JP4156684B2 - Hyperphosphatemia preventive and / or therapeutic agent - Google Patents

Hyperphosphatemia preventive and / or therapeutic agent Download PDF

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JP4156684B2
JP4156684B2 JP04888497A JP4888497A JP4156684B2 JP 4156684 B2 JP4156684 B2 JP 4156684B2 JP 04888497 A JP04888497 A JP 04888497A JP 4888497 A JP4888497 A JP 4888497A JP 4156684 B2 JP4156684 B2 JP 4156684B2
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hyperphosphatemia
resin
therapeutic agent
phosphorus
preventive
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JPH09295941A (en
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正之 三津家
浩志 島田
瑞恵 川井
秀樹 別所
芳巳 井上
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は高リン血症予防および/または治療剤に関し、更に詳しくは、薬学的に許容し得る陰イオン交換樹脂を有効成分とする高リン血症予防および/または治療剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
腎機能障害患者においては、尿中へのリン排泄障害が認められる。腎不全初期の段階においては、リンの恒常性を保つために腎臓の代償機構が作用し、一時的にはPTH(副甲状腺ホルモン)の増加によるリン再吸収の抑制によってリン排泄の増加がみられる。しかしながら、腎病変の悪化、腎機能の低下によって恒常性を保つことが不可能になる。その結果、リン排泄の減少による高リン血症、PTHの著増がおきてしまう。蓄積したリンは、直接作用として血清カルシウム低下、PTH産生・分泌促進、異所性石灰化、ビタミンD活性化抑制による腎性骨異栄養症を引き起こす。また間接作用としてPTH高値を介して中枢・末梢神経障害、心筋障害、高脂血症、糖代謝異常、掻痒症、皮膚虚血性潰瘍、貧血、腱断裂、性機能異常、筋肉障害、成長遅延、心伝導障害、肺拡散障害、動脈硬化、免疫不全を示す。さらにはリンには尿毒症物質としての側面も知られ、直接・間接的な腎不全合併症に対する関与が知られている(腎と透析,37,2:321 1994)。
【0003】
さらに腎不全により透析療法に移行しても、リンの恒常性が維持されない限り上記の病態、合併症は持続する。そのため高リン血症の治療は、腎不全透析、未透析患者にとって必要不可欠なものである。現在高リン血症の治療には、1)食事療法、2)経口リン酸吸着剤が用いられている。
食事療法では低タンパク食が用いられているが長期摂取は困難で、ある程度のタンパク摂取は避けられないため血中リンの低下という効果は必ずしもあがらない。
【0004】
経口リン酸吸着剤は現在以下の3種類が主に用いられている。1)アルミニウム製剤(水酸化Al):本剤は、アルミニウムの吸収によるアルミニウム脳症、アルミニウム骨症の副作用が問題となっている。2)カルシウム製剤(炭酸Ca、酢酸Ca):本剤は、吸着能がアルミニウムに劣り、服用量も多く、またカルシウム吸収による高Ca血症を呈する問題点がある。3)マグネシウム製剤(炭酸Mg):本剤はカルシウム製剤と同様に高マグネシウム血症を呈する問題点がある。
【0005】
現在行われている高リン血症の治療はいずれの方法にも弊害が懸念され長期的使用が不可能である。そのため現在までにより良い高リン血症治療剤は見出されていない。
一方、特開昭56−150017号、同57−24310号、同57−142920号、同60−209523号各号公報にはある種の陰イオン交換樹脂がコレステロール低下作用を有することが記載されている。また、ブリストル・マイヤーズ社からは陰イオン交換樹脂であるコレスチラミンレジンからなるコレステロール低下剤(商品名:クエストラン)、アップジョン社からは陰イオン交換樹脂であるコレスチポール塩酸塩からなるコレステロール低下剤(商品名:コレスチド)が市販されている。しかし、これらの陰イオン交換樹脂が、リン酸イオン吸着作用を有し、さらに血中のリン濃度低下作用および尿中リン排泄低下作用を有することに関する報告は、本発明者らの知るかぎりこれまでなされていなかった。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記した課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、薬学的に許容し得る陰イオン交換樹脂が、リン酸吸着作用、血中のリン濃度低下作用および尿中リン排泄低下作用を有し、上記で述べたような、現在高リン血症の予防および/または治療剤として使用されているアルミニウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム製剤に見られる吸収による弊害を克服し得ることを見出し本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち本発明は、薬学的に許容し得る陰イオン交換樹脂からなることを特徴とする高リン血症予防および/または治療剤を提供するものである。
