JP4175078B2 - Illumination device and image display device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention mainly relates to an illumination device for illuminating a spatial light modulation element in an image display device and an image display device configured using the illumination device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a spatial light modulation element such as a liquid crystal panel or a so-called “DMD element” is illuminated by a lighting device, and transmitted light or reflected light from the spatial light modulation element is projected onto a screen by a projection lens. An image display device (optical projector) has been proposed.
[0003]
Currently, high-intensity discharge lamps such as metal halide lamps and high-pressure mercury lamps are mainly used as light sources for illumination devices in such image display devices. However, these light sources have several problems as described below.
[0004]
That is, the high-intensity discharge lamp has a short life. For example, the lifetime of a 150 W class high-pressure mercury lamp that is currently most often used as a light source for a projection projector is about 1500 to 3000 hours. Therefore, in an image display apparatus using such a light source, the lamp must be frequently replaced.
[0005]
In an image display device using such a light source, normally, white light is separated into three primary colors by a dichroic mirror or the like, then spatially modulated for each color component, and synthesized again to produce a color image. Is configured. Therefore, in such an image display device, the configuration of the optical system from the illumination device to the projection lens is complicated, and the light use efficiency cannot be increased.
[0006]
In order to solve these problems, an attempt has been made to use a semiconductor laser as a light source of an illumination device. The semiconductor laser has a practically sufficient life, and the monochromaticity of the emitted light is good, so that a large color reproduction region can be realized.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-208089
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the illumination device using the semiconductor laser as the light source as described above, a problem of speckle noise occurs. Generally, when an observer appreciates an image projected on a screen by an image display device, an image is formed on the observer's retina by overlapping reflected light from each region of the projected image. . At this time, the unevenness with a height of about the wavelength or more on the screen causes the reflected light reflected from different areas on the screen to overlap with each other in a complicated phase relationship, and the light emitted from the semiconductor laser has high coherency. Since they have (coherence), they interfere with each other. Such interference causes random intensity changes, that is, speckle noise. By forming such speckle noise, the image quality of the display image is degraded.
[0009]
Speckle noise is a common problem when using laser light having coherency as illumination, and various attempts have been made so far to reduce speckle noise. For example, a configuration using a fiber bundle has been proposed. This fiber bundle is composed of a plurality of optical fibers, and the optical path length difference between the optical fibers is longer than the coherent length of the laser light used as the illumination light or about the coherent length. When coherent light is incident from one end of such a fiber bundle, the light emitted from the other end is non-interfering. By using the light emitted from the other end of the fiber bundle as illumination light, coherency of the entire illumination system can be reduced, and speckle noise on the screen can be reduced.
[0010]
However, such a configuration causes the following problems. That is, in such a fiber bundle, since the light beams that have passed through different optical fibers are each non-interfering, the more the number of optical fibers, that is, the greater the number of divided light beams, the more the illumination light that is combined. Coherency can be reduced. Here, it is assumed that a fiber bundle composed of n optical fibers is used. In general, in a semiconductor laser having a single mode power spectrum, the typical spectrum width of emitted light is about 100 MHz, and the coherent length c is on the order of several meters. Then, in order to obtain non-interfering illumination light using this fiber handle, the difference in length between the shortest optical fiber and the longest optical fiber is nxc [m]. For example, when the number n of optical fibers is 50 and the coherent length c is 1 m, the length of the longest optical fiber is 50 m or more.
[0011]
Such an optical system including a fiber bundle composed of a large number of optical fibers having different optical path lengths has a considerably large volume and weight, leading to an increase in the size of the entire image projection apparatus. End up.
[0012]
On the other hand, as another configuration for reducing speckle noise, a configuration using a rotating diffusion plate or the like has been proposed. In this configuration, a diffusion plate that is rotated at high speed and transmits the illumination light is disposed on the optical path of the illumination light emitted from the semiconductor laser. The diffusion plate is rotated at a high speed, thereby splitting an interference pattern generated by illumination light that is coherent light, and this interference pattern, that is, speckle noise, moves around on the screen at high speed.
[0013]
That is, in this configuration, speckle noise does not actually disappear, but it looks as if speckle noise has disappeared.
[0014]
However, in this configuration, polished glass or the like is used as the diffusion plate, so that the light use efficiency is lowered. In addition, when such a configuration is specifically incorporated into the illumination optical system, specific proposals such as where to install it, what kind of properties and size of diffusion plate should be used are Little has been done.
[0015]
Therefore, the present invention is proposed in view of the above circumstances, using coherent light as illumination light, without increasing the size of the apparatus configuration, and without causing a decrease in light utilization efficiency, It is an object of the present invention to provide an illumination device in which the generation of speckle noise is suppressed, and to provide an image display device configured to include such an illumination device.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, an illumination apparatus according to the present invention includes coherent light source means that emits coherent light and illuminates the surface to be illuminated with the coherent light, and coherent light between the coherent light source means and the illuminated surface. A beam shaping element that is arranged on the optical path of the coherent light and changes the intensity distribution of the coherent light incident from the coherent light source means to distribute the light to a predetermined intensity distribution and emits the light, and an excitation means that vibrates the beam shaping element. It has.
[0017]
  In this illumination device, the beam diameter in an arbitrary direction in the incident surface when the coherent light emitted from the coherent light source unit enters the beam shaping element is defined as a, and the optical from the beam shaping element to the illuminated surface is defined as a. If the target distance is b and the light distribution angle of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element is θ,
  tan θ> (a / 2b)
  Is establishedThe beam shaping element has anisotropy in the light distribution angle.It is characterized by this.
