JP4161025B2 - Global thermal image recording apparatus, global thermal image recording method and system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention detects the infrared global emitted from the three-dimensional space such as the ground surface or a building surface, the thermal image recording apparatus and a thermal image recording method for imaging and relates to the system.

  Conventionally, a global thermal image recording device and system that can capture a thermal image (hereinafter referred to as a global thermal image) that contains the entire globe of an object such as a tree or building as a field of view as a three-dimensional spatial distribution. The inventor discloses in Patent Document 1.

  FIG. 9 is a system diagram of the global thermal image recording apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1. In FIG. 9, in order to obtain a global thermal image, the infrared detection camera 3 is swung up and down and left and right around the measurement point of the object 1 while being panned and tilted while performing primary scanning on the swivel head 19. Thus, a thermal image is obtained by capturing an image over the entire globe.

  9 will be described in detail. The intensity of the infrared ray 2 radiated from the object 1 such as a tree or a building is detected by the infrared detector 3a in the infrared detection camera 3 via the infrared detection camera 3. .

  The infrared rays 2 are transmitted through a window 3b, such as a scanning optical system 3c such as a galvano mirror, a focusing objective lens 3d, a chopper 3e, a relay lens 3f, and HgCdTe cooled by a coolant (liquid nitrogen, argon, etc.) or a cooling element. The scanning optical system 3c is driven by a galvano drive 3g, the objective lens 3d is driven by a focus drive 3h, the chopper 3e is driven by a chopper motor 3j, and the object 1 is usually scanned by a galvano driver 3g. The intensity of the infrared temperature distribution image signal is detected by two-dimensional line-sequential scanning through 3c, but the configuration in FIG. 9 is configured to scan one-dimensionally.

  The temperature distribution image signal of the object 1 detected by the infrared detector 3a in the infrared detection camera 3 is supplied to the preamplifier 4, and although not shown, correction adjustment means such as emissivity correction, linearizing, level adjustment, sense adjustment, etc. Are sampled and encoded by an analog-digital converter (ADC) 5 and converted into digital-data.

  The digital data from the ADC 5 is supplied to the image memories 6a and 6b, and the color palettes (memory) 7R, 7G, and 7P of the pseudo color generation circuit 7 for generating red (R), green (G), and blue (B) signals. 7B, and coloration determined according to the level (temperature) of the digital data is performed.

  Each data from the color palettes 7R, 7G, and 7B is converted into an analog temperature distribution color image signal by a digital-analog conversion circuit (DAC) 8 (8R, 8G, and 8B), and a cathode ray tube (CRT) and a liquid crystal display device. The image is supplied to a monitor display device 9 such as (LCD) and the image of the object 1 is displayed on the screen as a color distribution pattern classified by color.

  A microcomputer (CPU) 10 controls the ADC 5, the image memories 6 a and 6 b, the pseudo color generator 7, the DAC 8, and controls the galvano drive 3 g of the infrared camera 3 through the detection camera controller 12 through the interface 11. Yes.

  The ROM 13 and the RAM 14 are work memories that the CPU 10 normally has, and the operation unit 15 is an input unit such as a keyboard.

  The infrared detection camera 3 of the thermal image recording device 16 capable of keeping the entire globe configured as described above is placed on the swivel head 19 of the electric telescopic pole 18 planted in the outdoor environment observation vehicle. It can also be installed on a tripod.

  A display device 9 including a pan head control unit and a control unit of the thermal image recording device 16 is also provided in the observation vehicle. In addition, a weather observation device such as a wet and dry bulb platinum thermometer with a ventilator, a propeller type wind direction anemometer, or a neo-radiometer is arranged on the roof of the observation vehicle.

  The optical scanning system of the infrared detection camera 3 uses three types of wavelength bands of 3 to 5 μm, 5.5 to 7.9 μm, and 8 to 13 μm according to the purpose. In the wavelength band of 3 to 5 μm, the infrared detector 3a is made of InSb. There is a description that HgCdTe is used in the wavelength band of 5.5 to 7.9 μm and 8 to 13 μm.