この発明の好ましい態様によれば、陰イオン交換樹脂が2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体、コレスチラミンレジンおよびコレスチポールから選ばれる上記予防および/または治療剤、陰イオン交換樹脂が2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体およびコレスチラミンレジンから選ばれる上記予防および/または治療剤、陰イオン交換樹脂が2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体である上記予防および/または治療剤、血中のリン濃度低下作用に基づく上記予防および/または治療剤、尿中へのリン排泄低下作用に基づく前記予防および/または治療剤、腎機能障害に伴う高リン血症である上記予防および/または治療剤、経口投与可能である上記予防および/または治療剤、陰イオン交換樹脂がコレステロール低下作用を有することを特徴とする上記予防および/または治療剤、薬学的に許容し得る陰イオン交換樹脂からなることを特徴とするリン酸イオン吸着剤、陰イオン交換樹脂が2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体、コレスチラミンレジンおよびコレスチポールから選ばれる上記リン酸イオン吸着剤、陰イオン交換樹脂が2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体およびコレスチラミンレジンから選ばれる上記リン酸イオン吸着剤、陰イオン交換樹脂が2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体である上記リン酸イオン吸着剤が提供される。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤の有効成分は、薬学的に許容され得る陰イオン交換樹脂であれば特に限定はされない。例えば、特開昭56−150017号、同57−24310号、同57−142920号、同60−209523号各号公報に記載されているコレステロール低下作用を有する陰イオン交換樹脂や、シグマ社から市販されているコレスチラミンレジン、コレスチポール((クロロメチル)オキシランを付加したN−(2−アミノエチル)−N’−[2−[(2−アミノ−エチル)アミノ]エチル]−1,2−エタンジアミン重合体)等が挙げられる。
【0009】
本発明においては、特開昭60−209523号公報に記載の2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体およびコレスチラミンレジンが好ましいものとして挙げられる。2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体(以下これを「MCI−196」と称することがある)は、不規則に入り乱れた複雑な立体構造を有するが、下記式(I)の基本構造で示され、また、その構造は部分的には下記式(II)で示される。
【0010】
【化1】

Figure 0004156684
【0011】
また、コレスチラミンレジンは4級アンモニウム基を付加したスチレン−ジビニルベンゼン共重合体を含む強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂で、その基本構造は下記式(III)で表される。
【0012】
【化2】
Figure 0004156684
【0013】
本発明においては、2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体が特に好ましいものとして挙げられる。
本発明の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤としては、有効成分である上記化合物それ自体を用いてもよいが、汎用の製剤用添加物を用いて上記有効成分を含む医薬組成物を製造して用いることが好ましい。このような医薬組成物としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、細粒剤、丸剤、トローチ剤、液剤等を挙げることができ、これらは経口的(舌下投与を含む)に投与される。
【0014】
経口用の医薬組成物は、混合、充填または打錠等の従来汎用の方法により製造することができる。また反復配合操作を用いて、多量の充填剤を使用した医薬組成物中に有効成分を分布させてもよい。例えば、経口投与に用いられる錠剤またはカプセル剤は単位投与物として提供されることが好ましく、結合剤、充填剤、希釈剤、打錠剤、滑沢剤、崩壊剤、着色剤、香味剤および湿潤剤等の通常使用される製剤用担体を含有していてもよい。錠剤は、当業界において周知の方法に従って、例えばコーティング剤を用いてコーティング錠としてもよい。
【0015】
好ましい充填剤としては、セルロース、マンニトール、ラクトース等を挙げることができ、崩壊剤であるでん粉、ポリビニルピロリドン、ナトリウムでん粉グリコラート等のでん粉誘導体等や、滑沢剤であるラウリル硫酸ナトリウム等を製剤用添加物として用いることができる。経口用の液剤形態の医薬組成物は、例えば、水性または油性懸濁液、溶液、エマルジョン、シロップ剤もしくはエリキシル剤等の医薬組成物、あるいは使用前に水または適当な媒体により再溶解され得る乾燥医薬組成物として提供される。
【0016】
このような液剤には、通常の添加剤、例えばソルビトール、シロップ、メチルセルロース、ゼラチン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ステアリン酸アルミニウムゲルまたは水素化食用脂肪のような沈殿防止剤;レシチン、ソルビタンモノオレエート、アラビアゴムのような乳化剤;アーモンド油、精留ココナッツ油、グリセリンエステル等の油状エステル;プロピレングリコール、エチルアルコールのような(食用油も包含し得る)非水性媒体;p−ヒドロキシ安息香酸のメチルエステル、エチルエステル若しくはプロピルエステル、またはソルビン酸のような保存剤、および必要に応じて通常の香味剤または着色剤などを配合することができる。
【0017】
