JP4151530B2 - Disaster prevention system for underground space - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention system for an underground space such as an underground station.

As disaster prevention measures at underground stations, it is stipulated that automatic fire alarm equipment, smoke exhaust equipment, fire doors, etc. should be installed. Among them, fire alarms mainly detect fires by detecting flames, smoke and heat at the time of the fire. Flame detection is performed by detecting ultraviolet rays and infrared rays emitted from a flame. The smoke is detected by detecting the amount of light attenuation or scattering. Heat detection is performed by detecting expansion of air, deformation of bimetal, and the like.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-120457

  However, the conventional fire alarm does not include a concentration meter for CO gas generated with a fire. For this reason, before the fire alarm detects a fire, the CO gas may adversely affect the human body. Therefore, there is a problem that the fire detection capability is limited. It is also conceivable to use an infrared spectrometer as the CO gas concentration meter. However, the infrared spectrometer has a problem that the time delay is large because the concentration is calculated by sampling the air in the underground space. In addition, since the infrared spectrometer is a point measurement at a sampling point, there is a problem that it is difficult to evaluate the average concentration of the underground space. Furthermore, in order to monitor a wide range, it is necessary to arrange a large number of CO gas concentration meters. In addition, a CO gas concentration meter will be installed separately from the smoke detector, and in addition to the cost of the concentration meter itself, there is a problem that a large amount of cost is required for installation, maintenance and inspection of the concentration meter. .

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and it is possible to measure the specific gas concentration and the haze transmittance, and to measure the average concentration of the specific gas quickly. The purpose is to provide a space disaster prevention system.

  In order to achieve the above object, a disaster prevention system for underground space according to the present invention includes a semiconductor laser capable of oscillating at least a laser beam having an absorption wavelength by a specific gas, and the laser beam oscillated by the semiconductor laser using the specific gas. A laser control unit that modulates a wavelength around an absorption wavelength; a laser irradiation unit that irradiates laser light oscillated by the semiconductor laser in an underground space; and the laser beam emitted from the laser irradiation unit is received in the underground space The first laser light receiving means, and the signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser light received by the first laser light receiving means, phase-sensitively detected the fundamental wave component of the modulation frequency of the laser light, and the haze in the underground space While calculating the transmittance, the fundamental wave component and the second harmonic component of the modulation frequency of the laser light are phase-sensitively detected to detect the underground sky It employs a structure having a data processing unit for calculating the concentration of the specific gas in to. In this invention, in addition to the specific gas concentration, it is possible to measure the haze transmittance. Moreover, there is no time delay due to sampling, and a specific gas concentration can be measured quickly. In addition, by appropriately setting the distance between the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means, it is possible to measure the average specific gas concentration and the smoke transmittance in a predetermined section. Therefore, it is possible to detect the occurrence of a fire quickly and accurately in an underground space where harmful gases or fumes generated with a fire tend to stay.

  Further, a configuration is adopted in which the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means are arranged to face each other. In the present invention, it is possible to freely set the distance between the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means, and it is possible to measure the average specific gas concentration and the smoke transmittance in a predetermined section.

  And a reflecting means for reflecting the laser light emitted from the laser irradiating means back toward the first laser receiving means, wherein the laser irradiating means, the first laser receiving means, and the reflecting means are arranged to face each other. Adopt the configuration that is. In the present invention, it is possible to set the distance between the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means to be considerably long, and it is possible to measure the average specific gas concentration and the smoke transmittance in a predetermined section.

  A branching unit disposed on the optical axis of the laser irradiating unit and the first laser receiving unit and branching a part of the laser beam irradiated from the laser irradiating unit from the optical axis; Second laser light receiving means for receiving the branched laser light in the underground space, and the data processing unit receives the smoke from a signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser light received by the first laser light receiving means. One of the transmittance and the specific gas concentration is calculated, and the other one of the haze transmittance and the specific gas concentration is calculated from a signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser beam received by the second laser receiving means. Adopt the configuration to do. In this invention, since the optical path length of the laser beam for measuring the specific gas concentration and the optical path length of the laser beam for measuring the fog transmittance can be set independently, the specific gas concentration and Accurate measurement of haze transmittance is possible.

  Further, the laser irradiation means and / or the first laser light receiving means is housed inside a housing having a transmission window for the laser light, and detects the laser light scattered by dust adhering to the transmission window. A configuration in which a sensor is provided is employed. In this invention, the dust adhering to the transmission window can be detected by the sensor receiving the scattered light. By removing this dust, it is possible to prevent a decrease in measurement accuracy of the specific gas concentration. Further, the laser transmittance can be corrected by the intensity of the scattered light.

  In addition, an optical switch corresponding to a plurality of measurement points is sequentially arranged on the main outgoing optical fiber extending from the semiconductor laser, and the secondary outgoing optical fibers branched by the optical switches are respectively connected to the measurement optical fibers. A plurality of subordinate incident optical fibers are branched from a main incident optical fiber that is connected to the laser irradiation means disposed at a point and extends from the data processing unit, and is disposed at each measurement point, respectively. A configuration connected to the first laser light receiving means is adopted. In the present invention, it is possible to perform measurement at a plurality of points using one semiconductor laser and a data processing unit. In addition, measurement can be easily performed by switching the minimum optical switch.

  Further, a main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser through an optical isolator and a main incident optical fiber extended from the data processing unit are connected to a main outgoing / incoming optical branching device, and the main outgoing / incident light An optical switch corresponding to a plurality of measurement points is sequentially arranged on the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber extended from the branching unit, and the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber branched by each optical switch is connected to the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical branching unit. Therefore, one is connected to the laser irradiation means at each measurement point, and the other is connected to the first laser light receiving means at each measurement point via an optical isolator. In the present invention, since a plurality of measurement points are connected in series by one main light incident / incident optical fiber and concentration measurement is possible at each point, the installation cost of the disaster prevention system can be reduced.

  Further, a main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser through an optical isolator and a main incident optical fiber extended from the data processing unit are connected to a main outgoing / incoming optical branching device, and the main outgoing / incident light A multi-channel optical switch is connected to the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber extended from the branching unit, and the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber extended from each channel of the multi-channel optical switch passes through the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical branching unit. One is connected to the laser irradiation means arranged at a plurality of measurement points, and the other is connected to the first laser receiving means at each measurement point via an optical isolator. In the present invention, a plurality of measurement points are connected in parallel by a multi-channel optical switch to enable concentration measurement at each point. Therefore, even if an optical fiber is disconnected at one measurement point, measurement is performed at other measurement points. It can be performed. Therefore, a highly reliable underground disaster prevention system can be provided.

