JP4187225B2 - Tip closing pile and excavation head for tip closing pile construction - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a tip closing pile that is penetrated into the ground by press-fitting with rotation, and a tip closing pile constituting excavation head constituting a part thereof.

  For example, when constructing a structure such as a low-rise building such as a wooden house on a ground with low bearing capacity such as a landfill or embankment, it is necessary to It is necessary to place, press-fit, or construct a pile that reaches the support layer, or a pile that obtains a support force by frictional force with the ground in the ground.

  When an off-the-shelf pile is used as the pile, the pile is inserted into the ground mainly by rotary press-fitting from the viewpoint of reducing the influence on nearby areas such as vibration and noise. In order to reduce the amount of soil discharged during excavation, the use of an open-ended pile is suitable, but when the purpose is to increase the ground support capacity after penetrating the pile, the pile body is supported at the tip. A closed end pile that can obtain force is suitable.

  In the case of a pile with a closed end, the plate that closes the tip at the time of penetration receives direct resistance from the ground, so it is indispensable to project guide vanes on the outer periphery of the pile body to help penetration (Patent) References 1-4). The guide wings on the outer periphery of the pile body are projected for the purpose of encouraging penetration into the ground during rotation when the pile body penetrates, while the excavating blade at the tip of the pile body is projected to cut the ground Therefore, since the guide blade and the excavation blade have different functions, they are often provided independently and separately.

  When the guide blade and the excavating blade are separated and projected in this way, the excavating blade and the guide blade become discontinuous, so the earth and sand cut by the excavating blade are applied to the guide blade and the tip of the pile body (hole bottom) It cannot be removed from the pile body around the hole body (hole wall) and pressed against the hole wall. If the excavated earth and sand remain at the bottom of the hole, the earth and sand easily adheres to the excavating blade and hinders excavation by the excavating blade, which causes a decrease in excavation efficiency. Since the guide blade enters the ground while cutting the ground around the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade, it does not originally have a function to exclude the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade.

  On the other hand, if the guide blades are projected so as to be continuous with the excavating blade, the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade is pushed up to the peripheral surface of the pile body using the guide blades and removed from the hole bottom. It is considered that it cannot be done (see Patent Documents 5 and 6).

  In Patent Document 5, by forming the pile digging blade 4 so that the tip (lower end) of the spiral pile digging blade 4 on the outer peripheral surface of the pile body 2 is continuous with the digging blade 5 protruding from the tip of the pile body 2 (Claim 2, FIG. 1, FIG. 3) is intended to guide the earth and sand excavated by the tip of the excavation blade 5 from the top to the pile excavation blade 4 and exclude it from the bottom of the hole (paragraph 0036).

  However, the pipe closing wall 52 that closes the open end face of the hollow pile body is fixed inside the pile body, and the excavation blade 5 is formed at the lower end of the pipe closing wall 52 (paragraph). 2), the end face of the pile body is not completely closed at the tip position. Therefore, since the excavation blade 5 guides the excavated earth and sand to the pipe closing wall 52 and fills the space from the pipe closing wall 52 to the pile body tip (paragraph 0030), the earth and sand are piled from the bottom of the hole to the pile. It cannot be said that it can be effectively excluded on the outer periphery of the main body.

  In Patent Document 5, since the tip of the pile body is fixed to the bulb of the soil cement (paragraph 0030), the sand and sand is actively entered into the space below the pipe blocking wall 52, so It is not intended that no earth or sand will enter. Since the earth and sand are taken into the inside of the pile body, the earth and sand are at least removed from the bottom of the hole, but are not pressed against the hole wall, so the earth and sand are not used for stabilizing the hole wall.

  Moreover, as long as the spiral blade | wing projected on the outer peripheral surface of a pile main body is plate shape like patent documents 1-5, even if some earth and sand are induced | guided | derived from a drilling blade to a spiral blade, Since it falls to the bottom of the hole when it reaches the upper end of the spiral blade, the earth and sand is only temporarily removed from the bottom of the hole.

  When the spiral blade is continuously formed from the tip position of the pile body to the peripheral surface as in Patent Document 6, and the excavation claw is protruded at the tip (lower end), the earth and sand excavated by the excavation blade is removed by the spiral blade. It is also possible to discharge to the peripheral surface side of the pile body. However, since the amount of earth and sand that the spiral blade can take in from the tip position of the pile body is determined by the radial distance from the peripheral surface of the pile body to the outer periphery position of the spiral blade, the amount of earth and sand that the spiral blade can exclude from the hole bottom In order to earn, it is necessary to increase the width of the spiral wing itself (the width protruding from the peripheral surface of the pile body).

JP-A-8-209690 (Claim 5, paragraph 0006, FIG. 1, FIG. 5) JP 2001-3357 A (Claim 1, paragraphs 0011 to 0012, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-220661 (Claim 1, paragraph 0013, FIG. 7, FIG. 8) JP 2005-31050 A (Claim 1, paragraph 0008, FIGS. 1 to 3) JP 2002-021067 A (Claim 1, paragraphs 0019 to 0030, 0036, FIGS. 1 to 3) JP 2004-11241 A (FIGS. 3 and 4)

  However, increasing the width of the spiral blade will reduce the ratio of the diameter of the pile body (cross section of the pile body) to the diameter of the drilling hole (cross section of the drilling hole), and loosen the ground around the pile body by excavation accordingly. As a result, the stability of the pile body in the drilling hole is impaired, resulting in a decrease in the pulling force and the resistance to horizontal force.

