JP4170648B2 - Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4170648B2
JP4170648B2 JP2002094603A JP2002094603A JP4170648B2 JP 4170648 B2 JP4170648 B2 JP 4170648B2 JP 2002094603 A JP2002094603 A JP 2002094603A JP 2002094603 A JP2002094603 A JP 2002094603A JP 4170648 B2 JP4170648 B2 JP 4170648B2
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mass
lubricating oil
component
internal combustion
oil composition
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JP2003292982A (en
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功 栗原
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Eneos Corp
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Nippon Oil Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、内燃機関用潤滑油に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年の環境問題を背景に世界各国の排出ガス規制は年々厳しくなってきており、特にディーゼルエンジン油の排ガスについては、NOxや粒子状物質(SPM)の低減が急務となっている。そのため、これらを低減させる手法として酸化触媒、ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター(DPF)、NOx吸蔵還元触媒等の排ガス後処理装置が開発されている。これらの排ガス後処理装置の性能に対し潤滑油組成が大きく影響することが知られており、とりわけ金属系清浄剤を多く含む内燃機関用潤滑油の場合、燃焼により生成する金属酸化物、硫酸塩、カルボン酸塩が触媒表面あるいはフィルター内部に堆積することでフィルター閉塞、触媒活性の低下やSPM補足効率の低下を引き起こす恐れがある。
【0003】
従来から内燃機関用潤滑油には清浄分散剤として、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属のスルホネート、フェネート、サリシレート、ホスホネート等の金属系清浄剤が使用されているが、排ガス後処理装置への影響を軽減するためにも金属系清浄剤の添加量の削減が望ましい。しかしながら、金属系清浄剤の減量は高温清浄性能を著しく悪化させる。特にすすが多量に発生するディーゼルエンジンではピストン周りの清浄性能の低下によってリング膠着やシリンダー摩耗を引き起こす可能性が高い。こはく酸イミド等の無灰系分散剤を配合することで清浄性能を向上させることは可能であるが、コハク酸イミドを過剰量配合した場合には、潤滑油の低温性能が悪化するほか、ゴムシール材に対する悪影響が懸念されるため、その配合量には自ずと限界が生じる。更に無灰系分散剤の高温清浄性の維持性能は金属系清浄剤に比べて劣るため、ドレンインターバルの延長が求められる昨今では、如何にこれらの性能を犠牲にすることなく金属系清浄剤を減量して低灰化を図るかが重要である。しかしながら、未だその技術は確立されていない。
【0004】
ところで、潤滑油組成物の酸化安定性を向上させるために、フェノール系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤又はジチオリン酸亜鉛とヒンダードアミンとを配合することは、従来より知られている(特開昭60-28496号公報、特開平2-73894号公報、特開平3-168297号公報、特開平3-45695号公報、特開平3-45696号公報、特開平4-309597号公報)。しかしながら、高温清浄性を向上させるために、ヒンダードアミンを特定のアルケニルコハク酸イミドと共に配合することは、従来知られていない。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記従来技術の状況を鑑みて、金属系清浄剤を使用したものと同等又はそれ以上の高温清浄性ならびにその維持性能を有し、かつ低灰分で排ガス後処理装置への悪影響も少なく、将来の排ガス規制対応技術に十分対応しうる内燃機関用潤滑油組成物を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、高温清浄性能の維持に優れた効果を発揮する低灰型エンジン油処方について鋭意研究を重ねた結果、分子中に特定の構造を有したヒンダードアミン系清浄剤と特定のアルケニルコハク酸イミドを特定の割合で含有させた内燃機関用潤滑油組成物を用いることによって、上記課題が解決されることを見出した。
【0007】
即ち、本発明によれば、鉱油及び/又は合成油からなる基油に、組成物全量基準で、(A)4-位に置換基を有する2,2,6,6-テトラアルキルピペリジン誘導体であるヒンダードアミン系清浄剤(以下、「(A)成分」ということがある。)を窒素元素換算量で0.005〜0.2質量%、及び(B)ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はその誘導体(以下「(B)成分」ということがある。)を窒素元素換算量で0.05〜0.4質量%含有し、かつ(A)成分と(B)成分との含有割合が、(A)成分に基づく窒素含有量([H])と(B)成分に基づく窒素含有量([S])との質量比([H]/[S])が0.1 1となる割合であることを特徴とする内燃機関用潤滑油組成物が提供される。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の潤滑油組成物の基油は特に限定されるものではなく、通常、潤滑油組成物の基油として用いられるものであれば、鉱油系基油、合成系基油を問わずに使用することができる。鉱油系基油としては、具体的には、原油を常圧蒸留及び減圧蒸留して得られた潤滑油留分を溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出、水素化分解、溶剤脱ろう、水素化精製、ワックス異性化等の処理を1つ以上行って精製したもの等が挙げられ、特に水素化分解処理や水素化精製処理あるいはワックス異性化処理が施されたもの等の各種の基油を用いることができる。
【0009】