[0018]
In this illumination device, the beam diameter a when entering the beam shaping element of coherent light, the optical distance b from the beam shaping element to the illuminated surface, and the light distribution angle θ of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element. By satisfying the predetermined condition described above, speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced while maintaining high light use efficiency of the light source.
[0019]
  In addition, in this illumination device, at least one lens is disposed between the beam shaping element and the irradiated surface. A beam diameter in an arbitrary direction in the incident surface when the coherent light emitted from the coherent light source unit enters the beam shaping element is a, and an optical distance from the beam shaping element to the illuminated surface is b. The light distribution angle of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element is θ, and the coherent light incident on the beam shaping element is transmitted through the part farthest from the optical axis and the nth lens counted from the beam shaping element The exit angle with respect to the optical axis when passing through_nAnd the optical distance between the nth lens and the beam shaping element is b_nWhen n is 1,
  a / 2 <b₁tan θ + (b−b₁) Tanφ₁
And when n is an integer greater than or equal to 2,
  a / 2 <b₁tanθ +_i=₂Σⁿ(B_i-B_i-1) Tanφ_i-1+ (B−b_n) Tanφ_n
  Is establishedThe beam shaping element has anisotropy in the light distribution angle.It is characterized by this.
[0020]
In this illumination device, the beam diameter a when entering the beam shaping element of coherent light, the optical distance b from the beam shaping element to the illuminated surface, the light distribution angle θ of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element, the beam shaping. Outgoing angle φ with respect to the optical axis when the light beam transmitted through the part farthest from the optical axis among the coherent light incident on the element passes through the nth lens counted from the beam shaping element_nAnd the optical distance b between the nth lens and the beam shaping element_nBy satisfying the above-mentioned predetermined condition during the period, even when n lenses are arranged between the beam shaping element and the irradiated surface, the light use efficiency of the light source is kept high. However, speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced.
[0024]
An image display device according to the present invention includes any one of the above-described illumination devices, includes a spatial light modulation element as a surface to be illuminated, and further includes an imaging unit that forms an image of the spatial light modulation element. Is.
[0025]
In this image display device, speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced while maintaining high light use efficiency of the light source, or the beam shaping element can be downsized and the vibration amplitude of the beam shaping element can be reduced. However, speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0027]
In each of the following embodiments, the illumination device according to the present invention is configured to illuminate the spatial light modulation element in the image display device as an illuminated surface, and the illumination device is used to relate to the present invention. An image display apparatus is configured.
[0028]
[Embodiment (1)]
As shown in FIG. 1, the illuminating device according to the present invention includes a semiconductor laser 1 serving as coherent light source means for emitting coherent light to illuminate a spatial light modulator. The coherent light beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 2 and enters the beam shaping element 3.
[0029]
For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the beam shaping element 3 changes the intensity distribution of the coherent light incident from the semiconductor laser 1, and distributes the light to a predetermined angle and a predetermined intensity distribution to be emitted. It is formed as follows. The beam shaping element 3 is formed, for example, in a flat plate shape using a transparent synthetic resin material, and has irregularities with a predetermined shape on the surface portion. By appropriately setting the size, shape, depth, and the like of the unevenness formed on the surface portion, the angle and intensity distribution of the emitted light can be set to a desired state.
[0030]
That is, in the beam shaping element 3 having the characteristics shown in FIG. 2, the intensity distribution of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element 3 is a Gaussian distribution. Further, in the beam shaping element 3 having the characteristics shown in FIG. 3, the intensity distribution of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element 3 is a rectangular distribution. Such a beam shaping element having such a characteristic that the intensity distribution of the transmitted light beam has a rectangular distribution can be realized by forming it as a hologram element, for example.
[0031]
The intensity distribution of the light beam transmitted through these beam shaping elements 3 may depend on the incident angle or intensity distribution of the light beam incident on the beam shaping element 3.
[0032]
The beam shaping element 3 is supported so as to be movable in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis, and the main surface portion of the beam shaping element 3 is obtained by the vibration means 4 in the plane orthogonal to the optical axis. Is oscillated at a predetermined frequency in a plane parallel to the. A piezoelectric element, a voice coil, an ultrasonic motor, or the like can be used as a driving force source for the vibration means 4.
[0033]
The light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element 3 and emitted from the beam shaping element 3 illuminates the spatial light modulation element 5 serving as an illuminated surface. As the spatial light modulator 5, for example, a liquid crystal display device or a so-called “DMD element” is used.
[0034]
Here, the length (beam diameter) a in the arbitrary direction of the beam diameter within the incident surface of the beam shaping element 3, the distance b from the beam shaping element 3 to the spatial light modulation element 5, and the beam shaping element 3 The relationship of the light distribution angle θ of the transmitted light beam is set to a predetermined condition as shown below, and the beam shaping element 3 is minutely vibrated by the vibration means 4 so that the spatial light modulation element 5 can be efficiently used. The generation of speckle noise can be reduced.
[0035]
Here, the light distribution angle θ is an emission angle (on the main surface of the beam shaping element 3) at which the beam intensity is ½ of the maximum value in the angle dependency of the intensity distribution of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element 3. The angle to the vertical axis).