  Further, a plurality of subordinate outgoing optical fibers are branched from a main outgoing optical fiber extending from the semiconductor laser and connected to the laser irradiation means disposed at a plurality of measurement points, respectively, and the data processing A plurality of subordinate incident optical fibers are branched from the main incident optical fiber extending from the section, and are connected to the first laser receiving means disposed at the respective measurement points, and are disposed at the respective measurement points. Further, a configuration is adopted in which a shutter is provided on the optical axis of the laser irradiating means and the first laser light receiving means, which can switch between transmission and blocking of the laser light emitted from the laser irradiating means. In this invention, since the measurement point is switched using a shutter instead of the optical switch, the durability of the disaster prevention system can be improved. In addition, measurement can be easily performed with minimal switching of the shutter.

  Further, a main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser through an optical isolator and a main incident optical fiber extended from the data processing unit are connected to a main outgoing / incoming optical branching device, and the main outgoing / incident light A multi-channel optical splitter is connected to the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber extending from the branching device, and the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber extended from each channel of the multi-channel optical branching device passes through the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical branching device. Thus, one is connected to the laser irradiating means arranged at a plurality of measurement points, and the other is connected to the first laser receiving means at each measurement point via an optical isolator. Transmission of laser light emitted from the laser irradiation means on the optical axes of the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means arranged and To adopt a configuration capable shutter switch the disconnection is provided. In this invention, since the measurement point is switched using a shutter instead of the optical switch, the durability of the disaster prevention system can be improved.

  Further, in the main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser, optical branching devices corresponding to a plurality of measurement points are sequentially arranged, and the secondary outgoing optical fibers branched by the respective optical branching devices are respectively The first laser receiving means connected to the laser irradiation means arranged at each measurement point, and the first laser light receiving means arranged at each measurement point includes a photodetector, and electrical wirings extending from the respective photodetectors are respectively provided. A configuration connected to the data processing unit is adopted. In the present invention, the specific gas concentration can be simultaneously measured at a plurality of measurement points, so that the specific gas concentration can be quickly measured.

  Moreover, the structure which issues a warning when the measured value of the said fog transmission rate and the said specific gas concentration exceeds predetermined value is employ | adopted. In the present invention, it is possible to quickly detect the occurrence of a fire and issue an alarm based on the measured values of the haze transmittance and the specific gas concentration.

  Since the underground space disaster prevention system of the present invention uses the laser absorption method, it is possible to measure the haze transmittance in addition to the specific gas concentration. Moreover, there is no time delay due to sampling, and a specific gas concentration can be measured quickly. Further, by setting an appropriate distance between the laser irradiation means and the laser light receiving means, it is possible to measure an average specific gas concentration in a predetermined section.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a disaster prevention system for an underground space according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, an underground station is taken up as a specific example of the underground space. The disaster prevention system for an underground space according to the present invention can be applied to any underground space such as an underground parking lot and an underground shopping street.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an underground station disaster prevention system according to the present embodiment. The underground station disaster prevention system 5 according to this embodiment includes a semiconductor laser 10 that oscillates laser light in the vicinity of an absorption wavelength of a specific gas, a laser control unit 20 that modulates the wavelength of the laser light, and the modulated laser light within the underground station The laser irradiation means 30 for irradiating the laser beam, the laser light receiving means 40 for receiving the laser beam in the underground station, and the specific gas concentration in the underground station by converting the intensity of the received laser light into an electric signal and performing phase sensitive detection. And a data processing unit 50 for calculating the haze transmittance.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a semiconductor laser 10 and a laser control unit 20 are provided inside the control panel 8. The semiconductor laser 10 is capable of oscillating a laser beam having a wavelength that maximizes the absorption rate of the specific gas whose concentration is to be measured. For example, when measuring the concentration of CO gas, the wavelength is 1.567 μm and A laser that can oscillate laser light having a peripheral wavelength is employed. One laser control unit 20 is provided with an external modulator 26 in addition to the power supply 22 of the semiconductor laser. The external modulator 26 modulates the drive current supplied from the power source 22 to the semiconductor laser 10 to modulate the wavelength of the laser light oscillated by the semiconductor laser. As a result, the semiconductor laser 10 can oscillate laser light whose wavelength changes with a constant period and amplitude around the absorption wavelength of the specific gas. The laser controller 20 is provided with a temperature controller 24. The temperature controller 24 controls the drive current of a mechanism that cools the semiconductor laser 10 such as a Peltier element (not shown) to maintain the semiconductor laser 10 at a predetermined temperature, and sets the wavelength of the laser light that the semiconductor laser 10 oscillates. Stabilize. An outgoing optical fiber 62 extends from the semiconductor laser 10 to the outside of the control panel 8.

  FIG. 1 is a side view of a state where an underground station disaster prevention system according to the present embodiment is installed. The outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the control panel 8 is connected to laser irradiation means (hereinafter referred to as irradiation means) 30. The irradiating means 30 irradiates the underground station 1 with laser light oscillated by a semiconductor laser. Further, a first laser light receiving means (hereinafter referred to as a light receiving means) 40 is disposed facing the irradiation means 30. The light receiving means 40 receives the laser light irradiated from the irradiation means 30 and transmitted through the air in the underground station 1 at the underground station 1. The irradiating means 30 and the light receiving means 40 are arranged opposite to each other in parallel with the track of the underground station 1 where the concentration of the specific gas is to be measured. Thereby, it becomes possible to freely set the distance between the irradiation means 30 and the light receiving means 40, and it is possible to freely set a local range for measuring the specific gas concentration and the smoke transmittance. Further, it is desirable that the irradiation means 30 and the light receiving means 40 are installed on the ceiling portion of the platform of the underground station. Thereby, alignment adjustment of the irradiation means 30 and the light-receiving means 40 can be performed without obstructing the traffic of a train.

  FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the irradiation means. The irradiation means 30 includes an emission terminal 32 that emits laser light from the emission optical fiber, a lens 34 that converts the laser light into parallel light, a housing 38 that houses both, and a transmission that extracts the laser light outside the housing 38. The window 36 and a laser emission guide 39 are configured. On the other hand, the light receiving means 40 shown in FIG. 1 similarly includes an incident terminal 42 for entering laser light into an incident optical fiber, a lens 44 for condensing the laser light, a housing 48 for housing both, and a housing 48. A transmission window 46 for taking in laser light and a guide 49 for a laser incident port. By the way, since the irradiation means 30 is installed in an environment with much dust, as shown in FIG. 3, the dust 37 may adhere to the surface of the transmission window 36. In this case, the laser light irradiated from the incident terminal 32 is scattered by the dust 37, and a part of the laser light is off the optical axis, which may reduce the measurement accuracy of the specific gas concentration and the fog transmittance. . Therefore, it is desirable to provide the above-described scattered light condensing lens 35 and light receiving sensor 33 at a position off the optical axis of the laser light. The condensing lens 35 and the light receiving sensor 33 can be disposed inside the housing 38. Then, when the light receiving sensor 33 receives the scattered light described above and rises to a predetermined output value, the dust 37 adhering to the transmission window 36 may be removed. If the output value is less than the predetermined value, the laser transmittance is corrected based on the signal intensity. Thereby, the fall of the measurement precision of specific gas density | concentration and haze transmittance | permeability can be prevented. Note that it is desirable to provide a similar condensing lens and light receiving sensor in the light receiving means.

  Instead of the irradiation unit 30 and the light receiving unit 40 described above, as shown in FIG. 2, an irradiation unit 31 and a light receiving unit 41 may be disposed adjacent to each other. In this case, there is provided a reflection means 29 that reflects the laser light emitted from the irradiation means 31 back toward the light receiving means 41. And the irradiation means 31 and the light-receiving means 41 which were arrange | positioned adjacently, and the reflection means 29 mentioned above are opposingly arranged in parallel with the track | line in an underground station premises. As a result, the irradiation means 31 and the light receiving means 41 can be accommodated in a single housing, and the above-described scattered light receiving sensor can be shared, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. it can. Furthermore, it becomes possible to set the optical path length of the laser beam irradiated to the underground station premises to be long, and the average specific gas concentration and the smoke transmittance in the underground station premises can be obtained. On the contrary, when the optical path length is set short, the specific gas concentration and the haze transmittance at a specific point can be accurately obtained even when the specific gas concentration and the distribution of the haze exist in the underground station.

  As shown in FIG. 2, an incident optical fiber 68 extends from the light receiving means 40 and is connected to the data processing unit 50 of the control panel 8. The data processing unit 50 analyzes a signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser beam received by the light receiving means 40, and calculates a specific gas concentration and a fog transmission rate in the underground station. The data processing unit 50 is provided with a photodetector 53 such as a photodiode. The photodetector 53 converts the intensity of the laser beam received by the light receiving means 40 into an electric signal. In the light receiving means 40, a photodetector may be arranged instead of the light receiving terminal 42. As a result, the intensity of the received laser beam can be converted into an electrical signal and then transmitted to the data processing unit 50, and the incident optical fiber 68 is not required and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The data processing unit 50 is provided with a first lock-in amplifier (hereinafter referred to as a first amplifier) 52 and a second lock-in amplifier (hereinafter referred to as a second amplifier) 54. The first amplifier 52 receives a fundamental component (same as the modulation frequency of the laser light oscillated by the semiconductor laser 10) from a signal corresponding to the laser light intensity received by the light receiving means 40 and converted into an electric signal by the photodetector 53. Frequency-sensitive component). The second amplifier 54 receives a second harmonic component of the modulation frequency of the laser light oscillated by the semiconductor laser 10 from a signal corresponding to the laser light intensity received by the light receiving means 40 and converted into an electric signal by the photodetector 53 ( Phase-sensitive detection of a component having twice the frequency). The first amplifier 52 and the second amplifier 54 are connected to a personal computer (PC) 58 so that detection is automatically performed. The PC 58 calculates the fog transmittance from the detection result of the first amplifier 52 and calculates the concentration of the specific gas from the detection result of the first amplifier 52 and the detection result of the second amplifier 54. Further, the PC 58 outputs the calculated haze transmittance and specific gas concentration to the central control system.

  Note that the above-described configuration calculates both the specific gas concentration and the fog transmittance from a signal corresponding to the laser beam received by one light receiving means 40. On the other hand, you may provide separately the light-receiving means for calculating | requiring specific gas concentration, and the light-receiving means for calculating | requiring haze transmittance | permeability. FIG. 4 is a block diagram when a plurality of light receiving means are provided. In this case, the irradiating unit 30 and the first light receiving unit 70 are arranged to face each other, and the irradiating unit 30 and the second light receiving unit 72 are arranged adjacent to each other. Further, a branching unit that branches a part of the laser beam emitted from the irradiation unit 30 on the optical axis of the irradiation unit 30 and the first light receiving unit 70 from the optical axis and reflects it toward the second light receiving unit 72. 79 is provided. Then, the data processing unit 50 calculates either the specific gas concentration or the fume transmittance from the signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser light received by the first light receiving means 70, and the laser light received by the second light receiving means 72. One of the specific gas concentration and the haze transmittance is calculated from the signal corresponding to the intensity. In this way, by providing a plurality of light receiving means, it is possible to individually set the optical path length optimal for the measurement of the fog transmittance and the specific gas concentration.

  On the other hand, when measuring specific gas concentration and haze transmittance at multiple points in the same underground station, or when measuring at multiple adjacent underground stations, the above-mentioned underground station The disaster prevention system 5 may be provided. However, it is also possible to measure the specific gas concentration at a plurality of points by one control panel 8. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a first wiring example in which measurement is performed at a plurality of points. In FIG. 5, a first optical switch 64 and a second optical switch 164 are sequentially arranged on a main outgoing optical fiber 62 extending from the semiconductor laser 10 in the control panel 8. The operation of each of the optical switches 64 and 164 can be controlled by the data processing unit 50 through a signal cable (electrical wiring) 80. The first optical switch 64 and the second optical switch 164 are arranged corresponding to the first measurement point A and the second measurement point B. The subordinate outgoing optical fiber 65 branched by the first optical switch 64 is connected to the irradiation means 30 at the first measurement point A. The subordinate outgoing optical fiber 165 branched by the second optical switch 164 is connected to the irradiation means 130 at the second measurement point B. On the other hand, on the main incident optical fiber 68 extended from the data processing part 50 of the control board 8, the 1st optical combiner 67 and the 2nd optical combiner 167 which consist of an optical waveguide etc. are arrange | positioned one by one. The incident optical fiber 66 that follows from the first optical combiner 67 is branched and connected to the light receiving means 40 at the first measurement point A. Further, the incident optical fiber 166 following from the second optical combiner 167 is branched and connected to the light receiving means 140 at the second measurement point B. When measurement is performed at three or more locations, the main outgoing optical fiber 62 and the main incident optical fiber 68 may be extended and wired in the same manner as described above.