また、合成系基油としては、具体的には、アルキルナフタレン、アルキルベンゼン、ポリブテン又はその水素化物;1-オクテンオリゴマー、1-デセンオリゴマー等のポリ-α-オレフィン又はその水素化物;ジトリデシルグルタレート、ジオクチルアジペート、ジイソデシルアジペート、ジトリデシルアジペート、ジオクチルセバケート等のジエステル;トリメチロールプロパンカプリレート、トリメチロールプロパンペラルゴネート、ペンタエリスリトール-2-エチルヘキサノエート、ペンタエリスリトールペラルゴネート等のポリオールエステル又はこれらの混合物等が例示でき、1-オクテンオリゴマー、1-デセンオリゴマー等のポリ-α-オレフィン又はその水素化物が好ましい例として挙げられる。
【0010】
本発明の潤滑油組成物における基油としては、鉱油系基油又は合成系基油を単独で用いる以外に、2種類以上の鉱油系基油、又は2種類以上の合成系基油の混合物であっても差し支えない。更には、上記混合物における2種類以上の基油の混合比は特に限定されず任意に選ぶことができる。
【0011】
本発明の潤滑油組成物におけるこれらの基油の粘度には格別の限定はないが、100℃における動粘度の下限値は好ましくは2mm2/s以上、より好ましくは3mm2/s以上とすることができ、一方、100℃における動粘度の上限値は好ましくは10mm2/s以下、より好ましくは8mm2/s以下とすることができる。
【0012】
潤滑油基油の100℃における動粘度を2mm2/s以上とすることによって油膜形成が十分であり、潤滑性に優れ、また、高温条件下での基油の蒸発損失がより小さい潤滑油組成物を得ることが可能となり好ましい。一方、100℃における動粘度を10mm2/s以下とすることによって、流体抵抗が小さくなるため潤滑個所での摩擦抵抗がより小さい潤滑油組成物を得ることが可能となり好ましい。
【0013】
また、本発明の潤滑油組成物において、潤滑油基油の全芳香族含有量の上限値は、好ましくは15質量%以下、より好ましくは13質量%以下であることが望ましい。潤滑油基油の全芳香族含有量が上記上限値以下とすることにより、良好な酸化安定性を得ることができる。一方、潤滑油基油の全芳香族含有量の下限値には格別な限定はないが、全芳香族含有量が2質量%未満の場合には、(A)、(B)成分が潤滑油基油に対し十分な溶解性を有さない場合があるので、全芳香族含有量は2質量%以上であることが望ましい。
【0014】
なお、本明細書でいう全芳香族含有量とは、ASTM D2549に準拠して測定した、芳香族留分(aromatic fraction)含有量を意味し、通常、この芳香族留分には、アルキルベンゼン、アルキルナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナントレン、及びこれらのアルキル化物、四環以上のベンゼン環が縮合した化合物、又はピリジン類、キノリン類、フェノール類、ナフトール類等のヘテロ芳香族を有する化合物等が含まれる。
【0015】
本発明の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物は、特定の(A)ヒンダードアミン系清浄剤及び(B)ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はその誘導体を含む。
【0016】
前記(A)ヒンダードアミン系清浄剤は、4-位に置換基を有する2,2,6,6テトラアルキルピペリジン誘導体であり、その4-位の置換基としては、例えばカルボン酸残基、アルコキシ基、アルキルアミノ基等が挙げられ、また、N-位には炭素数1〜4のアルキル基が置換していても良い。具体的には、下記一般式(1)〜(6)で示す化合物を例示することができる。
【0017】
【化1】

Figure 0004170648
【0018】
式中、R1は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R2は水素又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R3、R4はそれぞれ炭素数1〜30のアルキル基、Xはイミノ基又は酸素を表す。また、m、n、oは1〜8の整数、p、qはそれぞれ1〜1000の整数である。式中に複数のR1〜R4が存在する場合、これらは同一でも異なってもよい。
【0019】
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、(A)成分の含有量の下限値は組成物全量に基づき窒素元素換算量で0.005質量%であり、好ましくは0.01質量%、特に好ましくは0.02質量%である。一方、(A)成分の含有量の上限値は、組成物全量に基づき窒素元素換算量として0.2質量%であり、好ましくは0.1質量%である。(A)成分の含有量が0.005質量%未満の場合には、高温清浄性の維持性能が乏しい。一方、(A)成分の含有量が0.2質量%を超える場合には、酸化劣化によるスラッジの発生により、高温清浄性能をむしろ悪化させる恐れがある。
【0020】
前記(A)成分のヒンダードアミン系清浄剤としては、市販品を用いることができる他、公知の方法により製造したものを用いることができる。
【0021】
前記(B)ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はその誘導体としては、例えば、下記の式(7)で表されるモノイミド及び式(8)で表されるビスイミド及びこれらを有機酸やホウ酸で変性したもの等が例示できる。
【0022】
【化2】
Figure 0004170648
【0023】
式(7)及び(8)において、R5、R6及びR7は、それぞれ個別にポリブテニル基を示し、q及びrは、それぞれ個別に2ないし5の整数を示す。
【0024】
上記R5、R6及びR7で表されるポリブテニル基の数平均分子量は、好ましくは800以上とすることができ、更に好ましくは900以上とすることができ、特に好ましくは1500以上とすることができ、一方、数平均分子量は好ましくは3500以下とすることができ、より好ましくは2500以下とすることができる。その数平均分子量を800以上とすることにより、清浄性を良好とすることができ、一方、その数平均分子量を3500以下とすることにより、低温流動性を低下しにくくすることができる。また、優れたスラッジ抑制効果を得るためには、q及びrは、それぞれ3又は4であることが好ましい。
【0025】
ポリブテニル基とは1-ブテンとイソブテンの混合物あるいは高純度のイソブテンを塩化アルミニウム系、フッ化ホウ素系等の触媒を用いて重合させて得られるポリブテンから得られるものであり、微量のフッ素分や塩素分が十分に除去されたものも好ましく使用することができる。
【0026】
コハク酸イミドの製法は特に制限はないが、例えば数平均分子量800〜3500の塩素化ポリブテン、好ましくは塩素やフッ素が十分に除去されたポリブテンを無水マレイン酸と100〜200℃で反応させて得られるポリブテニルコハク酸をポリアミンと反応させることにより得ることができる。ポリアミンとしてはジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、及びペンタエチレンヘキサミン等が挙げられる。