上記経口用の医薬組成物、例えば錠剤、カプセル剤、細粒剤等の場合は、通常5〜95%重量、好ましくは25〜90%重量の有効成分を含有する。
本発明の治療剤は腎機能障害の疾患に起因する高リン血症の予防および/または治療に有用であり、それらの中で、腎機能障害に伴う高リン血症の予防および/または治療に特に有用である。本発明の予防および/または治療剤の投与量は、患者の年齢、健康状態、体重、疾患の重篤度、同時に行う治療・処置の種類や頻度、所望の効果の性質等により適宜決定すればよい。一般的には、成人1日あたりの投与量を、有効成分量として1〜60gとして、1日あたり1回ないしは数回投与すればよい。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤は、血中のリン濃度及び尿中へのリン排泄を低下させる。従って高リン血症がその病因と考えられる腎機能障害、慢性腎不全、透析、低カルシウム血症、PTH過剰分泌、ビタミンD活性化抑制、異所性石灰化等に対し、本発明の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤は予防及び治療効果を有することが期待される。さらに高リン血症によるPTH増加、ビタミンD低下を介する2次性副甲状腺機能亢進症、腎性骨異栄養症、尿毒症、中枢・末梢神経障害、貧血、心筋障害、高脂血症、糖代謝異常、掻痒症、皮膚虚血性潰瘍、貧血、腱断裂、性機能異常、筋肉障害、成長遅延、心伝導障害、肺拡散障害、動脈硬化、免疫不全等に対し、本発明の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤は予防及び治療効果を有することが期待される。
【0019】
【実施例】
次に実施例をあげて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。なお、MCI−196は特開昭60−209523号公報に記載の方法に従って製造したものを、コレスチラミンレジンはシグマ社より購入したものを使用した。また、実施例1、2および3は、Helen M.Burt et al.,Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,Vol.76,No.5(1987)、Chem.Pharm.Bull.,Vol.37, No.7,1936−1938(1989)に記載の方法に従って、実施例4は、American Journal of Kidney Diseases,Vol.25,No.6,910−917(1995)およびMiner Electrolyte Metab.,Vol.17,160−165(1991)に記載の方法に従って行った。
【0020】
実施例1 リン酸とイオン交換樹脂の結合定数、結合容量の測定
NaH2PO4 2、3、4 mMの水溶液に、MCI−196、コレスチラミンレジンを1mg/mlになるように加え、水酸化ナトリウムでpHを7.2に調節し、37℃で1時間攪拌した。フィルターで樹脂を除去し、樹脂に結合しなかったリン酸を、無機リン測定試薬(PiSETヤトロン)で測定した。
【0021】
測定したリン酸濃度をラングミュアの式
Ceq/(x/m)=Ceq/k2+1/k1k2
(Ceq;樹脂に結合していないリン酸濃度、x;樹脂に結合したリン酸量、m;樹脂量、1/k2;傾き、1/k1k2;切片)にあてはめた結果を図1に示す。図中、●はMCI−196の結果を、○はコレスチラミンレジンの結果を示す。直線の傾きおよび切片より結合定数(k1)および結合容量(k2)を求めた結果を表1に示す。
【0022】
【表1】
Figure 0004156684
【0023】
表1から明らかなとおり、MCI−196、コレスチラミンレジンともに高い結合定数、結合容量を示した。特に、MCI−196はコレスチラミンレジンに比べ結合定数、結合容量とも高い値を示した。
【0024】
実施例2 リン酸とイオン交換樹脂の結合時間の測定
7mM NaH2PO4 水溶液にMCI−196、コレスチラミンレジンを1mg/mlになるように添加し、37℃で保温した。添加後5、10、20、150分後に遠心し樹脂を沈殿させて、上清の樹脂に結合しなかったリン酸を、実施例1と同様に測定した。結果を図2に示す。図中、●はMCI−196の結果を、○はコレスチラミンレジンの結果を示す。リン酸の結合は、MCI−196、コレスチラミンレジンとも早い時間で平衡に達した。特に、平衡に達する時間はMCI−196がコレスチラミンレジンに比較して早かった。
【0025】
実施例3 他のイオンが存在する溶液中でのリン酸とイオン交換樹脂の結合試
腸液中でのイオン組成を考慮し、80mM NaCl、30mM Na2CO3、5mMタウロコール酸、10mMオレイン酸、10mM NaH2PO4を溶解させた水溶液にMCI−196、コレスチラミンレジンを1、3、10、30、100mg/ml添加し、37℃で1時間攪拌した後フィルターで樹脂を除去し、上清のリン酸濃度を上述の方法により測定した。結果を図3に示す。図中、●はMCI−196の結果を、○はコレスチラミンレジンの結果を示す。両樹脂とも樹脂の濃度を増やすことによりリン酸の結合量は上昇した。特に、MCI−196はコレスチラミンレジンに比べて高いリン酸の結合値を示した。
【0026】
実施例4 イオン交換樹脂の正常ラットにおける血中及び尿中リン濃度への影響
Wistar系雄性ラット6週齢に、MCI−196またはコレスチラミンを混餌投与した。ラット用粉体飼料はオリエンタル酵母社製MFを用いた。MCI−196の投与量は餌15g中に0.125、0.5g含有とした。投与前、14日後に尾静脈より採血し、血中のリン濃度を無機リン測定試薬(PiSET ヤトロン)で測定した。高用量群は、14日後に尾静脈採血後絶食下に22時間採尿し、尿中のリン濃度を無機リン測定試薬(PiSET ヤトロン)で測定した。各群のラットは各々9匹を実験に供した。結果を図4及び図5に示す。両樹脂投与群とも用量依存的に血中リンの低下および尿中リン排泄の低下が認められた。特に、MCI−196では尿中へのリン排泄の有意な低下が観察され、コレスチラミンレジンより強力な低下作用が認められた。