  In this first wiring example, measurement is performed alternately in a time division manner at each measurement point. In order to perform measurement at the first measurement point A, the first optical switch 64 is switched to connect the main outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the semiconductor laser 10 to the secondary outgoing optical fiber 65. Thereby, the laser beam oscillated by the semiconductor laser 10 can be irradiated from the irradiation means 30. Further, the laser light received by the light receiving means 40 can be guided to the incident optical fiber 68 by the first optical combiner 67 and input to the data processing unit 50. On the other hand, to perform measurement at the second measurement point B, the first optical switch 64 is switched to extend the main outgoing optical fiber 62. Further, the second optical switch 164 may be switched to connect the main outgoing optical fiber 62 to the secondary outgoing optical fiber 165. Note that when the measurement is performed at only two locations, the second optical switch 164 and the second optical combiner 167 do not need to be provided. Further, even when measurement is performed at three or more locations, the laser light received by each light receiving means can be converted into an electrical signal only by providing one data detector 53 in the data processing unit 50. Although the optical combiner is an optical waveguide, an optical switch or the like may be used. As described above, by arranging the optical switches 64 and 164 corresponding to the respective measurement points on the outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the semiconductor laser 10, one semiconductor laser 10 and the data processing unit 50 are used. Measurements can be made at multiple points. In the first wiring example, the measurement can be easily performed by switching the minimum optical switches 64 and 164.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an example in which the transmitted light at each measurement point is returned to the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber and wired. The main outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the semiconductor laser 10 in the control panel 8 includes an optical isolator 62i for blocking the laser light returning to the semiconductor laser 10 and an optical branching device for transmission / reception branching (main incoming / outgoing). (Irradiating branching device) 63 are sequentially arranged. One of the optical splitters 63 connects the laser light generated by the semiconductor laser 10 to the first optical switch 64, and the other of the optical splitters 63 processes the incident light transmitted through each measurement point as data processing. Used to connect to section 50. A first optical switch 64 and a second optical switch 164 are sequentially disposed in a main light incident / incident optical fiber 63 a extending from the optical splitter 63. The operation of each of the optical switches 64 and 164 can be controlled by the data processing unit 50 through a signal cable (electrical wiring) 80. The first optical switch 64 and the second optical switch 164 are arranged corresponding to the first measurement point A and the second measurement point B. Then, the secondary light incident / incident optical fiber 64a branched by the first optical switch 64 passes through the first optical branching device (secondary light incident / incident light branching device) 67, and one of them is applied to the irradiation means 30 at the first measurement point A. The other is connected to the light receiving means 40 with the optical isolator 66i interposed therebetween. The optical isolator 66i blocks light guide of the laser light to the light receiving means 40. On the other hand, the secondary incident optical fiber 164a branched by the second optical switch 164 is connected to the irradiation means 130 at the second measurement point B through the second optical splitter 167, and the other is the optical isolator 166i. Is connected to the light receiving means 140. When measurement is performed at three or more locations, the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber 63a may be extended and wired in the same manner as described above.

  At each measurement point, measurement is performed alternately in a time division manner. To perform measurement at the first measurement point A, the first optical switch 64 is switched to connect the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber 63a extended from the semiconductor laser 10 to the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber 64a. Thereby, the laser beam oscillated by the semiconductor laser 10 can be irradiated from the irradiation means 30. At this time, the laser beam branched to the light receiving means 40 from the first optical splitter 67 disposed in the incident light incident / incident optical fiber 64a is blocked by the optical isolator 66i. Conversely, the laser light received by the light receiving means 40 is input to the data processing unit 50 via the optical isolator 66i, the first optical branching device 67, the first optical switch 64, and the transmission / reception branching optical branching device 63. The On the other hand, in order to perform measurement at the second measurement point B, the first optical switch 64 is switched to extend the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber 63a. Furthermore, the second optical switch 164 may be switched to connect the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber 63a to the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber 164a. Note that the second optical switch 164 need not be provided when measurement is performed at only two locations. Further, even when measurement is performed at three or more locations, the laser light received by each light receiving means can be converted into an electric signal only by providing one data detector 53 in the data processing unit 50. Furthermore, since the main outgoing optical fiber 62 and the main incident optical fiber 68 in FIG. 5 can be integrated into one outgoing / incoming optical fiber 63a in FIG. 6, it is possible to save labor and reduce the number of optical fibers. It becomes. An optical waveguide, a fiber-type directional coupler, a beam splitter, or the like can be used for the optical branching unit.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an example of wiring in which the number of optical switches is reduced by providing multi-channel optical switches. The main outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the semiconductor laser 10 in the control panel 8 includes an optical isolator 62i for blocking the laser light returning to the semiconductor laser 10 and an optical branching device for transmission / reception branching (main incoming / outgoing). (Irradiating branching device) 63 are sequentially arranged. One of the optical splitters 63 connects laser light generated by the semiconductor laser 10 to the multichannel optical switch 64, and the other of the optical splitters 63 performs data processing on incident light transmitted through each measurement point. Used to connect to section 50. A main light incident / incident optical fiber 63 a extending from the optical branching device 63 for transmission / reception branching is connected to the multichannel optical switch 64. The operation of the multi-channel optical switch 64 can be controlled by the data processing unit 50 through a signal cable (electrical wiring) 80. The multi-channel optical switch 64 has the same number of channels as the number of measurement points. Subordinate outgoing and incoming optical fibers 64a and 164a extending from the respective channels are connected to optical splitters (subsequent outgoing and incoming optical splitters) 67 and 167 at the respective measurement points A and B. One of the first optical splitters 67 is connected to the irradiation means 30 at the first measurement point A, and the other is connected to the light receiving means 40 with the optical isolator 66i interposed therebetween. The optical isolator 66i blocks light guide of the laser light to the light receiving means 40. One of the second optical splitters 167 is connected to the irradiation means 130 at the second measurement point B, and the other is connected to the light receiving means 140 with the optical isolator 166i interposed therebetween. In the case where measurement is performed at three or more locations, the same wiring as described above may be performed on other incident light incident / incident optical fibers extended from the multichannel optical switch 64.