  From the above background, the present invention increases the amount of earth and sand that can be taken in by the discharge wings (spiral wings) protruding from the outer periphery of the pile body, and does not enlarge the cross section of the drilling hole. We propose a closed-end pile with a function that can be used for stability and a drilling head that forms part of it.

In the closed end pile according to claim 1, a closed plate for closing the distal end is fixed to the front end of the pile main body, and a plurality of excavating blades project from the central portion of the closed plate or the vicinity thereof to the periphery thereof. In the closed tip occlusion pile,
The end surface of the tip end of the pile body is divided into a plurality of sections in the circumferential direction, and the end surface in each section is divided from the front end side of the pile body toward the rear side during rotation of the pile body. An inclination toward the upper end side is attached, and the closing plate is fixed for each of the plurality of sections ,
The plurality of closing plates are joined to the end face of the pile body in a state where they intersect or are in contact with each other at or near the center of the cross section of the pile body,
The excavation blade that closes the gap between the adjacent closing plates protrudes from the portion where the plurality of closing plates are gathered to the edge of the closing plate or the peripheral surface of the pile body,
The depth of the side of the excavating blade facing forward when the pile body rotates is greater than the depth of the side of the excavating blade facing backward . The closing plate is fixed to the pile body by the number of sections in which the tip of the pile body is divided.

.
Although a hollow ready-made pile is mainly used for a pile main body, since the front-end | tip of a pile main body is obstruct | occluded, the pile main body does not necessarily need to be hollow. The reason why the excavating blade protrudes from the vicinity of the central portion other than the central portion of the closing plate is that a discharge port for discharging gas or liquid may be formed in the central portion of the closing plate (claim) Item 3 ).

  When the excavation blade and the discharge blade (spiral blade) are continuous or continuously formed as described above, the region between the discharge blade adjacent to the pile body in the circumferential direction is excavated by the excavation blade. The earth and sand present in the pit tends to rise with respect to the pile body as the pile body is dug while being pushed by the sides of the digging blade and the discharge wing. At this time, since the pile main body rotates about the axis, the earth and sand between the discharge blades are blocked by the front side surface of the discharge blades located on the rear side, and pushed out in the direction of rotation. The amount of the discharge wings blocking and pushing out the earth and sand (scraping up) is larger as the height of the side facing the front side at the time of rotation from the circumferential surface of the pile body (the surface of the closing plate) is larger.

  Therefore, as described in claim 1, the end face of the pile main body has a corrugated shape, a plurality of closing plates are fixed to the pile main body according to the shape, and the plurality of closing plates are inclined. It becomes possible to earn the height from the closing plate on the side facing the front side of the excavation blade and the discharge blade. When the excavation blade and the discharge blade are continuous, a clear boundary may not appear between them, and therefore the excavation blade and the discharge blade are sometimes simply referred to as a blade.

  In claim 1, the end face of the pile body tip is divided into a plurality of sections in the circumferential direction, and the end face of each section is inclined from the front side to the rear side toward the upper end side of the pile body, The end face of the tip has a corrugated shape like a ratchet tooth as shown in FIG. Since the closing plate is fixed for each end face of each section forming this waveform, a plurality of blocks are closed as shown in FIGS. 2- (a) and 3- (b) without the excavation blade and the discharge blade. While the plates meet each other at the center of the cross-section of the pile body, they form different surfaces with steps in the radial direction.

  Regardless of whether the plurality of blocking plates are flat or curved, in the case of a curved surface, the leading end side of the pile body is mainly curved convexly. When the end face of the pile body tip is not divided into a plurality of sections and does not tilt, the end face of the pile body tip has one or more discs, cones, or truncated cones, or one or more The closing plate is fixed.

  Each closing plate is sandwiched between the discharge blade (blade) adjacent to the pile body in the circumferential direction and the closing plate by inclining from the front end side to the upper end side of the pile body from the front side to the rear side during rotation. In the closed region, when the blade is viewed in the thickness direction of the closing plate, the depth (depth) H2 of the side facing forward is larger than the depth H1 of the side facing backward when rotating as shown in FIG. Become. The arrow in FIG. 2- (b) shows the direction of rotation of a pile main body.

  In a drilling hole in which multiple discharge blades are excavated at a certain depth due to rotation of the pile body, the soil existing between adjacent blades moves forward of the discharge blades (blades) located behind them. Pushed to the side facing. Accordingly, in claim 1, the effect of scraping earth and sand by the discharge blades (blades) is increased in comparison with the case where the front side surface and the rear side surface have the same height from the closing plate.

  As described above, the effect of guiding earth and sand onto the discharge blade is greater as the height (depth) from the closing plate on the front side surface of the blade (excavation blade and discharge blade) is larger. Therefore, the greater the inclination angle of each blocking plate with respect to the horizontal, that is, the greater the inclination of the end face of the sectioned pile body tip, the greater the effect of guiding soil and the greater the amount of soil that the blade can carry. The effect of pushing up the discharge blade and pushing it against the hole wall is improved.

  The earth and sand collected by the side of the blade facing the front side during the rotation of the pile body is guided to the side of the pile body as the pile body advances, and moves above the blade (discharge blade) and falls from the upper end of the discharge blade. At the same time as the fall, the surface on the hole wall side of the blade (exhaust blade) that passes through the position works to press against the hole wall, so that most of the earth and sand excavated by the drilling blade will not reach the hole wall before falling to the hole bottom. Consolidated. Here, for example, if a flat bar-shaped plate having a small width to plate thickness is used as the discharge blade, the surface facing the hole wall side of the discharge blade dropped when earth and sand dropped from the upper end of the discharge blade. Since the earth and sand are sandwiched between the hole wall and pressed against the hole wall, the hole wall is consolidated by the excavated earth and sand to ensure stability against collapse.

