JP4159005B2 - Non-aqueous secondary battery - Google Patents

Non-aqueous secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4159005B2
JP4159005B2 JP29779598A JP29779598A JP4159005B2 JP 4159005 B2 JP4159005 B2 JP 4159005B2 JP 29779598 A JP29779598 A JP 29779598A JP 29779598 A JP29779598 A JP 29779598A JP 4159005 B2 JP4159005 B2 JP 4159005B2
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negative electrode
positive electrode
peak
secondary battery
substance
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JP2000123869A (en
JP2000123869A5 (en
Inventor
博行 戸城
英郎 坂田
淳 山野
房次 喜多
浩司 安部
勉 高井
俊一 浜本
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Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd
Ube Corp
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Ube Industries Ltd
Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非水二次電池に関し、さらに詳しくは、高容量で、かつサイクル特性が優れた非水二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
リチウムイオン二次電池に代表される非水二次電池は、容量が大きく、かつ高電圧、高エネルギー密度、高出力であることから、ますます需要が増える傾向にある。
【0003】
しかしながら、この非水二次電池について、本発明者らは、さらなる高機能化を目指して検討を進めていくうちに、電池の容量が増加するにつれ、負極の負極合剤層の密度を高くする必要があり、負極合剤層の密度が1.45g/cm3 以上になると、所望のサイクル特性が得られにくくなることが判明した。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記のような従来の非水二次電池の問題点を解決し、負極合剤層の密度が1.45g/cm3 以上の高容量の非水二次電池において、サイクル特性を向上させることを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、正極、負極およびセパレータを積層した電極積層体と電解液とを有し、正極に4V級の活物質を用い、負極に(002)面の面間距離d002 が3.5Å以下で、かつc軸方向の結晶子の大きさLcが30Å以上である炭素材料を用い、その負極合剤層の密度が1.45g/cm以上で、上記セパレータの厚みが10μm以上20μm以下であり、上記電解液が溶媒としてエチレンカーボネートを全溶媒中の50体積%未満で含有する非水二次電池であって、負極の表面上にFT−IR分析で1645〜1680cm−1に脂肪族の−C=C−に基づく吸収ピークを有する物質を存在させることを特徴とする。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
また、本発明においては、負極の表面上にXPS分析で55.3eVにピークを有する物質を存在させることを好ましい形態としている。さらに、本発明においては、電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量が130mAh/cm以上である場合を好ましい形態としている。さらにまた、本発明においては、負極の表面上にXPS分析で55.3eVにピークを有する物質が存在すると共に55.8eVにピークを有する物質が存在し、かつXPS分析でLiスペクトルのピーク分割を行い各ピークを原子%で表した場合に、55.3eVにピークを有する物質が2〜7原子%で、55.8eVにピークを有する物質が4〜8原子%であることを好ましい形態としている。
【0007】
本発明において、FT−IR分析(高速フーリエ変換型赤外分光分析)は、ニコレ社製FT−IR分析装置740型を用い、測定法はATR法(Ge45°プリズム使用)、分解能は4cm-1で、積算回数300回とし、25℃で測定する。ただし、これと同等の測定条件でも構わない。
【0008】
また、XPS分析(X線光電子分光分析のことでESCA分析とも言われる)では、VG社製ESCA LAB MARK2でMgKα線を用い、12KV−10mA、25℃の条件下で行い、スペクトルの分離を行って、各成分の原子%(at%)を算出するが、これと同等の測定条件でも良い。
【0009】
そして、上記FT−IR分析やXPS分析にあたっては、電池をあらかじめ2.75Vまで1C(1時間でその電池を放電できる電流値)で放電し、露点−75℃のアルゴンドライボックス中で分解し、負極を一定の大きさに切り出し、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)で洗浄して真空乾燥を1日行ったものを測定試料として用いる。
【0010】
本発明で言う、FT−IR分析で検出される1645〜1680cm-1の吸収ピークは脂肪族の−C=C−結合に基づくものである。
【0011】
また、XPS分析で検出される55.3eVのピークはリチウム炭酸塩に基づくピークであり、さらに55.8eVにLiFに基づくピークを有することが好ましい。また、この比率はXPS分析でLiスペクトルのピーク分割を行い各ピークを原子%で表した場合に、55.3eVにピークを有する物質が2〜7原子%で、55.8eVにピークを有する物質が4〜8原子%であることが好ましい。
【0012】
負極の表面状態については、竹原や金村らが、負極の表面にはLi2 OやLiOH、Li2 CO3 などの被膜が形成され、さらにLiPF6 を電解質塩とする電解液を用いた場合には負極の表面にLiFの被膜が形成されることを報告している〔JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 68,P82−86(1997)〕。また、AURBACHらもLi負極やLiの挿入された炭素負極の表面状態について検討していて、アルキルカーボネートを用いた電解液と負極とが反応して負極の表面上にLi2 CO3 や有機炭酸塩、LiOR(Rはアルキル基)の被膜が形成されていることをIRで確認しており、Li2 O、LiFなどの被膜は形成されている可能性も示唆している〔JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 68,P91−98(1997)〕。
【0013】
負極の表面被膜はサイクル特性の良否などに係わることから重要であり、その被膜が求められる性質としては、薄くてイオン伝導性が高くかつ電解液の内部への進入を抑制できることである。しかし、リチウムイオン二次電池の電解液溶媒としてエチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)などのエステルが主に用いられ、電解質塩としてLiPF6 が主に用いられている現状では、負極の表面に上記のLi2 CO3 や有機炭酸塩、LiOR(Rはアルキル基)、Li2 O、LiFなどで被膜を形成するしかなく、それによって、ある程度のイオン伝導性や電解液の電極内部への進入抑制効果が期待できるものの、電池をサイクル(充放電)するにつれて被膜が厚くなったり、イオン移動がスムーズに行われなくなり、電池の容量が低下しやすい。この現象は負極に炭素材料を用いている場合、その炭素材料1g当たりの充放電容量が290mAh以上になると顕著に現れるようになる。
【0014】
そこで、本発明者らは、負極の表面被膜を改良するために脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物を所定量混入させた被膜とし、サイクル時の容量劣化を低減したのである。また、それによって、負極の表面被膜にリチウム炭酸塩の生成が促進されかつ電解液との反応を抑制し炭酸塩がLiFに変質するのを適度に抑制するので、被膜内部のイオン伝導性が低下するのを防止でき、イオン輸送がスムーズに行われるのでサイクルに伴う容量劣化が少なくなったものと考えられる。
【0015】
また、LiFに基づく55.8eVのピークをある程度含むことを好ましい形態としているのは、LiFが電解液と反応しにくい強固な被膜を形成しやすく、脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物が一部重合したり、LiFと共存して形成される被膜がイオン伝導性と負極の電解液との反応抑制の効果がバランス良く発現するからである。
【0016】
負極の表面に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物を含む被膜の作り方としては、電解質(本発明において、この「電解質」という用語の中には、一般に電解液と呼ばれている液状電解質はもとより、ゲル状電解質なども含まれている)中に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物を添加することが有効である。その際、炭酸塩の生成を促進するために、上記化合物としては、−O−C(=O)結合を有するエステルや−O−C(=O)O−結合を有する有機炭酸エステルが好ましく、特に−O−C(=O)O−結合を有する有機炭酸エステルが好ましい。また、表面で良い被膜を効率よく生成するためには環状構造となっていることが好ましく、このような環状構造になっているものは一部が負極表面上で重合して優れた保護被膜が形成される。
【0017】
上記のような負極の被膜形成に用いる脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物としては、例えば、ビニレンカーボネート、クマリン、2−フラノン、また、アルキル基置換ビニレンカーボネート、アルキル基置換フラノンなどのようなそれらの誘導体などが挙げられる。また、フラン、アルキル基置換フランなどのように、単に−C=C−結合を有する化合物なども用いることができるが、炭酸塩被膜の形成も促進させるならばビニレンカーボネート、アルキル基置換ビニレンカーボネートなどが好ましい。
【0018】
この脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物の添加量は電解質の溶媒成分中0.5体積%以上が好ましく、より好ましくは1体積%以上、さらに好ましくは1.5体積%以上である。これは添加量が少なすぎる場合にはその効果が発現しにくくなる傾向があるからである。また、添加量が多くなりすぎると電池の容量が小さくなる傾向があることから、添加量は電解質の溶媒成分中5体積%以下が好ましい、より好ましくは3体積%以下、さらに好ましくは2.5体積%以下である。なお、この添加量はあくまでも初期の量であって、被膜の形成量に応じて電解質中に存在する量は減少する。
【0019】
本発明において、電解質としては、液状電解質、ゲル状電解質、固体電解質のいずれであってもよいが、本発明においては、特に液状電解質を用いることが多いことから、以下、この液状電解質に関して当業者間で慣用されている「電解液」という表現を用い、それを中心に詳細に説明する。
【0020】