  The temperature distribution image signal of the object 1 detected by the infrared detector 3a of the object 1 observed by the global thermal image recording apparatus as described above is a radiation temperature distribution in the space around the object 1, and the surface of the object 1 It's not temperature. That is, when the object 1 such as glass with low emissivity is observed with the infrared detection camera 3, the radiation from the surface facing the object 1 is reflected on the object 1, and the accurate surface of the object 1 is reflected. Temperature cannot be measured. Furthermore, since the observed radiant energy is attenuated by the influence of the atmosphere, the surface temperature of the object 1 cannot be measured unless correction for the atmosphere is performed.

  The observation error of the surface temperature of the object 1 at several degrees C due to the reflection from the opposite surface to the object 1 and the attenuation of the atmosphere described above is the environment in the measurement and evaluation of the thermal environment such as buildings and open spaces. It becomes a big problem in observation.

  Also, not limited to the global thermal image recording device, except for special cases where temperature measurement using a globe thermometer or a radiation balance meter that measures pure radiation is also performed, such as the temperature of the building wall or ground surface. Thus, it was difficult to observe the surface temperature of the object 1 in a non-contact manner.

Further, in order to measure and grasp the surface temperature of the target object 1 from the radiation temperature, correction by removing the emissivity of the target object 1 is necessary, and it is possible to measure the surface temperature of the target object 1 remotely without contact. There was a problem that could not be done.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-136263 (FIG. 3)

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. The problem to be solved by the present invention is that a radiation temperature distribution image measured by a global thermal image recording device can be converted into a surface temperature distribution image of an object. thermal image recording apparatus and a thermal image recording method and to provide the system.

The global thermal image recording apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention is a global thermal image recording apparatus in which infrared rays emitted from an object are detected and imaged by an infrared detection camera. A global thermal image detecting means for detecting a global thermal image of a total radiation in a space in which the entire globe is viewed, and a 3D geometric information forming means for obtaining a 3D thermal image by adding the spatial 3D geometric information to the global thermal image Emissivity adding means for adding the emissivity of each measurement surface of the three-dimensional thermal image and the emissivity of the reflecting surface facing each measurement surface, and a ray tracing method for the three-dimensional thermal image added by the emissivity addition means And a reflection surface component removal means for removing radiation components from the opposing reflection surfaces reflected on each measurement surface, and obtaining the radiation temperature from the emitted infrared radiation, and removing the reflection components For calculation to remove reflection component by means Ri, in which form to obtain the surface temperature of the measurement surface of the object from a radiation temperature. A global thermal image recording apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention includes, in the first invention, atmospheric measurement means for measuring an atmospheric state during recording of the global thermal image, and atmospheric correction means for performing atmospheric correction. It is made.

The global thermal image recording method of the third aspect of the present invention is a global thermal image recording method in which infrared rays emitted from an object are detected and imaged by an infrared detection camera. A global thermal image detection step for detecting a global thermal image of the total radiation of the space in which the field of view is stored, and a 3D geometric information forming step for obtaining a 3D thermal image by adding the spatial 3D geometric information to the global thermal image; An emissivity adding step for adding the emissivity of each measurement surface of the three-dimensional thermal image and the emissivity of the reflecting surface facing each measurement surface, and the ray tracing method to the three-dimensional thermal image added in the emissivity adding step. subjected to simulated, anda reflection component removing step of removing the radiation components from the reflective surface which faces it reflected on the measurement surface, the radiation temperature obtained from infrared radiation emitted, the reflection component removing step The operation of removing the kick reflective component, in which form to obtain the surface temperature of the measurement surface of the object from a radiation temperature.

A global thermal image recording system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes an infrared detection camera that detects infrared rays radiated from an object, and a global thermal image recording device that images infrared rays detected by the infrared detection camera. In the configured global thermal image recording system, as a global thermal image recording device, a global thermal image detection means for detecting a global thermal image of the total radiation of the space in which the entire spherical of the object is viewed by an infrared detection camera; Three-dimensional geometric information forming means for obtaining a three-dimensional thermal image by adding spatial three-dimensional geometric information to a global thermal image, the emissivity of each measurement surface of the three-dimensional thermal image, and the reflection surface facing each measurement surface The emissivity adding means for adding emissivity, and the three-dimensional thermal image added by the emissivity adding means are simulated by the ray tracing method, and the reflection component of the radiation from the opposing reflecting surface reflected on each measurement surface Remove reflection And and a partial removal means, upon obtaining radiation temperature from infrared radiation emitted by operation of removing the reflection component in the reflected component removing means, so as to obtain the surface temperature of each measurement surface of the object from a radiation temperature It was made.