【0027】
実施例5 イオン交換樹脂の5/6腎摘ラットにおける尿中リン濃度および腎機能に対する影響
Wister系雄性ラット9週齢の左腎を2/3切除し、1週間後に右腎を全摘して5/6腎摘ラットを作製した。1週間後、MCI−196の混餌投与を開始した。対照群のラットには、正常飼料を与えた。ラット用粉体飼料はオリエンタル酵母社製MFを用いた。MCI−196の投与量は餌15g中に0.3g含有(2%)とした。5/6腎摘ラットの作製前および作製12週間後に、24時間採尿を実施し、尿中リン濃度を無機リン測定試薬(PiSET、ヤトロン)で測定した。また、尿中蛋白濃度を蛋白質測定試薬(プロテインアッセイキット、バイオ・ラッド)で測定した。各群のラットは、各々9匹を実験に供した。結果を、図6および図7に示す。
5/6腎摘ラット作製12週間日、血中リン濃度の上昇は認められなかった。正常食群では、尿中リン排泄量の上昇が認められたが、MCI−196投与群では、尿中リン排泄量の変化は認められなかった。また、正常食群では、尿中蛋白排泄量が著明に増加し、腎機能の悪化を示したが、MCI−196投与群では、尿中蛋白排泄量の増加が有意に抑制され、腎機能改善効果が認められた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1におけるリン酸とイオン交換樹脂の結合定数・結合容量(ラングミュアーの式)を表す図面である。
【図2】本発明の実施例2におけるリン酸とイオン交換樹脂の結合の時間変化を表す図面である。
【図3】本発明の実施例3における他イオン存在下でのイオン交換樹脂とリン酸の結合を示す図面である。
【図4】本発明の実施例4における薬物処理後の血中のリン濃度を示す図面である。
【図5】本発明の実施例4における薬物処理後の尿中のリン排泄量を示す図面であり、図中、*及び**はコントロールとの有意差(それぞれp<0.05及びp<0.01)を示す。
【図6】本発明の実施例5における薬物処理前後の尿中リン排泄量を表す図面であり、図中、**はコントロールとの有意差(p<0.01)を示す。
【図7】本発明の実施例5における薬物処理前後の尿中蛋白排泄量を示す図面であり、図中、*はコントロールとの有意差(p<0.05)を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for hyperphosphatemia, and more particularly to a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for hyperphosphatemia containing a pharmaceutically acceptable anion exchange resin as an active ingredient.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
In patients with impaired renal function, impaired urinary phosphorus excretion is observed. In the early stages of renal failure, the renal compensation mechanism acts to maintain phosphorus homeostasis, and temporarily increases phosphorus excretion by suppressing phosphorus reabsorption due to an increase in PTH (parathyroid hormone) . However, it becomes impossible to maintain homeostasis due to worsening renal lesions and decreased renal function. As a result, hyperphosphatemia and PTH significantly increase due to a decrease in phosphorus excretion. Accumulated phosphorus causes renal calcium dystrophy due to serum calcium lowering, PTH production / secretion promotion, ectopic calcification, and vitamin D activation suppression as direct effects. Also, as an indirect action, central and peripheral neuropathy, myocardial damage, hyperlipidemia, glucose metabolism abnormality, pruritus, skin ischemic ulcer, anemia, tendon rupture, sexual dysfunction, muscle disorder, growth delay, Shows cardiac conduction disorder, pulmonary diffusion disorder, arteriosclerosis, immunodeficiency. Furthermore, phosphorus is also known as a uremic substance and is known to be involved in direct and indirect renal failure complications (kidney and dialysis, 37 , 2: 321 1994).
[0003]