[0036]
For example, in the characteristic shown in FIG.₀Indicates the light distribution angle, and in the characteristics shown in FIG.₀Indicates the light distribution angle. At this time, if there is anisotropy in the intensity distribution, the largest angle among the angles at which the beam intensity is ½ of the maximum value is set as the light distribution angle. The light beam diameter is the length of a straight line connecting two points including the point where the intensity reaches the maximum value in the light beam incident on the beam shaping element 3 and the intensity becomes ½ of the maximum value. Will be referred to.
[0037]
When the state of the light beam between the beam shaping element 3 and the spatial light modulation element 5 serving as an illuminated surface is schematically shown as described above, the center point P of the spatial light modulation element 5 is as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the light beam reaches from a wide range of the beam shaping element 3. Considering a light beam that passes through the beam shaping element 3 and reaches the point P and illuminates the point P, the light distribution angle θ of the beam shaping element 3 is narrow and θ₁, The luminous flux R transmitted through the vicinity of the center of the beam shaping element 3₁Only contributes to the illumination of the point P, while the light distribution angle θ of the beam shaping element 3 is wide and θ₂In the case of₁Than the beam R which has passed through a wide range of the beam shaping element 3₂Will contribute to the illumination of point P.
[0038]
Where the luminous flux R₂Then, the light distribution angle θ so that all the light beams incident on the beam shaping element 3 contribute to the point P.₂Is selected.
[0039]
In addition, the luminous flux R₁Is the angle of light distribution of the beam shaping element 3 θ₁For the light distribution angle θ₂Smaller than (θ₁<Θ₂In this case, only a part of the light beam (light beam diameter a) incident on the beam shaping element 3 contributes to the point P.
[0040]
That is, in this illumination system, the light distribution angle θ of the beam shaping element 3 is narrow.₁And a wide light distribution angle θ₂In the case of, a wide light distribution angle θ₂In the case of, light beams from a larger area on the beam shaping element 3 gather on the spatial light modulation element 5 and are averaged. Therefore, in particular, the effect of reducing speckle noise when the beam shaping element 3 is minutely vibrated is greater when the light distribution angle θ of the beam shaping element 3 is wide. However, the light distribution angle of the beam shaping element 3 is set to the wide light distribution angle θ described above.₂If it is made larger than that, the improvement effect of speckle noise reduction cannot be expected so much.
[0041]
When the relationship between the light distribution angle θ of the beam shaping element 3 and the amplitude in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of vibration of the beam shaping element 3 and the speckle contrast is examined, as shown in FIG. As the light angle θ is wider and the amplitude in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of vibration of the beam shaping element 3 is larger, the speckle contrast decreases. However, any of the light distribution angle θ and the amplitude of the beam shaping element 3 decreases. As for the above, if the value is larger than a certain value, the effect of lowering the speckle contrast is saturated so that the change is not so much.
[0042]
In addition, the speckle contrast here is a value obtained by standardizing the standard deviation of the spatial intensity distribution of light on the illumination surface by the average value of the intensity distribution, and when there is a lot of speckle noise, The value becomes large. Conversely, when speckle noise is reduced, the value becomes small.
[0043]
That is, in this illumination system, as shown in FIG.₂The light distribution angle θ of the beam shaping element 3 when the entire light beam incident on the beam shaping element 3 contributes to the illumination at the point P is θ₂The light distribution angle θ is θ₂Less than (θ <θ₂), The speckle contrast changes depending on the degree as shown in FIG. That is, the light distribution angle θ is θ₂Is smaller than the light distribution angle θ₂The closer to, the lower the speckle contrast. However, the light distribution angle θ is θ₂Greater than (θ> θ₂), The speckle contrast is almost constant regardless of the size.
[0044]
The experimental results shown in FIG. 5 are obtained using a krypton laser as a light source. Even when a semiconductor laser is used as a light source, the speckle contrast value is different, but the reduction in speckle contrast is the same. The tendency of can be confirmed.
[0045]
Thus, the light flux R in FIG.₂When the light distribution angle is selected so that all the light beams incident on the beam shaping element 3 contribute to the illumination at the point P, the specs can be selected regardless of the light distribution angle θ as long as the light distribution angle is satisfied. The change in the contrast is almost gone. On the other hand, in general, the light from the light source can be used more efficiently when the light distribution angle θ of the beam shaping element 3 is smaller. From the above, the length in the arbitrary direction of the beam diameter in the incident surface to the beam shaping element 3 is a, the distance from the beam shaping element 3 to the spatial light modulation element 5 is b, and the beam shaping element 3 is transmitted. If the light distribution angle of the luminous flux is θ, the speckle noise is removed while maintaining high light utilization efficiency by satisfying the following relationship and reducing the light distribution angle θ as much as possible. Can do it.
tanθ> (a / 2b)
[0046]
The vibration frequency of the beam shaping element 3 is desirably 30 Hz or more. If the vibration frequency is less than this value, it will be recognized that speckle noise moves around on the illuminated surface, so the effect of reducing speckle noise will be small.
[0047]
On the other hand, if the vibration amplitude of the beam shaping element 3 is too small, the effect of reducing speckle noise is reduced. Conversely, if the vibration amplitude is too large, the cause of noise generation and the decrease in mechanical reliability are caused. . With respect to this point, according to the results of experiments by the present inventors, it is preferably 100 μm to 400 μm.