【0027】
ホウ酸変性コハク酸イミドの製造方法としては、例えば、特公昭42-8013号公報及び同42-8014号公報、特開昭51-52381号公報、及び特開昭51-130408号公報等に開示されている方法等が挙げられる。具体的には例えば、アルコール類やヘキサン、キシレン等の有機溶媒、軽質潤滑油基油等にポリアミンとポリブテニルコハク酸(無水物)にホウ酸、ホウ酸エステル、又はホウ酸塩等のホウ素化合物を混合し、適当な条件で加熱処理することにより得ることができる。なお、この様にして得られるホウ酸変性コハク酸イミドのホウ酸含有量は通常0.1〜4.0質量%とすることができる。
【0028】
本発明の潤滑油組成物の(B)成分としては、高温清浄性能及びその維持性能に優れる点から、ホウ酸変性ポリブテニルコハク酸イミドが特に好ましい。
【0029】
本発明の潤滑油組成物における(B)成分の含有量の下限値は、組成物全量に基づき窒素元素換算量で0.05質量%であり、好ましくは0.07質量%である。一方、その上限値は組成物全量に基づき窒素元素換算量で0.4質量%であり、好ましくは0.3質量%である。(B)成分の含有量が0.05質量%未満である場合は、新油において十分な高温清浄性が得られないため、(A)成分を含有していても良好な高温清浄性能を維持することができない。一方、0.4質量%を超える場合は低温流動性が悪化しやすくなる。
【0030】
本発明の潤滑油組成物においては、(A)成分と(B)成分との含有割合は、(A)成分に基づく窒素含有量([H])と(B)成分に基づく窒素含有量([S])との質量比([H]/[S])が0.1 1となる割合である。[H]/[S]を2以下とすることにより、高温清浄性が維持される。[H]/[S]は特に好ましくは0.5以下とすることができる。 [H]/[S]を0.025以上とすることにより高温清浄性能の低下を良好に防止することができる。
【0031】
なお、本発明の潤滑油組成物には本発明の目的が損なわれない範囲で、必要に応じてその他の公知の添加剤を適宜配合することができる。配合可能な公知の添加剤としては、酸化防止剤、金属系清浄剤、摩耗防止剤、粘度指数向上剤、流動点降下剤、防錆剤、金属腐食防止剤、抗乳化剤、消泡剤等が挙げられる。
【0032】
ここで、酸化防止剤としては、例えば、フェノール系酸化防止剤、アミン系酸化防止剤、硫黄系酸化防止剤等が使用できる。
【0033】
金属系清浄剤としては、例えば、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属のスルホネート、フェネート、サリシレート、ホスホネート及びこれらの過塩基化物等が使用できる。
【0034】
摩耗防止剤としては、例えば、チオりん酸金属塩(Zn、Pb、Sn、Mo等)、チオカルバミン酸金属塩(Zn、Mo等)、硫黄化合物、りん酸エステル、亜りん酸エステル等が使用できる。
【0035】
粘度指数向上剤としては、例えば、ポリメタクリレート、分散型ポリメタクリレート、オレフィン系共重合体、分散型オレフィン共重合体、スチレン共重合体等が使用できる。
【0036】
流動点降下剤としては、例えば、使用する潤滑油基油に適合するポリメタクリレート系のポリマー、アルキル化芳香族化合物、フマレート-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体等が使用できる。
【0037】
防錆剤としては、例えば、アルケニルコハク酸、アルケニルコハク酸エステル、多価アルコールエステル、石油スルホネート、ジノニルナフタレンスルホネート等が使用できる。
【0038】
金属腐食防止剤としては、例えば、イミダゾリン、ピリミジン誘導体、アルキルチアジアゾール、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール又はその誘導体、1,3,4-チアジアゾールポリスルフィド、1,3,4-チアジアゾリル-2,5-ビスジアルキルジチオカーバメート、2-(アルキルジチオ)ベンゾイミダゾール、β-(o-カルボキシベンジルチオ)プロピオンニトリル等が使用できる。
【0039】
抗乳化剤としては、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルナフチルエーテル等のポリアルキレングリコール系非イオン系界面活性剤等が使用できる。
【0040】
消泡剤としては、例えば、ジメチルシリコーンやフルオロシリコーン、フルオロアルキルエーテル等のシリコーン化合物類が使用できる。
【0041】
これらの添加剤の配合量は任意であるが、通常組成物全質量に基づいて、消泡剤の含有量は0.0005〜0.01質量%、金属不活性化剤の含有量は0.005〜0.2質量%、その他の添加剤の含有量は、それぞれ0.05〜10質量%程度とすることができる。
【0042】
なお、本発明の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物には、上記添加剤のうち、金属を含有する添加剤を配合する場合、排ガス後処理装置への影響を低減するために、それらの硫酸灰分量の合計が組成物全量基準で、1.2質量%以下、好ましくは1.0質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.8質量%以下とすることが望ましい。また、金属を含有する添加剤を配合しなくても良いが、高温清浄性及びその維持性をより高めるためには、硫酸灰分が0.1質量%以上とすることが好ましく、0.2質量%以上とすることがさらに好ましく、0.4質量%以上とすることが特に好ましい。このような金属を含有する添加剤の具体的な含有量としては、例えば、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属のスルホネート、フェネート、サリシレート、ホスホネート及びこれらの過塩基化物等の金属系清浄剤としては、金属元素換算量で好ましくは0.2質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.1質量%以下、特に好ましくは0.08質量%以下とすることが望ましく、チオりん酸金属塩(Zn、Pb、Sn、Mo等)、チオカルバミン酸金属塩(Zn、Mo等)等の金属含有摩耗防止剤としては、金属元素換算量で、好ましくは0.15質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0.1質量%以下、特に好ましくは0.08質量%以下とすることが望ましい。
【0043】
本発明の潤滑油組成物の製造方法は、特に限定されず、上記各種の基油及び添加剤を配合することにより製造することができる。
【0044】