本発明において、電解液の溶媒としてはエステルが好適に用いられる。特に鎖状エステルは、電解液の粘度を下げ、イオン伝導度を高めることから好適に用いられる。このような鎖状エステルとしては、例えば、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、プロピオン酸メチルなどの鎖状のCOO−結合を有する有機溶媒、リン酸トリメチルなどの鎖状リン酸トリエステルなどが挙げられ、それらの中でも特に鎖状のカーボネート類が好ましい。
【0021】
また、上記鎖状エステルなどに下記の誘電率が高いエステル(誘電率30以上)を混合して用いると負荷特性などが向上するので好ましい。このような誘電率が高いエステルとしては、例えば、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)、ガンマーブチロラクトン(γ−BL)、エチレングリコールサルファイト(EGS)などが挙げられる。特に環状構造のものが好ましく、とりわけ環状のカーボネートが好ましく、エチレンカーボネート(EC)が最も好ましい。
【0022】
上記高誘電率エステルは電解液の全溶媒中の50体積%未満が好ましく、より好ましくは40体積%以下、さらに好ましくは35体積%以下である。そして、これらの誘電率の高いエステルによる特性の向上は、上記エステルが電解液の全溶媒中で10体積%以上になると顕著になり、20体積%に達するとより顕著になる。また、これと混合する鎖状エステルは、電解液の全溶媒中の50体積%以上が好ましく、より好ましくは60体積%以上、さらに好ましくは65体積%以上である。
【0023】
上記エステル以外に併用可能な溶媒としては、例えば、1,2−ジメトキシエタン(DME)、1,3−ジオキソラン(DO)、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、2−メチル−テトラヒドロフラン(2Me−THF)、ジエチルエーテル(DEE)などが挙げられる。そのほか、アミン系またはイミド系有機溶媒や、含イオウ系または含フッ素系有機溶媒なども用いることができる。また、ポリエチレンオキサイドやポリメタクリル酸メチルなどのポリマーを含んでゲル状になっていてもよい。
【0024】
電解液の溶質としては、例えば、LiClO4 、LiPF6 、LiBF4 、LiAsF6 、LiSbF6 、LiCF3 SO3 、LiC4 9 SO3 、LiCF3 CO2 、Li2 2 4 (SO3 2 、LiN(CF3 SO2 2 、LiC(CF3 SO2 3 、LiCn 2n+1SO3 (n≧2)、LiN(RfOSO2 2 〔ここでRfはフルオロアルキル基〕などが単独でまたは2種以上混合して用いられるが、特にFを含有するリチウム塩が好ましく、なかでもLiPF6 が好ましい。電解液中における溶質の濃度は、特に限定されるものではないが、濃度を1mol/l以上の多めにすると安全性がよくなるので好ましい。1.2mol/l以上がより好ましい。また、1.7mol/lより少ないと電気特性が良くなるので好ましく、1.5mol/lより少ないとさらに好ましい。
【0025】
本発明においては、脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物の電解質中の含有量を、電解質の溶媒成分中において上記脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物が占める体積%で規定するが、上記溶媒成分はその構成成分のすべてが常温で液体であることは要求されない。例えば、上記脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物中にはクマリンなどのように常温で固体のものもあるが、それを溶媒に溶かすと溶液になるので、本発明では、それを溶媒成分ということにする。言い換えると、電解質をリチウム塩でイオン伝導に直接関与する溶質とそれ以外のものとに分けた場合に溶質以外のものを溶媒成分という。
【0026】
上記脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物を含有する電解液の調製は、例えば、溶媒と上記脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物を混合し、そこに溶質を溶解させればよい。ただし、調製方法は上記例示の方法に限られることなく、他の方法によってもよい。
【0027】
本発明において、正極に4V級の活物質を用いるのは、高電圧で、エネルギー密度の高い高出力の電池を実現でき、近年需要が増大している携帯型電子機器の電源として適しているという理由によるものであり、このような4V級の活物質としては、例えば、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2 )、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2 )、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2 )とニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2 )との固溶体、スピネル型マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2 4 )などや、それらに他の金属(Li、Co、Ni、Feなど)を適宜固溶させたものなどが挙げられる。
【0028】
正極は、例えば、上記正極活物質に、必要に応じて、例えば鱗片状黒鉛などの導電助剤やポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンなどのバインダを加え、混合して正極合剤を調製し、それを溶剤で分散させてペーストにし(バインダはあらかじめ溶剤に溶解させてから正極活物質などと混合してもよい)、その正極合剤ペーストを金属箔などからなる正極集電材に塗布し、乾燥して、正極集電材の少なくとも一部に正極合剤層を形成することによって作製される。ただし、正極の作製方法は、上記例示の方法に限られることなく、他の方法によってもよい。
【0029】
正極に用いる正極集電材は、アルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔が好ましく、そのアルミニウムの純度は98重量%以上99.9重量%未満が好ましい。通常のリチウムイオン二次電池では純度が99.9重量%以上のアルミニウム箔が正極集電材として用いられているが、本発明においては高容量化やサイクル特性の向上を図るため厚さが15μm以下の薄い金属箔を用いるのが好ましい。そのため、薄くても使用に耐え得る強度にしておくことが好ましく、そのような強度を確保するためには純度が99.9重量%未満であることが好ましい。アルミニウムに添加する金属として特に好ましいのは、鉄とシリコンである。鉄は0.5重量%以上が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.7重量%以上であり、また、2重量%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは1.3重量%以下である。シリコンは0.1重量%以上が好ましく、より好ましくは0.2重量%以上であり、また1.0重量%以下が好ましく、より好ましくは0.3重量%以下である。これらの鉄やシリコンはアルミニウムと合金化していることが必要であり、アルミニウム中に不純物として存在するものではない。
【0030】
そして、正極集電材の引張り強度としては150N/mm2 以上が好ましく、より好ましくは180N/mm2 以上である。また、本発明において用いる正極集電材は、伸びが2%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは3%以上である。これは電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量が大きくなるにつれて電極合剤層の充電時の膨張が大きくなるため、その膨張によって正極集電材に応力が発生し、それによって、正極集電材に亀裂や切断などが発生しやすくなるが、正極集電材の伸びを大きくしておくと、その伸びによって応力を緩和し、正極集電材の亀裂や切断などを防止できるようになるからである。
【0031】
本発明においては、上記のように、正極集電材として厚みが15μm以下のアルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔を用いることが好ましいとしているが、これは厚みが薄いほど電池の高容量化に好都合であるという理由によるものである。しかし、あまりにも薄くなりすぎると、正極の作製時や巻回構造の電極体の作製時などに正極集電材の強度不足による切断などが生じるおそれがあるため、正極集電材の厚みとしては、上記のように15μm以下であって、5μm以上、特に8μm以上が実用上適している。
【0032】
また、正極集電材の表面は片面が粗面化していることが好ましい。そして、その粗な面が巻回体において外周側の面にあることが好ましい。これは、巻回体の場合、外周側の面が巻回中心部に近くなるほど対向する負極が多く存在しているので正極が劣化しやすいため、外周側に粗な面を用いて接着性を高めることにより正極の劣化を低減できるからである。粗な面の好ましい平均粗度はRaで0.1〜0.5μmであり、より好ましくは0.2〜0.3μmである。そして、光沢面の好ましい平均粗度はRaで0.2μm以下で、より好ましくは0.1μm以下である。
【0033】
また、正極集電材の濡れ性が悪い場合、電池をサイクル(充放電)させた場合にサイクル特性の低下が生じやすい傾向にある。そのような場合には正極集電材の濡れ性を37dyne/cm以上にすることが好ましい。
【0034】
負極に用いる材料は、リチウムイオンをドープ、脱ドープできるものであればよく、本発明においては、それを負極活物質と呼んでいるが、そのような負極活物質として、例えば、黒鉛、熱分解炭素類、コークス類、ガラス状炭素類、有機高分子化合物の焼成体、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ、炭素繊維、活性炭などの炭素材料を用いる。特に2500℃以上で焼成したメソカーボンマイクロビーズは、負極合剤層を高密度に作製してもサイクル特性が良好であることから好ましい。
【0035】
負極活物質として負極に用いる炭素材料は下記の特性を持つものが好ましい。すなわち、その(002)面の面間距離d002 に関しては、3.5Å以下が好ましく、より好ましくは3.45Å以下、さらに好ましくは3.4Å以下である。またc軸方向の結晶子の大きさLcは30Å以上が好ましく、より好ましくは80Å以上、さらに好ましくは250Å以上である。そして、上記炭素材料の平均粒径は8〜20μm、特に10〜15μmが好ましく、純度は99.9重量%以上が好ましい。
【0036】
負極は、例えば、上記負極活物質としての炭素材料に、必要に応じ、正極の場合と同様の導電助剤やバインダなどを加え、混合して負極合剤を調製し、それを溶剤に分散させてペーストにし(バインダはあらかじめ溶剤に溶解させておいてから負極活物質などと混合してもよい)、その負極合剤ペーストを銅箔などからなる負極集電材に塗布し、乾燥して、負極集電材の少なくとも一部に負極合剤層を形成することによって作製される。ただし、負極の作製方法は上記例示の方法に限られることなく、他の方法によってもよい。
【0037】
上記負極集電材としては、例えば、銅箔、アルミニウム箔、ニッケル箔、ステンレス鋼箔などの金属箔や、それらの金属を網状にしたものなどが用いられるが、特に銅箔が適している。
【0038】
負極に炭素材料を用いるに際して、高容量化を図るために、その負極の負極合剤層の密度を1.45g/cm3 以上にするが、特に負極合剤層の密度を1.5g/cm3 以上にすることが好ましい。通常、負極を高密度にすると、高容量は得られやすくなるが、電解液の浸透が遅くなり、また活物質の利用度も不均一になりやすいため、サイクル特性が低下しやすくなる。そのような場合には、本発明において用いる脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合を有する化合物の効果がより顕著に発現するようになる。