[0048]
When the beam shaping element 3 is vibrated using a vibration element such as a piezoelectric element, a voice coil, or an ultrasonic motor, the resonance frequency (natural frequency) of the beam shaping element 3 is set to about 30 Hz, It can be vibrated with low power consumption. In this case, when the beam diffusing element 3 made of glass or the like having a relatively large specific gravity is used, when the vibration system is designed so as to satisfy the resonance condition described above, the spring of the vibration system according to the size of the mass. If the constant is not increased, it is impossible to achieve a resonance frequency of about 30 Hz, which increases the possibility of causing an increase in driving sound and a decrease in mechanical reliability.
[0049]
Therefore, as the material forming the beam shaping element 3, it is preferable to use a material having a relatively low specific gravity, for example, a synthetic resin material such as polycarbonate or polyester.
[0050]
Further, as a semiconductor laser serving as a light source, a multimode oscillation with low coherency is preferable. However, this is not the case in an illuminating device that requires a light source of a single wavelength, for example, when an optical system having an extremely small chromatic aberration tolerance is used.
[0051]
In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, a single semiconductor laser is used. However, the use of a plurality of semiconductor lasers in parallel can increase the speckle noise reduction effect in the entire lighting device. .
[0052]
By using an optical system that satisfies the above conditions, it is possible to realize an illumination device that has no speckle noise or very little speckle noise.
[0053]
The image display device according to the present invention is configured as a so-called front projector, and projects a real image of the spatial light modulation element 5 on a screen by a projection lens (not shown) serving as an image forming unit. The image is displayed according to the spatial light modulation.
[0054]
[Embodiment (2)]
Next, as another embodiment of an illumination device for reducing speckle noise, as shown in FIG. 6, the beam shaping of the emitted light from the semiconductor laser having anisotropy in the radiated light intensity distribution, and the speckle are performed. The structure of the illuminating device which implement | achieved noise removal with the same optical element is shown.
[0055]
As shown in FIG. 7, the light beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 has a beam diameter in the θ⊥ direction (direction perpendicular to each layer of the stacked structure forming the semiconductor laser chip) in the θ // direction (forming the semiconductor laser chip). It has an elliptical shape that is long with respect to the beam diameter in the direction parallel to each layer of the laminated structure. For this reason, it is difficult to efficiently use the light flux as it is, and it is difficult to uniformly illuminate a predetermined area in an image display device or the like.
[0056]
Therefore, in this illuminating device, as shown in FIG. 6, a beam shaping element 6 having such a property as to emit a light beam having a circular cross section is transmitted through a light beam having an elliptical cross section incident vertically.
[0057]
Then, the light beam that has passed through the beam shaping element 6 is converted into a parallel light beam by the collimator lens 2 and illuminates the spatial light modulation element 5 serving as the illuminated surface. The beam shaping element 6 is vibrated in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis by the vibration means 4 as in the above-described embodiment. As the beam shaping element 6 is vibrated in this way, the interference pattern formed in the spatial light modulation element 5 moves so as not to be recognized by human eyes, and as a result, speckle noise is reduced.
[0058]
In FIG. 6, B₁Indicates the beam shape of the light beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1, and B₂Indicates the beam shape of the light beam after passing through the beam shaping element 6;₃These show the beam shape of the light beam after passing through the collimator lens 2.
[0059]
Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the beam shape after passing through the beam shaping element 6 is the same as that of the spatial light modulation element 5. In this case, a beam shaping element 6 having a characteristic of emitting a cross-sectional shape of the light beam as a rectangle when a light beam having an elliptical or circular cross-sectional shape is incident is used. Then, by oscillating such a beam shaping element 6 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, the interference pattern formed in the spatial light modulation element 5 can be moved around so as not to be recognized by human eyes. As a result, speckle noise can be reduced.
[0060]
In the illumination apparatus according to the present invention, by using the optical system as shown in this embodiment, it is possible to sufficiently reduce speckle noise while maintaining high light utilization efficiency.
[0061]
Furthermore, as a condition for effectively reducing speckle noise, as shown in FIG. 8 which shows a part of FIG. 6 in an enlarged manner, an arbitrary light beam within the incident surface of the beam shaping element 6 of the light beam from the semiconductor laser can be used. The light beam diameter in the direction is a, the light distribution angle of the emitted light from the beam shaping element 6 in the direction corresponding to the light beam diameter a is θ, and the distance from the beam shaping element 6 to the spatial light modulation element 5 is b. , The distance from the beam shaping element 6 to the collimator lens 2 is b₁And the emission angle with respect to the optical axis when the light beam that has passed through the portion farthest from the optical axis in the direction corresponding to the light beam diameter a among the light beams incident on the beam shaping element 6 is transmitted through the collimator lens 2 is φ₁In this case, these optical elements are preferably installed so as to satisfy the following conditions.
a / 2 <b₁tanθ + (b−b₁) Tanφ₁
[0062]
By satisfying this condition, light beams from a larger area on the beam shaping element 6 are collected on the spatial light modulation element 5 and averaged, so that the effect of reducing speckle noise is maximized. Is possible.