本発明の潤滑油組成物を適用しうる内燃機関は、特に限定されないが、ディーゼルエンジン等の各種の内燃機関に用いることができ、特に、排ガス後処理装置を装着したディーゼルエンジンに特に好ましく用いることができる。当該排ガス後処理装置としては、酸化触媒、ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター(DPF)、NOx吸蔵還元触媒等を備えた排ガス後処理装置を好ましく挙げることができる。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
(実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜5
水素化精製鉱油と溶剤精製鉱油の混合油(動粘度7.4mm2/s(@100℃)、粘度指数130)を基油とし、これに各種添加剤を配合し、表1に示す組成の潤滑油組成物を調製した。調製直後の新油、及び内燃機関用潤滑油酸化安定度試験(Indiana Stirring Oxidation Test JIS K-2514、以下、ISOTと略す。)に準拠し各潤滑油組成物を165.5℃、48時間の条件で強制劣化させた劣化油の両方について、以下に示す試験方法によりホットチューブ試験を行い、高温清浄性を評価した。また、各劣化油については、ISOT試験後のスラッジの発生の有無についても調べた。結果を表1に示す。
(ホットチューブ試験)
得られた各潤滑油組成物の高温清浄性能を小松製作所式ホットチューブ試験「HT-201」で評価した。具体的には軟質ガラスチューブを純アルミニウム製灼熱ブロックで所定温度(280℃)に加熱し、このチューブに試料油0.3ml/hr、空気10ml/minを連続16時間送入した。試験終了後、チューブを石油エーテルで洗浄し、内壁の汚れから評点を求めた。評点は無色透明(汚れ無し)を10点、黒色不透明を0点とし、この間を11段階に区分して高温清浄性を評価した。
【0046】
【表1】
Figure 0004170648
【0047】
なお、表中の注1〜5は、それぞれ以下の事項を示す。
注1)式(9)で表わされるヒンダードアミン(窒素含有量3.2質量%)
【0048】
【化3】
Figure 0004170648
【0049】
注2)式(10)で表わされるヒンダードアミン(窒素含有量4質量%)
【0050】
【化4】
Figure 0004170648
【0051】
注3)ホウ素化ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド(ビスタイプ、ポリブテニル基の数平均分子量1300、窒素含有量1.6質量%、ホウ素含有量0.5質量%)
注4)ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド(ビスタイプ、ポリブテニル基の数平均分子量1300、窒素含有量1.7質量%)
注5)カルシウムサリシレート、フェノール系酸化防止剤、ジチオリン酸亜鉛、ポリメタクリレート型粘度指数向上剤
表1から明らかな通り、本発明の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物(実施例1〜3)は高温清浄性に優れ、劣化後にもスラッジの生成がなく、特に[H]/[S]が0.1〜1となるように(A)成分及び(B)成分を含有させているので、劣化油の高温清浄性が高く維持されていることがわかる。
【0052】
一方、(A)成分が規定範囲未満の場合、高温清浄性の維持性に劣り、(A)成分が本発明の規定範囲を超える場合、スラッジが生成してしまい、内燃機関用潤滑油としての酸化安定性が著しく劣る。また、(B)成分が本発明の規定範囲未満の場合、高温清浄性に劣ることがわかる。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
本発明の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物は、低灰分でありながら高温清浄性及びその維持性能に優れるものであり、排ガス後処理装置への悪影響を低減可能な内燃機関用潤滑油組成物であり、特に酸化触媒、ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター(DPF)、NOx吸蔵還元触媒等の排ガス後処理装置を装着した内燃機関用潤滑油組成物として有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lubricating oil for an internal combustion engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Due to recent environmental problems, exhaust gas regulations around the world are becoming stricter year by year, and especially for exhaust gas from diesel engine oil, there is an urgent need to reduce NOx and particulate matter (SPM). Therefore, exhaust gas aftertreatment devices such as an oxidation catalyst, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), and a NOx occlusion reduction catalyst have been developed as a technique for reducing these. It is known that the composition of the lubricating oil has a great influence on the performance of these exhaust gas after-treatment devices. In particular, in the case of lubricating oil for internal combustion engines containing a large amount of metallic detergents, metal oxides and sulfates produced by combustion In addition, accumulation of carboxylate on the catalyst surface or inside the filter may cause clogging of the filter, decrease in catalyst activity, and decrease in SPM supplement efficiency.