【0039】
セパレータとしては、特に限定されることはなく従来と同様のものを使用できるが、例えば、厚みが10〜20μm程度の微孔性ポリエチレンフィルム、微孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、微孔性エチレン−プロピレンコポリマーフィルムなどのポリオレフィン系セパレータは、薄くても充分な強度を有しているので、正極活物質や負極活物質などの充填量を高めることができるとともに熱伝導性が改善され、電池内部の発熱に対しても放熱を促進するので、本発明において好適に使用される。特に電極積層体と電池ケースとの間にセパレータが介在する場合は電極内部の熱を放熱する効果が大きい。
【0040】
本発明は、電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量が130mAh/cm3 以上の非水二次電池を対象とすることを好ましいとしているが、これは高容量化を図るという理由に基づいている。本発明において、電極積層体の体積とは、正極、負極およびセパレータを積層したものまたは正極、負極およびセパレータを巻回したものの電池内における嵩体積であって、後者のように巻回したものにあっては、巻回に際して使用した巻き軸に基づく巻回体中心部の透孔などは体積として含まない。要は正極、負極、セパレータが占める嵩体積を合計したものである。これら正極、負極、セパレータの3つの体積は電池の容量を決定する重要な因子であり、電池の大きさにかかわらず、電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量(放電容量/電極積層体の体積)を計算することによって、電池の容量密度を比較することができる。また、ここでいう放電容量とは、その電池の標準使用条件で充放電させた場合の放電容量である。なお、本発明において、標準使用条件とは、1C(その電池を1時間で放電できる電流)で25℃で4.2Vまで充電し、4.2Vに達した後は、定電圧充電を行い、充電を2時間半で終了し、0.2Cで2.75Vまで放電することを言い、その標準使用条件で充放電させて放電容量を測定し、電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量を求める。そして、より高容量化を図るという観点からは、電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量は140mAh/cm3 以上がより好ましく、150mAh/cm3 以上がさらに好ましい。
【0041】
【実施例】
つぎに、実施例をあげて本発明をより具体的に説明する。ただし、本発明はそれらの実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0042】
実施例1
メチルエチルカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとビニレンカーボネートとを体積比65:33:2で混合し、この混合溶媒にLiPF6 を1.4mol/l溶解させて、組成が1.4mol/lLiPF6 /EC:MEC:VC(33:65:2体積比)で示される電解液を調製した。
【0043】
上記電解液における、ECはエチレンカーボネートの略称であり、MECはメチルエチルカーボネートの略称であり、VCはビニレンカーボネートの略称である。従って、上記電解液を示す1.4mol/l LiPF6 /EC:MEC:VC(33:65:2体積比)は、メチルエチルカーボネート65体積%とエチレンカーボネート33体積%とビニレンカーボネート2体積%との混合溶媒にLiPF6 を1.4mol/l相当を溶解させたものであることを示している。
【0044】
上記とは別に、LiCoO2 に導電助剤として鱗片状黒鉛を重量比100:6で加えて混合し、この混合物と、ポリフッ化ビニリデンをN−メチルピロリドンに溶解させた溶液とを混合してペースト状にした。この正極合剤ペーストを70メッシュの網を通過させて大きなものを取り除いた後、厚さ15μmのアルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔からなる正極集電材の両面に塗布量が24.6mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の正極合剤量)となるように均一に塗布し、乾燥して正極合剤層を形成し、その後、ローラプレス機により圧縮成形した後、切断し、リード体を溶接して、帯状の正極を作製した。
【0045】
上記正極集電材として用いたアルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔は、鉄を1重量%、シリコンを0.15重量%含んでおり、アルミニウムの純度は98重量%以上であった。また、正極集電材として用いたアルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔の引張り強度は185N/mm2 であり、粗面の平均粗度Raは0.2μmで、光沢面の平均粗度Raは0.04μmであった。そして、上記正極集電材として用いたアルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔は、濡れ性が38dyne/cmで、伸びが3%であった。
【0046】
つぎに、メソカーボンマイクロビーズの黒鉛系炭素材料〔ただし、(002)面の面間距離d002 が3.37Å、c軸方向の結晶子の大きさLcが950Å、平均粒径15μm、純度99.9重量%以上という特性を持つ黒鉛系炭素材料〕を、ポリフッ化ビニリデンをN−メチルピロリドンに溶解させた溶液と混合してペーストにした。この負極合剤ペーストを70メッシュの網を通過させて大きなものを取り除いた後、厚さ10μmの帯状の銅箔からなる負極集電材の両面に塗布量が12.0mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の負極合剤量)となるように均一に塗布して乾燥し、負極合剤層を形成し、その後、ローラプレス機により圧縮成形し、切断した後、乾燥し、リード体を溶接して、帯状の負極を作製した。なお、負極の負極合剤層の密度は1.5g/cm3 であった。
【0047】
前記帯状の正極を厚さ20μmの微孔性ポリエチレンフィルムを介して上記帯状の負極に重ね、渦巻状に巻回して渦巻状巻回構造の積層電極体とした。その際、正極集電材の粗面側が外周側になるようにして巻回した。そして、上記積層電極体の体積は11.4cm3 であった。その後、この電極体を外径18mmの有底円筒状の電池ケース内に充填し、正極および負極のリード体の溶接を行った。
【0048】
つぎに、上記電解液を電池ケース内に注入し、電解液がセパレータなどに充分に浸透した後、封口し、予備充電、エイジングを行い、図1の模式図に示すような構造の筒形の非水二次電池を作製した。
【0049】
この電池を2.75Vまで1Cで放電し、露点−75℃のアルゴンドライボックス中で分解し、負極を一定の大きさに切り出し、メチルエチルカーボネートで洗浄して真空乾燥を1日行った後、負極の表面被膜をFT−IR分析したところ、1649cm-1に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合に基づく吸収ピークが観測され、XPS分析したところ、55.3eVにピークを有する物質が4.1原子%、55.8eVにピークを有する物質が6.6原子%検出された。
【0050】
ここで、図1に示す電池について説明しておくと、1は前記の正極で、2は前記の負極である。ただし、図1では、繁雑化を避けるため、正極1や負極2の作製にあたって使用された集電体などは図示していない。そして、これらの正極1と負極2はセパレータ3を介して渦巻状に巻回され、渦巻状巻回構造の電極積層体にして、上記の特定電解液からなる電解質4と共に電池ケース5内に収容されている。
【0051】
電池ケース5は前記のようにステンレス鋼製で、その底部には上記渦巻状巻回構造の電極積層体の挿入に先立って、ポリプロピレンからなる絶縁体6が配置されている。封口板7は、アルミニウム製で円板状をしていて、その中央部に薄肉部7aを設け、かつ上記薄肉部7aの周囲に電池内圧を防爆弁9に作用させるための圧力導入口7bとしての孔が設けられている。そして、この薄肉部7aの上面に防爆弁9の突出部9aが溶接され、溶接部分11を構成している。なお、上記の封口板7に設けた薄肉部7aや防爆弁9の突出部9aなどは、図面上での理解がしやすいように、切断面のみを図示しており、切断面後方の輪郭線は図示を省略している。また、封口板7の薄肉部7aと防爆弁9の突出部9aの溶接部分11も、図面上での理解が容易なように、実際よりは誇張した状態に図示している。
【0052】
端子板8は、圧延鋼製で表面にニッケルメッキが施され、周縁部が鍔状になった帽子状をしており、この端子板8にはガス排出口8aが設けられる。防爆弁9は、アルミニウム製で円板状をしており、その中央部には発電要素側(図1では、下側)に先端部を有する突出部9aが設けられ、かつ薄肉部9bが設けられ、上記突出部9aの下面が、前記したように、封口板7の薄肉部7aの上面に溶接され、溶接部分11を構成している。絶縁パッキング10は、ポリプロピレン製で環状をしており、封口板7の周縁部の上部に配置され、その上部に防爆弁9が配置していて、封口板7と防爆弁9とを絶縁するとともに、両者の間から液状の電解質が漏れないように両者の間隙を封止している。環状ガスケット12はポリプロピレン製で、リード体13はアルミニウム製で、前記封口板7と正極1とを接続し、渦巻状巻回構造の電極積層体の上部には絶縁体14が配置され、負極2と電池ケース5の底部とはニッケル製のリード体15で接続されている。
【0053】
実施例2
正極合剤ペーストの塗布量を23.6mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の正極合剤量)とし、負極合剤ペーストの塗布量を11.49mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の負極合剤量)とし、セパレータとして従来から汎用されている厚さ25μmの微孔性ポリエチレンフィルムを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に筒形の非水二次電池を作製した。
【0054】
この実施例2の電池を実施例1と同様に放電し処理した後、負極の表面被膜をFT−IR分析したところ、1649cm-1に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合に基づく吸収ピークが観測され、また、XPS分析したところ、55.3eVにピークを有する物質が4.2原子%、55.8eVにピークを有する物質が6.7原子%検出された。
【0055】
比較例1
ビニレンカーボネートを添加せず、そのぶんメチルエチルカーボネートを増量した以外は、実施例1と同様に筒形の非水二次電池を作製した。
【0056】
この比較例1の電池を実施例1と同様に放電し処理した後、負極の表面被膜をFT−IR分析したところ、1649cm-1に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合に基づく吸収ピークは観測されず、また、XPS分析したところ、55.3eVにピークを有する物質も検出されなかった。その代わりに54.5eVにピークを有する物質が検出された。
【0057】
比較例2
ビニレンカーボネートを添加せず、そのぶんメチルエチルカーボネートを増量し、負極合剤量を減らして負極の負極合剤層の密度を1.4g/cm3 にした以外は、実施例1と同様に筒形の非水二次電池を作製した。
