured. The results are shown in Table 7 together with the type of binder used.
[0128]
[Table 7]

[0129]
As is clear from the results in Table 7, asphalt emulsions having a viscosity at 20 ° C. of 19 centipoise and 32 centipoise tend to flow into and stay in the recesses of the surface treatment layer already constructed by the action of gravity after spraying, On the top of the convex portion of the surface treatment layer, the average thickness of the binder layer formed by the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion is as thin as about 0.7 mm to 0.8 mm. Conversely, at the bottom of the concave portion of the surface treatment layer, On average, a thick binder layer of 1.3 mm to 1.1 mm was formed. Aggregate grains in the convex part could be removed relatively easily when an attempt was made to peel off at the tip of a spatula. Further, in the concave portion, the amount of the binding material is too large, and if it is left as it is, there is a risk of causing a flash phenomenon when the vehicle is actually used for traffic.
[0130]
On the other hand, when the viscosity at 20 ° C. is about 40 centipoise or more, the flow of the asphalt emulsion is suppressed, and the thickness of the binder layer formed by the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion at the bottom of the concave portion of the surface treatment layer and the top of the convex portion is There is not much difference. Attempts were made to peel the aggregate particles in the convex and concave portions with the tip of the spatula, but they were so firmly bonded that they could not be easily peeled off. From the above, if an asphalt emulsion having a viscosity at 20 ° C. of about 40 centipoise or more is used, the binder does not flow on the road surface or the surface treatment layer even if the road surface or the surface treatment layer is uneven. It was found that a uniform surface treatment layer can be constructed.
[0131]
<Experiment 7> Effect of type of binder and amount of decomposition aid on film formation time
Anionic asphalt emulsion (trade name “Sampisol A”, manufactured by Nichireki Co., Ltd.) is used as the binder, and the same decomposition auxiliary agent used in Experiment 5 is used. The evaporation residue of the anionic asphalt emulsion is 100 wt. While changing the amount of the active ingredient in the decomposition aid aqueous solution with respect to the part to various ratios, both were collided in the air as in Experiment 5 and dispersed on a 30 cm × 30 cm × 5 cm asphalt concrete board. After spraying, at various curing times, it was observed whether the sprayed surface changed from brown to black and a decomposition film of an anionic asphalt emulsion was formed. Further, as a binder, a general-purpose asphalt emulsion pk-4 for tack coating (manufactured by Nichireki Co., Ltd.) is used, and a decomposition film is formed on the spray surface in the same manner except that no decomposition aid is used. The presence or absence was observed as a control. The test temperature was 20 ° C.
[0132]
The physical properties of the binder used are as follows.
Anionic asphalt emulsion (trade name “Sampisol A”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Evaporation residue: 67.5 (%)
Penetration of evaporation residue: 87 (1/10 mm)
Softening point of evaporation residue: 74 (° C)
Toughness of the evaporation residue at 25 ° C .: 175 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity of evaporation residue at 25 ° C .: 160 (kgf · cm)
Absolute viscosity of evaporation residue at 60 ° C .: 18000 (Poise)
Viscosity at 20 ° C .: 62 (centipoise)
General-purpose asphalt emulsion pk-4 (made by Nichireki Co., Ltd.) for tack coat
Evaporation residue: 51 (%)
Penetration of evaporation residue: 62 (1/10 mm)
Softening point of evaporation residue: 46 (° C)
Toughness of the evaporation residue at 25 ° C .: 35 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity of evaporation residue at 25 ° C .: 5 (kgf · cm)
Absolute viscosity of evaporation residue at 60 ° C .: 2000 (Poise)
[0133]
The results are shown in Table 8. In Table 8, ◯ marks indicate that film formation was observed, and X marks indicate that film formation was not observed.
[0134]
[Table 8]

[0135]
As is apparent from the results in Table 8, when the decomposition aid is used in an amount of active ingredient in an aqueous solution of 0.05 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the evaporation residue of the anionic asphalt emulsion, It can be seen that the time to film is remarkably shortened and the decomposition and hardening of the asphalt emulsion are remarkably accelerated. An anionic asphalt emulsion whose evaporation residue satisfies the characteristics a) to d) defined in the present invention can be used even when a decomposition aid is not used, as compared with a conventional tack coat asphalt emulsion as a control. , Decomposition and curing time was short.