[0003]
Conventionally, metallic detergents such as sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, phosphonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals have been used as cleaning dispersants in lubricating oils for internal combustion engines, but this has an impact on exhaust gas aftertreatment devices. In order to reduce this, it is desirable to reduce the amount of metal-based detergent added. However, weight loss of metallic detergents significantly degrades high temperature cleaning performance. In particular, diesel engines that generate a large amount of soot are likely to cause ring sticking and cylinder wear due to a decrease in cleaning performance around the piston. It is possible to improve the cleaning performance by adding an ashless dispersant such as succinimide, but when adding an excessive amount of succinimide, the low temperature performance of the lubricating oil deteriorates and the rubber seal Since there are concerns about adverse effects on the material, there is a limit to the amount of the compound. Furthermore, the maintenance performance of ashless dispersants at high temperature cleanliness is inferior to that of metal-based detergents, so in recent years when drain intervals are required, metal-based detergents can be used without sacrificing these performances. It is important to reduce the amount of ash. However, the technology has not been established yet.
[0004]
By the way, in order to improve the oxidation stability of a lubricating oil composition, it has been conventionally known that a phenol-based antioxidant, an amine-based antioxidant, or zinc dithiophosphate and a hindered amine are blended (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A)). JP-A-60-28496, JP-A-2-73894, JP-A-3-168297, JP-A-3-45695, JP-A-3-45696, JP-A-4-309597). However, it has not been conventionally known to blend a hindered amine with a specific alkenyl succinimide in order to improve the high temperature cleanability.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the state of the prior art described above, the present invention has high temperature cleanliness equal to or higher than that using a metal detergent and its maintenance performance, and has low ash content and little adverse effect on the exhaust gas aftertreatment device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine that can sufficiently cope with future exhaust gas regulations.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on a low ash type engine oil formulation that exhibits an excellent effect in maintaining high-temperature cleaning performance, the present inventors have found that a hindered amine detergent having a specific structure in the molecule and a specific alkenyl succinic acid. It has been found that the above problem can be solved by using a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine containing acid imide in a specific ratio.
[0007]
That is, according to the present invention, a base oil composed of mineral oil and / or synthetic oil, (A) a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine derivative having a substituent at the 4-position, based on the total amount of the composition, A hindered amine-based detergent (hereinafter also referred to as “component (A)”) in an amount of 0.005 to 0.2 mass% in terms of nitrogen element, and (B) polybutenyl succinimide and / or a derivative thereof (hereinafter “ (Sometimes referred to as “component (B)”) in an amount of 0.05 to 0.4 mass% in terms of nitrogen element, and the content ratio of component (A) and component (B) is the nitrogen content based on component (A) ([H]) and nitrogen content based on component (B) ([S]) Mass ratio ([H] / [S]) is a ratio of 0.1 to 1 for internal combustion engines A lubricating oil composition is provided.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The base oil of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be used regardless of whether it is a mineral base oil or a synthetic base oil as long as it is normally used as the base oil of the lubricating oil composition. can do. As mineral base oils, specifically, the lubricating oil fraction obtained by subjecting crude oil to atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation can be desolvated, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, hydrorefining, wax Examples include those refined by performing one or more treatments such as isomerization, and various base oils such as those subjected to hydrocracking treatment, hydrorefining treatment or wax isomerization treatment can be used. .
[0009]
Specific examples of synthetic base oils include alkylnaphthalene, alkylbenzene, polybutene or hydrides thereof; poly-α-olefins such as 1-octene oligomers and 1-decene oligomers or hydrides thereof; ditridecyl glutarate , Diesters such as dioctyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate; polyol esters such as trimethylolpropane caprylate, trimethylolpropane pelargonate, pentaerythritol-2-ethylhexanoate, pentaerythritol pelargonate, or the like The poly-α-olefins such as 1-octene oligomers and 1-decene oligomers or hydrides thereof are preferable examples.