  At each measurement point, measurement is performed alternately in a time division manner. In order to perform measurement at the first measurement point A, the multi-channel optical switch 64 is switched to the outgoing / incoming optical fiber 64a, and the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber 63a extended from the semiconductor laser 10 is changed to the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber 64a. Connecting. Thereby, the laser beam oscillated by the semiconductor laser 10 can be irradiated from the irradiation means 30 at the first measurement point A. At this time, the laser beam branched from the first optical splitter 67 to the light receiving means 40 is blocked by the optical isolator 66i. Conversely, the laser light received by the light receiving means 40 is input to the data processing unit 50 via the optical isolator 66i, the first optical branching device 67, the multichannel optical switch 64, and the transmission / reception branching optical branching device 63. The On the other hand, in order to perform measurement at the second measurement point B, the multi-channel optical switch 64 is switched to the outgoing / incoming optical fiber 164a, and the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber 63a extended from the semiconductor laser 10 is changed to the outgoing / incoming optical fiber. What is necessary is just to connect to 164a. In the above case, since the transmission fiber to each measurement point is independent, there is an advantage that even if one is cut, the other is not affected. Even when measurement is performed at a plurality of points, the laser light received by each light receiving means can be converted into an electrical signal by providing only one photodetector 53 in the data processing unit 50. Moreover, an optical waveguide, a fiber type directional coupler, a beam splitter, etc. can be used for the optical branching unit.

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a method for switching measurement points using a mechanical shutter. A main outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the semiconductor laser 10 in the control panel 8 is provided with a first optical branching device 64 and a second optical branching device 164 made up of a fiber-type directional coupler or the like. . The first optical branching device 64 and the second optical branching device 164 are arranged corresponding to the first measurement point A and the second measurement point B. The subordinate outgoing optical fiber 65 branched by the first optical branching device 64 is connected to the irradiation means 30 at the first measurement point A. The subordinate outgoing optical fiber 165 branched by the second optical splitter 164 is connected to the irradiation means 130 at the second measurement point B. On the other hand, on the main incident optical fiber 68 extended from the data processing part 50 of the control board 8, the 1st optical combiner 67 and the 2nd optical combiner 167 which consist of an optical waveguide etc. are arrange | positioned one by one. The incident optical fiber 66 that follows from the first optical combiner 67 is branched and connected to the light receiving means 40 at the first measurement point A. Further, the incident optical fiber 166 following from the second optical combiner 167 is branched and connected to the light receiving means 140 at the second measurement point B. Mechanical shutters 85 and 185 are disposed between the irradiation means 30 and 130 and the light receiving means 40 and 140 at the measurement points A and B, respectively. The mechanical shutters 85 and 185 are formed so as to transmit laser light when opened and to block laser light when closed. The operations of the mechanical shutters 85 and 185 can be controlled by the data processing unit 50 through a signal cable (electrical wiring) 80. When measurement is performed at three or more locations, the main outgoing optical fiber 62 and the main incident optical fiber 68 may be extended and wired in the same manner as described above.

  At each measurement point, measurement is performed alternately in a time division manner. Switching between measurement points is performed by mechanical shutters 85 and 185 disposed at each measurement point. In order to perform measurement at the first measurement point A, the mechanical shutter 85 at the first measurement point A is opened and the mechanical shutter 185 at the other measurement point is closed. As a result, the laser light emitted from the irradiation unit 30 can be guided to the light receiving unit 40, and only the laser light received by the light receiving unit 40 can be input to the data processing unit 50. On the other hand, in order to perform measurement at the second measurement point B, the mechanical shutter 185 at the second measurement point B may be opened and the mechanical shutter 85 at another measurement point may be closed. As described above, since the measurement points are switched by the mechanical shutters 85 and 185, the optical branching units 64 and 164 having excellent durability are adopted in FIG. 8 instead of the optical switches 64 and 164 shown in FIG. Can do. Therefore, the durability of the disaster prevention system can be improved. Note that when the measurement is performed at only two locations, it is not necessary to provide the second optical splitter 164 and the second optical combiner 167. Further, even when measurement is performed at three or more locations, the laser light received by each light receiving means can be converted into an electric signal only by providing one data detector 53 in the data processing unit 50. Each optical branching device is a fiber type directional coupler, but may be an optical waveguide, a beam splitter, or the like. In addition, the ratio of the laser beam that the optical branching device (64) disposed at the m-th measuring point among the n measuring points branches into the subordinate outgoing optical fiber (65) and the main outgoing optical fiber (62). Is preferably 1: (nm). Thereby, a laser beam can be transmitted equally to each measurement point.

  FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a system for distributing laser light to each measurement point using an optical branching device of another channel. This is a combination of the optical branching devices shown in FIG. 8 and the transmission side and reception side optical fibers integrated. In FIG. 9, an optical isolator 62i for blocking the laser light returning to the semiconductor laser 10 and a fiber-type directional coupler, etc., on a main outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the semiconductor laser 10 in the control panel 8 A transmission / reception branching optical branching unit (main outgoing / incoming optical branching unit) 63 is sequentially disposed. One of the optical branching units 63 connects laser light generated by the semiconductor laser 10 to the multichannel optical branching unit 63, and the other of the optical branching units 63 uses incident light transmitted through each measurement point as data. Used to connect to the processing unit 50. The main light incident / incident optical fiber 63 a extending from the optical branching device 63 for transmission / reception branching is connected to the multichannel optical branching device 64. The multi-channel optical branching device 64 has the same number of channels as the number of measurement points. Subordinate outgoing and incoming optical fibers 64a and 164a extending from the respective channels are connected to optical splitters (subsequent outgoing and incoming optical splitters) 67 and 167 at the respective measurement points A and B. One of the first optical splitters 67 is connected to the irradiation means 30 at the first measurement point A, and the other is connected to the light receiving means 40 with the optical isolator 66i interposed therebetween. The optical isolator 66i blocks light guide of the laser light to the light receiving means 40. One of the second optical splitters 167 is connected to the irradiation means 130 at the second measurement point B, and the other is connected to the light receiving means 140 with the optical isolator 166i interposed therebetween. Mechanical shutters 85 and 185 are disposed between the irradiation means 30 and 130 and the light receiving means 40 and 140 at the measurement points A and B, respectively. The mechanical shutters 85 and 185 are formed so as to transmit laser light when opened and to block laser light when closed. The operations of the mechanical shutters 85 and 185 can be controlled by the data processing unit 50 through a signal cable (electrical wiring) 80. In the case where the measurement is performed at three or more locations, the same wiring as described above may be performed for other incident light incident / incident optical fibers extended from the multi-channel optical splitter 64.