Furthermore, even if the dialysis therapy is transferred due to renal failure, the above-mentioned pathological condition and complications are sustained unless phosphorus homeostasis is maintained. Therefore, the treatment of hyperphosphatemia is indispensable for renal failure dialysis and non-dialysis patients. Currently, 1) diet therapy and 2) oral phosphate adsorbents are used to treat hyperphosphatemia.
Dietary therapy uses a low protein diet, but long-term intake is difficult, and some protein intake is inevitable, so the effect of lowering blood phosphorus is not necessarily improved.
[0004]
Currently, the following three types of oral phosphate adsorbents are mainly used. 1) Aluminum preparation (Al hydroxide): This drug has a problem of side effects of aluminum encephalopathy and aluminum osteopathy caused by absorption of aluminum. 2) Calcium preparation (Ca carbonate, Ca acetate): This drug has problems in that it has an adsorption capacity inferior to that of aluminum, a large dose, and hypercalcemia due to calcium absorption. 3) Magnesium preparation (Mg carbonate): This drug has the problem of exhibiting hypermagnesemia like the calcium preparation.
[0005]
Currently, the treatment of hyperphosphatemia is unfavorable to any method and cannot be used for a long time. Therefore, no better hyperphosphatemia treatment agent has been found so far.
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 56-150017, 57-24310, 57-142920, and 60-209523 describe that certain anion exchange resins have a cholesterol lowering action. Yes. In addition, Bristol-Myers has a cholesterol-lowering agent made of cholestyramine resin, an anion exchange resin (trade name: Quest Run), and Upjohn has a cholesterol-lowering agent made of colestipol hydrochloride, an anion-exchange resin ( (Trade name: Colestide) is commercially available. However, as far as the present inventors know, reports on the fact that these anion exchange resins have a phosphate ion adsorption action, and further have a blood phosphorus concentration lowering action and a urinary phosphorus excretion lowering action have been made so far. It wasn't done.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a pharmaceutically acceptable anion exchange resin has a phosphate adsorption action, a blood phosphorus concentration lowering action, and a urinary phosphorus excretion lowering action. As a result, the present invention has been found to overcome the adverse effects of absorption found in aluminum, calcium and magnesium preparations currently used as preventive and / or therapeutic agents for hyperphosphatemia, as described above. It came to do.