[0063]
If two or more n lenses such as a condenser lens and a relay lens are disposed between the beam shaping element 6 and the spatial light modulation element 5 in addition to the collimator lens, the specification is effectively provided. As a condition for reducing the noise, the beam diameter in an arbitrary direction within the incident surface of the beam shaping element 6 of the beam from the semiconductor laser is a, and the beam shaping element 6 in the direction corresponding to the beam diameter a The light distribution angle of the emitted light is θ, the distance from the beam shaping element 6 to the spatial light modulation element 5 is b, and the distance between the nth lens and the beam shaping element 6 is counted from the beam shaping element 6 side. Optical distance is b_nThe emission angle with respect to the optical axis when the light beam that has passed through the portion farthest from the optical axis in the direction corresponding to the light beam diameter a among the light beams incident on the beam shaping element 6 passes through the nth lens. φ_nIt is preferable to install each of these optical elements so that the following condition is satisfied (where n is an integer of 2 or more).
a / 2 <b₁tanθ +_{i = 2}Σⁿ(B_i-B_i-1) Tanφ_i-1+ (B−b_n) Tanφ_n
[0064]
By satisfying this condition, light beams from a larger area on the beam shaping element 6 are collected on the spatial light modulation element 5 and averaged, so that the effect of reducing speckle noise is maximized. Is possible.
[0065]
Also in this embodiment, the vibration frequency of the beam shaping element 6 is desirably 30 Hz or more. If the vibration frequency is less than this value, it is recognized that speckle noise moves around on the spatial light modulation element 5, so that the effect of reducing speckle noise becomes small.
[0066]
On the other hand, if the vibration amplitude of the beam shaping element 6 is too small, the effect of reducing speckle noise is reduced. Conversely, if the vibration amplitude is too large, the cause of noise generation and the decrease in mechanical reliability are caused. . With respect to this point, according to the results of experiments by the present inventors, it is preferably 100 μm to 400 μm.
[0067]
When the beam shaping element 6 is vibrated using a vibration element such as a piezoelectric element, a voice coil, or an ultrasonic motor, by setting the resonance frequency (natural frequency) of the beam shaping element 6 to about 30 Hz, It can be vibrated with low power consumption. In this case, when the beam diffusing element 3 made of glass or the like having a relatively large specific gravity is used, when the vibration system is designed so as to satisfy the resonance condition described above, the spring of the vibration system according to the size of the mass. If the constant is not increased, it is impossible to achieve a resonance frequency of about 30 Hz, which increases the possibility of causing an increase in driving sound and a decrease in mechanical reliability.
[0068]
Therefore, as the material forming the beam shaping element 6, it is preferable to use a material having a relatively low specific gravity, for example, a synthetic resin material such as polycarbonate or polyester.
[0069]
Further, as a semiconductor laser serving as a light source, a multimode oscillation with low coherency is preferable. However, this is not the case in an illuminating device that requires a light source of a single wavelength, for example, when an optical system having an extremely small chromatic aberration tolerance is used.
[0070]
In the configuration shown in FIG. 6, a single semiconductor laser is used. However, the use of a plurality of semiconductor lasers in parallel can increase the speckle noise reduction effect in the entire lighting device. .
[0071]
By using an optical system that satisfies the above conditions, it is possible to realize an illumination device that has no speckle noise or very little speckle noise.
[0072]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, when the spatial intensity distribution of the main incident light has an angle dependency such as a Gaussian distribution with respect to the perpendicular incident light, the spatial light modulation element 5 is uniform. Lighting becomes difficult. In that case, uniform illumination with reduced speckle noise can be realized by inserting a fly-eye lens or the like between the collimator lens 2 and the spatial light modulator 5.
[0073]
The image display device according to the present invention is configured as a so-called front projector, and projects a real image of the spatial light modulation element 5 on a screen by a projection lens (not shown) serving as an image forming unit. The image is displayed according to the spatial light modulation.
[0074]
[Embodiment (3)]
Furthermore, the illumination device according to the present invention and the image display device according to the present invention configured to have an illumination optical system that reduces speckle noise using a semiconductor laser or other laser light source will be described.
[0075]
In this lighting device, as shown in FIG. 9, the light source is red (hereinafter referred to as “R”), green (hereinafter referred to as “G”), and blue (hereinafter referred to as “B”). The three laser light sources 1R, 1G, and 1B that emit light of different colors among the three colors are used.
[0076]
In FIG. 9, the laser light source is shown as one for each color, but a plurality of laser light sources may be used for each color. The use of a plurality of laser light sources in parallel for each color can increase the speckle noise reduction effect described later for the entire illumination optical system.
[0077]
The R, G, and B coherent lights emitted from the laser light sources 1R, 1G, and 1B are converted into parallel beams by the collimator lenses 7R, 7G, and 7B, respectively. The R light flux is reflected by a mirror (or a dichroic mirror that reflects only R light) 8R, and passes through a dichroic mirror 8G that reflects only G light and a dichroic mirror 8B that reflects only B light. The G light flux is reflected by the dichroic mirror 8G that reflects only the G light, and passes through the dichroic mirror 8B that reflects only the B light. The B light flux is reflected by the dichroic mirror 8B that reflects only the B light. In this way, the R, G, and B color lights are combined and incident on the condenser lens 9.
[0078]
The light beam incident on the condenser lens 9 is collected by the condenser lens 9 and becomes diffused light via the relay lens 10 and enters the collimator lens 11. The collimator lens 11 causes the incident light beam to enter the spatial light modulator 5 as a parallel light beam. In this way, the spatial light modulation element 5 is illuminated.
[0079]
The image display device according to the present invention is configured as a so-called front projector, and illuminates the spatial light modulation element 5 and converts the light beam modulated according to the image signal displayed by the spatial light modulation element 5 into an imaging unit. A projection lens (not shown) projects the image onto a screen or the like, forms a real image of the spatial light modulator 5 and displays an image.
[0080]
Although FIG. 9 shows the transmissive spatial light modulator 5, a reflective spatial light modulator can be used instead of the transmissive spatial light modulator 5.