[0136]
<Experiment 8> Effect of type of decomposition aid on film formation time and adhesion
The same anionic asphalt emulsion used in Experiment 7 (trade name “Sampisol A”, manufactured by Nichireki Co., Ltd.) was used as the binder, and various types of decomposition aids were used. While colliding both in the air, it was sprayed on a 30 cm × 30 cm × 5 cm asphalt concrete board. After spraying, in the same manner as in Experiment 7, it was observed whether the asphalt emulsion decomposition film was formed by changing the spray surface from brown to black at various curing times. However, the experiment was carried out with the amount of the active ingredient in the aqueous decomposition aid solution fixed to 0.3 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the evaporation residue of the asphalt emulsion used. In addition, the same test was carried out using only asphalt emulsion without using a decomposition auxiliary agent as a control.
[0137]
At the same time, the effect of the difference in decomposition aids on the adhesion rate was the same as in Experiment 5, except that the asphalt emulsion as a binder and the decomposition aid were combined in the same manner as described above, and the curing time was changed variously. Examined. However, the experiment was carried out with the amount of the active ingredient in the aqueous decomposition aid solution fixed to 0.3 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the evaporation residue of the asphalt emulsion used. In addition, the same test was carried out using only asphalt emulsion without using a decomposition auxiliary agent as a control. Table 9 shows the observation results of the presence or absence of film formation and the determination results of the adhesion rate.
[0138]
[Table 9]

[0139]
As is apparent from the results in Table 9, among the various decomposition aids tested, alkylamine surfactant acetates such as alkyl monoamine acetates and alkyldiamine acetates, and alkyl quaternary ammonium salts are: The film formation time and adhesion were excellent, and among them, alkyldiamine acetate was the most excellent.
[0140]
A similar test was conducted using a cationic asphalt emulsion (trade name “Sampisol K”, manufactured by Nichireki Co., Ltd.). Alkylbenzene sulfonates such as ammonium, sodium alkylmethyl taurate, di-octyl sulfo-succinate soda are excellent in both film formation time and adhesion. Among them, alkylbenzene sulfonate sodium, alkylbenzene sulfone The results showed that alkylbenzene sulfonates such as ammonium acid salt were good, and that sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate was the best. The physical properties of the used cationic asphalt emulsion are as follows.
Cationic asphalt emulsion (trade name “Sampisol K”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Evaporation residue: 68 (%)
Evaporation residue penetration: 98 (1/10 mm)
Softening point of evaporation residue: 67 (° C)
Toughness of the evaporation residue at 25 ° C .: 180 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity of evaporation residue at 25 ° C .: 160 (kgf · cm)
Absolute viscosity of evaporation residue at 60 ° C .: 18500 (poise)
Viscosity at 20 ° C .: 41 (centipoise)
[0141]
<Experiment 9> Effect of spraying form of binder and decomposition aid on film-forming time and deposition rate The same anionic asphalt emulsion used in Experiment 7 (trade name “Sampisol A”, Nichireki Co., Ltd.) As a decomposition aid, a 10 w / w% aqueous solution of the same alkyldiamine acetate (trade name “Cation DTA”, manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.) used in Experiment 5 was used as the decomposition aid. Except for various changes, the presence or absence of film formation and the adhesion rate at various curing times were examined in the same manner as in Experiment 8. However, the experiment was conducted by fixing the amount of the active ingredient in the aqueous decomposition aid solution to 100 parts by weight of the evaporation residue of the anionic asphalt emulsion at 0.3 parts by weight.
[0142]
The spraying form was changed as follows. The spreading height H of the binder was 50 cm from the spreading surface as in Experiment 5.
(1) After asphalt emulsion is sprayed, decomposition aid is sprayed on the spray surface.
(2) After spraying the decomposition aid, spray the asphalt emulsion on the spray surface.
(3) Scattering both at the same time so that the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid collide on the spray surface (impact height H _Y = 0)
(4) Scattering both asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid simultaneously so that they collide in the air on the spraying surface (impact height H _Y = (1/5) H)
(5) Asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid are simultaneously sprayed so that they collide in the air on the spray surface (impact height H _Y = (2/5) H)
(6) Scattering both at the same time so that the asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid collide in the air on the spray surface (impact height H _Y = (3/5) H)
(7) Scattering both asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid at the same time so that they collide in the air on the spray surface (impact height H _Y = (4/5) H)
[0143]
The results are shown in Table 10.