  When the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade are consolidated into the hole wall, the cross section of the drill hole does not become much larger than the cross section of the pile body, and when the pile body is fixed in the ground and receives a pulling force Since the surrounding hole wall exerts a frictional force with the pile main body and restrains the pile main body, the stability of the pile main body against the pulling out is ensured. Moreover, stability with respect to a fall when a pile main body receives a horizontal force is also ensured because distance is restrained between the surrounding surface of a pile main body, and the surrounding hole wall.

  The soil excavated by the excavating blade is sent onto the discharge wing and pressed against the hole wall, reducing the amount of discharged soil accompanying the excavation of the pile body, and the pile body can be removed without waste even though it is a closed-end pile. It is possible to penetrate. In addition, the stability of the pile is ensured by consolidation of the earth and sand into the hole wall, so in order to stabilize the pile, it is necessary to inject a solidifying agent liquid such as mortar or cement milk into the tip position of the pile body after penetration. Therefore, the generation of industrial waste is avoided when the solidifying agent liquid is not used.

  In the present invention, the pile main body itself can be stabilized in the ground only by penetrating the pile main body into the ground. Therefore, the use of the tip closed pile of the present invention is wide and supports the upper structure such as a building or a steel tower. It is possible to use a closed end pile as a ground anchor (earth anchor) for stabilizing the slope in addition to a support pile for the purpose. When the tip block pile is used as a ground anchor, the diameter (cross section) of the pile body is smaller than when it is used as a support pile. It only has to be installed. When there are two excavating blades and two discharge blades, two closing plates may be joined.

  According to claim 2, the discharge blades that are inclined with respect to the axis of the pile body continuously project from each excavation blade to the outer peripheral surface of the pile body according to claim 1 to project the earth and sand excavated by the excavation blade to the discharge blade. It makes it possible to guide smoothly. “Continuously” means that the excavating blade and the discharging blade are completely continuous, and even when the excavating blade is discontinuous, the excavated blade can place the earth and sand excavated on the discharging blade during excavation. It means to include discontinuities as much as possible.

  The excavating blade protrudes from the central portion of the closing plate and the vicinity thereof to the periphery of the closing plate, and covers a region in which the entire cross section of the tip of the pile body is surrounded on the cross section orthogonal to the axis of the pile body. The discharge blade protrudes from the upper end position of the excavation blade to the peripheral surface of the pile body, and is substantially continuous to the excavation blade, so that it looks like a blade with a single excavation blade and discharge blade. Exhibits the function of excavation and the discharge of sediment to the outer periphery of the pile body. The discharge blade also exerts a function of pressing against the hole wall by rotation on the surface on the hole wall side (facing the hole wall) after dropping the earth and sand rising above as described above. The smaller the angle formed between the excavating blade and the discharge blade, or the discharge blade and the vertical direction (the axis of the pile body), the less the resistance the discharge blade receives during excavation, the better the penetration of the pile body .

  In claim 2, since the excavating blade and the discharge blade are substantially continuous, the side surface of the excavating blade and the side surface of the discharge blade are relative to the pile body as the pile body excavates the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade. Thus, it can be pushed upward and removed to the peripheral surface of the pile body. Since the tip of the pile main body is blocked by the closing plate, the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade does not enter the pile main body, and the pile main body obtains the supporting force for the entire cross section from the ground at the tip position.

  Since the excavated earth and sand do not enter the inside of the pile main body, the earth and sand must go around the outer periphery of the pile main body when the pile main body is excavated. For this reason, earth and sand are taken in by a part of a hole wall by receiving the action pressed against a hole wall from a blade (discharge blade), and are used for protection of a hole wall. If the excavating blade and the discharge blade are not completely continuous (discontinuous), some sediment may leak from the discontinuous part, but the leakage of sediment here also affects the amount of discharge to the discharge blade. As a result, the sediment discharge effect on the discharge blades is not significantly reduced.

  In addition, as described above, the blade that combines the excavating blade and the discharge blade is substantially continuous from the tip position of the pile body to the outer peripheral surface, so that the earth and sand cut by the excavating blade can be moved along with the excavation by rotation of the pile body. Since it is carried along the upper surface from the excavation blade to the discharge wing, the resistance that the blade receives from the earth and sand excavated in the ground is small, and the penetration is improved.

  The excavated sediment is fed into the peripheral surface of the pile body from the tip position of the pile body being intruded, and the pile body's penetration improves, which is necessary for pile driving machines that apply rotational force and pressure to the pile body on the ground. Ability to reduce. As a result, the power of the pile driver required to complete the penetration of the pile body (tip closed pile) is small, and less fuel is used for it, so the amount of carbon dioxide generated by the pile driver is reduced. In addition, the facilities associated with the pile driving machine can be simplified and the construction cost can be reduced.

  The soil cut by the blade tends to move upward relative to the pile body along the upper surface of the blade as the pile body penetrates. Sediment that stays on the blade tries to fall from the upper end of the blade by being pushed by the sand pushed up from below, but if the sediment is highly viscous, it will be compacted and lumped on the blade until it falls. there is a possibility.