  At each measurement point, measurement is performed alternately in a time division manner. Switching between measurement points is performed by mechanical shutters 85 and 185 disposed at each measurement point. In order to perform measurement at the first measurement point A, the mechanical shutter 85 at the first measurement point A is opened and the mechanical shutter 185 at the other measurement point is closed. As a result, the laser light emitted from the irradiation unit 30 can be guided to the light receiving unit 40, and only the laser light received by the light receiving unit 40 can be input to the data processing unit 50. At this time, the laser beam branched from the first optical splitter 67 to the light receiving means 40 is blocked by the optical isolator 66i. Conversely, the laser light received by the light receiving means 40 is input to the data processing unit 50 via the optical isolator 66i, the first optical branching device 67, the multichannel optical branching device 64, and the transmission / reception branching optical branching device 63. Is done. On the other hand, in order to perform measurement at the second measurement point B, the mechanical shutter 185 at the second measurement point B may be opened and the mechanical shutter 85 at the other measurement point may be closed to cut off the line. As described above, since the measurement points are switched by the mechanical shutters 85 and 185, the multi-channel optical splitter 64 having excellent durability is adopted in FIG. 9 instead of the multi-channel optical switch 64 shown in FIG. Can do. Therefore, the durability of the disaster prevention system can be improved. In addition, since the transmission fiber to each measurement point is independent, there is an advantage that even if one is cut, the other is not affected. Even when the measurement is performed at three or more locations, the laser light received by each light receiving means can be converted into an electrical signal only by providing one data detector 53 in the data processing unit 50. The optical branching device is a fiber type directional coupler, but may be an optical waveguide, a beam splitter, or the like. Furthermore, although the multi-channel optical branching device is an optical waveguide, it may be a beam splitter or the like.

  FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram when a photodetector is disposed at each measurement point. A main outgoing optical fiber 62 extended from the semiconductor laser 10 in the control panel 8 is provided with a first optical branching device 64 and a second optical branching device 164 made up of a fiber-type directional coupler or the like. . The first optical branching device 64 and the second optical branching device 164 are arranged corresponding to the first measurement point A and the second measurement point B. The subordinate outgoing optical fiber 65 branched by the first optical branching device 64 is connected to the irradiation means 30 at the first measurement point A. The subordinate outgoing optical fiber 165 branched by the second optical splitter 164 is connected to the irradiation means 130 at the second measurement point B. On the other hand, the light receiving means 40 and 140 disposed opposite to the irradiation means 30 and 130 are provided with photodetectors 40a and 140a such as photodiodes, respectively. Signal cables (electrical wiring) 80 and 180 extending from the photodetectors 40a and 140a are connected to the data processing unit 50, respectively. When measuring at three or more locations, the main outgoing optical fiber 62 may be extended, and a signal cable may be added and wired in the same manner as described above.

  And at each measured value point, it measures simultaneously. For example, the laser beam branched by the optical branching device 64 at the first measurement point A is irradiated from the irradiation unit 30, received by the light receiving unit 40, and incident on the photodetector 40a. The intensity signal of the laser beam converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector 40 a is transmitted to the data processing unit 50 through the signal cable 80. Similarly, electrical signals are transmitted to the data processing unit 50 from other measurement points. The data processing unit 50 records an electrical signal from each measurement point in a memory (not shown), sequentially reads the recorded electrical signal, and calculates a specific gas concentration at each measurement point. Thus, the specific gas concentration can be simultaneously measured at a plurality of measurement points, so that the specific gas concentration can be measured quickly. Note that the second optical branching device 164 need not be provided when measurement is performed at only two locations. In addition, the ratio of the laser beam that the optical branching device (64) disposed at the m-th measuring point among the n measuring points branches into the subordinate outgoing optical fiber (65) and the main outgoing optical fiber (62). Is preferably 1: (nm). Thereby, a laser beam can be transmitted equally to each measurement point.

Next, the operation of the disaster prevention system for an underground station according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of wavelength modulation. In general, a specific gas absorbs light of a specific wavelength. Therefore, the transmittance of the laser light incident on the specific gas varies depending on the wavelength of the laser light. That is, the specific gas has a laser beam transmittance characteristic as shown in the center of FIG. For example, CO gas has one absorption line at a wavelength of 1.567 μm, and the transmittance of laser light is minimized. Therefore, the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is modulated by changing the driving current of the semiconductor laser around the absorption wavelength of the specific gas. And it irradiates from the irradiation means installed in the underground station yard.

  In general, the oscillation angular frequency Ω of a semiconductor laser is a function of temperature and drive current. However, when the drive current is modulated by the angular frequency ω with the temperature kept constant, the oscillation angular frequency Ω of the semiconductor laser is determined according to the following equation: Modulated by ω.

ただし、Ω_０は半導体レーザの中心発振角周波数であり、ΔΩは発振角周波数変調振幅であり、ω（＝２πｆ、ｆは周波数）は変調角周波数である。

However, Ω ₀ is the central oscillation angular frequency of the semiconductor laser, ΔΩ is the oscillation angular frequency modulation amplitude, and ω (= 2πf, f is the frequency) is the modulation angular frequency.

  At this time, the laser output Iin is simultaneously subjected to intensity modulation represented by the following equation.

ただし、Ｉ_０は半導体レーザの強度変調の中心強度、ΔＩは強度変調振幅、ωは変調角周波数である。
なお、レーザ出力が一定ならば図１１の９５に示すような信号となるが、実際には数式２で示す強度変調を受けるため、図１１の９２に示す波形と重なっている。

However, I ₀ is the central intensity of intensity modulation of the semiconductor laser, ΔI is the intensity modulation amplitude, and ω is the modulation angular frequency.
If the laser output is constant, a signal as shown at 95 in FIG. 11 is obtained. However, since the intensity modulation shown in Equation 2 is actually applied, it overlaps with the waveform shown at 92 in FIG.

  And when specific gas exists between the irradiation means 30 and the light-receiving means 40 shown in FIG. 2, a part of laser beam irradiated from the irradiation means 30 is absorbed by specific gas, and the remaining laser light is absorbed. The specific gas passes through and is received by the light receiving means 40. Now, the distance between the irradiation means 30 and the light receiving means 40 is L, the concentration of the specific gas existing in the optical path is N, the absorption coefficient of the laser light by the specific gas is α, and the attenuation rate of the laser light due to factors other than the specific gas is Let R be. Then, the Lambert-Beer law expressed by the following equation is established between the intensity Iin of the laser light incident on the specific gas and the intensity Iout of the laser light transmitted through the specific gas.

  Here, since the laser oscillation angular frequency modulation amplitude ΔΩ is sufficiently small, the absorption coefficient α of a specific gas such as CO gas can be expressed by the following equation as a function of the laser oscillation angular frequency Ω when focusing on one absorption line in the atmosphere. Indicated.