[0144]
[Table 10]

[0145]
As can be seen from the results in Table 10, asphalt emulsion and decomposition aid are sprayed at the same time as compared to the spray modes of (1) and (2). The spraying forms of (3) to (7) were superior in both the film forming time and the deposition rate, but the spraying form of (3) in which the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are collided on the spraying surface. Rather, better results were obtained with the spray forms (4) to (7) in which the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid were collided in the air. Further, among the spraying forms (4) to (7) in which the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid are collided in the air, the collision height H _Y Is (2/5) H or (3/5) H than (4) is (1/5) H or (7) is (4/5) H (5) And the case of (6) is particularly superior, and it can be seen that the collision height in the range of (1/4) H to (3/4) H is good even in the case of collision in the air.
[0146]
In addition, for each sample with a curing time of 30 minutes in which film formation was observed, the film formation layer was partially broken with the tip of a spatula and the internal state was examined. The boundary surface with the decomposition aid was film-formed, but the road surface side portion of the asphalt emulsion was still in the state before film formation. Similarly, in the sample with the spray form (2), the boundary surface between the asphalt emulsion and the decomposition aid was formed into a film, but moisture still remained on the road surface side portion of the decomposition aid. On the other hand, uniform film formation was observed in the samples having the spray forms (3) to (7).
[0147]
A similar test was performed using a cationic asphalt emulsion (trade name “Sampisol K”, manufactured by Nichireki Co., Ltd.), and similar results were obtained.
[0148]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is further demonstrated using an Example, of course, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0149]
<Example 1>
In the work vehicle as shown in FIG. 4 using the following materials, the multi-layer type spray type surface of the present invention is experimentally used with a work vehicle provided with a dispersal agent spray device in the vicinity of the binding material spray device. A treatment method was constructed. The construction speed of the work vehicle was about 5 km / h. The height from the road surface to the spray nozzle of the binding material is 50 cm, and in the construction of the second layer, the spray for the decomposition aid so that the decomposition aid collides with the binding material at a position 30 cm from the road surface. The position and angle of the nozzle were adjusted. In the construction of the first layer, the aggregate was sprayed immediately after spraying the binder, and in the construction of the second layer, the aggregate was sprayed immediately after spraying the binder and the decomposition aid. In both the first layer and the second layer, the aggregate application surface was lightly rolled with a vibrating roller after the aggregate application. Although the construction road surface was dug up to a maximum depth of about 15 mm, a uniform surface treatment layer could be constructed without the binder flowing. Immediately after the construction of the second layer, the heavy-duty vehicle was passed 30 times on a trial basis, but no aggregates were scattered.
[0150]
Aggregate (first layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 5-8mm
Pre-coated with 0.5% straight asphalt
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 0.7 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (first layer)
Modified asphalt (trade name “Gumphalt S-SP”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Absolute viscosity at 60 ° C: 19500 poise
Needle penetration 55 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point 67 (℃)
Toughness 172 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity 156 (kgf · cm)
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 100 (l / 100m ² )
[0151]
Aggregate (second layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 2.5-5mm
Spraying temperature: normal temperature (18 ℃)
Application amount: 0.4 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (second layer)
Special asphalt emulsion (trade name “Sampisol A”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Absolute viscosity of evaporation residue at 60 ° C .: 18000 poise
Evaporation residue 67.5% by weight
Evaporation residue penetration 87 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point of evaporation residue 74 (° C)
Toughness of evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 175 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity of evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 160 (kgf · cm)
Viscosity at 25 ° C 62 (centipoise)
Spraying temperature: heating (70 ° C)
Application amount: 90 (l / 100m ² )
Decomposition aid (second layer)
"Cation DTA" (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd.)
Use amount of decomposition aid 0.3 parts by weight of active ingredient per 100 parts by weight of evaporation residue of asphalt emulsion
[0152]
<Example 2>
The multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention was experimentally applied in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following materials were used and the surface treatment layer was constructed in three layers. Some cracks having a width of 10 mm or less were present on the construction road surface, but they were completely covered by the constructed surface treatment layer. The constructed surface treatment layer was uniform and it was difficult to peel off the aggregate particles with the tip of the driver. Immediately after construction, the heavy-duty loaded vehicle was passed 30 times on a trial basis, but no aggregates were scattered.