[0010]
As the base oil in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, in addition to using a mineral base oil or a synthetic base oil alone, two or more mineral base oils or a mixture of two or more synthetic base oils may be used. There is no problem. Furthermore, the mixing ratio of two or more kinds of base oils in the above mixture is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected.
[0011]
The viscosity of these base oils in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the lower limit value of the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably 2 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 3 mm 2 / s or more. On the other hand, the upper limit value of the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably 10 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 8 mm 2 / s or less.
[0012]
Lubricating oil composition with a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of 2 mm 2 / s or higher for lubricating base oils, providing sufficient oil film formation, excellent lubricity, and lower base oil evaporation loss under high temperature conditions It is possible to obtain a product, which is preferable. On the other hand, by setting the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. to 10 mm 2 / s or less, the fluid resistance is decreased, and therefore it is possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition having a smaller frictional resistance at the lubrication point.
[0013]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, the upper limit of the total aromatic content of the lubricating base oil is preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 13% by mass or less. When the total aromatic content of the lubricating base oil is less than or equal to the above upper limit, good oxidation stability can be obtained. On the other hand, the lower limit of the total aromatic content of the lubricating base oil is not particularly limited, but if the total aromatic content is less than 2% by mass, the components (A) and (B) are lubricating oils. Since it may not have sufficient solubility in the base oil, the total aromatic content is desirably 2% by mass or more.
[0014]
In addition, the total aromatic content as used in this specification means the aromatic fraction content measured based on ASTM D2549. Usually, this aromatic fraction includes alkylbenzene, Examples include alkylnaphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and alkylated products thereof, compounds in which four or more benzene rings are condensed, or compounds having heteroaromatic compounds such as pyridines, quinolines, phenols, and naphthols.
[0015]
The lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine of the present invention comprises a specific (A) hindered amine detergent and (B) polybutenyl succinimide and / or a derivative thereof.
[0016]
The (A) hindered amine detergent is a 2,2,6,6 tetraalkylpiperidine derivative having a substituent at the 4-position. Examples of the 4-position substituent include a carboxylic acid residue and an alkoxy group. An alkylamino group and the like, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms may be substituted at the N-position. Specifically, the compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (6) can be exemplified.
[0017]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004170648
[0018]
In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 2 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and X is an imino group or Represents oxygen. M, n, and o are integers of 1 to 8, and p and q are integers of 1 to 1000, respectively. When a plurality of R 1 to R 4 are present in the formula, these may be the same or different.
[0019]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, the lower limit of the content of the component (A) is 0.005% by mass in terms of nitrogen element based on the total amount of the composition, preferably 0.01% by mass, particularly preferably 0.02% by mass. is there. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content of the component (A) is 0.2% by mass, preferably 0.1% by mass, in terms of nitrogen element, based on the total amount of the composition. When the content of the component (A) is less than 0.005% by mass, the high temperature cleanability maintenance performance is poor. On the other hand, when the content of the component (A) exceeds 0.2% by mass, there is a possibility that the high-temperature cleaning performance is rather deteriorated due to generation of sludge due to oxidative degradation.
[0020]
As the hindered amine detergent for the component (A), commercially available products can be used, and those manufactured by known methods can be used.
[0021]
Examples of the (B) polybutenyl succinimide and / or derivatives thereof include, for example, a monoimide represented by the following formula (7), a bisimide represented by the formula (8), and these with an organic acid or boric acid. Denatured ones can be exemplified.
[0022]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0004170648
[0023]
In formulas (7) and (8), R 5 , R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a polybutenyl group, and q and r each independently represent an integer of 2 to 5.
[0024]
The number average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group represented by R 5 , R 6 and R 7 is preferably 800 or more, more preferably 900 or more, and particularly preferably 1500 or more. On the other hand, the number average molecular weight can be preferably 3500 or less, more preferably 2500 or less. When the number average molecular weight is 800 or more, cleanliness can be improved, and when the number average molecular weight is 3500 or less, low-temperature fluidity can be hardly lowered. Further, in order to obtain an excellent sludge suppressing effect, q and r are preferably 3 or 4, respectively.
[0025]
The polybutenyl group is obtained from polybutene obtained by polymerizing a mixture of 1-butene and isobutene or high-purity isobutene using a catalyst such as aluminum chloride or boron fluoride. Those from which the minutes have been sufficiently removed can also be preferably used.
[0026]
The production method of succinimide is not particularly limited. For example, chlorinated polybutene having a number average molecular weight of 800 to 3500, preferably polybutene from which chlorine and fluorine have been sufficiently removed, is reacted with maleic anhydride at 100 to 200 ° C. The resulting polybutenyl succinic acid can be obtained by reacting with a polyamine. Examples of the polyamine include diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine.