【0058】
この比較例2の電池を実施例1と同様に放電し処理した後、負極の表面被膜をFT−IR分析したところ、1649cm-1に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合に基づく吸収ピークは観測されず、また、XPS分析したところ、55.3eVにピークを有する物質も検出されなかった。その代わりに54.5eVにピークを有する物質が検出された。
【0059】
比較例3
ビニレンカーボネートを添加せず、そのぶんメチルエチルカーボネートを増量し、正極集電材として従来から汎用されている厚さ20μmのアルミニウムを主成分とする箔を用いた。このアルミニウムを主成分とする箔には鉄が0.03重量%、シリコンが0.02重量%含まれており、純度は99.94重量%であった。引張り強度は140N/mm2 (15μm換算値)であり、両面光沢面で平均粗度Raは0.04μmであった。また、濡れ性は36dyne/cmで、伸びは3%であった。この正極集電材の両面に実施例1と同様の正極合剤ペーストを塗布量が23.9mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の正極合剤量)となるように均一に塗布し、乾燥して正極合剤層を形成し、その後、ローラプレス機により圧縮成形した後、切断し、リード体を溶接して、帯状の正極を作製した。また、負極は実施例1と同様の厚さ10μmの銅箔からなる負極集電材の両面に実施例1と同様の負極合剤ペーストを塗布量が11.0mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の負極合剤量)となるように均一に塗布し、乾燥して負極合剤層を形成し、セパレータと実施例2と同様に厚さ25μmの微孔性ポリエチレンフィルムを用い、それら以外は実施例1と同様に筒形の非水二次電池を作製した。
【0060】
この比較例3の電池を実施例1と同様に放電し処理した後、負極の表面被膜をFT−IR分析したところ、1649cm-1に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合に基づく吸収ピークは観測されず、また、XPS分析したところ、55.3eVにピークを有する物質も検出されなかった。その代わりに54.5eVにピークを有する物質が検出された。
【0061】
比較例4
正極合剤ペーストの塗布量を20.0mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の正極合剤量)とし、負極合剤ペーストの塗布量を12.0mg/cm2 (ただし、乾燥後の負極合剤量)とした以外は、比較例3と同様に筒形の非水二次電池を作製し
【0062】
この比較例4の電池を実施例1と同様に放電し処理した後、負極の表面被膜をFT−IR分析したところ、1649cm-1に脂肪族の−C=C−二重結合に基づく吸収ピークは観測されず、また、XPS分析したところ、55.3eVにピークを有する物質も検出されなかった。その代わりに54.5eVにピークを有する物質が検出された。
【0063】
上記実施例1〜2および比較例1〜4の電池を、1700mA(1C)で2.75Vまで放電した後1700mAで充電し、4.2Vに達した後は、4.2Vの定電圧に保つ条件で2時間半の充電を行った。その後、電池を1700mAで2.75Vまで放電する充放電を繰り返し、1サイクル目の放電容量および100サイクル目の放電容量を測定し、それに基づき、100サイクル目での1サイクル目に対する容量保持率〔(100サイクル目の放電容量)/(1サイクル目の放電容量)×100〕を求めた。その結果を電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量および1サイクル目の放電容量と共に表1に示す。なお、いずれの電池も電極積層体の体積は11.4cm3 であった。
【0064】
【表1】

Figure 0004159005
【0065】
表1に示すように、比較例1の電池では、100サイクル目での容量保持率が78%にまで低下したのに対し、実施例1〜2の電池は容量保持率が94%以上であって、サイクル特性が優れていた。また、実施例1〜2に電池は、放電容量が大きく、高容量であり、特に薄いセパレータを用いた実施例1の電池は放電容量が大きかった。なお、比較例4の電池は、100サイクル目での容量保持率が高く、サイクル特性は優れていたが、放電容量が小さく、電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量が130mAh/cm3 に満たなかった。
【0066】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明では、正極に4V級の活物質を用い、電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量が130mAh/cm3 以上の高容量の非水二次電池において、サイクル特性を向上させ、サイクル特性の優れた非水二次電池を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の非水二次電池の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 正極
2 負極
3 セパレータ
4 電解質[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-aqueous secondary battery, and more particularly, to a non-aqueous secondary battery having high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Non-aqueous secondary batteries typified by lithium ion secondary batteries have a large capacity, high voltage, high energy density, and high output, and therefore there is an increasing demand.
[0003]
  However, the inventors of this non-aqueous secondary battery will increase the density of the negative electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode as the capacity of the battery increases while studying for further enhancement of functionality. The density of the negative electrode mixture layer is 1.45 g / cmThreeWhen it became above, it turned out that it became difficult to obtain desired cycling characteristics.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  The present invention solves the problems of the conventional non-aqueous secondary battery as described above, and the density of the negative electrode mixture layer is 1.45 g / cm.ThreeAn object of the present invention is to improve cycle characteristics in the high capacity non-aqueous secondary battery.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The present invention includes an electrode laminate in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are laminated, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode uses a 4V class active material, and the negative electrode has a (002) plane distance d.002 Is a carbon material having a c-axis direction crystallite size Lc of 30 mm or more, and the density of the negative electrode mixture layer is 1.45 g / cm.3Thus, the separator has a thickness of 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and the electrolytic solution contains ethylene carbonate as a solvent in an amount of less than 50% by volume of the total solvent. -1645 to 1680 cm by IR analysis-1In the present invention, a substance having an absorption peak based on aliphatic -C = C- is present.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Moreover, in this invention, it is set as the preferable form that the substance which has a peak in 55.3eV by XPS analysis exists on the surface of a negative electrode. Furthermore, in the present invention, the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate is 130 mAh / cm.3The case where it is above is made into the preferable form. Furthermore, in the present invention, there is a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV in the XPS analysis on the surface of the negative electrode, a substance having a peak at 55.8 eV, and a peak splitting of the Li spectrum by the XPS analysis. When each peak is expressed in terms of atomic%, it is preferable that the substance having a peak at 55.3 eV is 2 to 7 atomic% and the substance having a peak at 55.8 eV is 4 to 8 atomic%. .
