JP4148563B2 - Method for decolorizing chitin or chitosan - Google Patents
Method for decolorizing chitin or chitosan Download PDFInfo
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- JP4148563B2 JP4148563B2 JP18675498A JP18675498A JP4148563B2 JP 4148563 B2 JP4148563 B2 JP 4148563B2 JP 18675498 A JP18675498 A JP 18675498A JP 18675498 A JP18675498 A JP 18675498A JP 4148563 B2 JP4148563 B2 JP 4148563B2
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- chitosan
- chitin
- decolorization
- decolorizing
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
キチンはキトサン製造用及び関節炎治療剤として期待されているグルコサミン製造用等の原料として使用され、又、皮膚の損傷保護剤として使用される極めて重要な物質である。
キトサンは水質浄化用の凝集剤として使用され、近年では、難消化性により食物繊維の効果が期待され、中でも多くのアミノ基をもつことにより、消化管内で胆汁酸を吸着し、血清コレステロ−ル低下作用を示すことから、今後キトサンは降コレステロ−ル作用を活用した機能性食品への応用が期待されている。又、生分解性ポリマー、ダイエット補助食品等への開発が進められている。
本発明はキチン又はキトサンの脱色方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
キチン又はキトサンの脱色は従来、カニ、エビ又はシャコ等の甲皮等又はイカの軟骨を脱蛋白処理、脱カルシウム処理した後のキチン又は脱アセチル化処理した後のキトサンを天日に曝す、又は、キチン又はキトサンに紫外線を照射する、又は、エチルアルコール、アセトン等の不溶性溶剤に浸す、又は、過酸化水素等の過酸化物質、亜塩素酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム等の酸化剤を添加する等の方法でキチン又はキトサンを脱色していた。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、天日に曝す方法は、砂、昆虫等の異物の混入が発生し、紫外線を照射する方法は、大がかりな設備が必要で実用的でない。不溶性溶剤に浸す方法は、乾燥による安全性の確保が必要でありかつ溶剤の完全除去が出来ず食品への使用が困難となり、過酸化水素等の過酸化物質、亜塩素酸ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム等の酸化剤を添加する方法は、残留が問題となり食品への使用が困難となる。
【０００４】
このように、キチン又はキトサンの脱色には、膨大な製造設備と多大な製造時間が必要であり、脱色剤等を使用せず簡単で、安価で、安全性に富みしかも物性劣化の無い生産効率のよい脱色方法が望まれていた。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者らは種々検討した結果、難脱色性のキチン又はキトサンを天日干しや薬剤処理なしでキチン又はキトサンに水を含ませ加温維持した後、乾燥することでキチン又はキトサンが脱色できる方法を見い出した。更に、この脱色方法はキチン又はキトサンの物性劣化が殆ど無いことを見い出した。
その結果、一般細菌や異物の混入が無く、脱色のための薬剤が不要となり、安価で安全で高品質の食品用には最も適した脱色方法となった。
本発明は上記知見に基づいて完成されたものである。
【０００６】
即ち、本発明は、
（１）キチン又はキトサンに水を含ませ加温維持した後、乾燥することを特徴とするキチン又はキトサンの脱色方法
（２）キチン又はキトサンの含水率が５０％以上である上記（１）記載の方法
（３）加温維持する温度が５０℃以上である上記（１）又は（２）記載の方法
（４）加温維持する時間が２時間以上である上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載の方法
（５）脱色による物性劣化を殆ど認めない上記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載の方法、に関する。
【０００７】
本発明において用いるキチンは、どのような方法で得たものであってもかまわないが、通常、例えばカニ、エビ等の甲殻類の甲皮等を原料とし、それを希アルカリ又は酵素で脱蛋白し、さらに希酸で脱カルシウムして灰分を取り除き、反応終了後、数回水洗することによって得られる。
キトサンは、例えば、キチンを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の強アルカリ剤中で脱アセチル化した後、数回水洗することによって得られる。
本発明の脱色における乾燥は、例えば乾燥機による乾燥が好ましい、使用する乾燥機は、如何なる乾燥機でも良いが、キチン又はキトサンの粒子同士が付着し合って団子状にならない様に撹拌装置の有るものが良く、ナウター乾燥機、コニカル乾燥機、スクリュウ式乾燥機が好ましい。
脱色前のキチン又はキトサンの粒子径は、粗粉砕されているものであれば如何なる粒子径でもよいが、小さい程脱色され易いので、好ましくは１ｃｍ以下であり、より好ましくは３０〜２００μｍである。
本発明の脱色に使用するキチン又はキトサンに含まれる水の量は、キチン又はキトサン１００重量部に対して１００重量部以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは１５０〜１０００重量部であり、特に好ましくは２００〜２５０重量部である。
本発明の脱色時の温度は、５０℃以上に加温維持することが好ましく、より好ましくは７０〜１２０℃であり、特に好ましくは８０〜９０℃である。
本発明の脱色時の加温維持時間は、加温維持する温度にもよるが２時間以上が好ましく、より好ましくは３〜２４時間であり、特に好ましくは３〜８時間である。
脱色による物性劣化は、通常、天日曝露及び過酸化物質及び酸化剤の添加では、脱色前粘度の半分程度にまで低下する。本発明の脱色方法では、脱色前後の物性に殆ど変化が見られなかった。
【０００８】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、薬剤や溶媒を全く使用せず、安全で安価で、高品質の脱色されたキチン又はキトサンが得られる極めて有効な製造方法である。
【０００９】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
色調は、肉眼目視と色差計（日本電色（株）製）で観察した。
キチン粘度は、キチン１０ｇに４８％苛性ソーダ２００ｍｌを加え、９５℃で３時間反応して得られたキトサンの粘度で表示した。
実施例１
２ｍ３のコニカル乾燥機に、乾燥粘度６８０ｍＰａ・ｓ、平均粒子径３００μｍの赤褐色の粉末キチン５００ｋｇ及び水道水１５００ｋｇを入れ、７０℃で４時間撹拌した後、減圧下８０℃で乾燥し微黄色キチン粉末４９５ｋｇを得た。脱色前後の外観色調及び物性（粘度）を表１に示す。
【００１０】
【表１】