[0007]
That is, the present invention provides a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for hyperphosphatemia characterized by comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable anion exchange resin.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preventive and / or therapeutic agent described above wherein the anion exchange resin is selected from 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer, cholestyramine resin and colestipol, the anion exchange resin is 2- The prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent selected from methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer and cholestyramine resin, and the prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent wherein the anion exchange resin is a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer Agent, the above-mentioned preventive and / or therapeutic agent based on the action of lowering blood phosphorus concentration, the above-mentioned preventive and / or therapeutic agent based on the action of lowering urinary phosphorus excretion, the above-mentioned prevention of hyperphosphatemia accompanying renal dysfunction And / or therapeutic agent, the prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent which can be administered orally, anion exchange The preventive and / or therapeutic agent characterized in that the resin has a cholesterol lowering action, a phosphate ion adsorbent, an anion exchange resin comprising the pharmaceutically acceptable anion exchange resin, The phosphate ion adsorbent and anion exchange resin selected from methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer, cholestyramine resin and colestipol are selected from 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer and cholestyramine resin. The phosphate ion adsorbent and the phosphate ion adsorbent are provided in which the anion exchange resin is a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The active ingredient of the hyperphosphatemia preventive and / or therapeutic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion exchange resin. For example, an anion exchange resin having a cholesterol-lowering action described in JP-A Nos. 56-150017, 57-24310, 57-142920, and 60-209523, and commercially available from Sigma Cholestyramine resin, colestipol (N- (2-aminoethyl) -N ′-[2-[(2-amino-ethyl) amino] ethyl] -1,2-ethane added with (chloromethyl) oxirane) Diamine polymer) and the like.
[0009]
In the present invention, 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer and cholestyramine resin described in JP-A-60-209523 are preferred. The 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “MCI-196”) has a complicated three-dimensional structure disordered and disordered, but the basic structure of the following formula (I) The structure is partially represented by the following formula (II).
[0010]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0004156684
[0011]
The cholestyramine resin is a strongly basic anion exchange resin containing a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with a quaternary ammonium group added, and the basic structure is represented by the following formula (III).
[0012]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0004156684
[0013]
In the present invention, a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer is particularly preferable.
As the agent for preventing and / or treating hyperphosphatemia of the present invention, the above-mentioned compound itself, which is an active ingredient, may be used, but a pharmaceutical composition containing the above-mentioned active ingredient is produced using a general additive for pharmaceutical preparations. And preferably used. Examples of such a pharmaceutical composition include tablets, capsules, fine granules, pills, troches, liquids and the like, which are administered orally (including sublingual administration).
[0014]
Oral pharmaceutical compositions can be produced by conventional methods such as mixing, filling or tableting. Moreover, you may distribute an active ingredient in the pharmaceutical composition which uses a lot of fillers using repeated compounding operation. For example, tablets or capsules used for oral administration are preferably provided as unit doses, binders, fillers, diluents, tableting, lubricants, disintegrants, colorants, flavoring agents and wetting agents. Or the like, or a commonly used pharmaceutical carrier. The tablet may be formed into a coated tablet according to a method well known in the art, for example, using a coating agent.
[0015]
Preferred fillers include cellulose, mannitol, lactose and the like. Starch as a disintegrant, starch derivatives such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium starch glycolate, etc., sodium lauryl sulfate as a lubricant, etc. are added for preparation. It can be used as a product. Pharmaceutical compositions in liquid form for oral use are, for example, pharmaceutical compositions such as aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or dried that can be redissolved in water or a suitable medium before use. Provided as a pharmaceutical composition.
[0016]
Such liquids include conventional additives such as sorbitol, syrup, methylcellulose, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, aluminum stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fat; lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, Emulsifiers such as gum arabic; oily esters such as almond oil, rectified coconut oil, glycerin esters; non-aqueous media such as propylene glycol and ethyl alcohol (which may also include edible oils); methyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid , Ethyl ester or propyl ester, or preservatives such as sorbic acid, and usual flavoring agents or coloring agents, if necessary.
[0017]
In the case of the above-mentioned oral pharmaceutical compositions such as tablets, capsules and fine granules, the active ingredient is usually contained in an amount of 5 to 95% by weight, preferably 25 to 90% by weight.