[0007]
In the present invention, FT-IR analysis (fast Fourier transform type infrared spectroscopic analysis) uses FT-IR analyzer type 740 manufactured by Nicole, measuring method is ATR method (using Ge45 ° prism), and resolution is 4 cm.-1Then, the number of integration is 300 times, and measurement is performed at 25 ° C. However, measurement conditions equivalent to this may be used.
[0008]
In XPS analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis is also called ESCA analysis), the spectrum is separated by using VG's ESCA LAB MARK2 using MgKα rays under conditions of 12KV-10mA and 25 ° C. The atomic% (at%) of each component is calculated, but the measurement conditions equivalent to this may be used.
[0009]
In the above FT-IR analysis and XPS analysis, the battery is discharged to 2.75 V in advance at 1 C (current value that can discharge the battery in one hour) and decomposed in an argon dry box with a dew point of -75 ° C. A negative electrode is cut into a certain size, washed with methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) and vacuum-dried for 1 day, and used as a measurement sample.
[0010]
According to the present invention, 1645 to 1680 cm detected by FT-IR analysis-1The absorption peak of is based on an aliphatic -C = C- bond.
[0011]
In addition, the 55.3 eV peak detected by XPS analysis is a peak based on lithium carbonate, and preferably has a peak based on LiF at 55.8 eV. In addition, this ratio is obtained by dividing the peak of the Li spectrum by XPS analysis, and when each peak is expressed in atomic%, the substance having a peak at 55.3 eV is 2 to 7 atomic% and the substance having a peak at 55.8 eV. Is preferably 4 to 8 atomic%.
[0012]
Regarding the surface state of the negative electrode, Takehara and Kanamura et al.2O, LiOH, Li2COThreeAnd a LiPF film is formed.6It has been reported that a LiF film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode when an electrolytic solution containing an electrolyte salt is used [JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 68, P82-86 (1997)]. AURBACH et al. Have also studied the surface state of a Li negative electrode and a carbon negative electrode with Li inserted therein, and an electrolyte using an alkyl carbonate reacts with the negative electrode to form Li on the surface of the negative electrode.2COThreeIt has been confirmed by IR that a film of organic carbonate, LiOR (R is an alkyl group) is formed, and Li2It is also suggested that a film of O, LiF or the like may be formed [JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 68, P91-98 (1997)].
[0013]
The surface coating of the negative electrode is important because it is related to the quality of cycle characteristics, and the properties required for the coating are that it is thin, has high ionic conductivity, and can suppress entry into the electrolyte. However, esters such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) are mainly used as an electrolyte solvent for lithium ion secondary batteries. LiPF as electrolyte salt6Currently, the above Li is formed on the negative electrode surface.2COThreeAnd organic carbonates, LiOR (R is an alkyl group), Li2A film can only be formed with O, LiF, etc., and thereby a certain degree of ionic conductivity and the effect of suppressing the entry of electrolyte into the electrode can be expected, but the film becomes thicker as the battery is cycled (charge / discharge). , Ion movement is not performed smoothly, and the battery capacity tends to decrease. When a carbon material is used for the negative electrode, this phenomenon becomes prominent when the charge / discharge capacity per 1 g of the carbon material is 290 mAh or more.
[0014]
In view of this, the present inventors reduced the capacity deterioration during the cycle by using a coating in which a predetermined amount of a compound having an aliphatic -C = C-double bond was mixed in order to improve the surface coating of the negative electrode. . This also promotes the formation of lithium carbonate on the surface coating of the negative electrode, suppresses the reaction with the electrolyte, and moderately suppresses the transformation of carbonate to LiF, thus reducing the ionic conductivity inside the coating. It is considered that the capacity deterioration accompanying the cycle is reduced because the ion transport is performed smoothly.
[0015]
In addition, it is preferable to include a 55.8 eV peak based on LiF to some extent, because LiF is easy to form a strong film that hardly reacts with the electrolyte, and an aliphatic —C═C—double bond is formed. This is because a partly polymerized compound or a film formed in coexistence with LiF expresses the effect of suppressing the reaction between the ion conductivity and the negative electrode electrolyte in a well-balanced manner.
[0016]
As a method for forming a coating film containing a compound having an aliphatic —C═C— double bond on the surface of the negative electrode, an electrolyte (in the present invention, the term “electrolyte” is generally referred to as an electrolyte solution). It is effective to add a compound having an aliphatic -C = C-double bond into a liquid electrolyte (including a gel electrolyte). In that case, in order to promote the production | generation of carbonate, as said compound, the ester which has -O-C (= O) bond, and the organic carbonate ester which has -O-C (= O) O- bond are preferable, In particular, an organic carbonate having a —O—C (═O) O— bond is preferred. In order to efficiently produce a good film on the surface, it is preferable to have a cyclic structure, and those having such a cyclic structure are partly polymerized on the negative electrode surface and have an excellent protective film. It is formed.
[0017]
Examples of the compound having an aliphatic —C═C—double bond used for forming a negative electrode film as described above include vinylene carbonate, coumarin, 2-furanone, alkyl group-substituted vinylene carbonate, and alkyl group-substituted furanone. Their derivatives such as and the like. In addition, a compound having a —C═C— bond, such as furan or alkyl group-substituted furan, can be used, but vinylene carbonate, alkyl group-substituted vinylene carbonate, etc., if the formation of a carbonate film is promoted. Is preferred.
[0018]
The addition amount of the compound having an aliphatic —C═C—double bond is preferably 0.5% by volume or more, more preferably 1% by volume or more, further preferably 1.5% by volume or more in the solvent component of the electrolyte. It is. This is because if the addition amount is too small, the effect tends to be hardly exhibited. Moreover, since the capacity of the battery tends to be reduced when the addition amount is excessively large, the addition amount is preferably 5% by volume or less in the solvent component of the electrolyte, more preferably 3% by volume or less, and still more preferably 2.5%. % By volume or less. The amount added is only an initial amount, and the amount present in the electrolyte decreases according to the amount of coating formed.
[0019]
In the present invention, the electrolyte may be any of a liquid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, and a solid electrolyte. However, in the present invention, a liquid electrolyte is often used. The expression “electrolyte” that is commonly used in between will be used and will be described in detail.
[0020]
In the present invention, an ester is suitably used as the solvent for the electrolytic solution. In particular, chain esters are preferably used because they lower the viscosity of the electrolyte and increase the ionic conductivity. Examples of such chain esters include organic solvents having a chain COO-bond such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and methyl propionate, chain phosphate triesters such as trimethyl phosphate, and the like. Among them, chain carbonates are particularly preferable.
[0021]
In addition, it is preferable to mix and use the following ester having a high dielectric constant (dielectric constant of 30 or more) with the chain ester because load characteristics and the like are improved. Examples of the ester having a high dielectric constant include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), gamma-butyrolactone (γ-BL), ethylene glycol sulfite (EGS), and the like. . In particular, those having a cyclic structure are preferred, cyclic carbonates are particularly preferred, and ethylene carbonate (EC) is most preferred.
[0022]
The high dielectric constant ester is preferably less than 50% by volume in the total solvent of the electrolytic solution, more preferably 40% by volume or less, and still more preferably 35% by volume or less. And the improvement of the characteristic by these ester with high dielectric constant becomes remarkable when the said ester becomes 10 volume% or more in all the solvents of electrolyte solution, and becomes more remarkable when it reaches 20 volume%. Further, the chain ester mixed with this is preferably 50% by volume or more, more preferably 60% by volume or more, and still more preferably 65% by volume or more in the total solvent of the electrolytic solution.
[0023]
Examples of solvents that can be used in addition to the ester include 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,3-dioxolane (DO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2Me-THF), diethyl ether. (DEE). In addition, amine-based or imide-based organic solvents, sulfur-containing or fluorine-containing organic solvents, and the like can also be used. Moreover, it may be gelatinous including polymers, such as polyethylene oxide and polymethyl methacrylate.