  For example, when the blade is slanted with respect to the horizontal as in Patent Documents 1 to 5, the fall of earth and sand on the blade is not promoted, so when the earth and sand are consolidated, the section from the tip of the blade to the upper end The earth and sand may try to stay on the blades and try to fall in a lump. Even if it is not consolidated, the sediment on the blade is only pushed down by the sediment from below and falls, so the sediment in the borehole is simply loosened. If the earth and sand is a viscous earth, it is easy to maintain the state where the earth and sand are attached to the blade due to the viscosity. Therefore, it is easy to deposit on the blade, and it is difficult to naturally drop the earth and sand from the blade.

  The occurrence of consolidation of excavated earth and sand on the blade can be avoided by bending or curving the blade convexly upward at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. In this case, since the inclination angle of the pile body with respect to the material axis is different across the position of the intermediate part of the blade, the earth and sand placed on the blade in the upper part where the angle has changed is It will be possible to drop naturally. The middle part of the blade bends upwards, etc., so that the earth and sand placed on the blade can be easily separated from the state attached to the blade during rotation of the pile body, including the case of viscous soil. Is difficult to maintain, and as a result, it tends to fall off the blade.

  When falling from above the blade, the earth and sand is subjected to centrifugal force and falls from a position near the hole wall of the pile body. In the case of FIG. 6, the surface of the blade passing through that position after falling from the blade (hole wall side) ), The hole wall is hardened and the stability of the hole wall is easily secured.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, when the portion of the blade located on the hole wall side with respect to the pile body is viewed in the circumferential direction of the pile body, it is bent or curved in the width direction so that the hole wall side is convex. In this case, since the earth and sand on the blade can be easily dropped from the bent part of the blade to the hole wall side, it is easy to avoid the accumulation of earth and sand on the blade. In this case, the blade stabilizes the hole wall to bend in the width direction and exert the effect of pressing the earth and sand that fell from the blade due to its shape against the hole wall as the pile body rotates due to its shape. This contributes to preventing the collapse. The function of pressing the earth and sand that has fallen from the blade against the hole wall is performed by the convex part on the hole wall side (surface on the hole wall side).

  When the blade is a flat plate as in Patent Documents 1 to 5, since the fall of the earth and sand placed on the blade is not urged, the cutting earth and sand are sequentially fed as described above, so that the blade is gradually consolidated on the blade, The earth and sand may become resistance when the pile body rotates. On the other hand, by giving the blade the shape described above, the fall of the cut soil is promoted, so the possibility of compaction on the blade is reduced, and the generation of resistance due to the compaction of the cut soil is avoided or alleviated. .

  Also, the earth and sand that rises up to the peripheral surface of the pile body along the upper surface of the blade and falls from the upper end of the discharge wing is pressed against the hole wall by the surface on the hole wall side of the discharge wing that closely contacts the hole wall when the pile body rotates. Therefore, it is consolidated in the radial direction of the drilling hole as a part of the hole wall. The consolidation effect of the earth and sand on the hole wall is improved by bending the portion near the upper end of the discharge blade convexly upward and bending in the width direction as described above. Can be obtained not by a plate (flat plate) shape but by a flat bar shape with a small ratio of the width to the plate thickness. If the discharge blade is a flat bar shape, the area of the surface facing (opposed) the hole wall of the discharge blade is enlarged in comparison with the case where the discharge blade is a plate.

According to claim 1, a gap is formed in the step when the pile body rotates, and there is a possibility that earth and sand may enter from this gap as a step is provided between the two closing plates adjacent in the circumferential direction of the pile body. . To solve this problem , the excavating blade is located at the boundary between the adjacent closing plates in the circumferential direction of the pile body, and the gap between the adjacent closing plates is closed, or a plate different from the excavating blade closes the gap. Avoided by blocking.

Effect of discharging on the discharge wings digging edge has excavated sediment discharges central portion of the closure plate as claimed in claim 3, or in the vicinity thereof, the gas is supplied through the interior of the pile body, or a liquid ejection It improves because the outlet is formed. In this case, a gas or liquid such as air or water can be discharged or ejected from the discharge port toward the hole wall, and this gas or liquid circulates in the hole as shown in FIG. As a result, a vertical upward flow is generated in the earth and sand, so that the earth and sand can be pushed up and guided between adjacent discharge blades. In FIG. 9, the arrow at the tip portion of the tip blocking pile indicates the movement of the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade.

  The discharge of gas such as air from the discharge port is progressing in the pile body (tip closed pile), for example, it is difficult for the excavated earth and sand to be discharged from the excavating blade onto the discharge wing, and the earth and sand are likely to collect at the bottom of the hole In other cases, that is, when the earth and sand make the pile main body tip position closed, this is done for the purpose of discharging the earth and sand at the pile main body tip position upward and ensuring the penetration of the pile body.

In Claim 3 , since the solidifying agent liquid can be supplied as needed through the inside of the pile main body, the solidifying agent liquid (root hardening liquid) such as cement milk is discharged from the discharge port at a depth at which the pile main body should be fixed, By forming a bulb at the bottom of the hole, it is possible to ensure the stability of the pile body in the fixed state. In this case, since the excavation blade and the discharge blade of the pile main body are fixed in the solidifying agent by the hardening of the solidifying agent liquid, the stability of the pile main body with respect to pulling out and overturning is improved.