実施例２
３ｍ３のナウター乾燥機に、乾燥粘度８００ｍＰａ・ｓ、脱アセチル化度９３．０％、平均粒子径１８０μｍの赤色の粉末キトサン３００ｋｇ及び水道水６００ｋｇを入れ、８０℃で６時間撹拌した後、減圧下９０℃で乾燥し微黄色キトサン粉末２９９ｋｇを得た。脱色前後の外観色調及び物性（粘度、脱アセチル化度）を表２に示す。
【００１２】
【表２】
実施例３
３ｍ３のコニカル乾燥機に、乾燥粘度２８０ｍＰａ・ｓ、脱アセチル化度９６．０％、平均粒子径１４０μｍの赤色の粉末キトサン４００ｋｇ及び水道水７００ｋｇを入れ、８５℃で４時間撹拌した後、減圧下８５℃で乾燥し微黄色キトサン粉末３９７ｋｇを得た。脱色前後の外観色調及び物性（粘度、脱アセチル化度）を表３に示す。
【００１４】
【表３】
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Chitin is an extremely important substance that is used as a raw material for the production of chitosan and for the production of glucosamine, which is expected as an agent for treating arthritis.
Chitosan is used as a flocculant for water purification, and in recent years, it is expected to have an effect of dietary fiber due to indigestibility, and by having many amino groups, it absorbs bile acids in the digestive tract, and serum cholesterol Since it shows a lowering action, chitosan is expected to be applied to functional foods utilizing the cholesterol action. Development into biodegradable polymers, dietary supplements, and the like is underway.
The present invention relates to a method for decolorizing chitin or chitosan.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Decolorization of chitin or chitosan is conventionally exposed to the sun after chitin or deacetylation treatment after deproteinization, decalcification treatment of carcass of crabs, shrimp or shrimp, etc. or squid cartilage, or Irradiate chitin or chitosan with ultraviolet light, or immerse in an insoluble solvent such as ethyl alcohol or acetone, or add an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or other peroxygen, sodium chlorite or sodium hypochlorite The chitin or chitosan was decolored by the method of doing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the sun exposure method involves the mixing of foreign substances such as sand and insects, and the method of irradiating with ultraviolet rays is not practical because it requires extensive equipment. The method of soaking in an insoluble solvent requires ensuring safety by drying, and the solvent cannot be completely removed, making it difficult to use in foods. Peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite, hypochlorite In the method of adding an oxidizing agent such as sodium acid, the residue becomes a problem and it is difficult to use it for food.
[0004]
In this way, decolorization of chitin or chitosan requires enormous production facilities and a great deal of production time, is simple and inexpensive without using a decolorizing agent, etc., is safe, and has no deterioration in physical properties. A good decolorization method was desired.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, as a result of various studies, the present inventors have found that chitin or chitosan can be decolored by drying the chitin or chitosan that is hardly decolorized by adding water to the chitin or chitosan without heating or chemical treatment, followed by heating. I found a way. Furthermore, it has been found that this decolorization method hardly causes deterioration of physical properties of chitin or chitosan.
As a result, there is no contamination with general bacteria and foreign substances, and no chemical for decolorization is required, and the decolorization method is most suitable for cheap, safe and high-quality foods.