The therapeutic agent of the present invention is useful for the prevention and / or treatment of hyperphosphatemia caused by a disease of renal dysfunction, and among them, for the prevention and / or treatment of hyperphosphatemia associated with renal dysfunction. It is particularly useful. The dosage of the prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent of the present invention can be appropriately determined according to the patient's age, health condition, weight, severity of disease, type and frequency of treatment / treatment performed simultaneously, nature of desired effect, and the like. Good. In general, the dose per day for an adult may be 1 to 60 g as the amount of active ingredient, and may be administered once or several times per day.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
The agent for preventing and / or treating hyperphosphatemia of the present invention decreases blood phosphorus concentration and urinary phosphorus excretion. Therefore, the high phosphorus of the present invention against renal dysfunction, chronic renal failure, dialysis, hypocalcemia, hypersecretion of PTH, suppression of vitamin D activation, ectopic calcification, etc., considered to be caused by hyperphosphatemia. It is expected that the preventive and / or therapeutic agent for septicemia has a preventive and therapeutic effect. Furthermore, PTH increase due to hyperphosphatemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism via vitamin D decrease, renal osteodystrophy, uremia, central / peripheral neuropathy, anemia, myocardial damage, hyperlipidemia, sugar Hyperphosphatemia of the present invention against metabolic disorders, pruritus, cutaneous ischemic ulcer, anemia, tendon rupture, sexual dysfunction, muscle disorder, growth retardation, cardiac conduction disorder, lung diffusion disorder, arteriosclerosis, immunodeficiency, etc. Prophylactic and / or therapeutic agents are expected to have prophylactic and therapeutic effects.
[0019]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. MCI-196 manufactured according to the method described in JP-A-60-209523 was used, and cholestyramine resin purchased from Sigma was used. Examples 1, 2 and 3 are also described in Helen M .; Burt et al. , Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, Vol. 76, no. 5 (1987), Chem. Pharm. Bull. , Vol. 37, no. 7, 1936-1938 (1989), Example 4 was developed in American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol. 25, no. 6, 910-917 (1995) and Miner Electrolyte Metab. , Vol. 17, 160-165 (1991).
[0020]
Example 1 Measurement of Binding Constant and Binding Capacity of Phosphoric Acid and Ion Exchange Resin MCI-196 and Cholestyramine Resin were added to a NaH 2 PO 4 2, 3, 4 mM aqueous solution at 1 mg / ml, and hydroxylated. The pH was adjusted to 7.2 with sodium and stirred at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. The resin was removed with a filter, and phosphoric acid that did not bind to the resin was measured with an inorganic phosphorus measuring reagent (PiSET Yatron).
[0021]
The measured phosphoric acid concentration is expressed by Langmuir's formula Ceq / (x / m) = Ceq / k2 + 1 / k1k2.
FIG. 1 shows the result of fitting to (Ceq; concentration of phosphoric acid not bonded to resin, x: amount of phosphoric acid bonded to resin, m: amount of resin, 1 / k2; slope, 1 / k1k2; intercept). In the figure, ● represents the result of MCI-196, and ○ represents the result of cholestyramine resin. Table 1 shows the results of determining the coupling constant (k1) and the coupling capacity (k2) from the slope and intercept of the straight line.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004156684
[0023]
As is clear from Table 1, both MCI-196 and cholestyramine resin showed high binding constants and binding capacities. In particular, MCI-196 showed higher values for binding constant and binding capacity than cholestyramine resin.
[0024]
Example 2 Measurement of Binding Time of Phosphoric Acid and Ion Exchange Resin MCI-196 and cholestyramine resin were added to a 7 mM NaH 2 PO 4 aqueous solution at 1 mg / ml and kept at 37 ° C. The resin was precipitated by centrifuging 5, 10, 20, and 150 minutes after the addition, and phosphoric acid that did not bind to the supernatant resin was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. In the figure, ● represents the result of MCI-196, and ○ represents the result of cholestyramine resin. The binding of phosphate reached equilibrium with MCI-196 and cholestyramine resin at an early time. In particular, the time to reach equilibrium was earlier for MCI-196 compared to cholestyramine resin.
[0025]
Considering ionic composition of a binding test <br/> in intestinal phosphate and ion exchange resin in a solution Example 3 other ions are present, 80mM NaCl, 30mM Na 2 CO 3, 5mM taurocholate, MCI-196 and cholestyramine resin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 mg / ml were added to an aqueous solution in which 10 mM oleic acid and 10 mM NaH 2 PO 4 were dissolved, and the resin was removed with a filter after stirring at 37 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, the phosphate concentration of the supernatant was measured by the method described above. The results are shown in FIG. In the figure, ● represents the result of MCI-196, and ○ represents the result of cholestyramine resin. In both resins, the amount of phosphoric acid increased by increasing the resin concentration. In particular, MCI-196 showed a higher phosphate binding value than cholestyramine resin.