  In the present invention, the amount of excavated earth and sand to the ground is small due to the effect of consolidating the excavated earth and sand into the hole wall, and the stability of the pile body (tip closed pile) in the drilling hole is ensured. Even when discharging solidifying agent liquid such as, it is possible to obtain sufficient supporting force if it is discharged at least to the tip position of the pile body and filled, so the solidifying agent liquid is injected over the entire length in the drilling hole There is no need to do. Accordingly, it is not necessary to overflow the solidifying agent liquid on the ground, so that a situation in which industrial waste is generated on the ground is avoided.

The tip closing pile according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is also configured by mounting an excavation head constituting a part of the tip end side of the pile on the tip of the pile body. And circumscribing tube The drilling head circumscribing the pile body as claimed in claim 4, and a plurality of the closure plate for closing the front end of the circumscribing tube, a plurality of drill toward circumscribing tube from the closing plate It is manufactured by projecting a blade. The closing plate and the excavation blade have the same functions as the closing plate and the excavation blade in any one of claims 1 to 3 . When the tip closed pile according to claim 2 is configured, a discharge blade that is continuously inclined with respect to the axis of the pile main body is projected from each excavation blade to the outer peripheral surface of the circumscribed pipe.

Since the excavation head according to claim 4 has a circumscribing pipe circumscribing the pile main body, it is attached to the pile main body regardless of whether the pile main body is a hollow pile or a solid pile. It also applies to concrete piles. Since the drilling head has the requirements of any one of claims 1 to 3 , it takes over the advantages according to the requirements.

  By fixing a plurality of closing plates to the pile body and inclining the plurality of closing plates, the height from the closing plate of the side facing the front side of the excavating blade and the discharge blade can be earned. Therefore, in comparison with the case where the height from the blocking plate is equal, the effect of scraping the earth and sand by the discharge blade is increased, and the effect of pushing up the excavated earth and sand and pushing it against the hole wall can be improved.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a closed block 1 in which a closing plate 2 that closes the tip is fixed to the tip of a pile body 11, and a plurality of excavating blades 3 project from the center of the blocking plate 2 or its vicinity to the periphery thereof. The structural example of the front-end | tip part is shown.

  A steel pipe is mainly used for the pile main body 11 as a hollow ready-made pile. However, the closing plate 2 is fixed to the tip of the pile body 11, and the excavation blade 3 is projected from the closing plate 2 and the discharge blade 4 is continuously joined to the excavation blade 3 by welding or the like. Therefore, a concrete pile such as a prestressed concrete pile (PHC pile) can be used for the pile body 11. When the discharge blade 4 is made continuous with the excavation blade 3, the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 may be integrally manufactured as a blade 5. Hereinafter, the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 may be collectively referred to as a blade 5.

  As shown in FIG. 2- (a), the end face of the tip end of the pile body 11 is divided into a plurality of sections in the circumferential direction, and the end face in each section is divided from the front side to the rear side when the pile body 11 is rotated. The pile body 11 is inclined toward the upper end side from the front end side of the pile body 11, and the closing plate 2 is fixed for each of the plurality of sections. The inclination of the end face of the pile main body 11 is formed by, for example, cutting a steel pipe into the shape of FIG. 3- (a) or welding a steel material processed into the shape of FIG. 3- (a) to an unprocessed steel pipe. .

  In the drawing, the pile body 11 is divided into three sections in the circumferential direction, but may be divided into two sections or may be divided into four sections or more. When divided into three sections, the three closing plates 2 are fixed to the pile body 11, and when divided into two sections, the two closing plates 2 are fixed. The number of projecting blades 3 and discharge blades 4 basically depends on the number of sections of the pile body 11, but it is not always necessary.

  As shown in the figure, when the pile body 11 is divided into three sections, three continuous excavation blades and discharge blades 4 (blades 5) are projected, but the number of projection blades 3 and discharge blades 4 is projected. May be less or more than the number of sections of the pile body 11. The front side at the time of rotation of the pile main body 11 is the left side in FIG. 1 when the pile main body 11 is viewed from the side, and the rear side is the right side. Although the drawing shows a case where the pile body 11 is rotated clockwise around the axis, the direction of inclination of the tip of the pile body 11 is reversed when the pile body 11 is rotated in the reverse direction.

The end face of the tip of the section divided into a plurality is shaped like a ratchet tooth as shown in FIG. 3- (a), and the closing plate 2 is formed on the end face of each section as shown in FIG. 2- (a). Are joined by welding or the like to close the open surface of the section. The blocking plate 2 may be a flat plate or a curved plate, and in either case, the planar shape is a fan shape.

If the front-end | tip part of the pile main body 11 is expand | deployed and shown for convenience, it will become a saw blade shape as shown in FIG.2- (b). FIG. 2- (b) shows a state where the developed pile body 11 is viewed from the outside. FIG. 2 also shows the relationship between the end face of the pile body 11 and the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4. The pile main body 11 of FIG. 2, the several obstruction | occlusion board 2 , and the 1 blade 5 (excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4) are decomposed | disassembled and shown to Fig.3- (a)-(c). As shown in FIG. 3B, the plurality of closing plates 2 are combined so as to intersect or contact each other at the center of the cross section of the pile body 11 or in the vicinity thereof.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the excavating blade 3 protrudes from a portion where a plurality of closing plates 2 are gathered to the edge of the closing plate 2 or the peripheral surface of the pile body 11. The discharge blade 4 protrudes from the end of the excavation blade 3 to a position above the tip of the pile main body 11, but when the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 are continuous, there is not always a clear boundary at the joint portion between them. It may not appear. In the drawing, the thickness of the discharge blade 4 is relatively smaller than that of the excavating blade 3 due to the use of a thick plate for the excavating blade 3 so that the excavating blade 3 can cope with hard ground. Yes.