[0081]
In the illumination optical system having such a configuration, the luminous flux in the vicinity of the relay lens 10 has a smaller luminous flux diameter than other places. In the vicinity of the relay lens 10, a beam shaping element 3 </ b> A is disposed on the incident side of the relay lens 10, or a beam shaping element 3 </ b> B is disposed on the emission side of the relay lens 10. That is, the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B are arranged in the vicinity of an arbitrary point on the optical path of the coherent light, and this point indicates that the cross-sectional area of the coherent light at this point is the front-rear position on the optical axis of the coherent light. Is a point that is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the coherent light in FIG.
[0082]
In the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis by the vibration means 4, that is, a plane parallel to the main surface portion of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B. It is vibrated at a predetermined frequency. As the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B are vibrated in this way, speckle noise is reduced.
[0083]
Such an illumination optical system has the following advantages. First, the first advantage is that the optimum vibration amplitude of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B can be reduced. That is, when the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B are vibrated, the interference pattern due to the coherent light is split according to the light distribution angle of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B, so that the speckle noise in the spatial light modulation element 5 becomes inconspicuous. . Therefore, when the vibration is performed at the same vibration frequency, the speckle noise reduction effect is larger when the vibration amplitude is larger.
[0084]
In this embodiment, for example, when the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B are vibrated with an amplitude of 100 μm in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis, the interference pattern in the spatial light modulation element 5, that is, the light of speckle noise vibration. The amplitude in the direction orthogonal to the axis is 100 (c / a) μm. Here, a is the beam diameter of the light beam from the laser light sources 1R, 1G, and 1B in an arbitrary direction within the incident surface of the beam shaping element 3A or 3B, and c is the light beam from the laser light source. This is the light beam diameter in an arbitrary direction within the emission surface of the spatial light modulator 5. That is, in this embodiment, when the amplitude in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of speckle noise vibration on the spatial light modulator 5 is 100 μm, if (c / a) is 1, the beam shaping element The amplitude of vibration in the direction orthogonal to the optical axes of 3A and 3B is 100 μm, but if (c / a) is 4, the amplitude of vibration in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B is It can be 25 μm.
[0085]
Therefore, in this illumination optical system, it is possible to efficiently reduce speckle noise as in the case where the vibration amplitude is made larger than the actual vibration amplitude of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B. On the contrary, in the state where speckle noise is sufficiently reduced, the vibration amplitude of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B can be reduced, and the generation of driving sound and long-term mechanical reliability can be achieved. The possibility of deterioration and the like can be reduced.
[0086]
Furthermore, as a condition for effectively reducing speckle noise, the incident surface of the beam shaping element 3B of the light beam from the laser light sources 1R, 1G, 1B as shown in FIG. The beam diameter in an arbitrary direction is a, the light distribution angle of the emitted light from the beam shaping element 3B in the direction corresponding to the beam diameter a is θ, and from the beam shaping element 3B to the spatial light modulation element 5 The distance from the beam shaping element 3B to the collimator lens 11 is b.₁And the emission angle with respect to the optical axis when the light beam that has passed through the part farthest from the optical axis in the direction corresponding to the light beam diameter a among the light beams incident on the beam shaping element 3B is transmitted through the collimator lens 11 is φ₁In this case, these optical elements are preferably installed so as to satisfy the following conditions.
a / 2 <b₁tanθ + (b−b₁) Tanφ₁
[0087]
By satisfying this condition, light beams from a larger area on the beam shaping element 3B are collected on the spatial light modulation element 5 and averaged, so that the effect of reducing speckle noise is maximized. Is possible.
[0088]
It is effective when two or more n lenses such as a condenser lens and a relay lens are disposed between the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B and the spatial light modulation element 5 in addition to a collimator lens. As a condition for reducing speckle noise, a is a beam diameter in an arbitrary direction within the incident surface of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B of a beam from a laser light source, and a beam in a direction corresponding to the beam diameter a. The light distribution angle of the emitted light from the shaping elements 3A and 3B is θ, the distance from the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B to the spatial light modulation element 5 is b, and the nth sheet counted from the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B side B represents the optical distance between the lens and the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B._nOut of the light beams incident on the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B, the light beam that has passed through the portion farthest from the optical axis in the direction corresponding to the light beam diameter a is emitted to the optical axis when transmitted through the nth lens. Corner is φ_nIt is preferable to install each of these optical elements so that the following condition is satisfied (where n is an integer of 2 or more).
a / 2 <b₁tanθ +_{i = 2}Σⁿ(B_i-B_i-1) Tanφ_i-1+ (B−b_n) Tanφ_n
[0089]
When this condition is satisfied, light beams from a larger area on the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B gather on the spatial light modulation element 5 and are averaged, so that the effect of reducing speckle noise is maximized. It becomes possible to do.
[0090]
Also in this embodiment, the vibration frequency of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B is preferably 30 Hz or more. If the vibration frequency is less than this value, it is recognized that speckle noise moves around on the spatial light modulation element 5, so that the effect of reducing speckle noise becomes small.
[0091]
On the other hand, if the amplitude in the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of speckle noise vibration on the spatial light modulator 5 is too small, the effect of reducing speckle noise is reduced. Cause the occurrence of the occurrence of deterioration and mechanical reliability. With respect to this point, according to the results of experiments by the present inventors, it is preferably 100 μm to 400 μm.