[0153]
Aggregate (first layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 10-16mm
Pre-coated with 1.0% by weight straight asphalt
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 2.0 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (first layer)
Modified asphalt (trade name “Gumphalt S-SP”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Absolute viscosity at 60 ° C: 19500 poise
Needle penetration 55 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point 67 (℃)
Toughness 172 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity 156 (kgf · cm)
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 100 (l / 100m ² )
[0154]
Aggregate (second layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 5-8mm
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 0.9 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (second layer)
Modified asphalt (trade name “Gumphalt S-SP”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Absolute viscosity at 60 ° C: 19500 poise
Needle penetration 55 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point 67 (℃)
Toughness 172 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity 156 (kgf · cm)
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 170 (l / 100m ² )
[0155]
Aggregate (3rd layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 2.5-5mm
Spraying temperature: normal temperature (18 ℃)
Application amount: 0.4 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (third layer)
Special asphalt emulsion (trade name “Sampisol A”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Absolute viscosity of evaporation residue at 60 ° C .: 18000 poise
Evaporation residue 67.5% by weight
Evaporation residue penetration 87 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point of evaporation residue 74 (° C)
Toughness of evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 175 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity of evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 160 (kgf · cm)
Viscosity at 25 ° C 62 (centipoise)
Spraying temperature: heating (70 ° C)
Application amount: 90 (l / 100m ² )
Decomposition aid (third layer)
"Cation DTA" (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd.)
Use amount of decomposition aid 0.3 parts by weight of active ingredient per 100 parts by weight of evaporation residue of asphalt emulsion
[0156]
<Example 3>
The work vehicle shown in FIG. 5 was carried out except that the fiber material was sprayed immediately after spraying of the lowermost heating-type binder using a work vehicle provided with a spraying device for the decomposition aid in the vicinity of the binder spraying device. As in Example 1, the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention was experimentally applied. Immediately after the construction, the heavy-duty loaded vehicle was passed 30 times on a trial basis, but no aggregates were scattered. The surface treatment layer thus constructed was uniform, and it was extremely difficult to remove the aggregate particles with the tip of the driver. The fiber materials used were as follows.
[0157]
Textile material
Polyester fiber (100 denier, 48 filaments manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)
Fiber length: 20mm
Application rate: 90 (g / m ² )
[0158]
<Comparative example 1>
A surface treatment layer was constructed on the road surface adjacent to Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following materials were used and no decomposition aid was used in the construction of the second layer. Immediately after the construction, the heavy-duty loaded vehicle was passed 30 times on a trial basis. As a result, a large amount of aggregate was observed on the vehicle tires, and bleeding of the binding material was observed in the ridges and the road surface recesses.
[0159]
Aggregate (first layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 5-13mm
Pre-coated with 0.5% straight asphalt
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 1.1 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (first layer)
Experimental modified asphalt A
Absolute viscosity at 60 ° C: 8000 poise
Needle penetration 59 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point 45 (℃)
Toughness 58 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity 26 (kgf · cm)
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 110 (l / 100m ² )
[0160]
Aggregate (second layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 2.5-5mm
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 0.4 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (second layer)
Experimental modified asphalt A
Absolute viscosity at 60 ° C: 8000 poise
Needle penetration 59 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point 45 (℃)
Toughness 58 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity 26 (kgf · cm)
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 90 (l / 100m ² )
[0161]
<Comparative example 2>
A surface treatment layer was constructed on the road surface adjacent to Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the following materials were used and no decomposition aid was used. Immediately after the construction, the heavy-duty loaded vehicle was passed 30 times on a trial basis. As a result, a large amount of aggregate was observed on the vehicle tires, and bleeding of the binding material was observed in the buttocks.