As shown in FIG. 2- (a), when only a plurality of closing plates 2 are joined to the end face of the pile body 11, a step is created between the adjacent closing plates 2 and 2 , and a gap is generated. This gap is closed by the blade 5 arranged at the boundary between the two closing plates 2 , 2 , or by a closing plate which is different from the blade 5 or forms a part of the blade 5. The blade 5 is in contact with the end surface of the closing plate 2 positioned on the rear side when the pile body 11 rotates and the side surface of the pile body 11 in a state in which the steel pipe is notched. The closing plate 2 is joined by welding or the like.

The step at the boundary of the section adjacent to the circumferential direction of the pile body 11 is left as it is, as shown in FIG. 2B, the distance H2 from the surface of the closing plate 2 on the front side surface of the blade 5 and the side surface on the rear side. This is a difference from the distance H1 from the surface of the closing plate 2 . The greater the distance difference (H2−H1), the greater the amount of earth and sand that the blade 5 holds when digging with the rotation of the pile body 11.

As shown in FIG. 2- (b), when the pile main body 11 with the closing plate 2 and the blade 5 joined to the end face of the tip rotates in the direction of the arrow, the earth and sand existing under a certain closing plate 2 is the pile main body 11. The blade 5 is moved to the rear of the rotation and is once blocked by the blade 5 located on the rear side. Here, by distance H2 between the front side and the closing plate 2 surface of the blade 5 is greater than the distance H1 between the rear side of the closure plate 2 surface, the blade 5 is dam large amounts of sediment Has the ability. As the pile body 11 rotates, the earth and sand blocked by the blade 5 rises with respect to the pile body 11 along the blade 5 (excavation blade 3 and discharge blade 4), and is moved to the upper end of the discharge blade 4. .

  The earth and sand that has moved to the upper end of the discharge blade 4 falls from the upper end position of the discharge blade 4, but the surface on the side of the hole wall 10 of the blade 5 that passes through the position acts to press the dropped earth and sand against the hole wall 10. The earth and sand are used to protect the hole wall 10. The effect of pressing the earth and sand on the hole wall 10 side of the blade 5 against the hole wall 10 is that the discharge blade 4 itself is formed from a flat bar, or the upper portion of the discharge blade 4 is raised as shown in FIG. It improves by bending or curving convexly. The surface on the hole wall 10 side of the discharge blade 4 functions as the earth and sand pressing portion 4a both when the discharge blade 4 has a flat bar shape and when the upper portion is bent as shown in FIG.

  When the pile main body 11 having the closing plate 2, the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 is viewed from the tip side, the plural excavation blades 3 are radially formed from the center of the pile main body 11 as shown in FIGS. The discharge blades 4 are projected from the circumferential surface of the pile body 11 so as to protrude from the circumferential surface of the pile body 11 and to be continuous with the upper end thereof. As shown in FIG. 5, the plurality of excavation blades 3 are basically directed in the radial direction from the center of the pile body 11, but it is not always necessary. It may incline to the rear side during rotation. When the continuous excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 are inclined rearward when the pile body 11 is rotated as shown in FIG. 7, earth and sand are formed on the upper surface of the blade 5 including the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4. Since it becomes easy to place, the effect of inducing earth and sand on the discharge blade 4 is high.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, when the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 (blade 5) are inclined at an angle close to the vertical direction on the elevation surface of the pile body 11, they are separated from the hole wall 10. Since the resistance to receive can be made small, the penetration property at the time of excavation of the pile main body 11 becomes favorable.

  The excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 are continuous or formed continuously with a small gap. In the drawing, the excavating blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 are continuous, but when the amount of earth and sand carried by the discharge blade 4 is adjusted, a gap is formed between them.

  The excavating blade 3 protrudes in a range where the tip of the pile body 11 directly contacts the ground, that is, an area surrounding the cross section of the drilling hole, and a plurality of closing plates 2 are formed as shown in FIGS. It protrudes in the section from the gathered center to the peripheral surface of the pile body 11. A discharge blade 4 is projected from the upper end position of the excavating blade 3 to the peripheral surface of the pile body 11.

  The excavating blade 3 is joined to the closing plate 2 or the closing plate 2 and the pile main body 11, and the discharge blade 4 is joined to the pile main body 11 or the excavating blade 3 and the pile main body 11 by welding, bolts, or the like. When the excavating blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 are continuous, a clear boundary does not appear between the two, but the discharge blade 4 pushes up the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade 3 together with the excavation of the pile body 11 and then discharges it. The earth and sand existing on the wing 4 are dropped and pressed against the hole wall 10 as the pile body 11 rotates.

  In order for the discharge vane 4 to guide the excavation earth and sand upward, as shown in FIG. 6, the discharge vane 4 is bent or bent so as to be inclined from the portion near the excavation blade 3 to the upper end, and to be inclined with respect to the horizontal. To do. In order to effectively exert the function of pressing the earth and sand guided to the upper side by the discharge blade 4 against the hole wall 10, it is appropriate that the discharge blade 4 itself bends or bends in the width direction. When the discharge blade 4 is not curved in the width direction, it is suitable to use a steel material having a relatively small width to plate thickness for the discharge blade 4.