[0092]
When the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B are vibrated using a vibration element such as a piezoelectric element, a voice coil, or an ultrasonic motor, the resonance frequency (natural frequency) of the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B is set to about 30 Hz. By doing so, it is possible to vibrate with less power consumption. In this case, when the beam diffusing element 3 made of glass or the like having a relatively large specific gravity is used, when the vibration system is designed so as to satisfy the resonance condition described above, the spring of the vibration system according to the size of the mass. If the constant is not increased, it is impossible to achieve a resonance frequency of about 30 Hz, which increases the possibility of causing an increase in driving sound and a decrease in mechanical reliability.
[0093]
Therefore, it is preferable to use a material having a relatively low specific gravity, for example, a synthetic resin material such as polycarbonate or polyester, as the material forming the beam shaping elements 3A and 3B.
[0094]
Furthermore, as a light source, a multimode oscillation semiconductor laser with low coherency is preferable. However, this is not the case in an illuminating device that requires a light source of a single wavelength, for example, when an optical system having an extremely small chromatic aberration tolerance is used.
[0095]
By using an optical system that satisfies the above conditions, it is possible to realize an illumination device and an image display device that are free from speckle noise or have very little speckle noise.
[0096]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the illumination device according to the present invention, the beam diameter a when entering the beam shaping element of coherent light, the optical distance b from the beam shaping element to the surface to be illuminated, and the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element. The above-mentioned predetermined condition during the light distribution angle θ of
tanθ> (a / 2b)
Is satisfied, speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced while maintaining high light use efficiency of the light source.
[0097]
Further, the illumination device further includes a beam diameter a when entering the beam shaping element of coherent light when the at least one lens is disposed between the beam shaping element and the irradiated surface, the beam shaping element The optical distance b from the surface to be illuminated, the light distribution angle θ of the light beam that has passed through the beam shaping element, and the light beam that has passed through the part farthest from the optical axis among the coherent light incident on the beam shaping element Angle φ with respect to the optical axis when passing through the nth lens counted from_nAnd the optical distance b between the nth lens and the beam shaping element_nDuring the predetermined conditions described above,
(When n = 1) a / 2 <b₁tanθ + (b−b₁) Tanφ₁
(When n ≧ 2)
a / 2 <b₁tanθ +_{i = 2}Σⁿ(B_i-B_i-1) Tanφ_i-1+ (B−b_n) Tanφ_n
Is satisfied, even if n lenses are arranged between the beam shaping element and the irradiated surface, speckle noise is sufficiently maintained while maintaining high light use efficiency of the light source. Can be reduced.
[0098]
Furthermore, in the illumination device according to the present invention, the beam shaping element is disposed in the vicinity of a point where the cross-sectional area of the coherent light is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the coherent light at the front and rear positions on the optical axis of the coherent light. As a result, the beam shaping element can be reduced in size, and the speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced while reducing the vibration amplitude of the beam shaping element.
[0099]
In the image display device according to the present invention, by including the illumination device as described above, speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced while maintaining high light use efficiency of the light source, or beam shaping. The speckle noise can be sufficiently reduced while downsizing the element and reducing the vibration amplitude of the beam shaping element.
[0100]
That is, the present invention provides an illuminating device using coherent light as illumination light, suppressing the generation of speckle noise without increasing the size of the device and without causing a decrease in light utilization efficiency. In addition, an image display device configured to include such an illumination device can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a configuration of a lighting device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a characteristic of an emission angle of a beam shaping element in the illumination device.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing another example of the emission angle characteristics of the beam shaping element in the illumination device.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing an optical path of a light beam emitted from a beam shaping element in the illumination device.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the vibration amplitude of the beam shaping element and the reduction in speckle noise in the illumination device.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing a configuration in which a beam shaping element having a characteristic of converting a light beam having an elliptical cross section into a light beam having a circular cross section is used as the beam shaping element in the illumination device.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a cross-sectional shape of a light beam emitted from a semiconductor laser serving as a light source in the illumination device.