According All Tamanetsu image record device and Zentamanetsu image recording method of the present invention and its system, the radiation temperature, the surface temperature becomes possible to measure without contact from a remote surface temperature distribution of the urban space and buildings In addition, it has the effect of obtaining something useful for observing and grasping the heat island phenomenon.

Hereinafter will be described the entire Tamanetsu image record device and Zentamanetsu image From process showing one embodiment of the present invention and the structure of that system by FIGS. 1-8. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the basic configuration of one embodiment of the global thermal image recording apparatus and global thermal image recording method and system according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is the global thermal image recording apparatus and global thermal image recording method and system according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a global thermal image recording apparatus, a global thermal image recording method and a global thermal image showing a global thermal image captured by the system according to the present invention. 4 and FIG. 4 are three-dimensional thermal image diagrams of the global thermal image recording apparatus and global thermal image recording method and system of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the global thermal image recording apparatus and global thermal image recording method and system of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing one embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between an object and a camera for explaining the global thermal image recording apparatus and global thermal image recording method of the present invention and the emissivity addition method during imaging of the system. 7 is a diagram for explaining radiation from the opposing reflecting surfaces of the global thermal image recording apparatus and global thermal image recording method and system of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a global thermal image recording apparatus and global of the present invention. It is a top view which shows the floor plan which shows the thermal image recording method and the room measured with the system.

  The flowchart of FIG. 1 shows a method of calculating the surface temperature of the object 1 using the same infrared detection camera 3 (may be a camera using a bolometer) and the thermal image recording device 16 as described in the prior art of FIG. In the first step S1, a global thermal image is obtained by imaging the total radiation of the space from the target surface T1, which is the wall surface of the building of the object 1, by the infrared detection camera 3, and this global thermal image is shown in FIG. As shown in the thermograph 3, the total radiation temperature distribution in the space can be observed, and the radiation component A from the object surface T1 of the object 1 at a distance L1 from the infrared detection camera 3 shown in FIG. It includes a reflection component B of radiation from the opposing reflection surface T2 having a distance L2 between the object 1 and the object 1. Therefore, the radiation component of the output of the infrared detector 3a of the infrared detection camera 3 is A + B. FIG. 3 shows an image of a wall inside the building, which will be described later. Reference numeral 50 denotes an entrance door, 51 denotes an entrance door on the boundary with an adjacent room, and 52 denotes ceiling illumination.

  In the next second step S2, three-dimensional geometric information is added from the global thermal image to create a three-dimensional thermal image as shown in FIG. 4 and the third step S3.

  In the fourth step S4, the directional emissivity of each surface for each captured wall surface is given. In the sixth step S6, the radiation component B from the reflecting surface T2 facing the target surface T1 of the target object 1 is removed, and at the same time, environmental conditions such as the temperature and humidity of the indoor air are measured as in the fifth step S5, After performing atmospheric correction shown in the seventh step in consideration of the influence of attenuation of radiation by the atmosphere, surface temperature information of each surface of the object 1 is obtained as shown in an eighth step S8.

１式でθ_ｎ、Ｌ_ｎ、τ（Ｌ_ｎ）_、Ｔ_ｎ、ε（θ_ｎ）はそれぞれ下記に示すものとする。図２で距離Ｌ_１、Ｌ_２＝Ｌ_ｎ、対象面温度及び対向する対象面温度Ｔ_１、Ｔ_２＝Ｔ_ｎの関係にある。 Relationship of Equation 1 number below 1 when the radiation temperature observed in the target surface T1 of the object 1 shown in FIG. 2 described above was T _R holds.