The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
[0006]
That is, the present invention
(1) A method for decolorizing chitin or chitosan, which comprises drying water after adding water to chitin or chitosan and maintaining the temperature. (2) The water content of chitin or chitosan is 50% or more. Method (3) The method of (1) or (2) above, wherein the temperature for maintaining the temperature is 50 ° C. or higher. (4) The time for maintaining the temperature is 2 hours or longer. The method according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein the method (5) according to any one of the methods does not substantially deteriorate physical properties due to decolorization.
[0007]
The chitin used in the present invention may be obtained by any method. Usually, for example, crustacean crusts such as crabs and shrimps are used as raw materials, which are deproteinized with a dilute alkali or enzyme. Further, it can be obtained by decalcifying with a dilute acid to remove ash, and washing with water several times after completion of the reaction.
Chitosan can be obtained, for example, by deacetylating chitin in a strong alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and then washing with water several times.
The drying in the decolorization of the present invention is preferably, for example, drying with a dryer. The dryer used may be any dryer, but has a stirring device so that chitin or chitosan particles do not adhere to each other to form a dumpling. Things are good, and a Nauter dryer, a conical dryer and a screw dryer are preferred.
The particle size of chitin or chitosan before decolorization may be any particle size as long as it is coarsely pulverized, but the smaller the size, the easier it is to decolorize, so it is preferably 1 cm or less, more preferably 30 to 200 μm.
The amount of water contained in chitin or chitosan used for decolorization of the present invention is preferably 100 parts by weight or more, more preferably 150 to 1000 parts by weight, particularly preferably 100 parts by weight of chitin or chitosan. Is 200 to 250 parts by weight.
The temperature during decolorization of the present invention is preferably maintained at 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 70 to 120 ° C., and particularly preferably 80 to 90 ° C.
The warming maintenance time at the time of decoloring of the present invention is preferably 2 hours or more, more preferably 3 to 24 hours, and particularly preferably 3 to 8 hours, although it depends on the temperature at which the warming is maintained.
Deterioration of physical properties due to decoloring usually decreases to about half of the viscosity before decolorization when exposed to the sun and the addition of peroxides and oxidizing agents. In the decolorization method of the present invention, there was almost no change in physical properties before and after decolorization.
[0008]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is an extremely effective production method that can obtain high-quality decolorized chitin or chitosan without using any drug or solvent, and safe and inexpensive.
[0009]
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The color tone was observed with the naked eye and a color difference meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Co., Ltd.).
The chitin viscosity was expressed as the viscosity of chitosan obtained by adding 200 ml of 48% caustic soda to 10 g of chitin and reacting at 95 ° C. for 3 hours.
Example 1
In a 2 m 3 conical dryer, 500 kg of reddish brown powder chitin with a dry viscosity of 680 mPa · s and an average particle size of 300 μm and 1500 kg of tap water are stirred for 4 hours at 70 ° C., then dried at 80 ° C. under reduced pressure, and slightly yellow chitin 495 kg of powder was obtained. Table 1 shows the appearance color tone and physical properties (viscosity) before and after decolorization.
[0010]
[Table 1]
Example 2
A 3 m 3 Nauta dryer was charged with 300 kg of red powdered chitosan having a dry viscosity of 800 mPa · s, a degree of deacetylation of 93.0%, and an average particle size of 180 μm, and 600 kg of tap water. The resultant was dried at 90 ° C. to obtain 299 kg of slightly yellow chitosan powder. Table 2 shows the appearance color tone and physical properties (viscosity, degree of deacetylation) before and after decolorization.
[0012]
[Table 2]
Example 3
A 3 m 3 conical dryer was charged with 400 kg of red powdered chitosan having a dry viscosity of 280 mPa · s, a deacetylation degree of 96.0%, and an average particle diameter of 140 μm and 700 kg of tap water, and stirred at 85 ° C. for 4 hours, and then decompressed. The resultant was dried at 85 ° C. to obtain 397 kg of slightly yellow chitosan powder. Table 3 shows the appearance color tone and physical properties (viscosity, degree of deacetylation) before and after decolorization.
[0014]
[Table 3]
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18675498A JP4148563B2 (en) | 1998-07-02 | 1998-07-02 | Method for decolorizing chitin or chitosan |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18675498A JP4148563B2 (en) | 1998-07-02 | 1998-07-02 | Method for decolorizing chitin or chitosan |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000017001A JP2000017001A (en) | 2000-01-18 |
| JP4148563B2 true JP4148563B2 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
Family
ID=16194064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18675498A Expired - Lifetime JP4148563B2 (en) | 1998-07-02 | 1998-07-02 | Method for decolorizing chitin or chitosan |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4148563B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111138563B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2022-04-22 | 山东美佳集团有限公司 | Method for preparing chitosan from snow crab shells |
-
1998
- 1998-07-02 JP JP18675498A patent/JP4148563B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2000017001A (en) | 2000-01-18 |
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