  4 and 5 show the whole of the tip closing pile 1, but when the depth of the tip closing pile 1 is large, the tip closing pile 1 is inserted into the ground while being added by welding or the like. When a concrete pile is used for the pile body 11, a steel band plate 6 as shown in FIG. 10 is attached to the joint for welding.

  The tip closing pile 1 has a rotational force with the rod 7 fixed to the inside of the tip closing pile 1 (31) directly gripped by the chuck of the pile driving machine as shown in FIGS. And inserted into the ground by applying pressure. In addition to being held by the chuck, the rod 7 is used for supplying gas and liquid to the tip of the tip closing pile 1 (31). When the rod 7 is gripped by the chuck, a rectangular shaft such as a hexagon that is easily gripped by the chuck is used for the rod 7.

  FIG. 10 shows a state in which the pile main body 30 is a concrete pile having the band plate 6 fixed to the top, and the excavation head 20 described later is attached to the tip. The band plate 6 is fixed by, for example, anchors protruding from its inner peripheral surface being embedded in a concrete pile. The rod 7 is pulled out by being rotated in the opposite direction after the tip closed pile structure 1 (31) has reached the target depth and fixed.

  6 to 8 show modified examples of the tip closed pile 1 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 9 shows a state during the excavation. Here, a flat bar having a small width to plate thickness is used for the excavation blade 3 and the discharge blade 4 (blade 5), in order to enhance the effect of the sediment falling on the discharge blade 4 and the consolidation effect on the hole wall 10. The blade 5 is bent or curved upward in the middle in the length direction, and bent or curved in the width direction so that the hole wall 10 side is convex to form the pressing portion 4a.

  Moreover, the V-shaped groove | channel is formed in the surface by the side of the hole wall 10 of the excavation blade 3, and the cutting effect of the excavation blade 3 with respect to a hard ground is heightened by making the excavation blade 3 into the shape which has many teeth. 7 shows a surface on the tip side of the tip closing pile 1 shown in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 shows a cross section parallel to the axis of FIG. As described above, the arrow at the tip of the tip closing pile 1 in FIG. 9 indicates the movement of earth and sand.

  As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a plurality of closing plates 2 meet (contact), and a cylindrical or plate-like shape for supplementing excavation by the excavating blade 3 is provided at the center of the cross section of the pile body 11. A tip bit 8 is projected. When a continuous discharge port 9 for discharging a liquid such as gas or cement milk is formed near the center of the cross-section of the pile body 11, the closure plate 2 or the tip bit 8 is formed in the rod 7. A discharge port 9 is formed. FIG. 12 shows the tip closing pile 31 with the excavation head 20 attached to the tip of the pile body 30 as will be described later, but the case where the discharge port 9 is formed at the tip of the tip closing pile 1 is the same as FIG. .

  As shown in FIG. 12, the discharge port 9 communicates with a supply path 7 a formed inside the rod 7 fixed to the central portion on the cross section of the pile body 30 (pile body 11). Gas or liquid is supplied from the ground through the pipe 7a. Since gas and liquid are discharged from the discharge port 9 when the tip closed pile 1 is lowered, the discharge port 9 is basically radial in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the pile body 11 and vertical in the vertical direction, for example. The direction is about 30 ° to 60 ° with respect to the downward direction, that is, the direction toward the hole wall 10 from the tip position of the hole.

  10 and 11 show a configuration example of the tip closing pile 31 in which the excavation head 20 for constructing the tip closing pile is attached to the tip of the pile body 30 and the same function as that of the tip closing pile 1 is given. The excavation head 20 is combined with the pile main body 30 when the closing plate 2, the excavation blade 3, and the discharge blade 4 cannot be joined directly to the tip of the pile main body 30 as in the case where the pile main body 30 is a concrete pile or the like. Used.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the excavation head 20 has a sleeve 21 for connection with the pile main body 30 at the center on the cross section, and the lower end of the rod 7 fixed to the pile main body 30 inside the excavation head 20 It is fixed by being joined to. The sleeve 21 is connected to the rod 7 by, for example, a female screw formed on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 21 being screwed into a male screw formed on the lower end portion of the rod 7. The rod 7 is detachably attached to the excavation head 20 by being connected to the sleeve 21 of the excavation head 20 by screwing, and can be collected after the penetration of the tip closing pile 31 is completed. FIG. 12- (a) shows the relationship between the pile main body 30 and the excavation head 20 of the tip blockage pile 31 shown in FIG. (B) shows a state of viewing (a) from the tip (bottom surface) side.

  FIG. 12 shows the case where the sleeve 21 is continuous from the tip position of the excavation head 20 to the connection position with the rod 7, but the sleeve 21 includes the tip portion of the excavation head 20 and the female screw as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. It may be divided into connecting portions with the rod 7.

  The excavation head 20 circumscribes the pile main body 30, and has a circumscribed pipe 22 corresponding to the tip of the pile main body 11, and a plurality of closing plates 23 that block the tip of the circumscribed pipe 22. A plurality of excavation blades 24 project from the circumscribed pipe 22, and discharge blades 25 that incline with respect to the axis of the pile main body 30 project from the respective excavation blades 24 to the outer peripheral surface of the circumscribed pipe 22.

  The tip of the circumscribed tube 22 is formed in a ratchet-like shape (sawtooth shape) like the tip of the pile body 11 of the tip closed pile 1 described above, and a plurality of tips are provided on the end surfaces of the inclined sections. A single closing plate 23 is fixed. Since there is an inclination between the adjacent blocking plates 23, 23, the effect of scraping (holding) excavated earth and sand by the discharge vanes 25 is exhibited as in the case of the tip blocking pile 1.