In Equation 1, θ _n, L _n, τ (L _n ) _, T _{n, and} ε (θ _n ) are as shown below. In FIG. 2, the distances L ₁ , L ₂ = L _n , the target surface temperature, and the opposing target surface temperatures T ₁ , T ₂ = T _n are in a relationship.

である。
上記した１式から明らかなように観測される対象面の放射温度Ｔ_Ｒは対象面Ｔ１の対象面温度Ｔ_ｎのθ_ｎ方向への放射率ε（θ_ｎ）と光線の対象面Ｔ_ｎへの入射角θ_ｎに大きく依存していることが解り対象面の表面温度Ｔ_ｎは１式から対象面からの放射を減算することで容易に求まる。 here,

It is.
As is clear from the above-mentioned formula 1, the radiation temperature T _R of the target surface observed is the emissivity ε (θ _n ) of the target surface temperature T _n of the target surface T1 in the θ _n direction and the light target surface T _n . the surface temperature T _n that is understood target surface that greatly depends on the incident angle theta _n of easily obtained by subtracting the radiation from the object surface from one set.

  Next, referring to the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, a method for acquiring a global thermal image of the wall surface of the room, which is the object of the thermograph described in FIGS. 3 and 4, and calculating the surface temperature of each surface to make a thermograph in detail. I will write.

  First, in order to explain the indoor state of FIG. 4, FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the overhead view of FIG. The numbers in parentheses in FIG. 4 indicate the radiation temperature. In FIG. 8, the structures in the directions (1) to (4) when the infrared detection camera 3 is placed at the imaging point 52 in the room and imaged in the global direction are shown in the square frame of (1) to (4). , 50 is the entrance door of the building, 51 is the entrance door to the adjacent room, 53 is the staircase, 54 is the elevator, 55 is the wall in the (4) direction, 56 is a metal mailbox, and is 1 m from the floor The imaging point 52 of the placed infrared detection camera 3 is placed 8 m from the left corner of the stairs. The height of the ceiling is 3m.

  FIG. 5 shows a flowchart for obtaining the true surface temperature of the wall surface of the room that is the above-described object. First, a global thermal image of each surface that is the object 1 is taken, and a three-dimensional thermal image is created as shown in the first step ST1. Further, as will be described later, since the emissivity differs depending on the incident angle and material to the object 1 as shown in the materials 1 and 2 in FIG. 6, the physical property data of each part is obtained as shown in the second step ST2. Prepare and place. Further, for example, a database as shown in Material 1, Material 2,... Of FIG. 6 in which the emissivity corresponding to the incident angle to the wall surface that is the object 1 is recorded is prepared separately. Hereinafter, this database is referred to as physical property DB.

  FIG. 6 shows one procedure in the case where the buildings 57 and 58 are imaged by the infrared detection camera 3 and the global thermal image 59 is acquired. Scanning of the entire circumference including the wall surface 60 of the building 58 is performed in the pan direction P. Scan 360 ° and 180 ° in the tilt direction C, complete scanning of the entire circumference including the wall surface 60, and obtain a global thermal image.

  If the position indicated by the unit pixel 61 of the building 58 is imaged now, the radiation from the wall surface 60 observed by the infrared detection camera 3 is naturally affected by the atmosphere. Further, the radiation observed on the glass window 64 of the building 57 includes a radiation component 65 from the glass window 63 of the opposing building 58. In addition, the radiation observed in the window in the unit pixel 61 of the building 58 includes a radiation component from the cloud 62 in the opposite sky.

  As shown in the third step ST3, the prepared physical property DB number is assigned to each surface of the three-dimensional thermal image created by integrating the three-dimensional geometric information and the global thermal image. Further, as shown in the sixteenth step ST16, initial data in which the atmospheric state such as the temperature and humidity of the space, the number of multiple reflections, and the like are set is stored in memory.

  A three-dimensional thermal image is obtained by pasting a global thermal image as a texture on a three-dimensional geometric model drawn by CAD or the like.