[0024]
As the solute of the electrolytic solution, for example, LiClOFour, LiPF6, LiBFFour, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiCFThreeSOThree, LiCFourF9SOThree, LiCFThreeCO2, Li2C2FFour(SOThree)2, LiN (CFThreeSO2)2, LiC (CFThreeSO2)Three, LiCnF2n + 1SOThree(N ≧ 2), LiN (RfOSO2)2[Wherein Rf is a fluoroalkyl group] or the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but lithium salts containing F are particularly preferred, and in particular LiPF6Is preferred. The concentration of the solute in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to increase the concentration by 1 mol / l or more because safety is improved. 1.2 mol / l or more is more preferable. Moreover, when it is less than 1.7 mol / l, electrical characteristics are improved, which is preferable, and when it is less than 1.5 mol / l, it is more preferable.
[0025]
In the present invention, the compound having an aliphatic —C═C—double bond accounts for the content of the compound having an aliphatic —C═C—double bond in the solvent component of the electrolyte. Although specified by volume%, the solvent component is not required to be a liquid at room temperature. For example, some of the above-mentioned compounds having an —C═C— double bond are solid at room temperature, such as coumarin, but when dissolved in a solvent, it becomes a solution. Is referred to as a solvent component. In other words, when the electrolyte is divided into a solute that directly participates in ion conduction with a lithium salt and a solute other than the solute, the electrolyte other than the solute is referred to as a solvent component.
[0026]
The preparation of the electrolytic solution containing the compound having an aliphatic -C = C-double bond is performed by, for example, mixing a solvent and the compound having an aliphatic -C = C-double bond, and adding a solute therein. May be dissolved. However, the preparation method is not limited to the method exemplified above, and other methods may be used.
[0027]
In the present invention, the use of a 4V-class active material for the positive electrode can realize a high-power battery with a high voltage and a high energy density, and is suitable as a power source for portable electronic devices whose demand is increasing in recent years. For example, lithium cobaltate (LiCoO) is used as such a 4V class active material.2), Lithium nickelate (LiNiO)2), Lithium cobaltate (LiCoO)2) And lithium nickelate (LiNiO)2), Solid solution with spinel type lithium manganate (LiMn)2OFour) And the like, and those in which other metals (Li, Co, Ni, Fe, etc.) are appropriately dissolved.
[0028]
The positive electrode, for example, to the positive electrode active material, if necessary, for example, a conductive auxiliary such as flaky graphite and a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene are added and mixed to prepare a positive electrode mixture, Disperse it with a solvent to make a paste (the binder may be dissolved in a solvent in advance and then mixed with the positive electrode active material, etc.), apply the positive electrode mixture paste to a positive electrode current collector made of metal foil, etc. and dry And it produces by forming a positive mix layer in at least one part of a positive electrode electrical power collector. However, the method for manufacturing the positive electrode is not limited to the above-described method, and other methods may be used.
[0029]
  The positive electrode current collector used for the positive electrode is preferably a metal foil mainly composed of aluminum, and the purity of the aluminum is preferably 98% by weight or more and less than 99.9% by weight. In an ordinary lithium ion secondary battery, an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.9% by weight or more is used as a positive electrode current collector. In the present invention, however, the thickness is 15 μm or less in order to increase the capacity and improve cycle characteristics. It is preferable to use a thin metal foil. Therefore, it is preferable to have a strength that can be used even if it is thin. In order to ensure such strength, the purity is preferably less than 99.9% by weight. Particularly preferred as metals to be added to aluminum are iron and silicon. Iron is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, more preferably 0.7% by weight or more, and preferably 2% by weight or less, more preferably 1.3% by weight or less. Silicon is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.2% by weight or more, and preferably 1.0% by weight or less, more preferably 0.3% by weight or less. These iron and silicon need to be alloyed with aluminum and do not exist as impurities in aluminum.
[0030]
The tensile strength of the positive electrode current collector is 150 N / mm.2Or more, more preferably 180 N / mm2That's it. The positive electrode current collector used in the present invention preferably has an elongation of 2% or more, more preferably 3% or more. This is because, as the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate increases, the electrode mixture layer expands during charging, and this expansion causes stress in the positive electrode current collector, thereby cracking the positive electrode current collector. This is because, if the elongation of the positive electrode current collector is increased, the stress is relieved by the elongation, and cracking or cutting of the positive electrode current collector can be prevented.
[0031]
In the present invention, as described above, it is preferable to use a metal foil whose main component is aluminum having a thickness of 15 μm or less as the positive electrode current collector. However, the thinner the thickness, the better the capacity of the battery. It is because there is. However, if the thickness is too thin, there is a risk of cutting due to insufficient strength of the positive electrode current collector during production of the positive electrode or a wound structure electrode body. Thus, it is 15 μm or less, and 5 μm or more, particularly 8 μm or more is suitable for practical use.
[0032]
Moreover, it is preferable that the surface of the positive electrode current collector is roughened on one side. And it is preferable that the rough surface exists in the surface of the outer peripheral side in a wound body. This is because in the case of a wound body, the more the negative electrode facing the closer the outer peripheral surface is to the center of the winding, the more the positive electrode tends to deteriorate. It is because deterioration of a positive electrode can be reduced by raising. The preferable average roughness of the rough surface is 0.1 to 0.5 μm in Ra, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 μm. And the preferable average roughness of a glossy surface is Ra of 0.2 micrometer or less, More preferably, it is 0.1 micrometer or less.
[0033]
Moreover, when the wettability of the positive electrode current collector is poor, the cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate when the battery is cycled (charged / discharged). In such a case, the wettability of the positive electrode current collector is preferably 37 dyne / cm or more.
[0034]
  The material used for the negative electrode may be any material that can be doped or dedoped with lithium ions. In the present invention, it is called a negative electrode active material. Examples of such a negative electrode active material include graphite, pyrolysis, and the like. Carbon materials such as carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, fired bodies of organic polymer compounds, mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers, and activated carbon are used. In particular, mesocarbon microbeads fired at 2500 ° C. or higher are preferable because the cycle characteristics are good even when the negative electrode mixture layer is formed at a high density.
[0035]
  The carbon material used for the negative electrode as the negative electrode active material preferably has the following characteristics. That is, the distance d between the (002) planes.002Is preferably 3.5 mm or less, more preferably 3.45 mm or less, and still more preferably 3.4 mm or less. The crystallite size Lc in the c-axis direction is preferably 30 mm or more, more preferably 80 mm or more, and further preferably 250 mm or more. And the average particle diameter of the said carbon material is 8-20 micrometers, especially 10-15 micrometers is preferable, and purity is preferable 99.9 weight% or more.
[0036]
  For the negative electrode, for example, to the carbon material as the negative electrode active material, if necessary, the same conductive additive or binder as in the case of the positive electrode is added and mixed to prepare a negative electrode mixture, which is dispersed in a solvent. (The binder may be dissolved in a solvent in advance and then mixed with the negative electrode active material, etc.), and the negative electrode mixture paste may be applied to a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil, and then dried. It is produced by forming a negative electrode mixture layer on at least a part of the current collector. However, the manufacturing method of the negative electrode is not limited to the above-described method, and other methods may be used.
[0037]
Examples of the negative electrode current collector include metal foils such as copper foil, aluminum foil, nickel foil, and stainless steel foil, and those made of these metals in a net shape. Copper foil is particularly suitable.
[0038]
  When using a carbon material for the negative electrode, in order to increase the capacity, the density of the negative electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode is 1.45 g / cm.ThreeIn particular, the density of the negative electrode mixture layer is 1.5 g / cm.ThreeIt is preferable to make it above. Usually, when the negative electrode has a high density, a high capacity is easily obtained, but the penetration of the electrolytic solution is slowed, and the utilization of the active material is likely to be uneven, so that the cycle characteristics are liable to deteriorate. In such a case, the effect of the compound having an aliphatic —C═C— double bond used in the present invention is more remarkably exhibited.
[0039]
The separator is not particularly limited and can be the same as the conventional one. For example, a microporous polyethylene film, a microporous polypropylene film, or a microporous ethylene-propylene copolymer film having a thickness of about 10 to 20 μm. Polyolefin-based separators such as these have sufficient strength even if they are thin, so that the filling amount of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material can be increased and the thermal conductivity is improved, and the heat generation inside the battery is prevented. However, since heat dissipation is promoted, it is preferably used in the present invention. In particular, when a separator is interposed between the electrode laminate and the battery case, the effect of radiating heat inside the electrode is great.