[0026]
Example 4 Effect of Ion Exchange Resin on Blood and Urinary Phosphorus Levels in Normal Rats Wistar male rats were mixed with MCI-196 or cholestyramine at 6 weeks of age. MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. was used as the powder feed for rats. The dosage of MCI-196 was 0.125 and 0.5 g contained in 15 g of food. Before and 14 days after administration, blood was collected from the tail vein, and the phosphorus concentration in the blood was measured with an inorganic phosphorus measuring reagent (PiSET Yatron). In the high-dose group, urine was collected for 22 hours under fasting after blood collection from the tail vein after 14 days, and the phosphorus concentration in the urine was measured with an inorganic phosphorus measurement reagent (PiSET Yatron). Nine rats in each group were used for the experiment. The results are shown in FIGS. In both resin administration groups, blood phosphorus and urinary phosphorus excretion decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In particular, in MCI-196, a significant decrease in urinary phosphorus excretion was observed, and a stronger lowering effect than in cholestyramine resin was observed.
[0027]
Example 5 Effect of Ion Exchange Resin on Urinary Phosphorus Concentration and Renal Function in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats 2/3 excision of 9-week-old left kidney of Wister male rats, and complete excision of the right kidney 1 week later 5/6 nephrectomized rats were prepared. One week later, the administration of MCI-196 was started. A control group of rats was fed a normal diet. MF manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. was used as the powder feed for rats. The dose of MCI-196 was 0.3 g (2%) in 15 g of food. Urine was collected for 24 hours before and 12 weeks after the preparation of 5/6 nephrectomized rats, and the urinary phosphorus concentration was measured with an inorganic phosphorus measuring reagent (PiSET, Yatron). Moreover, the protein concentration in urine was measured with a protein measurement reagent (protein assay kit, Bio-Rad). Nine rats in each group were subjected to the experiment. The results are shown in FIG. 6 and FIG.
No increase in blood phosphorus concentration was observed on the 12th week of preparation of 5/6 nephrectomized rats. An increase in urinary phosphorus excretion was observed in the normal diet group, but no change in urinary phosphorus excretion was observed in the MCI-196 administration group. In the normal diet group, the urinary protein excretion amount increased markedly and the renal function deteriorated. In the MCI-196 administration group, the increase in the urinary protein excretion amount was significantly suppressed, and the renal function Improvement effect was observed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the binding constant and binding capacity (Langmuir formula) of phosphoric acid and ion exchange resin in Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing a change with time of binding between phosphoric acid and an ion exchange resin in Example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a bond between an ion exchange resin and phosphoric acid in the presence of other ions in Example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the blood phosphorus concentration after drug treatment in Example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a drawing showing the amount of phosphorus excreted in urine after drug treatment in Example 4 of the present invention, where * and ** are significant differences from the control (p <0.05 and p <0.05, respectively). 0.01).
FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the amount of urinary phosphorus excretion before and after drug treatment in Example 5 of the present invention, in which ** indicates a significant difference from the control (p <0.01).
FIG. 7 is a drawing showing urinary protein excretion before and after drug treatment in Example 5 of the present invention, where * indicates a significant difference (p <0.05) from the control.

Claims (6)

薬学的に許容し得る2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体からなることを特徴とする高リン血症予防および/または治療剤。A prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for hyperphosphatemia, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer . 血中のリン濃度低下作用に基づく請求項記載の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤。Hyperphosphatemia preventive and / or therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein based on the phosphorus level lowering action in blood. 尿中へのリン排泄低下作用に基づく請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤。The agent for preventing and / or treating hyperphosphatemia according to any one of claims 1 and 2 , which is based on an action of reducing urinary phosphorus excretion. 腎機能障害に伴う高リン血症であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤。The agent for preventing and / or treating hyperphosphatemia according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which is hyperphosphatemia associated with renal dysfunction. 経口投与可能であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の高リン血症予防および/または治療剤。The agent for preventing and / or treating hyperphosphatemia according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , which can be administered orally. 薬学的に許容し得る2−メチルイミダゾール−エピクロロヒドリン共重合体からなることを特徴とするリン酸イオン吸着剤。A phosphate ion adsorbent comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin copolymer .
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