  In the fourth step ST4, the entire surface of the three-dimensional thermal image is divided into meshes, and the mesh number, radiation temperature, physical property DB number, and normal vector of the mesh are stored in each mesh. At this time, the luminance information of the texture pasted at the position of the mesh generated by division is read, and the radiation temperature is stored in a memory or the like. Further, the atmospheric transmittance is calculated from the atmospheric state set in the sixteenth step ST16 as shown in the seventeenth step ST17 and stored in a memory or the like as in the eighteenth step ST18. These calculations are performed using the Bouguerant-Belt equation.

  In the fifth step ST5, a meshed three-dimensional image is obtained. In the sixth step ST6, a calculation target mesh is selected by ray tracing (ray tracing method) or the like. In the seventh step ST7, the imaging point 52 of the infrared detection camera 3 is set as the origin, and the line of sight is extended to the target mesh on the wall surface.

  Next, in the eighth step ST8 and the ninth step ST9, as shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, the line-of-sight incident angle and the distance to the target mesh can be calculated. In the tenth step ST10, information on the mesh such as a physical property DB and a radiation temperature corresponding to the target mesh is acquired. In the next eleventh step ST11, as shown in FIG. 7C, the incident angle is interpolated from the physical property DB to read the directional emissivity, and in the twelfth step ST12, the reflectivity is calculated by giving the emissivity from Kirchhoff's law.

In the thirteenth step ST13, it is determined whether or not the reflection has been followed for the set number of times. If NO, the process proceeds to the fourteenth step ST14 as shown in D of FIG. In the fifteenth step ST15, the line of sight is extended to the target facing mesh, and after the fifteenth step ST15, the head is returned to the heads of the eighth step ST8 and the ninth step ST9. Here, the inter-surface distance L _{n + 1} and the incident angle θ _{n + 1} of the target facing mesh shown in E of FIG. 7 and F of FIG. 7 are calculated, and the calculation is repeated by the number of target facing meshes. When 13th step ST13 is YES, it progresses to 19th step ST19, and radiation temperature correction based on 1 type is performed.

  After the completion of the 19th step ST19, the surface temperature of the target mesh is obtained from the 20th step ST20. In the 21st step ST21, it is determined whether or not the calculation of the surface temperature has been completed for all the meshes. If YES, the process proceeds to the 22nd step ST22, and a display device such as an LCD, a color printer, a recording medium such as a memory, etc. Displays, prints, and stores a three-dimensional surface temperature distribution image. When 21st step ST21 is NO, it returns to the head of 6th step ST6.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the calculation procedure of the target mesh and the target opposing mesh up to the surface temperature calculation based on Formula 1, and the calculation and search are performed in the order of A, B... That is, in A, the distance from the origin of the infrared detection camera 3 to the target mesh is calculated, and in B, the incident angle is calculated. 7 corresponding to those in FIG. 5 are denoted by step numbers, and the description of the same operations is omitted.

According thermal image recording apparatus and a thermal image recording method of the present invention and its system, the radiation temperature, the surface temperature becomes possible to measure without contact from a remote surface temperature distribution and heat island urban space and buildings It has the effect of obtaining something useful for observing and grasping phenomena.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the present invention can be used for structural diagnosis of buildings and grasping the current state of the heat island phenomenon. These are listed as follows: (1) Structural diagnosis and peeling diagnosis of structures (2) Thermal insulation diagnosis (3) Examination of heat balance Grasping influence factors of heat island formation (4) Grasping problems of thermal environment in living space Although use is assumed, in particular, in (2) to (4), the surface temperature is required instead of the radiation temperature.

It is a flowchart which shows the principle structure of one example of a global thermal image recording device of this invention, a global thermal image recording method, and its system. 1 is a diagram for explaining an observed radiation temperature, showing an embodiment of a global thermal image recording apparatus, a global thermal image recording method and a system thereof according to the present invention. It is a global thermal image figure which shows the global thermal image imaged with the global thermal image recording device of this invention, the global thermal image recording method, and its system. It is a 3D thermal image figure of the global thermal image recording device of the sensor used for this invention, a global thermal image recording method, and its system. It is a flowchart which shows one Example of the global thermal image recording device of this invention, the global thermal image recording method, and its system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the target object and camera for demonstrating the emissivity addition method at the time of imaging of the global thermal image recording device of this invention, the global thermal image recording method, and its system. It is a diagram for demonstrating the radiation | emission from the reflective surface which the global thermal image recording device of this invention, a global thermal image recording method, and its system oppose. It is a top view which shows the floor plan which measures the global thermal image recording device of this invention, the global thermal image recording method, and its system. It is a systematic diagram of the conventional global thermal image recording device.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Object, 3 ... Infrared detection camera, 10 ... CPU, 16 ... Thermal image recording device, 52 ... Imaging point, 57, 58 ... Building, 59 ... Global thermal image, 60 ... Wall surface , 61 Unit pixel (mesh), 63, 64 Glass window