[0040]
  In the present invention, the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate is 130 mAh / cm.ThreeAlthough it is preferable to target the above non-aqueous secondary battery, this is based on the reason for increasing the capacity. In the present invention, the volume of the electrode laminate is the volume of the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator laminated or the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator wound in the battery, and the volume wound like the latter. In this case, the through hole in the center of the wound body based on the winding shaft used for winding is not included as a volume. In short, the total volume occupied by the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator. These three volumes of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator are important factors that determine the capacity of the battery. Regardless of the size of the battery, the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode stack (discharge capacity / volume of the electrode stack) ) Can be compared to compare the capacity densities of the batteries. The discharge capacity here is the discharge capacity when charging and discharging under the standard use conditions of the battery. In the present invention, the standard use conditions are 1C (current that can discharge the battery in 1 hour) at 25 ° C. to 4.2 V, and after reaching 4.2 V, constant voltage charging is performed. Charging is completed in two and a half hours, and discharging to 2.75 V at 0.2 C is performed. The charging capacity is measured by charging and discharging under the standard use conditions, and the discharging capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate is obtained. . From the viewpoint of increasing the capacity, the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate is 140 mAh / cm.ThreeMore preferably, 150 mAh / cmThreeThe above is more preferable.
[0041]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, this invention is not limited only to those Examples.
[0042]
Example 1
Methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and vinylene carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 65: 33: 2, and LiPF is added to the mixed solvent.6Is dissolved in 1.4 mol / l, and the composition is 1.4 mol / l LiPF.6An electrolytic solution represented by / EC: MEC: VC (33: 65: 2 volume ratio) was prepared.
[0043]
In the electrolytic solution, EC is an abbreviation for ethylene carbonate, MEC is an abbreviation for methyl ethyl carbonate, and VC is an abbreviation for vinylene carbonate. Therefore, 1.4 mol / l LiPF indicating the above electrolyte6/ EC: MEC: VC (33: 65: 2 volume ratio) is LiPF in a mixed solvent of 65% by volume of methyl ethyl carbonate, 33% by volume of ethylene carbonate, and 2% by volume of vinylene carbonate.6Is dissolved in an amount equivalent to 1.4 mol / l.
[0044]
Apart from the above, LiCoO2In addition, scaly graphite as a conductive assistant was added at a weight ratio of 100: 6 and mixed, and this mixture was mixed with a solution in which polyvinylidene fluoride was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a paste. This positive electrode mixture paste was passed through a 70-mesh net to remove a large one, and then the coating amount was 24.6 mg / cm on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector made of a metal foil whose main component was aluminum having a thickness of 15 μm.2(However, the amount of the positive electrode mixture after drying) is uniformly applied and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer, and then compression-molded with a roller press, cut and welded to the lead body. Thus, a belt-like positive electrode was produced.
[0045]
The metal foil mainly composed of aluminum used as the positive electrode current collector contained 1% by weight of iron and 0.15% by weight of silicon, and the purity of aluminum was 98% by weight or more. The tensile strength of the metal foil mainly composed of aluminum used as the positive electrode current collector is 185 N / mm.2The average roughness Ra of the rough surface was 0.2 μm, and the average roughness Ra of the glossy surface was 0.04 μm. The metal foil mainly composed of aluminum used as the positive electrode current collector had a wettability of 38 dyne / cm and an elongation of 3%.
[0046]
Next, the mesocarbon microbead graphite-based carbon material [however, the inter-surface distance d of the (002) plane]002Is a graphite-based carbon material having the characteristics that the crystallite size Lc in the c-axis direction is 950 mm, the average particle diameter is 15 μm, and the purity is 99.9% by weight or more, and the polyvinylidene fluoride is changed to N-methylpyrrolidone. It was mixed with the dissolved solution to make a paste. The negative electrode mixture paste was passed through a 70-mesh net to remove a large one, and then the coating amount was 12.0 mg / cm on both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 10 μm.2(However, the amount of the negative electrode mixture after drying) is uniformly applied and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer, then compression molded with a roller press, cut, dried, and lead body Were welded to produce a strip-shaped negative electrode. The density of the negative electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode is 1.5 g / cm.ThreeMet.
[0047]
The belt-like positive electrode was overlapped on the belt-like negative electrode with a microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 20 μm and wound in a spiral shape to obtain a laminated electrode body having a spiral winding structure. In that case, it wound so that the rough surface side of the positive electrode current collector could be the outer peripheral side. The volume of the laminated electrode body is 11.4 cm.ThreeMet. Thereafter, the electrode body was filled in a bottomed cylindrical battery case having an outer diameter of 18 mm, and the positive and negative lead bodies were welded.
[0048]
Next, the electrolyte solution is poured into the battery case, and after the electrolyte solution has sufficiently penetrated into the separator and the like, it is sealed, precharged, and subjected to aging, and has a cylindrical shape as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. A non-aqueous secondary battery was produced.
[0049]
This battery was discharged at 1 C to 2.75 V, decomposed in an argon dry box with a dew point of -75 ° C., the negative electrode was cut into a certain size, washed with methyl ethyl carbonate, and vacuum-dried for 1 day. When the surface coating of the negative electrode was analyzed by FT-IR, 1649 cm-1An absorption peak based on an aliphatic —C═C—double bond was observed in the sample, and XPS analysis revealed that 4.1 at% of the substance having a peak at 55.3 eV and 6 at 55.8 eV were obtained. .6 atomic% was detected.
[0050]
Here, the battery shown in FIG. 1 will be described. 1 is the positive electrode and 2 is the negative electrode. However, in FIG. 1, in order to avoid complication, the current collector used in the production of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 is not shown. The positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are spirally wound via a separator 3 to form an electrode laminate having a spirally wound structure and accommodated in the battery case 5 together with the electrolyte 4 made of the specific electrolyte. Has been.
[0051]
The battery case 5 is made of stainless steel as described above, and an insulator 6 made of polypropylene is disposed at the bottom of the battery case 5 prior to the insertion of the spirally wound electrode laminate. The sealing plate 7 is made of aluminum and has a disk shape. The sealing plate 7 is provided with a thin portion 7a at the center thereof, and serves as a pressure inlet 7b for allowing the battery internal pressure to act on the explosion-proof valve 9 around the thin portion 7a. Holes are provided. And the protrusion part 9a of the explosion-proof valve 9 is welded to the upper surface of this thin part 7a, and the welding part 11 is comprised. Note that the thin-walled portion 7a provided on the sealing plate 7 and the protruding portion 9a of the explosion-proof valve 9 are shown only on the cut surface for easy understanding on the drawing, and the contour line behind the cut surface is shown. Is not shown. In addition, the welded portion 11 of the thin-walled portion 7a of the sealing plate 7 and the protruding portion 9a of the explosion-proof valve 9 is also illustrated in an exaggerated state so as to facilitate understanding on the drawing.
[0052]
The terminal plate 8 is made of rolled steel, has a nickel plating on the surface, and has a hat shape with a peripheral edge portion having a hook shape. The terminal plate 8 is provided with a gas discharge port 8a. The explosion-proof valve 9 is made of aluminum and has a disk shape, and a central portion is provided with a protruding portion 9a having a tip portion on the power generation element side (lower side in FIG. 1) and a thin portion 9b. As described above, the lower surface of the protruding portion 9a is welded to the upper surface of the thin portion 7a of the sealing plate 7 to constitute the welded portion 11. The insulating packing 10 is made of polypropylene and has an annular shape. The insulating packing 10 is arranged at the upper part of the peripheral edge of the sealing plate 7. The explosion-proof valve 9 is arranged at the upper part, and the sealing plate 7 and the explosion-proof valve 9 are insulated. The gap between the two is sealed so that the liquid electrolyte does not leak between the two. The annular gasket 12 is made of polypropylene, the lead body 13 is made of aluminum, the sealing plate 7 and the positive electrode 1 are connected to each other, an insulator 14 is disposed on the upper part of the spirally wound electrode laminate, and the negative electrode 2 The bottom of the battery case 5 is connected by a nickel lead body 15.
[0053]
Example 2
The coating amount of the positive electrode mixture paste is 23.6 mg / cm2(However, the amount of the positive electrode mixture after drying) and the coating amount of the negative electrode mixture paste was 11.49 mg / cm2(However, the amount of the negative electrode mixture after drying) and a cylindrical non-aqueous secondary battery as in Example 1 except that a conventionally used microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 25 μm was used as a separator. Was made.
[0054]
The battery of Example 2 was discharged and treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the surface coating of the negative electrode was analyzed by FT-IR.-1In addition, an absorption peak based on an aliphatic -C = C-double bond is observed, and XPS analysis shows that a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV has a peak at 4.2 atomic% and a peak at 55.8 eV. Was detected at 6.7 atomic%.