[0162]
Aggregate (first layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 13-20mm
Pre-coated with 1.0% by weight straight asphalt
Spraying temperature: normal temperature (18 ℃)
Application amount: 2.0 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (first layer)
Experimental modified asphalt emulsion B
Absolute viscosity of evaporation residue at 60 ° C .: 13,000 poise
Evaporation residue 66% by weight
Evaporation residue penetration 47 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point of evaporation residue 52 (℃)
Toughness of the evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 95 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity of evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 64 (kgf · cm)
Viscosity at 25 ° C 35 (centipoise)
Spraying temperature: heating (50 ° C)
Application amount: 110 (l / 100m ² )
[0163]
Aggregate (second layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 5-13mm
Spraying temperature: normal temperature (18 ℃)
Application amount: 0.9 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (second layer)
Experimental modified asphalt emulsion B
Absolute viscosity of evaporation residue at 60 ° C .: 13,000 poise
Evaporation residue 66% by weight
Evaporation residue penetration 47 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point of evaporation residue 52 (℃)
Toughness of the evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 95 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity of evaporation residue at 25 ° C. 64 (kgf · cm)
Viscosity at 25 ° C 35 (centipoise)
Spraying temperature: heating (50 ° C)
Application amount: 180 (l / 100m ² )
[0164]
Aggregate (3rd layer)
Crushed stone (Kuzu production in Tochigi Prefecture)
Particle size: 2.5-5mm
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 0.4 (m ³ / 100m ² )
Binder (third layer)
Modified asphalt (trade name “Gumphalt S-SP”, manufactured by Nichireki Corporation)
Absolute viscosity at 60 ° C: 19500 poise
Needle penetration 55 (1 / 10mm)
Softening point 67 (℃)
Toughness 172 (kgf · cm)
Tenacity 156 (kgf · cm)
Spraying temperature: Heating (180 ° C)
Application amount: 110 (l / 100m ² )
[0165]
<Example 4>
Using the same work vehicle and the same material as in Example 1 on the existing pavement where there are many tortoiseshell-shaped breakage points where cracks of 5 mm or more are densely packed, two surface treatment layers as in Example 1 Built. After the construction, a half-day curing period was applied, and an asphalt emulsion (“Cathizole CPE-4”, manufactured by Nichireki Co., Ltd.) was applied as a tack coat on the constructed surface treatment layer with an engine sprayer of 0.5 (l / m). ² ). Next, on the tack coat, a dense particle size asphalt mixture heated to 150 ° C. was paved to a thickness of 5 cm using an asphalt finisher. After paving, the pavement surface was subjected to primary rolling with a Macadam roller, secondary rolling with a tire roller, and then sufficiently finished with a Macadam roller. The paved asphalt mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then a heavy-duty loaded vehicle was passed 50 times on the paved surface, but there was no change on the paved surface of the top-layer dense-graded asphalt mixture. It was. This means that the surface treatment layer constructed by the spray-type surface treatment method prevents the propagation of the turtle shell cracks existing on the existing pavement surface to the uppermost layer of the pavement and functions effectively as a ridge layer. It is shown.
[0166]
<Comparative Example 3>
A dense asphalt mixture was applied on the existing pavement where there were many turtle-shell-shaped damaged parts where cracks with a width of 5 mm or more were concentrated, except that two surface treatment layers were not constructed. Paved in the same manner as in Example 4. After allowing the paved asphalt mixture to cool to room temperature and passing a heavy-duty loaded vehicle 50 times on the paved surface, a crack appears on the paved surface of the uppermost dense asphalt mixture. Several locations were observed.
[0167]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the multilayer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention uses a heating type binder for the lowermost layer and a room temperature type binder for the uppermost layer. As a result, the time to strength development is short, and traffic can be opened in a short time after construction. In addition, as the binder, a binder or an evaporation residue in the binder having an absolute viscosity at 60 ° C. of about 15000 poise or more is used. It is possible to build a uniform and highly durable surface treatment layer that does not flow darkly, does not cause excess or shortage of binder depending on the location, and does not cause flash phenomenon. it can. Furthermore, by using an aggregate with a regulated particle size as at least the lowest layer aggregate, the bondability between the road surface and the aggregate will increase, and a stable and durable sprayed surface treatment layer will be constructed. Can do.
[0168]
In addition, when a bonding material or a bonding material in which the evaporation residue in the bonding material has predetermined characteristics is used as the bonding material, the adhesion to the road surface or the surface treatment layer of the aggregate is increased, and it is strong and durable. It is possible to construct a stable surface treatment layer rich in. Furthermore, when an asphalt emulsion is used as a normal temperature type binder and a decomposition aid that accelerates its decomposition is used, the decomposition and solidification of the asphalt emulsion is accelerated, and the surface treatment layer is stable and rich in durability. Can be constructed in a shorter time.
[0169]
The multi-layer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention can spread or level the fiber material simultaneously with or before and after the binder as necessary. It is possible to construct an excellent surface treatment layer. The multi-layer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention is a surface treatment layer that is constructed with higher uniformity, durability, and stability by being constructed using a specific work vehicle as disclosed in this specification. As a result, it is an extremely useful and excellent invention together with the paving body of the present invention having the surface treatment layer to be constructed. In addition, the multi-layer spray type surface treatment method of the present invention selects the aggregate to be used for the uppermost layer, and uses a colored one, one having light reflectivity, glitter, fluorescence or phosphorescence. Thus, color pavement, light-reflective pavement, light-emitting pavement and the like can be realized very easily. The present invention is effective not only for repairing existing road surfaces, but also for new road surfaces, and the paving body constructed by the sprayed surface treatment method of the present invention further paved the paving mixture. It is also possible to function as an eaves layer and / or a buffer layer at the time, and this brings new possibilities to the technical field.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a spraying type surface treatment method.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a work vehicle used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing another example of a work vehicle used in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing still another example of the work vehicle used in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view showing still another example of the work vehicle used in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which an asphalt emulsion and a decomposition aid are sprayed before and after.