Claims (6)

In a global thermal image recording device that detects infrared rays emitted from an object with an infrared detection camera and images them,
A global thermal image detection means for detecting a global thermal image of the total radiation of the space in which the entire globe of the object is stored in the field of view by the infrared detection camera;
Three-dimensional geometric information forming means for obtaining a three-dimensional thermal image by adding spatial three-dimensional geometric information to the global thermal image;
Emissivity adding means for adding the emissivity of each measurement surface of the three-dimensional thermal image and the emissivity of the reflection surface facing each measurement surface;
Reflection component removal means for simulating the three-dimensional thermal image added by the emissivity addition means by a ray tracing method and removing a reflection component of radiation from the opposing reflection surface reflected on each measurement surface When,
Comprising
Obtaining the surface temperature of each measurement surface of the object from the radiation temperature by calculating the radiation temperature from the emitted infrared radiation and then removing the reflection component by the reflection component removing means Thermal image recording device.   2. The global thermal image recording apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising atmospheric measurement means for measuring an atmospheric state during recording of the global thermal image and atmospheric correction means for performing atmospheric correction. In the global thermal image recording method in which infrared rays emitted from an object are detected and imaged by an infrared detection camera,
A global thermal image detection step of detecting a global thermal image of the total radiation of the space in which the entire globe of the object is viewed by the infrared detection camera;
A three-dimensional geometric information forming step of obtaining a three-dimensional thermal image by adding spatial three-dimensional geometric information to the global thermal image;
An emissivity adding step of adding an emissivity of each measurement surface of the three-dimensional thermal image and an emissivity of a reflection surface facing each measurement surface;
A reflection component removal step of simulating the three-dimensional thermal image added in the emissivity addition step by a ray tracing method and removing a reflection component of radiation from the opposing reflection surface reflected on each measurement surface When,
Comprising
A global heat characterized in that a surface temperature of each measurement surface of the object is obtained from the radiation temperature by an operation of removing a reflection component in the reflection component removal step from a radiation temperature obtained from the emitted infrared radiation. Image recording method.   The global thermal image recording method according to claim 3, wherein the atmospheric state is measured at the time of recording the global thermal image to perform atmospheric correction to remove the influence of atmospheric attenuation. In a global thermal image recording system composed of an infrared detection camera that detects infrared rays radiated from an object and a global thermal image recording device configured to image infrared rays detected by the infrared detection camera,
As the global thermal image recording device,
A global thermal image detection means for detecting a global thermal image of the total radiation of the space in which the entire globe of the object is stored in the field of view by the infrared detection camera;
Three-dimensional geometric information forming means for obtaining a three-dimensional thermal image by adding spatial three-dimensional geometric information to the global thermal image;
Emissivity adding means for adding the emissivity of each measurement surface of the three-dimensional thermal image and the emissivity of the reflection surface facing each measurement surface;
Reflection component removal means for simulating the three-dimensional thermal image added by the emissivity addition means by a ray tracing method and removing a reflection component of radiation from the opposing reflection surface reflected on each measurement surface When,
And obtaining the surface temperature of each measurement surface of the object from the radiation temperature by calculating the radiation temperature from the emitted infrared light and removing the reflection component by the reflection component removing means. A global thermal image recording system. 6. The global thermal image recording system according to claim 5 , further comprising atmospheric measurement means for measuring an atmospheric state during recording of the global thermal image and atmospheric correction means for performing atmospheric correction .

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