[0027]
Examples of the method for producing boric acid-modified succinimide are disclosed in, for example, JP-B-42-8013 and JP-A-42-8014, JP-A-51-52381, and JP-A-51-130408. The method currently used is mentioned. Specifically, for example, organic solvents such as alcohols, hexane and xylene, light lubricant base oils, polyamines and polybutenyl succinic acid (anhydrides), boric acid, boric acid esters, or boron such as borates The compound can be obtained by mixing and heat-treating under appropriate conditions. The boric acid content of the boric acid-modified succinimide obtained in this way can usually be 0.1 to 4.0% by mass.
[0028]
As the component (B) of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, boric acid-modified polybutenyl succinimide is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of excellent high-temperature cleaning performance and maintenance performance.
[0029]
The lower limit of the content of the component (B) in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is 0.05% by mass, preferably 0.07% by mass in terms of nitrogen element based on the total amount of the composition. On the other hand, the upper limit is 0.4% by mass in terms of nitrogen element based on the total amount of the composition, preferably 0.3% by mass. When the content of component (B) is less than 0.05% by mass, sufficient high-temperature cleanability cannot be obtained with new oil. Therefore, even if component (A) is contained, maintain good high-temperature cleanability. I can't. On the other hand, when it exceeds 0.4 mass%, low temperature fluidity tends to deteriorate.
[0030]
In the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, the content ratio of the component (A) and the component (B) includes the nitrogen content based on the component (A) ([H]) and the nitrogen content based on the component (B) ( [S]) and the mass ratio ([H] / [S]) is 0.1 to 1 . By setting [H] / [S] to 2 or less, high temperature cleanliness is maintained. [H] / [S] is preferably especially the Ru can be set to 0.5 or less. By setting [H] / [S] to 0.025 or more, it is possible to satisfactorily prevent a decrease in high-temperature cleaning performance.
[0031]
In addition, other well-known additives can be suitably mix | blended with the lubricating oil composition of this invention as needed in the range which does not impair the objective of this invention. Known additives that can be blended include antioxidants, metallic detergents, antiwear agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, rust inhibitors, metal corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, etc. Can be mentioned.
[0032]
Here, as the antioxidant, for example, a phenol-based antioxidant, an amine-based antioxidant, a sulfur-based antioxidant, and the like can be used.
[0033]
Examples of metal detergents include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, phosphonates, and overbased products thereof.
[0034]
As antiwear agents, for example, thiophosphate metal salts (Zn, Pb, Sn, Mo, etc.), thiocarbamic acid metal salts (Zn, Mo, etc.), sulfur compounds, phosphate esters, phosphites, etc. are used. it can.
[0035]
As the viscosity index improver, for example, polymethacrylate, dispersed polymethacrylate, olefin copolymer, dispersed olefin copolymer, styrene copolymer and the like can be used.
[0036]
As the pour point depressant, for example, a polymethacrylate polymer, an alkylated aromatic compound, a fumarate-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the like that are compatible with the lubricating base oil to be used can be used.
[0037]
As the rust preventive agent, for example, alkenyl succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid ester, polyhydric alcohol ester, petroleum sulfonate, dinonyl naphthalene sulfonate and the like can be used.
[0038]
Examples of metal corrosion inhibitors include imidazoline, pyrimidine derivatives, alkylthiadiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, benzotriazoles or derivatives thereof, 1,3,4-thiadiazole polysulfide, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2,5-bisdialkyl. Dithiocarbamate, 2- (alkyldithio) benzimidazole, β- (o-carboxybenzylthio) propiononitrile, etc. can be used.
[0039]
As the demulsifier, polyalkylene glycol nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl naphthyl ether and the like can be used.
[0040]
Examples of antifoaming agents that can be used include silicone compounds such as dimethyl silicone, fluorosilicone, and fluoroalkyl ether.
[0041]
The compounding amount of these additives is arbitrary, but the content of the antifoaming agent is usually 0.0005 to 0.01% by mass, the content of the metal deactivator is 0.005 to 0.2% by mass, based on the total mass of the composition. The content of other additives can be about 0.05 to 10% by mass.
[0042]
In addition, in the lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, when an additive containing a metal among the above additives is blended, in order to reduce the influence on the exhaust gas aftertreatment device, the amount of sulfated ash It is desirable that the total amount is 1.2% by mass or less, preferably 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.8% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the composition. Moreover, it is not necessary to add an additive containing a metal, but in order to further improve the high-temperature cleanability and its maintainability, the sulfated ash content is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and 0.2% by mass or more. More preferably, the content is more preferably 0.4% by mass or more. Specific contents of such metal-containing additives include, for example, metal-based detergents such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfonates, phenates, salicylates, phosphonates, and overbased products thereof. It is preferably 0.2% by mass or less in terms of metal element, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.08% by mass or less. Thiophosphate metal salts (Zn, Pb, Sn, Mo, etc.), thio The metal-containing antiwear agent such as a metal salt of carbamic acid (Zn, Mo, etc.) is preferably 0.15% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.08% by mass or less in terms of metal element. It is desirable.
[0043]
The manufacturing method of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be manufactured by blending the above various base oils and additives.