  The sleeve 21 is fixed to the central portion of the excavation head 20 by being joined to the closing plate 23 by welding or the like. Further, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a plurality of blocking plates 23 meet (contact), and a cylindrical or plate-like shape for supplementing excavation by the excavating blade 24 is provided at the center of the outer tube 22 on the cross section. The tip bit 27 is projected.

  The tip of the pile main body 30 inserted into the circumscribed tube 22 comes into contact with the position of the intermediate portion in the axial direction of the sleeve 21, and a support plate 26 for positioning the excavation head 20 with respect to the pile main body 30 is fixed. The support plate 26 is fixed to either the outer tube 22 or the sleeve 21 by welding.

  When a discharge port 28 for discharging a liquid such as gas or cement milk is formed in the vicinity of the central portion of the outer tube 22 on the cross section, the tip bit is formed on the closing plate 23 or as shown in FIGS. A discharge port 28 is formed at 27. The discharge port 28 communicates with a supply path 7 a formed inside the rod 7 that is fixed to the central portion on the cross section of the pile body 30.

  Since the excavation head 20 includes the closing plate 23, the excavation blade 24, and the discharge blade 25, similarly to the tip portion of the tip closing pile 1, the tip closing pile structure 31 to which the excavation head 20 is attached is the tip closing pile. 1 has the same function and is handled in exactly the same manner as the tip closing pile 1.

  FIGS. 13-16 shows the other example of a structure of the front end block pile structure 31 which attached the excavation head 20 shown in FIG. 10, FIG. Here, a concrete pile is used for the pile body 30, but a steel pipe pile is also used for the pile body 30.

It is the elevation which showed the appearance of the tip part of a tip blockage pile. (A) is the perspective view which showed the relationship between the shape of a pile main body front-end | tip, and the obstruction board fixed to this front-end | tip, (b) is the expanded view which showed the external appearance of the state which expand | deployed the pile main body shown to (a). . (A) is the perspective view which showed only the pile main body among the pile main bodies with the obstruction board shown to Fig.2- (a), (b) is the perspective view which showed only the obstruction board, (c) is a blade (excavation blade) FIG. It is the elevation which showed the example of manufacture of a tip blockage pile. It is the perspective view which looked at the front-end | tip obstruction | occlusion pile shown in FIG. 4 from the front end side. It is the elevation which showed other examples of manufacture of a tip blockage pile. FIG. 7 is a bottom view of FIG. 6. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. It is the elevation which showed the mode at the time of construction of the front end obstruction | occlusion pile shown in FIG. It is the elevation which showed the example of composition of the tip blockage pile which attached the excavation head to the pile main part. It is the perspective view which looked at the front-end | tip obstruction | occlusion pile shown in FIG. 10 from the front end side. (A) is the elevation which showed the inside of the tip blockage pile of the form shown in FIG. 10, (b) is the bottom view of (a). It is the elevation which showed the modification of the front end obstruction | occlusion pile shown in FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. FIG. 14 is a bottom view of FIG. 13. It is the elevation which showed the mode at the time of construction of the front end obstruction | occlusion pile shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 …… End-clogging pile, 11 …… Pile body,
2 ... Closing plate, 3 ... Excavating blade, 4 ... Discharge blade, 4a ... Pressing part, 5 ... Blade,
6 ... Band plate, 7 ... Rod, 7a ... Supply path,
8 …… Tip bit, 9 …… Discharge port,
10: Hole wall,
20 ... Excavation head, 21 ... Sleeve, 22 ... External pipe, 23 ... Occlusion plate, 24 ... Excavation blade, 25 ... Exhaust blade, 26 ... Support plate, 27 ... Tip bit, 28 ... Discharge port,
30 …… Pile body, 31 …… Tip closed block.

Claims (4)

In the tip closing pile where a closing plate that closes the tip is fixed to the tip of the pile body, and a plurality of excavating blades project from the center of this closing plate or the vicinity thereof to the periphery thereof,
The end surface of the tip end of the pile body is divided into a plurality of sections in the circumferential direction, and the end surface in each section is divided from the front end side of the pile body toward the rear side during rotation of the pile body. An inclination toward the upper end side is attached, and the closing plate is fixed for each of the plurality of sections ,
The plurality of closing plates are joined to the end surface of the pile body in a state where they intersect or are in contact with each other at or near the center of the cross section of the pile body,
The excavation blade that closes the gap between the adjacent closing plates protrudes from the portion where the plurality of closing plates are gathered to the edge of the closing plate or the peripheral surface of the pile body,
The tip closed pile, wherein the depth of the side surface of the excavating blade facing forward when the pile body rotates is greater than the depth of the side surface of the excavating blade facing backward .   The tip closed pile according to claim 1, wherein discharge wings that are continuously inclined with respect to the axis of the pile main body project from the respective excavation blades to the outer peripheral surface of the pile main body. Central portion of the closure plate, or in the vicinity thereof, according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the discharge ports are formed for ejecting gas supplied or liquid, through the interior of the pile body The tip occlusion pile. A drilling head which constitutes a portion of the distal side of the distal end closed pile according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and circumscribing tube circumscribing the pile body, a plurality of closing the tip of the circumscribed tube An excavation head for constructing a closed end pile, comprising a plurality of obstruction plates, and a plurality of excavation blades projecting from the obstruction plate to the circumscribed pipe.

Images