FIG. 7 is a front view showing an example of a bonding material spraying device used in the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an example of a binder spraying device used in the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a side view showing a positional relationship between a binder spraying device and a decomposition aid spraying device used in the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between a binder spraying device and a decomposition aid spraying device used in the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 road surface
2a, 2b binder
3a, 3b aggregate
4a, 4b Scattered aggregate
5 work vehicles
6a, 6b Front and rear wheels of work vehicles
7,23 Spray nozzle
8 Aggregate bin
9 Loading socket
10 Transport pump
11, 22 Spray bar
12 Aggregate transport vehicle
13 Aggregate spreading width adjustment door
14 Aggregate discharging roll
15 Support arm
16 Push roller
17 engine
18 Binder storage tank
19 Water tank
20 mounting table
21 Primer tank
24 work steps
25 Heating device
26 Energy sources
27 Aggregate hopper
28 Conveyor
29 Fiber material storage device
30 Textile material
31 nozzles
32 Short fiber
33 Sheet-like fiber material storage device
34 Sheet fiber material
35 Delivery device
36 Pressing roller
37 Asphalt emulsion
38, 42 Decomposition aid
39 Curing layer
40 Spray bar for decomposition aids
41 Spray nozzle for decomposition aid
α Spray angle of spray nozzle
β Spray nozzle mounting angle

Claims (12)

  In the multi-layer spraying surface treatment method that constructs multiple surface treatment layers on the road surface by repeating the work of spraying the binder and spraying the aggregates at least twice, the binder used at least for the lowest layer Is a multi-layer spraying surface treatment method in which the heating type binder is used, and the binder used for at least the uppermost layer is a room temperature type binder. As a binder, the binder or the multilayered spray type surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the absolute viscosity to use more binder 1 5000 poises at 60 ° C. of evaporation residue of the binder in the. The multi-layer spray type surface treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bonding material or a bonding material in which the evaporation residue in the bonding material has the characteristics shown in the following a) to d) is used;
a) The penetration is 50 to 150 (1/10 mm),
b) a softening point of 50 to 120 ° C.,
c) Toughness at 25 ° C. of 70 to 320 kgf · cm,
d) Tenacity at 25 ° C. is 30 to 300 kgf · cm.   The multilayer spray type surface treatment method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the room temperature type binder is an asphalt emulsion. The multilayer spray type surface treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the asphalt emulsion which is a room temperature type binder has a viscosity at 20 ° C of 40 centipoise or more.   6. The multi-layer spraying surface treatment method according to claim 4 or 5, comprising a step of spraying a decomposition aid that accelerates the decomposition of the asphalt emulsion, which is a room temperature type binder, at the same time as or before or after the asphalt emulsion.   As the aggregate used for the lowest layer, if the minimum particle size of the aggregate is less than 10 mm in the nominal size of the sieve opening, the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is the nominal size of the sieve opening. When the aggregate is 2 mm or more and less than 5 mm, and the minimum particle size is 10 mm or more in the nominal size of the sieve opening, the difference between the minimum particle size and the maximum particle size is the nominal size of the sieve opening. The multilayer spray type surface treatment method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein an aggregate of more than 3 mm and 6 mm or less is used.   The multi-layer spraying surface treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fiber material is sprayed or spread simultaneously with or before or after the binder.   The multilayer spray type surface treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aggregate used for the uppermost layer is a colored aggregate.   The multilayer spray type surface treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aggregate used in the uppermost layer is a light reflecting, glittering, fluorescent or phosphorescent aggregate.   11. The aggregate is sprayed at a substantially constant time interval after the binding material is sprayed using a work vehicle including at least one set of the binder spraying device and the aggregate spraying device. The multilayer spray type surface treatment method according to any one of the above.   A method for constructing a paving body, further comprising a step of paving a paving mixture on the paving body constructed by the multilayer spray type surface treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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