ただし、α_０は吸収線中心での吸収係数、Ωはレーザ発振角周波数、ω_０は吸収線の中心周波数、γは吸収線の半値幅である。

Here, α ₀ is the absorption coefficient at the center of the absorption line, Ω is the laser oscillation angular frequency, ω ₀ is the center frequency of the absorption line, and γ is the half width of the absorption line.

When the center oscillation angular frequency Ω _{0 of the} laser and the absorption line center frequency ω _{0 of} the specific gas are matched, Equation 1 is substituted into Equation 4 to obtain the following equation.

また、αＮＬ≪１、ΔΩ／γ≪１と仮定し、数式３を変調周波数ωでフーリエ級数展開すると、そのうちのω成分Ｉ_ωおよび２ω成分Ｉ_２ωはそれぞれ次式となる。

Further, assuming that αNL << 1 and ΔΩ / γ << 1, Equation 3 is expanded by Fourier series at the modulation frequency ω, and the ω component I _ω and 2ω component I _2ω thereof are respectively expressed by the following equations.

  When these ratios are taken, the following equation is obtained.

このように、粉塵等による減衰量Ｒを含まない量が得られる。そして、ロックインアンプにより変調周波数の基本波成分および２倍波成分を位相敏感検波すれば、数式８のＩ_ωおよびＩ_２ωに比例した信号が得られる。すなわち、ロックインアンプで検出した基本波成分はレーザ光の強度に比例し、２倍波成分はレーザ光の強度および特定ガス濃度Ｎに比例する。

In this way, an amount that does not include the attenuation amount R due to dust or the like is obtained. Then, if the fundamental component and the second harmonic component of the modulation frequency are phase-sensitively detected by the lock-in amplifier, signals proportional to I _ω and I _2ω in Expression 8 are obtained. That is, the fundamental wave component detected by the lock-in amplifier is proportional to the intensity of the laser beam, and the second harmonic component is proportional to the intensity of the laser beam and the specific gas concentration N.

  Therefore, the first lock-in amplifier 52 shown in FIG. 2 detects the fundamental component of the modulation frequency from the signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser beam received by the light receiving means 40. The second lock-in amplifier 54 performs phase-sensitive detection on the second harmonic component of the modulation frequency from the signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser beam received by the light receiving means 40. Then, the detection result is output to the PC 58. In the PC 58, the specific gas concentration N can be obtained by calculating the ratio between the two and collating the relationship between the signal intensity and concentration stored in advance in the database.

  Here, as shown in Equation 8, a decrease in the oscillation intensity of the semiconductor laser or a decrease in the laser intensity due to scattering attenuation caused by the dirt on the window is an error factor. Therefore, the output value of the oscillation intensity monitor of the semiconductor laser and the output value of the sensor that detects the dirt on the window are constantly monitored, and the laser intensity is attenuated by factors other than the specific gas that is emitted from the irradiation means and received by the light receiving means. Take measures to correct Specifically, measures are taken such as monitoring the oscillation intensity of the semiconductor laser with a photodiode or the like provided in the laser coupler of the semiconductor laser, and replacing the semiconductor laser when the oscillation intensity decreases. Further, the scattered light caused by the window dirt is received by the light receiving sensor, and when the signal intensity reaches a set threshold value or more, dust or the like adhering to the transmission window is removed.

One haze transmittance is represented by the attenuation rate R of Equation 6. Therefore, the first lock-in amplifier 52 performs phase-sensitive detection of the fundamental wave component of the modulation frequency from the signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser beam received by the light receiving means 40. Since the intensity of the detection signal is proportional to the amount of attenuation of the laser beam due to haze or the like, the haze transmittance can be obtained by checking the relationship between the signal intensity and the haze transmittance that are stored in a database in advance. it can.
Here, as shown in Equation 6, a decrease in the oscillation intensity of the semiconductor laser or a decrease in the laser intensity due to scattering attenuation caused by the dirt on the window is an error factor. Therefore, the output value of the oscillation intensity monitor of the semiconductor laser and the output value of the sensor that detects the dirt on the window are constantly monitored, and the laser intensity is attenuated by factors other than the specific gas that is emitted from the irradiation means and received by the light receiving means. Take measures to correct

  Further, in the case where a plurality of light receiving means are provided as shown in FIG. 4, in order to measure the haze transmittance, the laser beam received by the light receiving means for measuring the haze transmittance (for example, the first light receiving means 70) is used. After being converted into an electric signal by the photodetector, it is input to the first lock-in amplifier 52. The first lock-in amplifier 52 performs phase-sensitive detection on the fundamental component of the modulation frequency, and inputs the detection result to the PC. Then, the PC calculates the haze transmittance as described above. On the other hand, in order to measure the specific gas concentration, the laser light received by the light receiving means for measuring the specific gas concentration (for example, the second light receiving means 72) is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector, and then the first lock-in amplifier. 52 and the second lock-in amplifier 54. The first lock-in amplifier 52 performs phase-sensitive detection on the fundamental component of the modulation frequency, and inputs the detection result to the PC. The second lock-in amplifier 54 performs phase-sensitive detection on the second harmonic component of the modulation frequency, and inputs the detection result to the PC. And specific gas concentration is computed by PC.

  When the specific gas concentration and the haze transmittance calculated in this way are equal to or higher than a predetermined value, it is determined that a fire has occurred in the underground station, and the central control unit issues a fire alarm. The fire alarm is issued by turning on a lamp provided in the station staff office or sounding a buzzer. In addition, a fire alarm message may be automatically transmitted to the mobile phone of a station staff traveling around the underground station. By these, the evacuation guidance of the user who exists in an underground station yard can be started early. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which a center control part controls the driving | operation of the exhaust means installed in the ceiling surface etc. in an underground station premises based on the calculated specific gas density | concentration and haze transmittance | permeability. For example, the exhaust means is operated at a low speed when the specific gas concentration and the haze permeability in the underground station are below a predetermined value, and the exhaust means is operated at a high speed when the specific gas concentration or the haze permeability exceeds a predetermined value. Drive on. This makes it possible to quickly exhaust specific gases and fumes in the underground station based on the measurement results of the average specific gas concentration and haze permeability in the underground station, minimizing damage caused by fire. Can be stopped.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since the laser gas concentration measuring device using the laser absorption method is applied to the disaster prevention system of the underground station, the specific gas concentration and the smoke permeation are not required without any special cost. The rate can be measured. Further, there is no time delay due to sampling in the specific gas concentration measurement, and high-speed response can be ensured. Furthermore, by adjusting the laser beam path length, it is possible to obtain an average specific gas concentration in an arbitrary range within the underground station. Therefore, the occurrence of fire can be detected quickly and accurately in an underground space where toxic gas, fumes, etc. generated with a fire tend to stay. On the other hand, measurement at a plurality of points is possible with one semiconductor laser and a data processing unit. In addition, since the measuring device is small, it can be installed in the underground station with minimal processing. Therefore, the installation cost of the disaster prevention system can be reduced.