[0044]
The internal combustion engine to which the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, but can be used for various internal combustion engines such as a diesel engine, and particularly preferably used for a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust gas aftertreatment device. Can do. As the exhaust gas aftertreatment device, an exhaust gas aftertreatment device including an oxidation catalyst, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a NOx storage reduction catalyst and the like can be preferably exemplified.
[0045]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.
(Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 )
A mixed oil of hydrorefined mineral oil and solvent refined mineral oil (kinematic viscosity 7.4mm 2 / s (@ 100 ° C), viscosity index 130) is used as a base oil, and various additives are blended into it. An oil composition was prepared. Each lubricating oil composition was conditioned at 165.5 ° C for 48 hours in accordance with the new oil immediately after preparation and the lubricating oil oxidation stability test for internal combustion engines (Indiana Stirring Oxidation Test JIS K-2514, hereinafter abbreviated as ISOT). For both of the deteriorated oils that were forcibly deteriorated, a hot tube test was conducted by the following test method to evaluate the high temperature cleanliness. Each deteriorated oil was also examined for the occurrence of sludge after the ISOT test. The results are shown in Table 1.
(Hot tube test)
The high temperature cleaning performance of each obtained lubricating oil composition was evaluated by Komatsu Ltd. type hot tube test “HT-201”. Specifically, a soft glass tube was heated to a predetermined temperature (280 ° C.) with a pure aluminum burning block, and sample oil 0.3 ml / hr and air 10 ml / min were continuously fed into the tube for 16 hours. After completion of the test, the tube was washed with petroleum ether, and the score was determined from the dirt on the inner wall. The rating was 10 points for colorless and transparent (no stain) and 0 for black opaque, and this was divided into 11 stages to evaluate the high temperature cleanliness.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004170648
[0047]
In addition, Notes 1-5 in a table | surface show the following matters, respectively.
Note 1) Hindered amine represented by formula (9) (nitrogen content 3.2% by mass)
[0048]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0004170648
[0049]
Note 2) Hindered amine represented by formula (10) (nitrogen content 4% by mass)
[0050]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0004170648
[0051]
Note 3) Borated polybutenyl succinimide (bis type, polybutenyl group number average molecular weight 1300, nitrogen content 1.6% by mass, boron content 0.5% by mass)
Note 4) Polybutenyl succinimide (bis type, polybutenyl group number average molecular weight 1300, nitrogen content 1.7% by mass)
Note 5) Calcium salicylate, phenolic antioxidant, zinc dithiophosphate, polymethacrylate type viscosity index improver As is clear from Table 1, the lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines of the present invention (Examples 1 to 3 ) are clean at high temperatures. excellent sex, the rather name generation of sludge after degradation, since contain a [H] / [S] is such that 0.1 to 1 (a) component and the (B) component, especially, deterioration oils It can be seen that the high temperature cleanliness of the is maintained high.
[0052]
On the other hand, when the component (A) is less than the specified range, it is inferior in maintainability of high temperature cleanliness, and when the component (A) exceeds the specified range of the present invention, sludge is generated and used as a lubricating oil for internal combustion engines. The oxidation stability is extremely poor. Moreover, when (B) component is less than the prescription | regulation range of this invention, it turns out that it is inferior to high temperature detergency.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
The lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine of the present invention is a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine that has a low ash content and is excellent in high-temperature cleanliness and its maintenance performance and can reduce adverse effects on the exhaust gas aftertreatment device. In particular, it is useful as a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas aftertreatment device such as an oxidation catalyst, diesel particulate filter (DPF), NOx occlusion reduction catalyst and the like.

Claims (3)

鉱油及び/又は合成油からなる基油に、組成物全量基準で、
(A)4-位に置換基を有する2,2,6,6-テトラアルキルピペリジン誘導体であるヒンダードアミン系清浄剤を窒素元素換算量で0.005〜0.2質量%、及び
(B)ポリブテニルコハク酸イミド及び/又はその誘導体を窒素元素換算量で0.05〜0.4質量%含有し、かつ(A)成分と(B)成分との含有割合が、(A)成分に基づく窒素含有量([H])と(B)成分に基づく窒素含有量([S])との質量比([H]/[S])が0.1 1となる割合であることを特徴とする内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。
To the base oil composed of mineral oil and / or synthetic oil, based on the total amount of the composition,
(A) A hindered amine detergent that is a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine derivative having a substituent at the 4-position in an amount of 0.005-0.2% by mass in terms of nitrogen element, and (B) polybutenyl succinic acid Nitrogen content ([H]) containing 0.05 to 0.4 mass% of imide and / or derivative thereof in terms of nitrogen element and the content ratio of component (A) and component (B) based on component (A) And a mass ratio ([H] / [S]) of nitrogen content ([S]) based on component (B) is a ratio of 0.1 to 1 , a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine.
前記(B)成分がホウ酸変性コハク酸イミドである請求項1 記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。2. The lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein the component (B) is boric acid-modified succinimide. 排ガス後処理装置を装着したディーゼルエンジンに使用される請求項1 又は 2 記載の内燃機関用潤滑油組成物。The lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines according to claim 1 or 2 is used in a diesel engine equipped with an exhaust gas aftertreatment device.
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