[0055]
Comparative Example 1
A cylindrical non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that vinylene carbonate was not added and the amount of methyl ethyl carbonate was increased.
[0056]
After the battery of Comparative Example 1 was discharged and treated in the same manner as in Example 1, the surface coating of the negative electrode was analyzed by FT-IR.-1In addition, an absorption peak based on an aliphatic -C = C-double bond was not observed, and when XPS analysis was performed, a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV was not detected. Instead, a substance having a peak at 54.5 eV was detected.
[0057]
Comparative Example 2
Without adding vinylene carbonate, the amount of methyl ethyl carbonate is increased, the amount of negative electrode mixture is reduced, and the density of the negative electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode is 1.4 g / cmThreeA cylindrical non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
[0058]
After the battery of Comparative Example 2 was discharged and treated in the same manner as in Example 1, the surface coating of the negative electrode was analyzed by FT-IR.-1In addition, an absorption peak based on an aliphatic -C = C-double bond was not observed, and when XPS analysis was performed, a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV was not detected. Instead, a substance having a peak at 54.5 eV was detected.
[0059]
Comparative Example 3
Without adding vinylene carbonate, the amount of methyl ethyl carbonate was increased, and a foil mainly composed of aluminum having a thickness of 20 μm, which has been conventionally used as a positive electrode current collector, was used. This aluminum-based foil contained 0.03% by weight of iron and 0.02% by weight of silicon, and the purity was 99.94% by weight. Tensile strength is 140 N / mm2The average roughness Ra on the double-sided glossy surface was 0.04 μm. The wettability was 36 dyne / cm and the elongation was 3%. A coating amount of the positive electrode mixture paste similar to that of Example 1 was applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector in an amount of 23.9 mg / cm.2(However, the amount of the positive electrode mixture after drying) is uniformly applied and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer, and then compression-molded with a roller press, cut and welded to the lead body. Thus, a belt-like positive electrode was produced. The negative electrode was coated with the same negative electrode mixture paste as in Example 1 on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector made of a copper foil having a thickness of 10 μm as in Example 1. The applied amount was 11.0 mg / cm.2(However, the amount of the negative electrode mixture after drying) was uniformly applied and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer. A separator and a microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 25 μm were used in the same manner as in Example 2. Other than those, a cylindrical non-aqueous secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0060]
After the battery of Comparative Example 3 was discharged and treated in the same manner as in Example 1, the surface coating of the negative electrode was analyzed by FT-IR.-1In addition, an absorption peak based on an aliphatic -C = C-double bond was not observed, and when XPS analysis was performed, a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV was not detected. Instead, a substance having a peak at 54.5 eV was detected.
[0061]
Comparative Example 4
The coating amount of the positive electrode mixture paste is 20.0 mg / cm2(However, the amount of the positive electrode mixture after drying) and the coating amount of the negative electrode mixture paste was 12.0 mg / cm2A cylindrical non-aqueous secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the amount of the negative electrode mixture after drying was changed.
[0062]
The battery of Comparative Example 4 was discharged and treated in the same manner as in Example 1, and then the surface coating of the negative electrode was analyzed by FT-IR.-1In addition, an absorption peak based on an aliphatic -C = C-double bond was not observed, and when XPS analysis was performed, a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV was not detected. Instead, a substance having a peak at 54.5 eV was detected.
[0063]
The batteries of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were discharged at 1700 mA (1C) to 2.75 V, charged at 1700 mA, and after reaching 4.2 V, maintained at a constant voltage of 4.2 V. The battery was charged for 2.5 hours under the conditions. Thereafter, the battery was repeatedly charged and discharged at 1.700 mA up to 2.75 V, the discharge capacity at the first cycle and the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle were measured, and based on this, the capacity retention rate for the first cycle at the 100th cycle [ (Discharge capacity at the 100th cycle) / (Discharge capacity at the 1st cycle) × 100]. The results are shown in Table 1 together with the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate and the discharge capacity at the first cycle. In all batteries, the volume of the electrode laminate is 11.4 cm.ThreeMet.
[0064]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004159005
[0065]
As shown in Table 1, in the battery of Comparative Example 1, the capacity retention rate at the 100th cycle decreased to 78%, whereas in the batteries of Examples 1 and 2, the capacity retention rate was 94% or more. The cycle characteristics were excellent. Further, the batteries of Examples 1 and 2 had a large discharge capacity and a high capacity, and the battery of Example 1 using a particularly thin separator had a large discharge capacity. The battery of Comparative Example 4 had a high capacity retention rate at the 100th cycle and excellent cycle characteristics, but the discharge capacity was small, and the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate was 130 mAh / cm.ThreeIt was less than.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, a 4V class active material is used for the positive electrode, and the discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate is 130 mAh / cm.ThreeIn the above high capacity non-aqueous secondary battery, the cycle characteristics were improved, and a non-aqueous secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics could be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a nonaqueous secondary battery of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Positive electrode
2 Negative electrode
3 Separator
4 electrolyte

Claims (7)

正極、負極およびセパレータを積層した電極積層体と電解液とを有し、正極に4V級の活物質を用い、負極に(002)面の面間距離d002 が3.5Å以下で、かつc軸方向の結晶子の大きさLcが30Å以上である炭素材料を用い、その負極の負極合剤層の密度が1.45g/cm以上で、上記セパレータの厚みが10μm以上20μm以下であり、上記電解液が溶媒としてエチレンカーボネートを全溶媒中の50体積%未満で含有する非水二次電池であって、負極の表面上にFT−IR分析で1645〜1680cm−1に脂肪族の−C=C−に基づく吸収ピークを有する物質が存在することを特徴とする非水二次電池。It has an electrode laminate in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are laminated, and an electrolytic solution. A 4V class active material is used for the positive electrode, and a (002) plane distance d 002 is used for the negative electrode. Is not more than 3.5 、 and the crystallite size Lc in the c-axis direction is not less than 30 、, the density of the negative electrode mixture layer of the negative electrode is 1.45 g / cm 3 or more, A non-aqueous secondary battery having a thickness of 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less, wherein the electrolytic solution contains ethylene carbonate as a solvent in an amount of less than 50% by volume of the total solvent. A non-aqueous secondary battery characterized in that a substance having an absorption peak based on aliphatic -C = C- is present at 1680 cm- 1 . 負極の表面上にXPS分析で55.3eVにピークを有する物質が存在する請求項1記載の非水二次電池。  The nonaqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV by XPS analysis is present on the surface of the negative electrode. 負極の表面上にXPS分析で55.3eVにピークを有する物質が存在すると共に55.8eVにピークを有する物質が存在し、かつXPS分析でLiスペクトルのピーク分割を行い各ピークを原子%で表した場合に、55.3eVにピークを有する物質が2〜7原子%で、55.8eVにピークを有する物質が4〜8原子%である請求項1または2記載の非水二次電池。  On the surface of the negative electrode, there is a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV by XPS analysis and a substance having a peak at 55.8 eV, and the peak of Li spectrum is divided by XPS analysis, and each peak is expressed in atomic%. 3. The non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a substance having a peak at 55.3 eV is 2 to 7 atomic% and a substance having a peak at 55.8 eV is 4 to 8 atomic%. 電極積層体の単位体積当たりの放電容量が140mAh/cm以上である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池。The nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a discharge capacity per unit volume of the electrode laminate is 140 mAh / cm 3 or more. 正極に用いた正極集電材が、アルミニウムの純度が99.9重量%未満で、厚みが15μm以下のアルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池。  5. The non-aqueous two-aqueous metal according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode current collector used for the positive electrode is a metal foil mainly composed of aluminum having a purity of aluminum of less than 99.9 wt% and a thickness of 15 μm or less. Next battery. 正極に用いた正極集電材が、150N/mm以上の引張り強度と2%以上の伸びを有するアルミニウムを主成分とする金属箔である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池。The nonaqueous secondary according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode current collector used for the positive electrode is a metal foil mainly composed of aluminum having a tensile strength of 150 N / mm 2 or more and an elongation of 2% or more. battery. 正極に用いた正極集電材が、平均粗度(Ra)で0.1〜0.5μmの粗面と、0.2μm以下の光沢面を有し、37dyne/cm以上の濡れ性を有する金属箔である請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池。  The positive electrode current collector used for the positive electrode has a rough surface with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 to 0.5 μm, a glossy surface of 0.2 μm or less, and a metal foil having a wettability of 37 dyne / cm or more The nonaqueous secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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