It is a side view in the underground station yard of the state which installed the disaster prevention system of the underground station which concerns on embodiment. It is a block diagram of the disaster prevention system of the underground station which concerns on embodiment. It is side surface sectional drawing of a laser irradiation means. It is a block diagram at the time of providing a several laser light-receiving means. It is explanatory drawing of the example of the 1st wiring which measures in a some point. It is explanatory drawing of the example which returns and transmits the transmitted light in each measurement point to the main incident / incident optical fiber. It is explanatory drawing of the example of wiring which reduced the number of optical switches by making an optical switch multi-channel. It is explanatory drawing of the system which switches a measurement point using a mechanical shutter. It is explanatory drawing of the system which distributes a laser beam to each measurement point using the optical branching device of another channel. It is explanatory drawing at the time of arrange | positioning a photodetector at each measurement point. It is explanatory drawing of wavelength modulation.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... Underground station 30 ... Laser irradiation means 40 ... First laser light receiving means

Claims (12)

A semiconductor laser capable of oscillating at least a laser beam having an absorption wavelength by a specific gas; a laser control unit that modulates the laser light oscillated by the semiconductor laser around an absorption wavelength by the specific gas; and the semiconductor laser Laser irradiation means for irradiating the oscillated laser light in the underground space; first laser light receiving means for receiving the laser light emitted from the laser irradiation means in the underground space;
From the signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser beam received by the first laser receiving means, phase-sensitive detection of the fundamental wave component of the modulation frequency of the laser beam to calculate the haze transmittance in the underground space, And a data processing unit for calculating a concentration of the specific gas in the underground space by phase-sensitive detection of a fundamental wave component and a second harmonic component of a modulation frequency of the laser light. The underground space disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means are arranged to face each other. A reflection unit configured to return and reflect the laser beam emitted from the laser irradiation unit toward the first laser receiving unit; and the laser irradiation unit, the first laser receiving unit, and the reflecting unit are disposed to face each other. The underground space disaster prevention system according to claim 1, wherein: A branching unit that is disposed on the optical axis of the laser irradiation unit and the first laser light receiving unit and branches a part of the laser light emitted from the laser irradiation unit from the optical axis, and is branched by the branching unit. And second laser receiving means for receiving the laser light in the underground space,
The data processing unit calculates either the haze transmittance or the specific gas concentration from a signal corresponding to the intensity of the laser beam received by the first laser receiving unit, and the second laser receiving unit The disaster prevention of underground space according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein either the smoke transmittance or the specific gas concentration is calculated from a signal corresponding to the intensity of the received laser beam. system. The laser irradiating means and / or the first laser light receiving means are housed inside a housing having a transmission window for the laser light,
5. The underground space disaster prevention system according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor that detects the laser light scattered by dust adhering to the transmission window. 6. An optical switch corresponding to a plurality of measurement points is sequentially arranged on the main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser, and the secondary outgoing optical fibers branched by the optical switches are respectively provided at the respective measuring points. Connected to the arranged laser irradiation means,
A plurality of subordinate incident optical fibers are branched from a main incident optical fiber extending from the data processing unit, and are respectively connected to the first laser receiving means disposed at each measurement point. The disaster prevention system for an underground space according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser via an optical isolator and a main incoming optical fiber extended from the data processing unit are connected to the main outgoing / incident optical branching unit,
An optical switch corresponding to a plurality of measurement points is sequentially arranged on the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber extending from the main outgoing / incoming optical branching unit, and the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber branched by each optical switch is connected to the incoming / outgoing optical fiber. One is connected to the laser irradiating means at each measurement point by passing through the light splitter, and the other is connected to the first laser receiving means at each measuring point via an optical isolator. The underground disaster prevention system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser via an optical isolator and a main incoming optical fiber extended from the data processing unit are connected to the main outgoing / incident optical branching unit,
A multi-channel optical switch is connected to the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber extending from the main outgoing / incoming optical splitter, and the outgoing outgoing / incoming optical fiber extended from each channel of the multi-channel optical switch is provided as a secondary outgoing / incoming optical splitter. One is connected to the laser irradiation means arranged at a plurality of measurement points, and the other is connected to the first laser light receiving means at each measurement point via an optical isolator. The underground disaster prevention system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: From the main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser, a plurality of secondary outgoing optical fibers are branched and connected to the laser irradiating means disposed at a plurality of measurement points, respectively, and from the data processing unit A plurality of subordinate incident optical fibers are branched from the extended main incident optical fiber, and are connected to the first laser receiving means disposed at the respective measurement points,
On the optical axis of the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means arranged at each measurement point, a shutter capable of switching between transmission and blocking of the laser light emitted from the laser irradiation means is provided. The disaster prevention system for an underground space according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein A main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser via an optical isolator and a main incoming optical fiber extended from the data processing unit are connected to the main outgoing / incident optical branching unit,
A multi-channel optical branching unit is connected to the main outgoing / incoming optical fiber extended from the main outgoing / incoming optical branching unit, and the secondary outgoing / incoming optical fiber extended from each channel of the multi-channel optical branching unit is connected to the outgoing outgoing / incoming light. Through the branching device, one is connected to the laser irradiation means arranged at a plurality of measurement points, and the other is connected to the first laser light receiving means at each measurement point via an optical isolator,
On the optical axis of the laser irradiation means and the first laser light receiving means arranged at each measurement point, a shutter capable of switching between transmission and blocking of the laser light emitted from the laser irradiation means is provided. The disaster prevention system for an underground space according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein An optical branching device corresponding to a plurality of measurement points is sequentially arranged on the main outgoing optical fiber extended from the semiconductor laser, and the outgoing outgoing optical fibers branched by the respective optical branching units are respectively connected to the respective measuring devices. Connected to the laser irradiation means arranged at a point,
The first laser light receiving means disposed at each measurement point includes a photodetector, and electrical wiring extending from each photodetector is connected to the data processing unit, respectively. The disaster prevention system for an underground space according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The disaster prevention system for an underground space according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein an alarm is issued when measured values of the haze transmittance and the specific gas concentration exceed predetermined values.

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