8 is a side view showing an optical path of a light beam emitted from a beam shaping element in the illumination device shown in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a side view showing a configuration of an image display device according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a side view showing an optical path of a light beam emitted from a beam shaping element in the image display device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Semiconductor laser, 1R, 1G, 1B Laser light source, 2, 7R, 7G, 7B Collimator lens, 3, 3A, 3B, 6 Beam shaping element, 4 Excitation means, 5 Spatial light modulation element

Claims (24)

Coherent light source means for emitting coherent light and illuminating the illuminated surface with the coherent light;
It is arranged on the optical path of the coherent light between the coherent light source means and the surface to be illuminated, changes the intensity distribution of the coherent light incident from the coherent light source means, and distributes the light to a predetermined intensity distribution and emits it. A beam shaping element to be
Vibration means for vibrating the beam shaping element,
The beam diameter in an arbitrary direction in the incident surface when the coherent light emitted from the coherent light source means enters the beam shaping element is a, and the optical distance from the beam shaping element to the illuminated surface is b. And the light distribution angle of the light beam transmitted through the beam shaping element is θ,
tan θ> (a / 2b)
Is established,
The beam shaping element has anisotropy in a light distribution angle.   The illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration frequency of the beam shaping element by the vibration means is 30 Hz or more.   2. An illumination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an amplitude in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of vibration of the beam shaping element by the excitation means is 100 μm to 400 μm.   2. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the beam shaping element is formed using a synthetic resin material as a main raw material.   2. The illumination device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the coherent light source means are provided.   2. The illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the vibration means includes a piezoelectric element, and the beam shaping element is vibrated by the piezoelectric element.   2. The illumination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vibration means has a voice coil, and the beam shaping element is vibrated by the voice coil.   2. The illumination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exciting means includes an ultrasonic motor, and the beam shaping element is vibrated by the ultrasonic motor.   The illumination device according to claim 1, wherein a spatial light modulation element is illuminated as the surface to be illuminated.   The illumination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the beam shaping element emits incident light having an elliptical cross section as a light beam having a circular cross section.   The illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the beam shaping element emits incident light having an elliptical cross section as a light beam having a quadrangular cross section. Coherent light source means for emitting coherent light and illuminating the illuminated surface with the coherent light;
It is arranged on the optical path of the coherent light between the coherent light source means and the surface to be illuminated, changes the intensity distribution of the coherent light incident from the coherent light source means, and distributes the light to a predetermined intensity distribution and emits it. A beam shaping element to be
Vibration means for vibrating the beam shaping element;
And at least one lens disposed between the beam shaping element and the irradiated surface,
The beam diameter in an arbitrary direction in the incident surface when the coherent light emitted from the coherent light source means enters the beam shaping element is a, and the optical distance from the beam shaping element to the illuminated surface is b. And the light distribution angle of the light beam that has passed through the beam shaping element is θ, and the light beam that has passed through the most distant portion from the optical axis in the coherent light incident on the beam shaping element is transmitted through the nth lens. When n is 1 when the output angle with respect to the optical axis is φ _n and the optical distance between the nth lens counted from the beam shaping element and the beam shaping element is b _n ,
a / 2 <b ₁ tan θ + (b−b ₁ ) tan φ ₁
And when n is an integer greater than or equal to 2,
a / 2 <b ₁ tan θ + _i = ₂ Σ ⁿ (b _i −b _i−1 ) tan φ _i−1 + (b−b _n ) tan φ _n
Is established,
The beam shaping element has anisotropy in a light distribution angle. The lighting device according to claim 12, wherein the vibration frequency of the beam shaping element by the vibration means is 30 Hz or more. 13. The illumination apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein an amplitude in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of vibration of the beam shaping element by the excitation means is 100 μm to 400 μm. The lighting device according to claim 12 , wherein the beam shaping element is formed using a synthetic resin material as a main raw material. The lighting device according to claim 12 , wherein a plurality of the coherent light source means are provided. The illuminating device according to claim 12 , wherein the excitation means includes a piezoelectric element, and the beam shaping element is vibrated by the piezoelectric element. 13. The illumination apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the vibration means has a voice coil, and the beam shaping element is vibrated by the voice coil. 13. The illumination apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the vibration means includes an ultrasonic motor, and the beam shaping element is vibrated by the ultrasonic motor. The illumination device according to claim 12 , wherein a spatial light modulation element is illuminated as the surface to be illuminated. 13. The illumination apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the beam shaping element emits incident light having an elliptical cross section as a light beam having a circular cross section . 13. The illumination apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the beam shaping element emits incident light having an elliptical cross section as a light beam having a square cross section . Coherent light source means for emitting coherent light;
A spatial light modulation element illuminated by the coherent light;
An imaging means for forming an image of the spatial light modulator;
It is arranged on the optical path of the coherent light between the coherent light source means and the spatial light modulator, and changes the intensity distribution of the coherent light incident from the coherent light source means to distribute light to a predetermined intensity distribution. A beam shaping element to be emitted;
Vibration means for vibrating the beam shaping element,
The beam diameter in an arbitrary direction in the incident surface when the coherent light emitted from the coherent light source means enters the beam shaping element is a, and the optical distance from the beam shaping element to the spatial light modulation element is defined as a. b, and θ is the light distribution angle of the light beam that has passed through the beam shaping element.
tan θ> (a / 2b)
Is established,
The image display device, wherein the beam shaping element has anisotropy in a light distribution angle. Coherent light source means for emitting coherent light;
A spatial light modulation element illuminated by the coherent light;
An imaging means for forming an image of the spatial light modulator;
It is arranged on the optical path of the coherent light between the coherent light source means and the spatial light modulator, and changes the intensity distribution of the coherent light incident from the coherent light source means to distribute light to a predetermined intensity distribution. A beam shaping element to be emitted;
Vibration means for vibrating the beam shaping element;
And at least one lens disposed between the beam shaping element and the spatial light modulation element,
The beam diameter in an arbitrary direction in the incident surface when the coherent light emitted from the coherent light source means enters the beam shaping element is a, and the optical distance from the beam shaping element to the spatial light modulation element is defined as a. b, when the light distribution angle of the light beam that has passed through the beam shaping element is θ, and the light beam that has passed through the most distant portion from the optical axis in the coherent light incident on the beam shaping element has passed through the nth lens When n is 1 when the output angle with respect to the optical axis is φ _n and the optical distance between the nth lens and the beam shaping element counted from the beam shaping element is b _n ,
a / 2 <b ₁ tan θ + (b−b ₁ ) tan φ ₁
And when n is an integer greater than or equal to 2,
a / 2 <b ₁ tan θ + _i = ₂ Σ ⁿ (b _i −b _i−1 ) tan φ _i−1 + (b−b _n ) tan φ _n
Is established,
The image display device, wherein the beam shaping element has anisotropy in a light distribution angle.

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